UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS FAKULTI SAINS KOGNITIF DAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA KPD 5023 (PEDAGOGI PENDIDIKAN) ASSIGNMENT 2 By : ROSIADI BIN TAJUDIN L20081002254 AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA) MOHD FARIDZUL AKMAM BIN ZULKIFLI L20081002251 AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA) SITI FATIMAH BINTI NOR DIN L20081002253 AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA) JUANAH BINTI ENTIGANG L20081002252 AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA) NIRMALA A/P SENGODAN L20081002246 AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA) Prepared For: DR. SHAHEDA BT USOF
This assignment were written to give some knowledge and exposure about the theories and method that can be applied in teaching and learning process, the Bloom’s Taxonomy, constructing JPU (Jadual Penentuan Ujian), and writing lesson plan.
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UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS
FAKULTI SAINS KOGNITIF DAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA
KPD 5023 (PEDAGOGI PENDIDIKAN)
ASSIGNMENT 2
By :
ROSIADI BIN TAJUDINL20081002254
AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA)
MOHD FARIDZUL AKMAM BIN ZULKIFLIL20081002251
AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA)
SITI FATIMAH BINTI NOR DINL20081002253
AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA)
JUANAH BINTI ENTIGANGL20081002252
AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA)
NIRMALA A/P SENGODANL20081002246
AT46D (PRODUKSI MULTIMEDIA)
Prepared For:
DR. SHAHEDA BT USOF
GROUP (DPLI) SEMESTER 1, 2008
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This assignment were written to give some knowledge and exposure about the
theories and method that can be applied in teaching and learning process, the Bloom’s
Taxonomy, constructing JPU (Jadual Penentuan Ujian), and writing lesson plan.
Through this assignment, writer has gained very precious knowledge that will
be used in his/ her teaching after. The experience such as constructing test and
examination question based on cognitive domains, gives a real experience to the
writer and colleagues about the actual work of a teacher.
In finalizing this assignment, writers would like to express great appreciation
to Dr. Shaheda Usop (Pedagogi Lecturer), for her support, aid and encouragements.
Big thanks also to those who have contribute ideas, help and made comments for this
assignment.
Hopefully, with this little ideas presented in this paper will benefit writer and
colleagues and also others in order to well understand the pedagogy of teaching.
Writer & Colleagues
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
AKNOWLEDGEMENT i
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO LEARNING THEORY
1.1 Inductive Thinking - Model Taba 2
1.2 Learning Theory - Ausubel 5
CHAPTER 2 LEARNING METHOD
2.1 Concept of Constructivist Learning 9
2.2 Concept of Cooperative Learning 14
CHAPTER 3 JADUAL PENENTUAN UJIAN (JPU)
3.1 Definition 19
3.2 The Aims of JPU 19
3.3 Characteristic of JPU 19
3.4 Constructing A JPU 21
3.5 JPU Example 26
CHAPTER 4 TAXANOMY BLOOM
4.1 Introduction 28
4.2 Cognitive Domain 29
4.3 Affective Domain 30
4.4 Psychomotor Domain 32
CHAPTER 5 DETAILS OF COGNITIVE DOMAIN
5.1 Knowledge 35
5.2 Comprehension 38
5.3 Application 41
5.4 Analysis 43
5.5 Synthesis 45
5.6 Evaluation 47
5.7 Illustrative Verb Table for Cognitive Domain 48
CHAPTER 6 EXAMPLE OF LESSON PLAN
6.1 Introduction 50
6.2 Lesson Plan 50-62
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO LEARNING THEORY
1.1 Inductive Thinking – Model Taba
The Inductive Thinking model was developed to enhance students’ acquisition of
concepts, information processing skills as well as their convergent use of information
to solve problems. It is based on information processing theories of human learning.
The Inductive Thinking Model is a teaching strategy developed by Hilda Taba
in the late 1960’s. According to Taba (1967), the best way to deal with increase in
knowledge is push the mastery, comprehension and use of ideas and concepts rather
than facts alone. By using multiple strategies, she believed that teachers can help
students successfully solve problems. These inductive strategies are embedded in
cognitive processes and require the learner to employ precise questioning techniques.
In this model she used three main conditions to construct the Models of
Teaching. First, thinking can teach. Second, thinking is an active transaction between
individual and data. And third, thinking process happen with one consequent namely
follows the rules. By these conditions, she constructs the effective strategies in
inductive model. In which she broke the model into three separate strategies that is
concept formation, interpretation of data and application of principles. Below are the
explanations of the three strategies used by Hilda Taba in her Inductive Thinking
model:
1- Concept Formation: Students gather data, group it and categorize it.
2- Interpretation of Data: Students identify critical relationship and make
inferences based on their exploration of the relationship.
3- Application of Principles: Students predict and form a hypothesis, explain
their hypothesis and used data to verify their position.
1.1.1` The Teaching Strategy According to Hilda Taba Model
Below are the example of overt activities, covert mental operation and question digest
Table 4.2: Table of verbs which describe the activity to be trained or measured at each
level in psychomotor domain.
CHAPTER 5
COGNITIVE DOMAIN DETAILS
5.1 Knowledge
Knowledge is defined as the remembering of previously learned information. This
may involve the recall of a wide range of material, knowledge of major ideas, or
mastery of subject matter. But in general, the requirement in this category is the recall
of appropriate information. Although memorization is the lowest level of learning
outcomes, it represents an important category in teaching and learning of
mathematics.
Examples of learning objectives at this level know common terms, knowing
specific facts, knowing methods and procedures, knowing basic concepts, and
knowing principles.
Refer to sub chapter 5.7, table 5.1 to view the illustrative verbs commonly use in
knowledge level.
5.1.1 Example of Learning Objectives and Questions
Learning Objectives
Student should be able to:
• Determine and state six element’s of multimedia
• Give definition of multimedia.
Example of Questions
1. State six element’s of multimedia.
i. ____________________ iv. _____________________
ii. ____________________ v. _____________________
iii. ____________________ vi. _____________________
2. Fill in the blank with the correct answer.
There are the elements of multimedia which is text, graphic, interactivity,
video, audio and ________________.
3. Usually format of video is .AVI
a) True
b) False
4 Give 2 examples of text types.
i.______________
ii.______________
5. State two examples file format for audio?
i.________________
ii.________________
6. Give three types of graphic:-
i.______________
ii.______________
iii.______________
(Question 7 – 10)
Match the picture with the correct answer.
7.
8.
9.
10.
5.2 Comprehension
Comprehension is defined as the ability to understand information and grasp the
meaning of material. This may be shown by translating knowledge into new context,
interpreting facts, and comparing, contrasting, or predicting consequences. These
2D
3D
6D
3D
4D
2D
learning outcomes go one step beyond simple remembering of material and represent
the lowest level of understanding.
The examples of learning objectives at this level is to understand facts and
principles, interpreting verbal material, interpreting charts and graphs, translating
verbal material to mathematical formulae, estimating the future consequences implied
in data, and justifying methods and procedures.
Refer to sub chapter 5.7, table 5.1 to view the illustrative verbs commonly use in
comprehension level.
5.2.1 Example of Learning Objectives and Questions
Learning Objectives :
Student should be able to explain and difference every elements multimedia.
Example of Questions
1. All of these are element of multimedia except? Circle the answer.
2. Find the six elements multimedia in the crossword puzzle.
A E T U N M C V E U N F WI A Q S X V E O I R W B NM T Y E S E B Y G D H T D
TEXT
MEDIA
GRAPHIC
ANIMATION
AUDIO VIDEO
T K F S D Y I O P Q E V IH L E T E X T I H U V O EW G O F I G I E U K L E VP R D O I L O N J U O N RY W V U N S N O D E T R UO Y A O E H U I E H C C EI N T E R A C T I V I T YD E R O N E N A M E H A GU F A V U Q C M Y C P J EA W Y B E N E I A R A N KE H S U N O K N T N R E UA L P I D U S A H W G O IC W Q E A H Y I P R E T R
i. ____________________
ii. ____________________
iii. ____________________
iv. ____________________
v. ____________________
vi. ____________________
3. What type of graphic for the pictures below?
(Question 4-8 based on the questions below)
Match elements with right definition.
4.
AUDIO
VIDEO
ANIMATION
GRAPHIC
Visual based information presentation
Basic information distribution
For more effective information
A series of graphic images that are sequenced
Interesting and alive
TEXT
5.
6
7.
8.
9. State the type of the text given.
10. Instruction: Decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
STATEMENT TRUE FALSE
a) There are five elements of multimedia.
b) Music, speech, or any other sounds are examples
of audio information.
c) Two types of animation are 2D and 3D.
5.3 Application
Application refers to the ability to use learned material in new situations. This may
include solving problems that require recognizing and applying appropriate ideas,
concepts, methods, principles, laws, and theories without being told and without any
specific or immediate cues. Learning outcomes in this area require a higher level of
understanding than those under comprehension.
The examples of learning objectives at this level are applying concepts and
principles to new situations, solving mathematical problems, constructing graphs and
charts, and demonstrating correct usage of a method or procedure.
Refer to sub chapter 5.7, table 5.1 to view the illustrative verbs commonly use in
application level.
5.3.1 Example of Learning Objectives and Questions
Learning Objectives
Students will use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an abstraction.
They will apply what was learned in the classroom into novel situations in the work
place.
Example of Questions
1. A 16-bit image is capable of representing how many different colors?
2. 32-bit = ____________Byte
3. Convert 4-bit depth color to Binary code combination.
4. List down four vector-drawn objects that being used in multimedia projects.
5. Discuss the problems encountered using text across computer platforms.
6. Discuss the origins of cel animation and the concepts that go into creating these
animations.
7. What is the standard font size that we can use when developing a web page?
8. ____________ is the best image format that can be used in web page.
A A9. Discuss what the difference between the two fonts above is.
10. Explain in what kind of situation interactive multimedia is being used whether in
linear or non-linear situation? Give reason for your answer.
5.4 Analysis
Analysis refers to the breaking down of informational materials into their component
parts, examining and trying to understand the organizational structure of such
information to develop divergent conclusions by identifying motives or causes,
making inferences, and finding evidence to support generalizations.
The examples of learning objectives at this level are to separates material or
concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood.
For example distinguishes between facts and inferences, troubleshoot a piece of
equipment by using logical deduction, recognize logical fallacies in reasoning and
gathers information from a department and selects the required tasks for training.
Refer to sub chapter 5.7, table 5.1 to view the illustrative verbs commonly use in
Table 5.1: Table of verbs which describe the activity to be trained or measured at each
level in cognitive domain.
CHAPTER 6
EXAMPLE OF LESSON PLAN
6.1 Introduction
Lesson plan is an important tool that help teacher to well organize his/ her classroom.
It functions as a guideline for teacher in his/ her teaching process. Usually, teacher
will prepare a daily lesson plan one day earlier before teaching the related topics.
Besides it also to ensures that the topics being teaches achieve the learning objectives
stated in HSP (Huraian Sukatan Matapelajaran) In this chapter, three examples of
lesson plan for three unit’s of topic were presented. It is based on Chapter 2
Multimedia Element, in Multimedia Production for Form 4.
6.2 Lesson Plan
6.2.1 Example of Lesson Plan 1
Date : 4 March 2008
Time : 8.30 am – 9.00 am
Number of student : 30
Class : 4 Vocational 1
Subject : Multimedia Production
Topic : 2.1 Multimedia Elements
: 2.2 Text
Learning outcome:
2.1.1 Identify multimedia elements.
Text
Graphic
Animation
Video
Audio
Interactivity
2.2.1 Identify text in multimedia from aspect.
Function
Text Types
Typeface
Font Typeface
Text Style
Alignment
Color
Objective
At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
(a) List the elements multimedia correctly.
(b) Identify text in multimedia such as from function, text types, typeface,
text style, alignment and color correctly.
Pre-requisite knowledge:
Students already know about multimedia
Teaching aid:
Slide presentation power point
Computer
Induction .mpeg file
Teaching Technique:
Explanation
Questions and answer
Homework
IMPLEMENTATION
Time/Step Content/ Skill Teaching And Learning ActivitiesStrategies/
Methodology/Aids
Induction Set
(5 min)
Introduction to the topic 1. Students see the graphic carefully.
2. Students try to answer teacher’s question and gives their
opinions about the graphic.
3. Teacher explains the relation between the question and the
topic that they will learn.
4. Teacher tells the objective about the lesson and guideline
to students.
Strategy :
Student centered
Teaching Aids :
Picture of graphic
Technique :
Explanation, discussion, and
questioning
Values :
Confidence
Step 1
(10 min)
Aspect graphic in
multimedia
function
graphic source
graphic types
(2D, 3D)
1. Teacher gives definition about graphic.
2. Teacher explains three the aspects graphic in multimedia
presentation
3. Students will listen to teacher’s explanation and write short
notes in book.
4. Teacher shows the example of picture 2D graphic types.
5. Teacher asks students different graphic types between 2D
and 3D.
Strategy :
Student centered and teacher
centered
Teaching Aids :
Slide power point and picture
2D graphic
Technique :
Explanation and questioning
Values :
Confidence , responsibility
and precision
Step 2
(10 min)
file graphic
format
layout
combination color
1. Teacher explains the three more graphic aspects in
multimedia presentation.
2. Students listen teacher’s explanation and write short notes
in book.
3. Teacher shows the example of picture.
4. Teacher asks students about the picture from aspect color
combination and layout graphic in multimedia
presentation.
Strategy :
Student centered and teacher
centered
Teaching Aids :
Slide power point and
picture of graphic
Technique :
Explanation and questioning
Values :
Confidence, responsibility
and carefully
Conclusion
(5 min)
Summarizes the subtopic
that has learned.
1. Teacher asks randomly selected student to explain what
they have learnt today.
2. Teacher recalls a topic that they have learnt orally.
3. A summary of the content will be displayed on screen by
teacher.
Strategy :
Student centered and teacher
centered
Teaching Aids :
4. Teacher gives some homework to students.
5. Teacher gives some motivation to their students.
Slide power point
Technique :
Explanation and questioning
Values :
Confidence, responsibility and
carefully
6.2.2 Example of Lesson Plan 2
Date : 18 March 2008
Time : 8.30 am – 9.00 am
Number of student : 30
Class : 4 Vocational 1
Subject : Multimedia Production
Topic : 2.3 Graphic
Learning outcome:
2.3.1 Identify graphic in multimedia from aspect:
Function
Graphic Source
Graphic Types (2d, 3d)
File Graphic Format
Layout
Color Combination
Objective:
At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
a) Identify graphic in multimedia such as from function, graphic source,
graphic types, and files graphic format, layout and color combination
correctly.
Pre-requisite knowledge:
Students already know about the elements of multimedia.
Teaching aid:
Slide presentation power point
Example pictures of graphic
Teaching Technique:
Explanation, questions and answer
Homework
IMPLEMENTATION
Time/Step Content/ Skill Teaching And Learning ActivitiesStrategies/
Methodology/Aids
Induction Set
(5 min)
Introduction to the topic 1. Students see the graphic carefully.
2. Students try to answer teacher’s question and gives their
opinions about the graphic.
3. Teacher explains the relation between the question and the
topic that they will learn.
4. Teacher tells the objective about the lesson and guideline
to students.
Strategy :
Student centered
Teaching Aids :
Picture of graphic
Technique :
Explanation, discussion, and
questioning
Values :
Confidence
Step 1
(10 min)
Aspect graphic in
multimedia
function
graphic source
graphic types
(2D, 3D)
1. Teacher gives definition about graphic.
2. Teacher explains three the aspects graphic in multimedia
presentation
3. Students listen teacher’s explanation and write short notes
in book.
4. Teacher shows the example of picture 2D graphic types.
5. Teacher asks students different graphic types between 2D
and 3D.
Strategy :
Student centered and teacher
centered
Teaching Aids :
Slide power point and picture
2D graphic
Technique :
Explanation and questioning
Values :
Confidence , responsibility
and precision
Step 2
(10 min)
file graphic
format
layout
combination color
1. Teacher explains the three more graphic aspects in
multimedia presentation.
2. Students listen teacher’s explanation and write short notes
in book.
3. Teacher shows the example of picture.
4. Teacher asks students about the picture from aspect color
combination and layout graphic in multimedia
presentation.
Strategy :
Student centered and teacher
centered
Teaching Aids :
Slide power point and
picture of graphic
Technique :
Explanation and questioning
Values :
Confidence, responsibility
and carefully
Conclusion
(5 min)
Summarizes the subtopic
that has learned.
1. Teacher asks randomly selected student to explain what
they have learnt today.
2. Teacher recalls a topic that they have learnt orally.
3. A summary of the content will be displayed on screen by
teacher.
Strategy :
Student centered and teacher
centered
Teaching Aids :
4. Teacher gives some homework to students.
5. Teacher gives some motivation to their students.
Slide power point
Technique :
Explanation and questioning
Values :
Confidence, responsibility and
carefully
6.2.3 Example of Lesson Plan 3
Date : 11 March 2008
Time : 8.30 am – 9.00 am
Number of student : 30
Class : 4 Vocational 1
Subject : Multimedia Production
Topic : 2.1.4 Animation
Learning outcome:
2.1.4 Identify animation in multimedia from aspect:
Function
Source
Animation Types
File Animation Format
Layout
Objective:
At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
b) Identify animation in multimedia such as from function, source, animation
types, file animation format and layout correctly.
Pre-requisite knowledge:
Students already know about the elements of multimedia.
Teaching aid:
Slide presentation power point
Shrek .avi file
Teaching Technique:
Explanation
Questions and answer
Homework
IMPLEMENTATION
Time/Step Content/ Skill Teaching And Learning ActivitiesStrategies/Methodology/Aids
Induction Set
(5 min)
Introduction to the topic 1. Students see the video about animation carefully.
2. Students try to answer teacher’s question and gives their
opinions about the video.
3. Teacher explains the relation between the question and the
topic that they will learn.
4. Teacher tells the objective about the lesson and guideline
to students.
Strategy :
Student Centered
Teaching Aids :
Shrek.avi (video)
Technique :
Explanation, Discussion, and
Questioning
Values :
Confidence
Step 1
(10 min)
Aspect animation in
multimedia
function
source
animation types
1. Teacher gives definition about animation.
2. Teacher explains three the aspects animation in
multimedia presentation
3. Students listen teacher’s explanation and write short notes
in book.
4. Teacher shows the example of animation types.
Strategy :
Teacher centered
Teaching Aids :
Slide power point and example
animation types
Technique :
Explanation
Values :
Confidence , responsibility
and precision
Step 2
(10 min)
file animation
format
layout
1. Teacher explains two more animation aspects in
multimedia presentation.
2. Students listen teacher’s explanation and write short notes
in book.
3. Teacher asks students about the file animation format.
Strategy :
Student centered and teacher
centered
Teaching Aids :
Slide power point
Technique :
Explanation and questioning
Values :
Confidence, responsibility and
carefully
Conclusion
(5 min)
Summarizes the subtopic
that has learned.
1. Teacher asks randomly selected student to explain what
they have learnt today.
2. Teacher recalls a topic that they have learnt orally.
3. A summary of the content will be displayed on screen by
teacher.
4. Teacher gives some homework to students.
5. Teacher gives some motivation to their students.
Strategy :
Student centered and teacher
centered
Teaching Aids :
Slide power point
Technique :
Explanation and questioning
Values :
Confidence, responsibility
and carefully
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aidanismah Yahya 2006, Senilukis Dan Grafik,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Bangi.
Asmah Hj. ahmad. 1990. Pedagogi 1. Kuala Lumpur: Longman Malaysia.
Author. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning Domain. http://www.businessballs.com/consciouscompetencelearningmodel.htm (akses 04 Mac 2008)
Bhasah Abu Bakar. 2003. Asas Pengukuran Bilik Darjah. Tanjong Malim : Quantum Books.
Bhasah Abu Bakar. 2007. Pengujian, Pengukuran Dan Penilaian Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur : Pustaka Salam.
E.S, James. 1998. Multimedia in Action. USA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Edaris Abbu Bakri. 2004. Pengurusan Strategik: Konsep dan Aplikasi untuk Pendidikan. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Gisele Glosser. Techniques for Employing Cooperative Learning in the Classroom. http://www.mathgodies.com/articles/coop_learning.html (akses 12 Jan 2008)
Kamarudin Husin, Siti Hajar Abdul Aziz. 2004. Pedagogi Asas Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Kayazano Enterprise.
Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia. 2007. Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia – Information And Communication Technology Paper 1. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Lowe, R.K. 2003. “Animation and learning: selective processing of information in dynamic graphics”. Faculty of Education, Curtin University Perth, WA, Australia.
Mimi Haryani Hassim, Mohd. Kamarruddin Abd. Hamid, Mohd. Abu Hassan (et.al). 2004. “Enhancing Learning Through Cooperative Learning: UTM Experience”. Conference on Engineering Education, Kuala Lumpur.
Office of Research Education. Techniques Cooperative Learning. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/OR/Consumer Guides/cooplear.html (akses 12 Jan 2008)
Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum. 2002. Huraian Sukatan Matapelajaran Produksi Multimedia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum. 2003. Modul Pembelajaran Multimedia. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Vaughan, T. 2001. “Multimedia Making It Works”. California: Osborne McGraw Hill.
A E T U N M C V E U N F WI A Q S X V E O I R W B NM T Y E S E B Y G D H T D
T K F S D Y I O P Q E V IH L E T E X T I H U V O EW G O F I G I E U K L E VP R D O I L O N J U O N RY W V U N S N O D E T R UO Y A O E H U I E H C C EI N T E R A C T I V I T YD E R O N E N A M E H A GU F A V U Q C M Y C P J EA W Y B E N E I A R A N KE H S U N O K N T N R E UA L P I D U S A H W G O IC W Q E A H Y I P R E T R
3. Logical
4.
5.
6.
7.
AUDIO
VIDEO
ANIMATION
GRAPHIC
Visual based information presentation
Basic information distribution
For more effective information
A series of graphic images that are sequenced
Interesting and alive
TEXT
8.
9. Typeface
10. a) False b) True c) True
5.3 Application
1. 65,536 colors
2. 32768
3. 0000 or 0001 or 0011 or 0111 or 1111 or 0010 or 0100 or 1000 or 0110 or 1100
i) Fonts are the greatest cross-platform concern because they must be mapped to
the other machine.
ii) If a specified font doesn’t exist on the target machine, a substitute must be
provided that does exist on the target. This is called font substitution.
iii) Character mapping allows bullets, accented characters, and other curious
characters that are part if the extended character set on one platform to appear
correctly when text is moved to the other platform.
6.
i) Cel animation is an animation technique made famous by Disney, uses a series
of progressively different graphics on each frame of movie film.
ii) Cel animation artwork begins with keyframes; these are the first and last frame
of an action.
iii) Tweening an action involves creating the frames to depict the action that
happens between keyframes.
iv) Computer animation programs typically employ the same logic and procedural
concepts as cel animation.
7. Arial
8. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
9.First Font Second Font
i) Serif Sans serif
ii) The serif is the little decoration at the end of a letter stroke
Without decoration at the end of a letter stroke
iii) Example: Times, Bookman, New Century Schoolbook
Example: Arial, Vernada, Optima
iv) Used for body text because to help guide the reader’s eye along the line of text
Used for headlines and bold statements
10. Interactive multimedia is being used in non-linear situation. Reasons for the answer is interactive multimedia means user can control the flows of the multimedia project.
5.4 Analysis
6.
2D Animation 3D AnimationIn 2-D space, the visual changes that bring an image alive occur on the flat Cartesian x and y axes of the screen
Creates a virtual realm in three dimensions, and changes are calculated along all three axes ( x,y and z )
Example: a blinking word, a button, a cel animation, etc
Example: Toy Story, Jurassic Park, Pinggu , etc
Path animation in 2-D space increases the complexity of an animation and provides motion, changing the location of an image along a predetermined path during a specified amount of time.
Allowing an image or object that itself is created with a front, back, sides, top, and bottom to move towards or away from the viewer
Moving Picture Experts Group Audio /Video InterleaveMPEG standards have been developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group, a working group convened by the ISO and IEC
Introduced by Microsoft in November 1992
Create standards for digital representation of moving pictures and associated audio and other data
Can contain both audio and video data in a standard container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback.Support multiple streaming audio and video, although these features are seldom used
9. The audio clip is extended to accommodate the extra data.
10.i) MIDI stand for Musical Instrument Digital Interface
ii) MIDI data is a shorthand representation of music stored in numeric form.
iii) Smaller than equivalent digitized waveform files.
iv) Device dependent mean its playback depends on the capabilities of the end
user’s system.
v) Load and play more quickly when embedded in web pages
vi) Can change the length of a MIDI file by varying its tempo without changing the
pitch or degrading the audio quality.
5.5 Synthesis
1.
2. Audi 3. Video 4. Image
5.
i) Open audio recording software
ii) Press record button to record your voice
iii) Use microphone as a tool to capture your voice. v) Save your voice recorded in appropriate audio format.
WMAMIDIMP3
MPEGAVIMOVMP4
JPEGBITMAPGIF
6. 300 B, 24 KB, 100 MB, 5 GB, 1TB
7.
8.
9.
10.
5.6 Evaluation
1.The implications of using audio in production are audio makes a production more attractive, more entertaining and live. Because sounds are time based, its need to consider what happens to sounds that are playing in your production when the user goes to a different location. Appropriate use of sound requires technical considerations of disk space or bandwidth as well as the abilities of the authoring system to use various file formats and compression. Keep track of your audio files, and be sure to back them up.Regularly test the sound and image synchronization of your project.
2. The multimedia elements in the web page above area.Text b.Image c.Interactive
3. The lacks of the web page are i) No sounds elements ii ) Lack of Images iii) Lack of animation
4. The suggestions to improve this web page arei) Put more images to make it more attractiveii) Put some animation to make it more aliveiii) Put soundiv) Make the arrangement of the button more tidy
5.
Fade ins and Fade out
Equalization
Time Stretching
Trimming
Helps to smooth out the very beginning and the very end of a sound file
Allow you to modify a recording’s frequency content so that it sounds brighter or darker
Advanced programs let you alter the length (in time) of a sound file without changing its pitch
Removing “dead air” or blank space
Macintosh PCThe extension files supported are JPEG GIF
6.- Cel animation is an animation technique made famous by Disney, uses a series of
progressively different graphics on each frame of movie film.- Cel animation artwork begins with keyframes; these are the first and last frame of an action.- Tweening an action involves creating the frames to depict the action that happens
between keyframes.- Computer animation programs typically employ the same logic and procedural
concepts as cel animation.
7- Animation is the act of making something come alive.- Depending on the size of the project, you can animate the whole thing or just
animate parts of it.-Visual effects such as wipes, fades, zooms, and dissolves, available in most authoring
packages, are simple form of animation- Animation is an object actually moving across or into or out of the screen.- Animation is possible because of the biological phenomenon known as persistence
of vision and a psychological phenomenon called phi.- With animation, a series of images are changed very slightly and very rapidly, one
after the other, seemingly blending together into a visual illusion of movement.- Television video builds 30 entire frames or pictures every second. Movies on film
are typically shot at a shutter rate of 24 frames per second.
8.- Don’t place critical information such as text in the outer 15 percent of the screen.
Keep it within the safe title area.- Colors on computer monitors are purer and more accurate than those seen on a
television monitor, so select colors carefully and review them on a TV monitor.- Avoid fine lines and harsh color contrasts.
9. - Bitmaps are an image type most appropriate for photo-realistic images and complex
drawings requiring fine detail.- Limitations of bitmapped images include large files sizes and the inability to scale or
resize the image easily while maintaining quality.- A bitmap is a simple information matrix describing the individual dots of an image
called pixels.- The image’s bit-depth determine the number of colors that can be displayed by an
individual pixel.- You can grab a bitmap image from a screen, scan it with a scanner, download it
from a web site or capture it from a video capture device.
10.- A typeface is a family of graphic characters that usually includes many type sizes
and styles.
- A font is a collection of characters of a single size and style belonging to a particular typeface family.
APPENDIX C
EXAMPLE OF QUESTION FOR MULTMEDIA ELEMENTS TEST.REFER TO JPU IN CHAPTER 3.
1. All of these are element of multimedia except?Semua yang berikut merupakan elemen multimedia kecuali
A. AnimationB. AudioC. InteractivityD. Media
2. The definition of animation?Maksud animasi ialah
A. Visual based information presentationB. Basic information distributionC. A series of graphic images that are sequencedD. Interesting and alive
Picture A Picture B
3. Picture A and picture B above are two different types of animation. Choose the right types of these two pictures.Gambar A dan B menunjukkan jenis animasi yang berbeza. Pilih jenis animasi yang tepat untuk kedua-dua gambar tersebut.
A. 2D and 3DB.3D and 2DC.3D and 4DD. 2D and 4D
4. Choose the right materials that will be used to develop multimedia application:Pemilihan bahan dalam membangunkan aplikasi multimedia boleh diperolehi melalui.
I Using your own materialII Create a new material and used itIII Hire graphic designer to produce material that you needIV Using material from public domain
A. I, II, IIIB.II, III, IVC.I, III, IVD. I, II, III, IV
angled
bracketed serifs
biased stress
less thick
thin contrast
H
5. Text that have a style as above is:Stail huruf yang mempunyai ciri di atas ialah:
A. RomanB.Old styleC.TransitionalD. Modern
6. Text used in a design for Penggunaan teks dalam sesuatu rekaan digunakan untuk :
I To give information of a messageII To attract the audienceIII As a function and format styleIV As a graphical design
A. I and IIB.I and IVC.I, II and IIID. I, III and IV
7. The use of text as shown on figure above is.Apakah yang ingin disampaikan oleh teks di atas?
A. Text and visualB.Text and expressionC.Text positiveD. Text negative
8. What is the function of text?Fungsi teks ialah.
A. Pictures or illustrationB.Sound that can be heard but cannot be seen with human eyesC. Give an informationD. A series of frames containing pictures and sound played back at a fast
rate
9. There are three main text types exceptTerdapat tiga jenis teks utama kecuali
A. SerifB.Sans serifC.DecorativeD. Innovative
10. How many types of graphics?Grafik boleh dikelaskan kepada berapa jenis?
A. 1B.2C.3D. 4
11. The most basic and important element in multimedia application is __________?Elemen yang paling asas dalam aplikasi multimedia ialah,
A. TextB.GraphicC.AnimationD. Video
12. Choose the correct file format for graphics?Pilih format fail yang tepat untuk grafik
A. .aviB..mpegC..wmaD. .jpeg
13. Which of the graphics file format listed below is use widely in presenting graphics on web pages?Jenis fail format grafik yang digunakan secara meluas untuk paparan grafik di
halaman-halaman web ialah
A. .psdB..gif
C..pngD. Bitmap
14. Which of the software listed below matches with the function stated?Yang mana antara perisian dibawah padan dengan fungsi yang diberikan
15. The device below is used in working with graphics. Find the incorrect answer.Peralatan yang disenaraikan dibawah diguna untuk bekerja dengan grafik. Cari
jawapan yang tidak tepat.
A. Digital cameraB. ScannerC. Photocopy machineD. Printer
16. Which of the answer below best listing the types of graphics?Yang mana antara senarai dibawah menerangkan jenis grafik
A. 2D and 3DB. 1D and 2DC. 2D and 4DD. 3D and 4D
17. Animation is possible due to biological phenomenon occurred in human eyes. The phenomenon called as….
Animasi menjadi mungkin disebabkan oleh fenomena biologi yang berlaku dalam mata manusia. Fenomena ini dipanggil..
A. Sight attractionB. Visibility of lightC. Lighting effectD. Persistence of vision
18. In 3D animation development, developer will go through few phases. Below is the list of 3D development phases. Arrange them into sequence…
Dalam pembangunana Animasi 3D, pembangun akan melalui beberapa fasa. Dibawah ialah senarai fasa-fasa pembangunan tersebut. Susun fasa-fasa tersebut
mengikut turutan yang betul..
IAnimatingIIModeling
IIIStoryboardingIVRigging
A. II, III, I, IVB. I, III, IV, IIC. III, II, IV, ID. III, II, I, IV
19. 3D model can perform movement due to the bones and joint function which is inserted inside the model during the 3D development phases. This activity known as…
Model 3D boleh melakukan pergerakkan kerana terdapat fungsi tulang dan otot yang dimasukkan kedalam model tersebut semasa fasa pembangunan 3D. Aktiviti
memasukkan tulang dan otot ini di kenali sebagai..
A. BoningB. RiggingC. Joining bonesD. Movement function
20. Choose the famous software that being used in 2D animation development todayPilih perisian popular yang digunakan dalam pembangunan animasi 2D pada hari ini
A. Toon BoomB. LightwaveC. Swift 2DD. Audio best Studio Max
21. Animation is used in many industries today, EXCEPT: Pada masa kini, animasi banyak digunakan dalam industri, KECUALI
A. Advertising industriesB. Film industriesC. EducationD. Banking and finance
22. ________________ is a process of creating 3D object and scenes. adalah satu proses menghasilkan objek 3D dan pemandangan
A. RenderingB. Modeling
C. TexturingD. Mapping
23. Which of the following 3D animation software is correct. Manakah yang berikut adalah perisian animasi 3D yang betul
A. 3D studio maxB. Adobe PhotoshopC. Macromedia FlashD. Microsoft Word
24. After rendering all of the scene in 3D animation software, developer then performs video editing process to arrange all of the scenes into sequences. The example final video file format is.Setelah “rendering”keseluruhan babak dalam perisian animasi 3D, pembangun akan melakukan proses pengolahan video untuk menyusun keseluruhan babak mengikut susunan. Contoh format akhir bagi video ialah.
A. *.maxB. *.swiC. *.aviD. *.wav
25. Sound pressure levels ( loudness or volume ) are measured in ________________ Ukuran yang digunakan untuk mengukur kekuatan bunyi ialah
A. DesibelB. AusebelC. HertzD. Quartz
26. The process of adjusting the level of a number of tracks to bring them all up to about the same level is called __________________Proses mengubah aras nombor trak sesuatu bunyi kepada aras yang sama dikenali sebangai.
A. Volume modificationB. Volume changingC. Volume arrangementD. Volume adjustment
27. The audio file format introduced by Microsoft and IBM with the introduction of Windows is the ___________________Fail format yang diperkenalkan oleh Microsoft dan IBM yang didatangkan sekali dengan pakej windows ialah.
A. .mp3B. .wavC. .aiffD. MIDI
28. The process of playing a sound file while part of the file is still downloading is called _______________________Proses memainkan fail bunyi semasa sebahagian daripada fail tersebut masih dimuat turun dipanggil.
A. StreamingB. PerformingC. Waiting while listeningD. Staggering
29. The file format that uses a shorthand representation of musical notes and durations stored in numeric form is:Fail format yang menggunakan perwakilan nota muzik dan tempo yang distorkan dalam bentuk bernombor ialah.
A. AIFFB. CD-ROM/XAC. SDPD. MIDI
30. Removing blank space or “dead air” at the beginning or end of a recording is sometimes called:Mengeluarkan ruangan kosong atau ‘dead air’ pada permulaan atau akhir suatu rakaman dipanggil.
A. quietingB. pre-rolling C. trimmingD. quantizing
31. The television signal format used in the United States, Japan, and many other countries is known as__________________Format signal televisyen yang digunakan di United States, Jepun dan kebanyakan Negara di kenali sebagai
A. PALB. DTSC. NTSCD. NTFS
32. The technique in which playback of a video starts as soon as enough data has transferred to the user’s computer to sustain this playback is called______________Teknik di mana video di mainbalik setelah data sepenuhnya dipindah ke computer pengguna untuk meneruskan mainbalik adalah dipanggil
A. ReflectingB. StreamingC. CompressingD. Digitazing
33. The length of time it takes the CD-ROM player to locate specific data on the CD-ROM disc is called ___________________Masa yang diambil oleh pemacu CD-ROM untuk meletakkan data pada Cakera CD ROM di panggil
A. Laps timeB. Real timeC. Past timeD. Seek time
34. Removing a residual magnetic field that distorts the colors on a television screen is called:Pembuangan saki medan magnetik yang mengganggu warna pada skrin televisyen di panggil
A. trackingB. dubbingC. flatteningD. degaussing
35. Computer monitors draw the lines of an entire frame in a single pass; this technique is called:Monitar komputer menghasilkan garisan pada keseluruhan bingkai dalam satu laluan, teknik ini di panggil
A. streaming B. progressive-scanC. flatteningD. overscan
36. Which of the following is a videotape format?
Yang manakah berikut format pita video?
A. DVD-RWB. Component YC. Hi-8D. S-VHS
37. Process to design multimedia application can be divide into three, except?Process mereka suatu aplikasi multimedia boleh dibahagikan kepada tiga, kecuali
A. Information designB. Graphic design
C. Interaction designD. Interface design
38. Normal mistake when design the interface of multimedia application:Kesalahan yang biasa dalam mereka suatu aplikasi multimedia ialah
I Complex interfaceII Information is not relevantIII Too much textIV No control in audio and video
A. I, IIB. I. III, IVC. I, II, III, IVD. I, II, III
39. Three types of interactivity that was proposed by Sims except?Berikut ialah tiga jenis interaktiviti yang dicadangkan oleh Sims, kecuali
A. Construct interactivityB. Non – immersive contextual interactivityC. Normal interactivityD. Immersive virtual interactivity
40. Significance of slaid presentation compared with the other software?Kelebihan persembahan slaid dibandingkan dengan perisian lain ialah.
I Propose many kind of interactivity non linear and multimedia representative
II Allow animation, audio, video and special effect element to be usedIII There are variety color of background, design and templateIV Can be used in Windows and Macintosh
A. I, II, IVB. I, III, IVC. I, II, IIID. I, II, III, IV
Question End.
Answer Suggestion
1 D 21 D2 C 22 B3 A 23 A
4 D 24 A5 B 25 A6 C 26 D7 B 27 B8 C 28 A9 D 29 D10 B 30 C11 A 31 C12 D 32 B13 C 33 D14 C 34 D15 A 35 B16 A 36 D17 D 37 B18 C 38 C19 B 39 C20 A 40 D