Pearl Harbor. the Seeds and Fruits of Infamy. Percy L. Greaves Jr.

8/3/2019 Pearl Harbor. the Seeds and Fruits of Infamy. Percy L. Greaves Jr.

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PEARL HARBORTHE SEEDS AND FRUITS OF INFAMY


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PEARL HARBORTHE SEEDS AND FRUITS OF INFAMY

Percy L. Greaves, Jr.

Bettina B. Greaves, ed.

Foreword by John Chamberlain

L MIMISES INS I U E


5/960

ISBN: 978-1-933550-33-6

Copyright 2010 by the Ludwig von Mises Institute and published underthe Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0. http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/3.0.

For information write the Ludwig von Mises Institute, 518 West MagnoliaAvenue, Auburn, Alabama 36832. Mises.org.


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Contents

E P , B B G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A P , P L. G , J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F , J C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART I: THE SEEDS OF INFAMY 1 U.S. I P (19331940). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 F R E Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 U.S. B S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 U.S. M P P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 U D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116 Modus Vivendi Y N !. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297 J A A I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1618 T C B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1799 M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

10 S I K W . . . . . . . 22111 F I I J A . . . . . 2312 D 6, P 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

13 D 6, P 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26914 T M F D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28115 A R , P H ! T N D !. . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

v


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vi Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy

PART 2: THE FRUITS OF INFAMY

16 T F R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34317 T P H Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34718 T C - B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35919 T A I I . . . . . . . . .320 19421944 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40521 1944: A Y I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417

22 A P H B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43723 T N C I ( J 24O 9, 1944) . . 48924 1944: A P Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54525 A D S I

C , C , H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56326 S M I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60727 J C C I

P H A (N 15, 1945M 31, 1946) P 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613

28 J C C I P H A (N 15, 1945

M 31, 1946) P 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66729 J C C I

P H A (N 15, 1945M 31, 1946) P 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .727

30 J C C I P H A (N 15, 1945

M 31, 1946) R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82331 E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839

A :Dramatis Personae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887


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Editors Preface

N . E , , , . H

, , , A

, . A P H

U S W W II. I ,

A -

. T

. A

- J P H

W ffi . M , P G ,

D 7, 1941 ,

vii


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viii Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy

R N C

1944 R -D U S J A 1940

J SECRE SUPER-SECRE . T , ,

J .

A A 1945, C J C C

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Editors Preface ix

, ffi

. A P ,

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A I P I , I

. I . A

, , .

MRS . P ERCY L. (B ETTINA B.) G REAVES , JR. May 2007


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Authors Preface

W P H . I - - . I . F

I P H .A D 7, 1941, J U S U.S. F P H

H I . H US , . N , S E H

P S 1939. T , E A

A P . T

J H . H ,

P H N A

H E. K A G W C. S .

, ; , , .

xi


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xii Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy

T I P H

1944. T R P T E. D , P FR . S RN C I R D U.S.

J W ffi , , J

.D , A C S ff G

C. M , . O J, ,

P U . D . W R

S H F M , D , , . T

P H . A R R

A , I P .

1945 . O J 20, R . H , A 12. T . V P H

ffi . T E G M 7. A P

J A 14.

. . . . . . . .

R , ff , ff P

ffi


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Authors Preface

W . S

. A ,

. P P

. F , C A J C C I P H A ( JCC)

T D C , R . T D C Cff. T R

ff. A I R N C

1944 ,

J C C . T JCC

1946 .M P H

C . F (19451946) I P H

P H . F , I P I

. T , H E B I

,

H . O - I

.H - -

A . T


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xiv Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy

. A P H . T J 1941 ,

. F , I

J P H 1941, 11895 S -J W .

E ; ,

. L . H

. A W II ,

.

P H , , , ff

, . T

. A , . T

H , ff ,

. H P H .

Percy L. Greaves, Jr.Summer 1984


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Foreword

O O 28, 1944, W , D.C., I , R , I D L ,1 , R .O 28 . S

.A , ,

ff , U S J P H . F , U

ffi

J U S . T

, W P H J .

R T E. D . B ,

. I J

1L Plain alk, - Te Freeman National Review.

xv


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xvi Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy

, D

J U.S. .

I Life , . B I I

H L , Life , . H D . H

;

R J A 14, 1945, L N Y D . A

, I E R . H

G , . W L S . B I

F L ; I D .I S 1944, , , , C

C , D A C G M . T D J . W

A J T ,

J . A D P H J . D I

, I . M S 24, 1945, Life .L

J C C I P H A ,

T C N 15, 1945, M 31, 1946, . T


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Foreword xvii

,

. I

.I

A D. K . A J N

P H . H W

, , J . H , . K 1944 N C I . B

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W S , D 7.A K NCI, E W

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NCI , S, D 7,

1:00 p.m. W H . H , C

C . W


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C S H F M ,

- . H . M ,

.

. . . . . . . .

P G

R , ff. H C . I

Life , I . H - . O

R C ,

.

P P H . H . H ,

. T . I P P

H .P

A 1984. H , B B G , , . H

, J

, .

John Chamberlain January 1991


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Acknowledgments

A P , P H - (19451946) C J C

I A P H . A C ff,

C . A , H E B

. W ,

1960 , P H . H ,

: A W S. A , G W. C , C D , G B F , A TL. H , A R E. I , C T K. KC R A. L , A A W. M CC C C. M , A B M , A J R. R , A F.W. R , C LF. S ff , V A J F. S , G A W , G C A. W . C S ff

. P W S ff

xix


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N -

J MAGIC . W B , P

P H . H ,

. O -

.

A I , P 1984. H . A , , I . I

- -

. I : R . B , N

E W R A K , Lanakai , R

S C - J , A

K , C T K , .

A , . SR , Te Freeman, . DB

. J M KN J

ffi W , E (E W R )

J W ; J U.S. I

ffi C


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Acknowledgments

S ff

A L B , , I

P ,

P H

I I

- .Bettina Bien Greaves, Editor

(Mrs. Percy L. Greaves. Jr.)


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Part 1

The Seeds of Infamy


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1.U.S. International Policy:

19331940

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Elected President

M 4, 1933, ,

W , . T

P - R , P H

, P A

H . R ffi , , C

U S . H C ffi R

. T D P R

1932

. T , 1929

3


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, R

. C

: T . R

. H .

F

. A M 6, R I . H ,

R. T L N

K -B P . A H G ,

V .O N 16, 1933, U S

U S S R (U T

.1 R

W C. B U.S. U.B

S .

U.S.Far East Relations

T A . J C , M . M J

1F D. R ,Te Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin DelanoRoosevelt, . 1:Te Genesis of the New Deal, 19281932(N Y : RH , 1938), . 472.


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M , J C

C R C C J . A . H

J

1852 U.S. N C M C. P E ( ) B U S

J . A

, P J , L ,

A C R . J C ( S -J W , 18941895) C - K J

B R C (18991901) J B , F , RA , G P . J C J

. H R ,

P , T R -J W (1904) R

M J . J M

C , J , C K

. J . J B U.S

G W (19141918) WN C (N 12, 1921J 12, 1922)

A . T N L N -F


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B -A -J 5:5:3 . I F E , O D ,

C . A C

. J

. J - N L

J U.S. E A (1924) A

W O . M , J 1920 . H , , ff G D U. .

T J M S 18, 1931, C . O J

M T J M ,

C M S1932, J , M .

U.S. S S S J M

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J MP H ;

A F E . I


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A .2 T L N -

M J . J B L

H , 1933 J L .

A 1925 S Y - , S C R , C

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C , C R . W C J , J

S IS ( J 28M 4, 1932). M . U.

C ; J . A , J

, . A C K -

M , J 5,000 . T R

C C C . F , M -

C R A CS C J , C . T K -C ( J 1937)

J P N

P . B .

2 Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947/1948), p. 233.


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Official U.S. Foreign Policy

D 1930 , U.S. . C 1935

. A FDR (S.J. R

173) A 31, 1935, G

U S . T , , . EU.S. R : T G

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I FDR , ,

T Offi N I (ONI) N ,

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.4 I A 10, 1936, - C N O A W D. L

FDR . H J

.5

FDR , , F 1935, N A ,

3R ,Te Public Papers and Addresses, 1935 , . 4, . 34546.4 Jeffrey M. Dorwart, Con ict of Duty: The U.S. Navys Intelligence Dilemma,19191945 (Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1983), p. 65.5R , A 10, 1936 C N OA W D. L . Q D ,Conict of Duty, . 65.


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P H , A

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6Charles A. Beard, American Foreign Policy in the Making, 19321940 (NewHaven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1946), pp. 15675.7R ,Te Public Papers and Addresses, 1936, .5, pp. 28990.


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.8 S G J

C . O N 15, 1936, G -J A -C P .

Prospects for Peace in the Far East?

T J C J1937. P K . K

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I 1937, U.S.S.R. N C ff

SU .9 N , C

J . O J 7, 1937, J

M P B C . T C , J. J

. T

J . H , J . T U.S.

F , C , J S S -J . R C

R J R ,

C . . . 150,000,000 C

8U.S. H C F Aff . Events Leading up to World War II:Chronological History of Certain Major International Events Leading up to and During World War II with the Ostensible Reasons Advanced for their Occurrence,19311944, 78 C ., 2 ., 1944,p. 109.9 Charles Callan Tansill, Back Door to War: The Roosevelt Foreign Policy,19331941 (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1952), p. 456.


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U.S. C . T , U.S. B ,

C I C O 5, 1937, P R :

T , , 90

10D S ,Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers,Te Far East, 1938 (W , D.C.: G P Offi ), . 3,

. 136, 165,et passim.11 Tansill, Back Door to War, p. 460.


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12D S ,Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 19311941(W , D.C.: U.S. G P Offi ), . 38387.13I ., . 38788.


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O D 12, U S

J U.S.S. Panay, U.S. , S O C Y R .

A . H , U A

F E . T , J ffi , , .

S C , . I D1937, J N , . O 50,000 C ,

, 200,000 300,000 J .

Anticipating War in the Pacific

I D FDR A R E. I U.S. W P D , L

ffi B A . AI ,

U S J P ,

B , D , R , C T L U.S.-B

, , , , . T

J 1938. N .14

1479 C ., 1 . J (C ) C I P H A .Pearl Harbor Attack,39 . (W , D.C.:

U.S. G P Offi , 1946),part 9, pp. 427277. Ingersoll testi-mony. After the war started in Europe, the 1938 London document becamea dead cat, as Ingersoll expressed it (p. 4273), because Germany was in thewar. The London conclusions were superseded by the ABC-1 plan for militaryU.S. cooperation with the British, the plan which was developed in Wash-ington in 1941.


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O N 3, 1938, J N O

C , - J , M [ J J -

M ] C .15 P M P K C K -

C . K J

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F E . H , K : T J

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.16 K J

C C C .

J M E I , H K , .

U S I . A J U S M

D W H J A 17 A J F M Y M (1941) J : A

15D S ,Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States: Japan, 19311941(W , D.C.: U.S. G POffi , 1943), . 1, . 478.16I ., . 480.17 J ,Te Rising Sun: Te Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire,19361945 (N Y : R H , 1970), . 56.


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C C .18 I U S , J N O A C . I J

F M (N 7, 1938), A G J . H

U.S. Y R ,

(N 21) C A A

.19 T J C . T H

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W , A .20 I 19371938, C B R

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B R K C YP , C .

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18I ., . 48.19D S , Japan, 19311941, . 807.20 ,Te Rising Sun, . 54.


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ff 1911. U, ,

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21D S ,Peace and War, . 49.22 U.S. Congress, Events, pp. 19899.


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J 26, 1939 . T

J . A 23

War Breaks Out in Europe

O S 1, 1939, G P . B F G

, P . B F

G . W W II .A , FDR

. H S 3 : T N

.24 S 5, P R ffi ,

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.25 O S 11, , FDR

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M 1, 1940.) R , A S N W W I, E

B C .

23 Department of State, Japan, 19311941, p. 189.24 Department of State, Peace and War, p. 485.25U.S. C , Events, . 215.


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U.S. Neutrality Patrol in the Atlantic

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ff , U.S. :

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, .27

A S 8, .28

D N , FDR O 9, 1939,

U.S. N D : W

26F L. L , H D. L , M J ,

Roosevelt and Churchill: Teir Secret Wartime Correspondence (N Y : E.P.D , 1975), . 89.27P A , Mr. Roosevelts Navy: Te Private War of the Atlantic Fleet,1939-1942 (A , M .: N I P , 1975), . 65.28U.S. C , Events, . 216.


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,

D . T E ,

P E - . T , FDR ,

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, . A New York Herald ribune F O

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A E . T

I 30

F N , G C A H P G B F

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,

N A 1939

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O N P U.S. uscaloosa, A ,

G Columbus.Columbus, C E , V C , M . H

GH , B . H D13 , ,

. AColumbus ,uscaloosa -

. I FDR , E G B Hyperion -

. S Columbus D 19, 425 ff C M , N J , . T G

. .uscaloosa

30F D R ,Public Papers, 1939.P F D. R ,Quotations from Franklin Delano Roosevelt (R -

N C , 1940), . 37.31 U.S. Congress, Events , p. 223.


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555 G

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- F . C J

1940.35

32Abbazia, Mr. Roosevelts Navy, p. 74.33 Ibid.34 Department of State, Peace and War, p. 511.35The New York Times , January 7, 1940.


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U. S. Relations with Japan

T J 1911 J

1940. W , U.S.-J . T J

U.S. ffi , , . B

ff , , T C J .

J G EC - N O N . O F 1 J

ff . J , , ,

J .

British Military Procurement and Politics

1940 . FDR .

F FDR ffi ,

H J. M , J . M J -H , E

U S G .36 M

36 As nancial editor from 19341935 of the United States News (predecessorto U.S. News & World Report ), I covered Morgenthau at the Treasury Depart-ment and came to know him well. Morgenthau was a good friend, con dant,and great admirer of FDRs. He could walk unobserved through an under-ground passageway that connected the Treasury to the White House, and heoften did so, to report to FDR or to assume con dential assignments. Morgen-thau had a residence in New York State, not far from FDRs Hyde Park home.He was undoubtedly closer to FDR personally than any other member of thecabinet and didnt hesitate at times to try to in uence him.


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R S

A 1940, A -F PM , B F

. H A N A ,

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. H

ff A 37

B F .38

A U S ffi G G B , M

FDR , U.S. ,

, S W H H W , 1936, C G A A C

H H (H ) A . M .39 A W H M

12, 1940, [ A -F P M ] . . .

40 WD . R M ,

W D . . . . U ffi G . . . . W , [FDR ] A

37 John Morton Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, 19381941 (Boston: Houghton Mif in, 1965), p. 109.

38 Ibid., p. 113.39 Ibid., p. 117.40I ., . 118.


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,

T : A H . M

ff , O , G A 41

A W H FDR B F . H

U.S. . T N D . T

1938 ffi T FDR U.S. E

. T M ,

D P . SM , A .42

I M , FDR C 50,000 .43 H . O C .44 T

FDR . T 50

. FDR 50,000

O A 17, 1940, S S C H

J U.S. I

41 Ibid., pp. 11718.42 This description of the March 12, 1940, White House meeting is based onBlum, From the Morgenthau Diaries , pp.10918. Morgenthau quote appearson p. 118.43R C , M 16, 1940.See U.S. C , Events,

. 239 (M 16, 1940 ). S H. D H , North American Supply(L : H M S Offi ; L , G , 1955), . 127(the of cial British history of World War II).44 Ibid., p.127.


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ff N I

.45 B

S . FDR A

B F . S R

U S ,

. T

S . T AF C - C

A A A 46

T M B .

European War Impacts Asian Situation

A , B B E G

L , B G A

. H S ff F E . S

J B R , . T , C N A

J 18, 194

O 18, 1940.

45 Department of State, Peace and War, pp. 51516.46 Hall, North American Supply, p. 92.


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U F J 1940 N ,

J V F F

I C . T V ,

S 23. T J F I

J .

J A P S 27, 1940, P G I

. G J U.S. ff .

T B J

. T J I J ,

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J CB J 1941 C , , C B B

H K .47 T U.S. $100 C D 1940 -

. B 5 C C S

F C 3 .48

47S. W K , M -G ,Te War Against Japan: Te Loss of Singa- pore (L : H M S Offi , 1957), . 1, . 53.48I ., . 58.


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U.S. Fleet Stationed in Pearl Harbor

O A 2, 1940, U.S. F H . S

M , N U.S. . T M4, C - -C U.S. FA R , C

O S :I LOOKS PROBABLE BU NO FINAL HA HE

FLEE WILL REMAIN IN HAWAIIAN WA ERS FOR SHOR IME AF ER MAY 9 H. 49

T M 7, S R W :

I HAVE REQUES ED PERMISSION O REMAININ HAWAIIAN WA ERS O ACCOMPLISH SOME HINGS I WAN ED O DO WHILE HERE. HEDEPAR MEN HAS APPROVED HIS REQUES .

R

. A

.R . A

F F P , .50 F ,

ffi H , , ,

. 49 James O. Richardson, On theTreadmill to Pearl Harbor (Washington, D.C.:Naval History Division, Department of the Navy, 1973), p. 308.50I ., . 309.


51/960


R N D - - U S F ,

, , ,

.51 H W

E :PRESEN INDICA IONS ARE HA FLEE WILL

REMAIN HAWAIIAN WA ERS FOR SOME IME. 52

R H . H W

.

51I .52I ., . 311. T :

FROM: OPNAV [Offi , C N O ]

O: CINCUS [C - -C , U.S. F ]

SOME BRI ISH AU HORI IES FEEL HA I ALY MAY JOINGERMANY IN AC IVE PAR ICIPA ION IN IMMEDIA EFU URE HIS FEELING IS NO SHARED BY O HER CLOSE OBSERVERS X OUR S A E DEPAR MEN INCLINED O DISAGREE REGARDING DU CH EAS INDIES JAPANHAS MADE WO S A EMEN S WHICH IF AKEN A HEIR FACE VALUE S A E HEY WISH S A US QUO PRESERVED GREA BRI AIN HAS S A ED SHE HAS NO IN EN IONOF IN ERFERING WI H S A US QUO AND HERE IS ANUNCONFIRMED REPOR HA HE FRENCH FOREIGNOFFICE HAS ISSUED A SIMILAR S A EMEN PRESENINDICA IONS ARE HA FLEE WILL REMAIN HAWAIIAN WA ERS FOR SOME IME HOPE O ADVISE YOU MOREDEFINI ELY NEX WEEK


52/960

2.Foreign Relations

in an Election Year

U.S.-British Cooperation

O M 10, 1940, W C

E . H R M 15: A ffi , I

, .1 T

B F P S 1939. A , R

W H ,2 , ffi ,

C , . T , ,

1 F L. L , H D. L , M J , Roosevelt and Churchill: Teir Secret Wartime Correspondence (N Y : E.P.D , 1975), . 94.2 R . L , T W H C MU.S. Naval Proceedings, D 1969, . 63.

29


53/960


C M 15 U S

:I , M . P U S

. . . . A I , -

.

C B :[F] , . . . S ,

. . . . T , - . . F . . . U S .

C : W

, I , ff C U.S.

, G .

T C : S , I J P , S

S A ] .3

R C . . . . I ,

. T C

. W , FDR

C . A , [ ]

3L , ., .,Roosevelt and Churchill , . 9495.


54/960

Foreign Relations in an Election Year 31

G

S . C - A ,

. FDR U.S. I .

U S J , A , A

H , 4C M 15, B . G- ff L H , 15

, 15 A R , H

OPNAV (C N O ) H

5 ( . 2728). I , OPNAV ,

C .

he European Situation Worsensas France Falls

W C. B , FDR U.S.S.R. 1933 U S M 1936 U.S. F .

B 1940, B N .

D E C . E ,

B 84I ., . 9596.5J O. R ,On the readmill to Pearl Harbor (W , D.C.:N H D , D N , 1973), . 311.


55/960


, ( , , ). T , 200,000 B , F , B G (M 26J 4).

B J , G B PR F R J 10: F 6 6 . . . .

P .6 B R (M 31, 1940) F

F M P R F

P W ,

F B E F E . W

.

R U.S. A F M . B ,

[A ] , , M U.S. F PI , FDR R ,

M.7 R , J 13,

R : [ ] G A G

so urgently require, and our efforts to do still more are beingredoubled. 8

6D S ,Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers,1940 (W , D.C.: U.S. G P Offi ), . 1, . 245.7 Te New York imes, A 26, 1970, . 3031.8D S ,Diplomatic Papers, 1940 , . 248.


56/960


W C ,

R , J 14,

9 TR

.A K L :

M R -. . . . I G

A . . . . T C .10

G P J 14, 1940. O J 17 F . F G

. F .

FDR Moves toward a hird erm as President

S F 1940, FDR , G W

U.S. . H , J .B , , FDR

. H ffi -

. R 9J P. L ,Roosevelt and Churchill, 19391941: Te Partnership Tat Saved the West (N Y : W. W. N , 1976), .185.10D S ,Diplomatic Papers, 1940 , . 250.


57/960


S W W N S

C E ,11 FDR E 50 12 ff

R A M. L F K 1936 R

L ff , M . K , N .R R

. H HS . A H S S 1920 , S U S

A . H , Y U

, U S - J G

T , J 18, Te New York imes.FDR ff - .13 W S

imes,FDR , S , . T

S . H S W J 10, 1940.

T ffi U ; N ffi

J 1, 1940, R E

11P -W W II , D D

N , 12J F , Jim Farleys Story(I C .: R S C ., 1948),

. 24143.13H L. S M G B ,On Active Service in Peace and War (N Y : H & B , 1947/8), . 324.


58/960


W

R .S , ,

. H ff . T S S A 1940

, S14

British Secret Agent in the U.S.

B 1940 E G E ;

B ; U- B A

.I J B N Y S W S

ffi N Y R C . O - , S B

I , C S C . I U S . FDR S

, , I .15

S R W . S U.S.-B

F BI (FBI). I , -

W U S

E G J .

14I ., . 34548.15 W S , A Man Called Intrepid: Te Secret War (N Y :H B J , 1976), . 127.


59/960


U.S. Encourages British Military Purchases

B F 1939 N A U.S.

. T

D FDR N D . B F , B

, . R ,

. H B .

O J 3 L L , B US , S D

. B T U K ,

. . . M G ]

. . . . T . T US A L .

R , B -

. T B W ffi L

.16

A U.S. S M ,

[ B ]

16H. D H , North American Supply(L : H M S Offi ; L , G , 1955), . 243.


60/960


.17 M B

. I -J B , S F P , W

. T B M [ ] B . . . E

.18 O J 24, M A P ,

A -F P M , . Y B 3,000

; [W S.] K [ C N D ], . . . . D

. . . . [Y] . . . . Y ff; 3,000 K

ff

. . . K 3,000 I .As he recalled later, The tactic worked. 19

O J 25, M B

: . B

U S ; , , . . . . T [B ]

. . . . I U S G ;

U S .20

17J M B ,From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, 1938 1941 (B : H M ffl , 1965), . 171.

18I ., .170.19I ., .175.20H , North American Supply, . 25152.


61/960


Y M ,

[ ] , , B .

P , B ffi W E , M

B . T ff , M

A E . A , B ,

A .21

1940 U S . T B N

.22 M , B

N , P J . T

.23 B B

L U S , B ffi

U.S. . I B U S U

A B ,

. T [ A A

B

21B ,From the Morgenthau Diaries, . 17071.22H , North American Supply, . 252.23I ., .250.


62/960


.24 S U S ff

B, ,

U S , ff B - A

Secret U.S.-British Staff Conversations

A B , L L A 6 FDR L ff

U.S. ffi , N , AA F A C N O , R AR L. G ; C A W P DM G G V. S ; C G

GHQ A F , M G D C. E . T

.O

U S

B G .25 B - B ,

. T B . L L

.26

24R.S. S ,Financial Policy, 19391945 (L : H M S Offi , 1956), . 369.25M S W ,Te War Department: Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations(W , D.C.: D A , H D

, 1950), . 115.26I ., . 118.


63/960


rade reaty with Japan Ended

A U S J J 26, 1940, R , J 5, 1941

, , J . T J 31,

. F , U.S.-J

T , E E , 1940. O J , J C. G , FDR

J U S ,

, , J . J .

, .

Japanese Diplomatic Code Broken

I A U.S. A N J . J

,

. W ,

. E

J

J . A


64/960


. I N

C L.F. S ff A S C , , .27

A J , J

. W J P

MAGIC.

Destroyers-for-Bases Deal

T C M 15

27C S ff , -P H ,

J . , P 1940,

, -P H .A D K (Te Codebreakers: Te Story of Secret Writing ,

L : W & N , 1967, . 10, 388, 50304):

C L F. S ff . . . N -- . . . . O

M -P S D - N A ,

B A U- . . . . H [S ff OP-20-G ,

E H , N ,

. . . . [H] N . . . . T C L F. S ff

OP-20-G N -, U S ,

A - - U- .


65/960


FDR

C H , C N O S

.S , - ffi . H

, ff . H A 1903

H R 1913, FDR

N P W W . S FDR M

C , C M . T

.R S

. I 1939, FDR C N OFDR S

C.N.O. . . . [Y] I . M

A I !28

Stark took over as CNO on August 1, 1939.29

W U.S. B , S . A N

C N O

S ;

28F D R ,F.D.R.: His Personal Letters, 19281945 (N Y : D , S P , 1950), . 2, . 864.29J A. F , Administration of the Navy Department in World War II (W -

, D.C.: U.S. G P Offi , 1949), . 46 .


66/960


A P .30 I , S

FDR . A , . FDR

C B

S .S FDR . T , A

B M , B Y D ,

ffi , ffi . H S

. S M . T U S - E . S

, FDR , 31

T 50 U.S. 99- G B (NB , B , C ( J , S . L , A ), B G .32 S

. . . U S ,

30P A , Mr. Roosevelts Navy: Te Private War of the Atlantic Fleet,1939-1942 (A , M .: N I P , 1975), . 9295.31 T - FDR

. S P H ( , D 10, 1962). T

D 1941. M , B Y D , . W

, S . M

, J . A ( Administration of the Navy Department in World War II , . 426)

32W K ,Battle Report: Te Atlantic War (N Y : F & R ,1943), . 25.


67/960


. W

; .33 T S 3 R . T , ,

H MG U K

U S U S ff

A W H . . . U S

C B G .34

T U.S. , , B H S

9. L . T N S

A B

T N A B . T

N 26.35

33I ., . 15.3454 S P . 2, 2405, U.S. H C F Aff Events Leading up to World War II: Chronological History of Certain Major International Events Leading up to and During World War II with the Ostensible Reasons Advanced for their Occurrence, 19311944,78 C ., 2 ., 1944,

. 255; U.S. D N , N H D , Offi C N O ,United States Naval Chronology, World War II (W -

, D.C.: G P Offi , 1955), . 5. S D S ,Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 19311941(W ,

D.C.: U.S. G P Offi , 1943), . 56465.35A , Mr. Roosevelts Navy, . 98102.


68/960


O N 1 A S

U.S. N P P F A F .

Retaining the Fleet at Pearl Harbor

T U.S. F , A1940, , M H T - - , A R ,

, . T H J R W

F P H . H

, , ff

.R P H

ffi . H , , , . H

B

P H . I ,

, .36 R ,

(H ) N (K ), C N O (SC B N (C W. N ),A C S ff (G C. M ),

, C . H H

36R ,On the readmill , . 30718, 38395.


69/960


. H S - S D , S H ,

F I .37

R W O , S N , W ,

P . T B B R C . R J

I J , , ff J A ,

H

R K . T S , , K ,

R ; ff ,

.38

R . W FDR , . R

. R

FDR 39

3779 C ., 1 . J (C ) C I P H A .Pearl Harbor Attack,39 . (W , D.C.:

U.S. G P Offi , 1946), 1, . 297.38R ,On the readmill , . 399400.39I ., . 434.


70/960


R

H , P . T

H J . A R

ff , J U.S. F H

. H , : D

, I H, , J .40

R

. H J T , K P

[ A S ], D E I

, P ,

.41

T [ ] R ,

[I] - , - ,

. I 1940 P E ,

N , ,

40I ., . 425, 427.41I ., . 427; R J CC 1945, .


71/960


, -

. . . .F ,

[ F ], I [R ]

: M . P , I I ffi N

P . T , , J ,

, , .42

Financing of British Arms Purchases Assured

T B . T B

. T L .43 I ffi . E

B L A ,

A R . . . . H -O B A . H

.44

O O 14 L L , B , R M B

P

42I ., . 43435.43H , North American Supply, . 253.44I ., . 249.


72/960


. L

.45 S E .

T [ B ] , ,

. T A L , [U.S.]

A .46

T B U S .

B , ffi

. O 20 O P [B

W ] - SM

9,000 . I P [S W ] L

R F C

. A ff WD . T - D .47

FDR Winds Up His Election Campaign

A , R

S . F , C S

45I ., . 250.46I ., . 253.47I ., . 254.


73/960


I , . I -

I . I , , , [D P

, C . I :

W , A ,

A , .48

W R B ff U.S. G

A . O O 23, P :49

R D , , I : Y S

S .

W .

W . I I

P P . . . .

I I : I .

48F D R ,Te Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin DelanoRoosevelt, . 1:Te Genesis of the New Deal, 19281932(N Y : RH , 1940), . 313; C A. B , American Foreign Policy in the Making:19321940 (N H , C .: Y U P , 1946), . 31314.49R ,Public Papers, 1940, . 488ff. P F DR ,Quotations from Franklin Delano Roosevelt, July 1940August 1,1944 , R N C , S 1944, . 50. S B American Foreign Policy in the Making , . 31415.


74/960


T O 30, FDR

B :50

A I , I .

I , I :

Y .

T ,

.

T .

R S, N 2, B ff , N Y , S ,

N 3, C , O . I B ff , , Y .51 A

, N 3, C:52

T

. . . . A [ ] ;

A .

50R ,Public Papers, 19281932, . 517; B , American Foreign Policyin the Making, . 316.51R ,Public Papers, 19281932, . 543ff.; B , American ForeignPolicy in the Making, . 317.52R ,Public Papers, 19281932, . 546ff.; B , American ForeignPolicy in the Making, . 318.


75/960


. F , FDR

B U.S. G . A

A U S

. T

. S A B , - R ,

. R W H B

1940 . T A . . . . T -

, B ,

.53

53 W C. B , H W W W L P , 2 Life (A 30, 1948), . 8397; (S 6, 1948), . 86103.


76/960

3.U.S. Ties to Britain

Strengthened

FDRs Re-election a Victory for Britain

O N 5, 1940, P R

, R W WH , 19 R A L . W

FDR E . J - B P A P

E . R B C -

, FDR A ; .1

1H. D H , North American Supply(L : H M S Offi ; L , G , 1955), . 25657.

53


77/960


O N 8 SSCity of Rayville U.S.

W W II.2 I G A B S . F

.M , U.S.

O N 4 C N O S

N . I ,

N 12, S (A) A [ ] (B) J ,

A ; (C) ; (D) ff A

[ ] P .

Stark then argued for his fourth plan, Plan D or Plan Dog as itwas known in service lingo. 3

U.S. Aid to the British

[A ] U S [S ] U S

A N ff

B L , C W . . . B D S B ,

ff U S .4

2U.S. D N , N H D , Offi CN O ,United States Naval Chronology, World War II (W ,D.C.: G P Offi , 1955), . 6.3M S W ,Te War Department: Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations(W , D.C.: D A , H D

, 1950), . 119.4I .


78/960

U.S. Ties to Britain Strengthened 55

B A L L

O U S E

O W N 23, . W , , , B ;

.5 FDR, M , C .6 I , L

L L

A . . . . . .

. . . . I

, . I

.7

A , S W L , - B ,

S M I O O . T B $2,062

$699 C I N P C .8 M

FDR . R ,

, B.

5F L. L , H D. L , M J , .Roosevelt and Churchill: Teir Secret Wartime Correspondence (N Y : E.P. D ,

1975), . 125 .6 J P. L ,Roosevelt and Churchill, 19391941: Te Partnership Tat Saved the West (N Y : W. W. N , 1976), . 261.7H , North American Supply, . 258.8I ., . 259.


79/960


R uscaloosa - .9 W , 4,000- C A A

2,000 , , . C

G B . T

.10 T FDR.

S , B I , U.S.-B 1940 -

.11 I , U S B

, U.S. N A R

U S

.

Lend-Lease for Peace

I B - - . FDR

E . F , - . O

- -B I , :

9L ,Roosevelt and Churchill, 19391941, . 26162.10L , .,Roosevelt and Churchill: Teir Secret Wartime Correspon-dence , . 125.11W S , A Man Called Intrepid: Te Secret War (N Y :H B J , 1976), . 155.


80/960


[I] . . . I

, I , I . H C I

B 12

T - B U.S. .

A FDR , G U.S. U K

.13

D D 29 , R H :

T N G

E , E

T U S , :

T A EF . T

G . Y ,, E

. O . I

. . . . W . F

12 W C. B , H W W W L P . 2 Life (A 30, 1948), . 8397; (S 6, 1948), . 86103. S L ,Roosevelt and Churchill, 19391941, . 263.13U.S. H C F Aff . Events Leading up to World War II: Chronological History of Certain Major International Events Leading up toand During World War II with the Ostensible Reasons Advanced for their Occur-rence, 19311944,78 C ., 2 ., 1944, . 1, 5.


81/960


. W

, , , .14

FDR - C 1941. A New York imes A K

,

C , E , U S , , ,

W W II.

F K , .

[I]

C P J ; L -L A U S

EO .15

M - , B A16 T

H F 8, S M 8 M 11, 1941.

14D S ,Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 19311941 (W , D.C.: U.S. G P Offi , 1943), . 599607.15A K ,Te Consent of the Governed, and Other Deceits(B : L ,B , 1971), . 40.16J M B ,From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, 1938 1941 (B : H M ffl , 1965), . 221ff.


82/960


Meanwhile in the Far East

T U S $100 C - - .17 T ,

J 1941, B C , , C

B B H K .18 M , U.S.A A C C C C

F B J , FDR . O A 15, 1941,

R ffi A A C , N

M A C AV G . S U.S. J

C , ffi . TC A M C C

A ,

C .19

A B D

F E , J T , ,

17S. W K ,Te War Againt Japan, . 1:Te Loss of Singapore (L : H M S Offi , 1957), . 38.18I ., . 5354.19J , Infamy: Pearl Harbor and Its Aftermath(G C , N.Y.:D , 1982). (1983 B P , N Y , P A 21, 1982, . 127 .)


83/960


C .20 O A 13,

1941, J R .21

U.S. War Planning with Britain

S U.S.-B ff , W J 29 M 27, 1941,

. (A ffi B L J 1938, E

, A 1940, E G .) T B ffi

T ABC (AB -C ) ,

A P M C . T ,

M 22

20 T J

: M S U , ;

N E I , U

S ; I -C , , , S

M , US B

. (K ,Te War Against Japan, . 59)

21I ., . 61.2279 C ., 1 . J (C ) C I

P H A .Pearl Harbor Attack,39 . (W , D.C.:


84/960


T W , ABC-1,

L (1938) U S . I I J

, M F E . T U S

F E , US P F ff

J , M 23 J M . A , U A M

B C F E .24

A R K , N

, . A,

U.S. G P Offi , 1946), 15, . 1488. S 15, 149192:

I : I J ,

M F E . T U S M F U S P F ff

J , M J

M . T U S A M

B C F E .

23 T M , I , ff A , NB , J , S , S M P . S C ,Pearl Harbor Attack, 6, . 2864.24 J C ,Pearl Harbor Attack, 15, . 1485550.


85/960


- , , , ,

BC U S . O

B , WPL-46 [U.S. N ] A

J B , S W N P . T N

M 1941, A

A .25

,

T ff P G , .

N D , J G ,

, US , , ff G

U K E .26

T ffi U.S.-B E G .

I N A ffi U S

G .

25J C ,Pearl Harbor Attack, 26, . 264; H I ; 15, . 1485. P U S -BS ff C R : S N K 28, 1941, S W S J 2, 1941.26 J C ,Pearl Harbor Attack, 26, . 26465;

H I .


86/960


he Undeclared Battle of the Atlantic

T G D A 91940. E U S

G , D A A 9, 1941 US D , G

-A

A C .27

FDR C A 11 U S

B A . ,

W

. . . . W

[ ] .28

T , U.S. G W W II,

. T U.S. Niblack H I ,

I , G . SOS D

G . Niblack . W

Niblack , 29 T

.

27D S ,Peace and War, . 642; U.S. C , Events, . 277.28L , .,Roosevelt and Churchill: Teir Secret Wartime Correspon-dence , . 137.29P A , Mr. Roosevelts Navy: Te Private War of the Atlantic Fleet,19391942 (A , M .: N I P , 1975), . 19196.


87/960


O A , A H

U S . O A

. T - - , AE R , S . H R M 22,

W . E A . . . . W

only if US ships re the rst shot .30

I A , R A 200 300 ,

G 26 , ,31 20

.32 T A B A . A

A F P F , P H A .

B M , U.S. N B

- . O M 26 , L B. S , U.S.- PBY (CP B ) A , 690 B (F ), Bismarck, G .A , Bismarck

B B Hood. W ,

A PBY U.S. , B , . TBismarck

, . S

30I ., . 164, 176.31I ., . 154.32D N ,United States Naval Chronology, World War II , . 26.


88/960


M 27, ; 2,0

ffi .33 T U.S. G

, Robin Moor, S A M 21. N B J 11. R B , B ffi W , P , H H ,

U.S. , FDR 34O J 6 R

.35 G , I , D

M 30 .

T J 14 R A US . U S

G I ff J 10,

.36

FDR N A . I , B

G R J 21, 1941, FDR

S U R S -

, R B G . A

33A , Mr. Roosevelts Navy, . 18489.34L. L S. E G ,Te Undeclared War (L : R I -

I Aff , 1953), . 51920.35D N ,United States Naval Chronology, World War II , . 9. S

U.S. C , Events, . 283.36I . . 284.


89/960


U S S

C . B

U.S. J , S

A , R U S

O J 1 R

I , I

I N W

W H .

O J 7, U S I .37T I 38

he U.S. Begins Escorting British Ships

T U.S. B A

1941. S J , E . H

U.S. B H . T J 2

A F I

.

37I ., . 288; D S ,Peace and War, . 68687.38A , Mr. Roosevelts Navy, . 201.


90/960


J ,39 A 20,

U.S. A B N A I .40

T , B G

H P A

. . . P G

B A . I , L -L

.41

Roosevelt Meets Churchill; hey Discuss Japans hreatening Encroachment

on British in Far EastI A 1941 FDR

W . H C G Calypso ff

M . T A Augusta, N .

C , E B Prince of Wales, N . T

P B , ff A , N T , A 9 12, ,

, O A 11 C L A

FDR. H

39I ., . 21316.40L G ,Te Undeclared War , . 665.41A , Mr. Roosevelts Navy, . 216.


91/960


ff , A E , R

[ J ] , , , S J

. B J , I -C

C . H J . T

, P .

C E :

A N P J A

: A J S P U S G

- , U S J .42

D , FDR C C

, A ,

J . C R U S G -I

C A

. H , C

ffi : H C E , C . A

42 W C ,Te Grand Alliance (B : H M ffl , 1950),. 43941.


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93/960


he Undeclared Battle ofthe Atlantic Continues

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98/960

4.U.S. Military Plansand Preparations

U.S. Relations with Japan

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99/960


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100/960

U.S. Military Plans and Preparations 77

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.5

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Army Chief of StaffGeneral George C. Marshall

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102/960


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103/960


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104/960


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for the FleetM L G W C. S

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105/960


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106/960


Admiral Kimmel, New Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet, Strives to Build up

Fleets Strength in Pearl Harbor

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107/960


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108/960


Admiral Stark Opposes Antagonizing Japan

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109/960


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111/960


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112/960


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113/960


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114/960


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116/960


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117/960


Coordination of U.S. War Plans andProduction

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, 1950), . 33637.


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119/960


R S S H ,

, . T J C 39 O J 21, H , J A

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Hitlers Invasion of Russia Alters Situationand Expands Call for Worldwide Coordination

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T M W M ,

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U.S.-Japan Relations reading the Evil Road

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Pearl Harbor. the Seeds and Fruits of Infamy. Percy L. Greaves Jr.

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