Peace Corps Teacher Training: A Training Guide

7/30/2019 Peace Corps Teacher Training: A Training Guide

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]he`ghr trecncni4 E trecncni iucmh

Zhe`h @krps Ko ]gh Xncthm Pteths Cnokrfetckn @kllh`tckn / Hx`genih

CNOKQFE]CKN @KLLH@]CKN / HW@GENIH

Zhe`h @krps Cnokrfetckn @kllh`tckn / Hx`genih 'C@H wes hstealcsghm sk tget tgh strethichs enm

th`gnklkichs mhvhlkphm ay Zhe`h @krps _klunthhrs, tghcr `k&wkrbhrs, enm tghcr `kunthrperts`kulm ah femh eveclealh tk tgh wcmh renih ko mhvhlkpfhnt krienczetckns enm cnmcvcmuel wkrbhrswgk fcigt ocnm tghf ushoul. ]recncni iucmhs, ùrrcùle, lhsskn plens, prkdh`t rhpkrts, fenuels enmktghr Zhe`h @krps&ihnhrethm fethrcels mhvhlkphm cn tgh ochlm erh `kllh`thm enm rhvchwhm. Pkfherh rhprcnthm !es cs!2 ktghrs prkvcmh e skur`h ko ochlm aeshm cnokrfetckn okr tgh prkmu`tckn kofenuels kr okr rhsher`g cn pertcùler prkiref erhes. Fethrcels tget yku suafct tk tgh Cnokrfetckn@kllh`tckn / Hx`genih tgus ah`kfh pert ko tgh Zhe`h @krps lerihr `kntrcautckn tk mhvhlkpfhnt.

Cnokrfetckn eakut C@H pualcètckns enm shrvc`hs cs eveclealh tgrkuig4

Zhe`h @krpsCnokrfetckn @kllh`tckn / Hx`genih

5555 & 1:tg Ptrhht, NY

Yesgcnitkn, M@ 1:81?XPE

Yhascth4 gttp4++www.phe`h`krps.ikv]hlhpgknh 4 5&1:1&?31&1?=:

Oex 4 5&1:1& ?31&1?=5

Emm ykur hxphrchn`h tk tgh C@H Qhskur`h @hnthr. Phnm fethrcels tget ykuvh prhperhm sk tget whèn sgerh tghf wctg ktghrs wkrbcni cn tgh mhvhlkpfhnt ochlm. Skur th`gncèl cnscigts shrvh es tghaescs okr tgh ihnhretckn ko C@H fenuels, rhprcnts enm rhskur`h pe`bhts, enm elsk hnsurh tget C@Hcs prkvcmcni tgh fkst upmethm, cnnkvetcvh prkalhf&sklvcni th`gncquhs enm cnokrfetckn eveclealh tk

yku enm ykur ohllkw mhvhlkpfhnt wkrbhrs.

Zrhperhm okr tgh Zhe`h @krps ay tgh @hnthr okr Cnthrnetcknel Hmuètckn Xncvhrscty ko

Fesse`gushtts

]gcs fenuel fey ah rhprkmu`hm enm+kr trenslethm cn pert kr cn oull wctgkut peyfhnt kr rkyelty.Zlhesh icvh stenmerm e`bnkwlhmihfhnt.

E`bnkwlhmihfhnts

]gcs ]he`ghr ]recncni Iucmh, lcbh tgh e``kfpenycni ]he`ghr ]recncni Qhohrhn`h Fenuel, wesmhvhlkphm tgrkuig tgh `klleakretcvh hookrts ko e thef ko cnmcvcmuels et tgh @hnthr okr CnthrnetcknelHmuètckn, Xncvhrscty ko Fesse`gushtts, Efghrst. Ct wes prkmu`hm unmhr `kntre`t tk enm cnessk`cetckn wctg tgh Hmuètckn Ph`tkr cn tgh Kooc`h ko ]recncni enm Zrkiref Puppkrt, Zhe`h@krps, Yesgcnitkn.

Yh erh irethoul tk tgh okllkwcni @knthnt Pph`celcsts wgk `kntrcauthm tghcr bnkwlhmih enmhxphrtcsh ay rhsher`gcni enm wrctcni kn shlh`thm tkpc`s4 Denh ]. Ahnakw, Zeul Hnilhsahri,Qkahrt Oumhrc`g, Ferclyn Icllhspch, Fkgeffhm Oereg E. Ikkm, Mewn @krmkn, Ferb Lynm, MevcmP. F`@urry enm Mkuiles Zessencsc, Mevcm F`@urry elsk shrvhm es Zrkmu`tckn @kkrmcnetkr, enmmhscinhm enm prkmu`hm tgh cllustretckns, `gerts enm ktghr irepgc`s.

Yh wkulm lcbh tk tgenb tgh @hnthr okr Cnthrnetcknel Hmuètckn okr cts th`gncèl enm fethrcel suppkrtmurcni tgh prkdh`t. Zrkohsskrs Ihkrih H. Xr`g enm Qkahrt D. Fcltz, tgh Zrcn`cpel Cnvhstcietkrs kotgh prkdh`t, prkvcmhm bhy hmctkrcel enm `knthnt cnput murcni tgh herly mreots ko tgh ]recncni Iucmh.


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Pph`cel tgenbs ik tk Aknnch Fullcncx, Zrkdh`t Feneihr, wgk sphnt feny gkurs hmctcni he`g mreotko tgh ]recncni Iucmh. Yctgkut ghr `knstent emvc`h enm esscsten`h, tgh prkdh`t wkulm gevh ahhn eokrfcmealh tesb.

]gh ]recncni Iucmh wes pclkt thsthm cn Phnhiel. Yh irethoully e`bnkwlhmih tgh Zhe`h @krpsPhnhiel `kuntry steoo, prh&shrvc`h trecnhhs, vklunthhrs enm Phnhielhsh )`knshcllhrs pmeikicquhs)wgk esscsthm cn tgh pclkt thst.

Ocnelly, e wkrm ko tgenbs tk Dkgn Iuhvcn, Hmuètckn Pph`celcst wctg tgh Kooc`h ko ]recncni enmZrkiref Puppkrt. Dkgn e`thm nkt knly es Zhe`h @krps Zrkdh`t Feneihr, aut es `rctc`, hmctkr, `k&trecnhr enm orchnm es whll. Gcs suppkrt enm cnscigt murcni aktg tgh wrctcni enm pclkt thst wescnveluealh.

Cn feny weys, tgcs ]recncni Iucmh cs e icot orkf pest Zhe`h @krps _klunthhrs tk outurh knhs. Yhgkph ct wcll hqucp yku tk sgerh ykur sbclls enm hxphrtcsh wctg ktghrs erkunm tgh wkrlm.

Ennh&Leurhn`h Mkmih & ]recncni @kkrmcnetkr

Cntrkmu`tckn

]recncni kutlcnh

Zhe`h @krps enm ]he`ghr ]recncni

]gh ocrst ko Zhe`h @krps)s tgrhh stethm ikels cs !tk ghlp mhvhlkpcni `kuntrchs fhht tghcr nhhms okrtrecnhm fenpkwhr.! Enelkikus tk tgcs ikel cs tgh en`chnt prkvhra 'enm `kffknly&`cthm Zhe`h@krps pgclkskpgy4

Co yku icvh phkplh ocsg, tghy wcll het okr e mey4 co yku the`g tghf gkw tk ocsg tghy wcll het okr elcohtcfh.

Zhe`h @krps the`ghr recncni ecfs tk mk dust tgcs & cn tgcs èsh, tk trecn hnkuig lkèl the`ghrs tk

fhht e `kuntry)s the`gcni nhhms. ]gcs cs en cfpkrtent ocrst sthp cn orhhcni `kuntrchs orkf tghcrrhlcen`h kn Zhe`h @krps enm ktghr hxpetrceth the`ghrs.

@urrhntly, eakut 18 phr`hnt ko Zhe`h @krps Hmuètckn _klunthhrs erh cnvklvhm cn the`ghr trecncnie`tcvctchs. ]ghsh e`tcvctchs tebh feny okrfs enm k`ùr ell kvhr tgh wkrlm. Cn !gh okrfel sh`tkr,_klunthhrs erh wkrbcni wctg netcknel the`ghr trecncni `kllhihs, steth uncvhrsctchs enm netcknelfcncstrchs kr eihn`chs tk trecn gkst `kuntry `kunthrperts cn e wcmh verchty ko suadh`t erhes. ]ghsherhes renih orkf Hnilcsg es e Okrhcin Leniueih 'HOL fhtgkmklkiy, tk fetg enm s`chn`hhmuètckn, pgyscèl hmuètckn, sph`cel hmuètckn enm prcfery hmuètckn.

Cn tgh cnokrfel sh`tkr, vklunthhrs erh krienczcni enm mhscincni tghcr kwn the`ghr trecncniprkirefs. Yghtghr tghsh prkirefs erh sht up eothr `less e`tcvctchs ht tgh _klunthhr)s s`gkkl, esquerthrly trecncni wkrbsgkps cn rurel vclleih `lusthr erhes, kr es en cnthirethm pert ko tgh s`gkkl)sthe`gcni rkutcnh, tgh rhsult cs tget cnokrfetckn enm cnnkvetcvh fhtgkmklkiy cs trensfctthm tk rhfkth

erhes ell erkunm tgh wkrlm.

Qhiermlhss ko tgh `knthxt, tgcs ]recncni Iucmh cs mhscinhm tk ghlp Zhe`h @krps _klunthhrs ahfkrh hooh`tcvh the`ghr trecnhrs. Ct wcll ghlp tghf mcs`kvhr tget trecncni nkt knly cnvklvhs tghtrensohr ko th`gncèl bnkwlhmih, aut cs e stcfuletcni enm hx`ctcni hxphrchn`h es whll.

GKY ]K XPH ]GCP ]QECNCNI IXCMH

]he`ghr ]recncni4 E ]recncni Iucmh cs mhscinhm tk e``kfpeny ]he`ghr ]recncni4 E Qhohrhn`hFenuel. He`g ko tgh trecncni shssckns rhleths mcrh`tly tk sh`tckns ko tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel. ]gh


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]recncni Iucmh cs h&hnmhm tk oefclcerczh tgh Zhe`h @krps the`ghr trecnhr wctg tgh `knthnt ko tghQhohrhn`h Fenuel, enm tk lhern weys ko trecncni ktghrs cn tget `knthnt.

]gh ]recncni Iucmh `knscsts ko twk fedkr perts4 en cntrkmu`tckn enm tgh trecncni shssckn mhscins.]gh cntrkmu`tckn mcsùsshs verckus epplcètckns okr tgh ]recncni Iucmh enm cn`lumhs e sht kotrecnhrs nkths. He`g ko tgh trecncni shssckn mhscins cn`lumhs en kutlcnh ko tgh shssckn, e shsscknplen enm ette`gfhnts.

]gh ]recncni Iucmh fey ah ushm cn twk mcoohrhnt weys4

5 es e prh&shrvc`h kr cn&shrvc`h trecncni prkiref okr Zhe`h @krps _klunthhrs wgk gevh ahhnesscinhm tk ah the`ghr trecnhrs, kr

1 es e fkmhl okr cn&shrvc`h trecncni prkirefs okr Gkst @kuntry the`ghrs.

]recncni ko ]he`ghr ]recnhrs

]gh ]recncni ko ]he`ghr ]recnhrs 'prh&shrvc`h kr cn&shrvc`h cs mhscinhm es e scx mey, cnthnscvhprkiref `knscstcni ko 59 shssckns. ]gh okllkwcni cs e s`ghfetc` fkmhl ko tgh prkiref.

]gh shssckns cn tgh sgemhm akxhs okùs kn tgh trecncni ko the`ghr trecnhrs. ]gh ecf ko tghshshssckns cs tk trecn tgh Zhe`h @krps _klunthhr tk ah e fkrh hooh`tcvh the`ghr trecnhr.

]gh shssckns cn tgh unsgemhm akxhs okùs kn tgh tghkry enm pre`tcèl epplcètckn ko aesc`hmuètcknel prcn`cplhs. ]gh ecf ko tghsh shssckns cs tk trecn tgh _klunthhr cn tghsh `knthnt erhes.

E ]QECNCNI MHPCIN OKQ ]HE@GHQ ]QECNHQPZ@_ es ethe`ghrtrecnhr '3:fcn.

Kadh`tcvhs'3: fcn.

Fethrcelsmhvhlkpfhntgrs '3: fcn

Fc`rkthe`gcni'0 grs

]recncnimhscin'0 grs

@klleakretckn'3: fcn.

Emultlherncni '3:fcn

Lhssknplenncni'3: fcn

@lessrkkffeneihfhnt'3: fcn

Hveluetckn'3: fcn.

Epprke`ghstk the`gcni'3: fcn

]he`gcnith`gncquhs'0 grs

Esshssfhnt'3: fcn.

]recncnifhtgkms/Lherncnie`tcvctchs'0 grs

]recncnimhscin'`knt.'0 grs

@gclm enmemklhs`hntlherncni '3:fcn.

@lcncèlsuphrvcsckn'3: fcn.

Hveluetckn '0: fcn

]recncni ko ]he`ghrs

]gcs ]recncni Iucmh èn elsk ah ushm es e prkiref okr tgh trecncni ko gkst `kuntry the`ghrs. ]ghunsgemhm shssckns eakvh èn ah cfplhfhnthm es okllkws4

& En cnthnscvh tgrhh&mey kursh 's`ghfetcèlly kutlcnhm ahlkw,& E scx mey prkiref, kr& Yhhbly shfcners ghlm kvhr e scx whhb phrckm.

]QECNCNI KO ]HE@GHQPEpprke`ghs tk ]he`gcni '5 [ grs ]he`gcni th`gncquhs '0 grs Esshssfhnt '5 [ grs


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@gclm enm Emklhs`hnt Lherncni '5 [ grs Fc`rk&]he`gcni '5 [ grsKadh`tcvhs '5 [ grs Fethrcels Mhvhlkpfhnt '5 [ grs Fc`rk&]he`gcni '5 [ grsLhsskn Zlenncni '5 [ grs @lessrkkf Feneihfhnt '5 [ grs @klleakretckn '5 [ grs

H_ELXE]CKN '[ gr

Gkwhvhr cfplhfhnthm, tgh ecf ko tgh prkiref cs tk upiremh e the`ghrs unmhrstenmcni enm

pre`tcèl epplcètckn ko aesc` hmuètcknel tghkry.

_klunthhrs shrvcni es the`ghr trecnhrs sgkulm ush tgcs prkiref es e iucmh, wgc`g èn ah hesclyemepthm tk fhht sph`coc` nhhms enm sctuetckns. Ocrst, co tgh the`ghrs tk ah trecnhm bnkw lcttlh eakuttgh `knthnt erhe ahcni prhshnthm, tgh _klunthhr sgkulm ush tgh shssckns kutlcnhm ghrh es e fkmhlwgc`g fey ah hxpenmhm. Okr cnsten`h, Cnsthem ko mkcni Cnstru`tcknel Kadh`tcvhs cn knh enm egelo gkurs, hxpenm ct cntk e tgrhh&gkur shssckn4 kr `knmu`t twk kr tgrhh sgkrt shssckns knEpprke`ghs tk ]he`gcni kr @lessrkkf ]he`gcni ]h`gncquhs.

Ph`knm, _klunthhrs trecncni gkst `kuntry the`ghrs wcll nhhm tk mhscin tghcr kwn cntrkmu`tkry+hxph`tetckns shssckn enm hveluetckns. ]gh shssckns cn tgh ]recncni Iucmh erh sph`cocèllymhscinhm okr trecncni Zhe`h @krps _klunthhrs tk ah the`ghr trecnhrs.

]QECNHQP NK]HP

]recncni mhscin

]gh ]recncni Iucmh cs aeshm kn shvhrel essufptckns. Ocrst, tgh ]recncni ko ]he`ghr ]recnhrsprkiref ges ahhn mhscinhm enm wrctthn okr e gkfkihnhkus eumchn`h2 Zhe`h @krps _klunthhrs,ell ko wgkf gevh gem hxphrchn`h es the`ghrs. Sku es tgh trecnhr wcll gevh tk febh emdustfhnts cnaktg cnmcvcmuel shssckns enm tgh trecncni mhscin co4

& Gkst `kuntry netcknels erh prhshnt.& Zrh&shrvc`h enm cn&shrvc`h _klunthhrs erh aktg prhshnt.& _klunthhrs wgk erh `knmu`tcni okrfel enm cnokrfel the`ghr trecncni prkirefs erh aktgprhshnt.& ]gh irkup cs lerihr kr sfellhr tgen tgh 5? tk 1= pertc`cpents okr wgc`g tgcs prkiref csmhscinhm.

Ph`knm, es tgh trecncni prkiref cs aeshm kn ]he`ghr ]recncni4 E Qhohrhn`h Fenuel, ct csessufhm tget hvhry pertc`cpent wcll gevh e `kpy ko tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel wctg gcf+ghr et tghtrecncni.

]gcrm, ahèush tgh trecncni prkiref cs mhscinhm tk ah ushm wghrhvhr Zhe`h @krps _klunthhrs erhshrvcni es the`ghr trecnhrs, ct cs cfpkrtent tget ct ah emepthm. Sku sgkulm ush ùlturelly rhlhventhxefplhs wghnhvhr pksscalh, enm `knscmhr tgh fethrcels lcsthm cn he`g shssckn esrh`kffhnmetckns. Sku wcll kavckusly ah rhstrc`thm tk wgethvhr supplchs erh eveclealh, sk ah`rhetcvh.

Okurtg, tgh prkiref cs cnthnscvh enm mhscinhm tk ah cfplhfhnthm ay e fcncfuf ko twk trecnhrs2tgrhh trecnhrs erh rh`kffhnmhm. Arheb tcfhs enm fhel tcfhs erh nkt cn`lumhm cn tgh prkiref.

Ocnelly, ct cs essufhm tget eny trecncni prkiref wcll cn`lumh kphncni enm `lkscni `hrhfknchs, enmrh`rhetcknel enm hvhncni hvhnts. ]ghsh sgkulm ah plennhm cn&`kuntry ay aktg tgh trecncnipertc`cpents enm tgh prkiref steoo.

]recncni ]h`gncquhs

]k esscst tgh trecnhr, he`g shssckn cs wrctthn cn irhet mhtecl. Nkths kn gkw he`g th`gncquh csprhshnthm cn tgh `knthxt ko tgcs trecncni prkiref erh prkvcmhm. Ourtghr mhtecls kn gkw tkcfplhfhnt tghsh th`gncquhs erh kutlcnhm cn @gepthr 5 ko tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel unmhr ]recncni


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]h`gncquhs. @hrtecn th`gncquhs wgc`g erh ushm fkrh orhquhntly tgen ktghrs erh gciglcigthmahlkw.

Lh`turhtths4 Pkfh shssckns `kntecn sgkrt lh`turh&stylh prhshntetckns ko bhy `knthnt pkcnts.Qh`kffhnmetckns okr wget tgh trecnhr sgkulm sey mcrh`tly tk tgh pertc`cpents erh prkvcmhm cn aklmprcnt2 ell mcrh`tckns enm nkths `kn`hrncni wget e`tuelly gepphns cn tgh trecncni shssckn erh cnrhiuler prcnt. Mk nkt ohhl akunm tk tgcs. Co yku ohhl tget tgh lh`turh nkths mk nkt oct ykur stylh, emept

tghf enm sey wget ohhls fkst `kfokrtealh. Gkwhvhr, ah surh tk `kvhr he`g ko tgh bhy `knthntpkcnts tget erh prhshnthm cn tgh krcicnel lh`turhtth.

Pfell irkups4 Feny ko tgh e`tcvctchs erh mhscinhm tk ah mknh cn sfell irkups. Ah surh tget tghfhfahrsgcp ko tghsh irkups cs `knstently `genicni. ]gcs èn ah mknh cn e verchty ko weys. ]ghheschst cs ay `kuntcni koo. Co tghrh sgkulm ah okur irkups, tgh pertc`cpents `kunt koo erkunm tghrkkf orkf knh tk okur, tghn ell tgh nufahr knhs erh knh irkup, tgh nufahr twks enktghr, ht`.]ry tk ush e verchty ko weys tk okrf ykur sfell irkups, su`g es mrewcni nefhs orkf e get. ]ghpkcnt tk rhfhfahr cs tget, ahèush tghrh erh sk feny hxhr`cshs uscni sfell irkup okrfetckns,uscni tgh sefh prk`hss tk okrf irkups he`g tcfh èn ah`kfh thmckus.

Arecnstkrfcni4 Enktghr fhtgkm tget cs ushm orhquhntly tgrkuigkut tgcs prkiref cs arecnstkrfcni.Arecnstkrfcni cs e ushoul th`gncquh ahèush ct nkt knly cnvklvhs hvhryknh cn tgh irkup, autihnhreths e verchty ko cmhes enm nhw weys ko lkkbcni et en cssuh es whll. Yghn `knmu`tcni earecnstkrf shssckn, rhfhfahr4

& Cmhes erh e``hpthm wctgkut quhstckn & tghrh cs nk rcigt kr wrkni.

& Cnmcvcmuel rhspknshs erh nkt mcsùsshm untcl tgh arecnstkrfcni shssckn cs `kfplhth, hx`hpt okr`lercocètckn.

& ]gh trecnhr wrcths hxe`tly wget wes stethm, hx`hpt wghn `knmhnscni vhry lkni rhspknshs.Qhspknshs sgkulm ah rh`krmhm, nkt rhcnthrprhthm ay tgh trecnhr.

Sku sgkulm elsk tebh èrh tget tgh arecnstkrfcni shssckn cn`lumhs ell tgh pertc`cpents, nkt knly tghfkst vkèl. Knh fhtgkm ko mkcni tgcs cs tk ocrst gevh he`g pertc`cpent wrcth shvhrel rhspknshs kn epch`h ko pephr. ]gh trecnhr tghn ikhs erkunm tgh rkkf, gevcni ell tgh pertc`cpents rhem wget tghywrkth, hn`kureicni emmctcknel, spkntenhkus rhspknshs.

Lestly, scn`h tgcs cs e ]recncni ko ]recnhrs prkiref, ct cs `ru`cel tget yku pre`tc`h wget yku prhe`g.Phssckns fust ah whll prhperhm enm utclczh e verchty ko th`gncquhs. Hn`kureih tgh pertc`cpents tksthp ae`b enm lkkb et tgh prkiref ctshlo tgrkuig mecly okrfetcvh hveluetckns. Ah kphn enm wcllcnitk gevh ykur trecncni stylh kr th`gncquhs hveluethm.

Yget okllkws nkw erh tgh cnmcvcmuel trecncni shssckn plens. ]recncni cs en hx`ctcni enm rhwermcniemvhnturh. Hndky tgh prkiref%

]QECNCNI ]HE@GHQ ]QECNHQP

MES 5

Phssckn 54 ]gh Zhe`h @krps _klunthhr es e ]he`ghr ]recnhrPhssckn 14 Emult Lherncni PtylhsPhssckn 04 Epprke`ghs tk ]he`gcniPhssckn =4 @gclm enm Emklhs`hnt Lherncni Ptylhs Hveluetckn

MES 1

Phssckn 84 Cnstru`tcknel Kadh`tcvhsPhssckn ?4 Lhsskn ZlenncniPhssckn 94 ]he`gcni ]h`gncquhs Hveluetckn


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MES 0

Phssckn 74 Fethrcels MhvhlkpfhntPhssckn 34 @lessrkkf FeneihfhntPhssckn 5:4 Esshssfhnt ko Ptumhnt LherncniPhssckn 554 Puphrvcsckn enm Kashrvetckn Hveluetckn

MES =

Phssckn 514 Fc`rk&the`gcniPhssckn 504 ]recncni ]h`gncquhs Hveluetckn

MES 8

Phssckn 5=4 ]recncni MhscinPhssckn 584 ]recncni Mhscin '`kntcnuhmHveluetckn

MES ?

Phssckn 5?4 @klleakretcknPhssckn 594 Nhxt sthps enm Zrkiref Hveluetckn

]recncni ikels enm kadh`tcvhs

IKEL4 ]gh ikel ko tgcs trecncni prkiref cs tk hngen`h tgh sbclls enm bnkwlhmih ko Zhe`h @krps_klunthhrs shrvcni es ]he`ghr ]recnhrs.

KADH@]C_HP4 Ay tgh hnm ko tgh trecncni prkiref tgh pertc`cpents wcll ah ealh tk4

& Hooh`tcvhly ush ]he`ghr ]recncni4 E Qhohrhn`h Fenuel.& Mcsùss tgh cfplcètckns ko emult lherncni tghkry okr the`ghr trecncni.

& Mhscin en cn&shrvc`h the`ghr trecncni prkiref.& Mhfknstreth tgh ush ko e verchty ko trecncni th`gncquhs.& Mcsùss gkw tghy wcll cn`krpkreth shssckns ko tgcs trecncni prkiref cntk tghcr kwn wkrb esthe`ghr trecnhrs.& Cmhntcoy strethichs okr okrfcni `klleakretcvh nhtwkrbs.

E ]QECNCNI MHPCIN OKQ ]HE@GHQ ]QECNHQPZ@_ es ethe`ghrtrecnhr '3:fcn.

Kadh`tcvhs'3: fcn.


Fc`rkthe`gcni '0grs

]recncnimhscin '0grs


Emultlherncni '3:fcn

Lhssknplenncni'3: fcn


Hveluetckn'3: fcn.

Epprke`ghstk the`gcni'3: fcn

]he`gcnith`gncquhs'0 grs

Esshssfhnt'3: fcn.

]recncnifhtgkms /Lherncnie`tcvctchs '0grs

]recncnimhscin'`knt. '0 grs




7/118

Hveluetckn '0: fcn

Mey knh

PHPPCKN 5 & ]gh Zhe`h @krps _klunthhr es e ]he`ghr ]recnhr

]ktel ]cfh4 5 [ gkurs

Kadh`tcvhs4 Ay tgh hnm ko tgh shssckn, tgh pertc`cpents wcll ah ealh tk4

& cmhntcoy he`g ktghr ay nefh.& lcst tghcr hxph`tetckns okr tgh trecncni prkiref.& `kfperh enm `kntrest tgh Efhrcèn hmuètcknel systhf wctg tget ko tgh gkst `kuntry.& cmhntcoy tgh rklh ko e Zhe`h @krps the`ghr trecnhr.

Fethrcels4 nhwsprcnt `gert ko `kfperetcvh hmuètcknel systhfs, trecncni mhscin enm kadh`tcvhsgenmkuts, nhwsprcnt, ferbhrs, teph

E`tcvctchs4

1: fcnPfell irkup cntrkmu`tcknsCn sfell irkups, tgh pertc`cpents fhht he`g ktghr enm cmhntcoy tghcr hxph`tetckns okr tgh trecncniprkiref.

18 fcnLerih irkup mcsùsscknAy ikcni erkunm tgh rkkf, he`g pertc`cpent sgerhs skfh phrsknel mete. ]ghn tgh sfell irkupssgerh tghcr hxph`tetckn lcsts enm tghsh erh mcsùsshm wctg rhohrhn`h tk tgh trecncni s`ghmulh.

1: fcnArecnstkrf+@gert `kfplhtckn

]gh irkup `kfplhths e `gert tget `kfperhs enm `kntrests tgh Efhrcèn hmuètcknel systhf tktget ko tgh gkst `kuntry.

18 fcnPfell irkup mcsùssckns]gh pertc`cpents mcvcmh cntk twk irkups, he`g wctg e trecnhr, tk mcsùss tgh `gerts enm tghcrcfplcètckns okr tgh Z@_ the`ghr trecnhr.

Phssckn 5 & ]gh phe`h `krps vklunthhr es e the`ghr trecnhr

Phssckn kutlcnh


Kvhrvchw4 Es tgh ocrst shssckn ko tgh trecncni prkiref, tgh e`tcvctchs erh fhent tk sht tgh steihokr tgh rhst ko tgh whhbs trecncni. ]gh shssckn ges tgrhh fecn purpkshs. ]gh ocrst cs aktg tkcntrkmu`h tgh trecnhhs tk he`g ktghr enm tk ahicn tk auclm e wkrbcni rhletcknsgcp efkni tghf. ]gcscs mknh tgrkuig wkrbcni cn vhry sfell irkups sk tget he`g pertc`cpent ges tgh kppkrtuncty tkmcs`kvhr skfh aesc` ackirepgcèl mete eakut tgrhh kr okur ko tgh ktghrs wctg wgkf gh+sgh wcll ahtrecncni.


8/118

]gh sh`knm purpksh cs tk ahicn tk cnvklvh pertc`cpents cn tgh trecncni prk`hss ctshlo. ]gcs cs mknhay arecnstkrfcni enm mcsùsscni tgh trecnhhs hxph`tetckns enm gkphs okr tgh trecncni. ]gh ocnele`tcvcty cs mhscinhm tk hnealh trecnhhs tk ahicn tk hvelueth enm enelyzh tghcr rklh es the`ghrtrecnhrs cn e `kuntry ktghr tgen tghcr kwn. ]grkuig sfell irkup mcsùssckns lhm ay tgh trecnhrs, tghpertc`cpents ahicn tk `kfperh enm `kntrest tgh hmuètcknel systhf tghy irhw up cn wctg tgh knh cnwgc`g tghy nkw 'kr wcll skkn wkrb.

Kadh`tcvhs4 Ay tgh hnm ko tgh shssckn tgh pertc`cpents wcll ah ealh tk4

& cmhntcoy he`g ktghr ay nefh.& lcst tghcr hxph`tetckns okr tgh trecncni prkiref.& `kntrest enm `kfperh tgh Efhrcèn hmuètcknel systhf wctg tget ko tgh gkst `kuntry.& hxplecn tgh rklh ko e Zhe`h @krps the`ghr trecnhr.

Phssckn fethrcels4 well `gert ko `kfperetcvh hmuètckn systhfs, trecncni, mhscin enm kadh`tcvhsgenmkuts, nhwsprcnt, ferbhrs, teph

]recncni shssckn

E`tcvctchs

e. Pfell irkup cntrkmu`tckns & 1: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

Eothr e archo shlo cntrkmu`tckn tk tgh trecnhhs, tgh trecnhr shpereths tgh pertc`cpents cntk sfellirkups 1: fcnuths ko okur kr ocvh. ]gh irkups tghn gevh twk tesbs4

5 tk lhern tgh okllkwcni phrsknel cnokrfetckn eakut he`g fhfahr4 nefh, scth ko pkstcni, lhnitgko tcfh elrhemy cn tgh `kuntry, enm esscinfhnt '5: fcnuths

1 tk arecnstkrf enm lcst kn e pch`h ko nhwsprcnt tgh fhfahrs hxph`tetckns 'kr gkphs okr tghtrecncni '5: fcnuths.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gh fecn purpksh ko tgcs sfell irkup wkrb cs okr tgh trecnhhs tk ahicn tkbnkw he`g ktghr. Ah èrhoul gkwhvhr tgcs mkhsnt dust turn cntk e `getty shssckn. @gh`b wctghe`g irkup eothr 3 kr 5: fcnuths tk ah surh tget tghy erh stertcni tgh hxph`tetckns arecnstkrf.

Fethrcels4 sghhts ko nhwsprcnt enm ferbhrs okr he`g irkup

E`tcvctchs

a. Mcsùssckn & 18 fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

Eothr 1: fcnuths tgh irkups rhietghr. Ikcni erkunm tgh rkkf, he`g trecnhh seys gcs+ghr nefh,esscinfhnt enm scth ko pkstcni. Yghn ell gevh cntrkmu`hm tghfshlvhs, tgh lcsts ko hxph`tetckns

erh pksthm enm he`g irkup hxplecns cts lcst. ]gh trecnhr tghn mcstrcauths tk tgh trecnhhs tghtrecncni kadh`tcvhs enm mhscin enm mcsùsshs wctg tgh pertc`cpents eny fedkr mcs`rhpen`chsahtwhhn tgh hxph`tetckn lcsts enm tgh prh&plennhm trecncni mhscin.

]gh trecnhr fey sey skfhtgcni lcbh tgcs co epprkprceth4 Cn tgh ahet ko ell wkrlms hvhry trecncnimhscin cs aeshm kn e `kfprhghnscvh nhhms esshssfhnt ko tgh lkèl sctuetckn. ]gcs wes nktpksscalh cn kur èsh ahèush tgh trecncni wes mhscinhm steth&ecmh. ]gkuig ct wcll ah cfpksscalhtk rhmhscin tgh hntcrh trecncni prkiref, hvhry etthfpt wcll ah femh tk emmrhss ykur `kn`hrnsmurcni tgh `kursh ko tgh prkiref. Yh wcll ush tgh mecly hveluetckn shssckn enm ykur cnokrfelohhmae`b es e wey ko `gh`bcni tk shh tget wh erh fhhtcni ykur trecncni nhhms. Pcn`h tgcs cs


9/118

ykur trecncni prkiref, ct cs kur gkph tget yku wcll aktg hndky enm lhern orkf ct. Ocnelly, tghtrecncni prkiref irkunm rulhs 'c.h., pun`tuelcty, prhperetckn, ht`. erh kutlcnhm enm eirhhmupkn.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gh rheskn okr lcstcni hxph`tetckns cs twk&oklm4 ocrst tk ghlp tgh pertc`cpentsrhelczh tget tgh trecncni cn`lumhs tgh tgcnis tget tghy ohhl tghy nhhm tk bnkw, enm sh`knm, tkcn`lumh tgh pertc`cpents cn tgh trecncni prk`hss. ]gcs letthr pkcnt èn ah rhèllhm murcni tgh tgcrm

pert ko tgh enmreikiy lh`turhtth 'tget trecncni cs lhernhr `hnthrhm. Co tgh trecnhr ges mknh enhxthnscvh lkèl nhhms esshssfhnt wctg tgh pertc`cpents prckr tk tgh trecncni kr co tgh pertc`cpentsell bnkw he`g ktghr whll, tgh ocrst twk e`tcvctchs fcigt ah mknh cn e sgkrthnhm fennhr 'phrgepsknly e arecnstkrf.

Fethrcels4 nhwsprcnt, ferbhrs, teph, trecncni mhscin enm kadh`tcvhs genmkuts

E`tcvctchs

`. Arecnstkrf & 1: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

]gh irkup arecnstkrfs mcoohrhn`hs enm scfclerctchs ahtwhhn tgh X.P. enm gkst `kuntry systhfsko hmuètckn.

Ahokrh lkkbcni et the`ghr trecncni, lhts ocrst lkkb et skfh ko tgh mcoohrhn`hs enm scfclerctchsahtwhhn tgh systhf wh whrh recshm cn, enm tgh knh wh erh nkw wkrbcni cn. ]gh trecnhr tghntephs up e lerih nhwsprcnt `kfperetcvh hmuètckn `gert. Es tgh irkup koohrs rhspknshs tkhe`g ko tgh pkcnts, tgh trecnhr oclls cn tgh `gert, tebhn orkf tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel.

]recnhr)s nkths4 Ygclh knh trecnhr cs wrctcni tgh arecnstkrf rhspknshs up orknt, tgh ktghr cs`kfplhtcni e scfcler `gert cn tgh ae`b ko tgh rkkf. ]gcs wey he`g ko tgh sfell irkups wcll gevhcts kwn `gert.

Fethrcels4 twk `kfperetcvh hmuètckn well `gerts, ferbhrs, teph

E`tcvctchs

m. Pfell irkups & 18 fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

Yghn tgh `gert cs `kfplhthm, tgh pertc`cpents mcvcmh cntk twk irkups, he`g knh wctg e trecnhr,tk mcsùss tgh cfplcètckns ko tghsh mcoohrhn`hs okr tgh Zhe`h @krps _klunthhr the`ghr trecnhr.Uuhstckns tgh trecnhr fcigt ush tk sperb tgh mcsùssckn cn`lumh4

& ]gcnb ko e tcfh wghn gevh yku ahhn hsph`celly orustrethm ay tgh hmuètcknel systhf ykuerh wkrbcni cn. Ygy whrh yku orustrethm enm gkw mcm yku rhsklvh tgh sctuetckn;

& Sku erh kppkshm tk tgh Ae`èleurheth ':&E Lhvhl hxefcnetckn systhf tgh hmuètcknel

systhf cs aeshm upkn. Nkw mk yku genmlh tgcs phrsknel aces wghn yku erh mcsùsscniùrrcùluf enm stumhnt esshssfhnt wctg ykur the`ghrs;

& Cs tgh rklh ko tgh Z@_ es e the`ghr trecnhr tk cntrkmu`h the`ghrs tk nhw enm cnnkvetcvhweys ko mkcni tgcnis, kr tk trecn tghn tk mk whll wget tgh Fcncstry ko Hmuètckn fenmeths,rhiermlhss ko knhs kwn phrsknel kpcnckn ko tget fenmeth;

]gh irkups mk nkt rhietghr, aut cnsthem ik mcrh`tly cntk tgh arheb.


10/118

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gh irkup mcsùssckn ghrh èn ah vhry shnsctcvh enm fust ah èrhoully mknh,okr knh cs mhelcni wctg tgh aceshs enm essufptckns tget wh, es hxpetrceths, arcni cntk e okrhcinsctuetckn. Ct cs cfpkrtent tk pusg tgh _klunthhrs, yht rhfecn suppkrtcvh enm ihntlh cn eny`rctcquh. ]gcs mcsùssckn cs fhent fkrh tk stcfuleth phrsknel rholh`tckn ko tgh trecnhhs stylhsenm+kr veluhs systhfs, tgen tk `genih tghcr ahgevckr. Co tghrh erh gkst `kuntry netcknelsprhshnt, tghy èn ghlp `lercoy kr `krrh`t essufptckns femh ay tgh _klunthhrs.

Fethrcels4 `gerts orkf tgh arecnstkrf shssckn, teph

Ette`gfhnts

YELL @GEQ]

E @kfperetcvh Enelyscs ko ]wk Hmuètckn Pysthfs

Esph`t Xncthm Pteths Gkst @kuntry@urrcùluf Mhvhlkpfhnt@urrcùluf @knthntEmfcncstretcvh Ptru`turhHmuètcknel Lemmhr+Ptru`turh

Hveluetckn& Ptumhnt Esshssfhnt& Ptumhnt Emven`hfhnt iremh tk iremh prcfery tk sh`knmeryE``hss tk HmuètcknQklh ko Leniueih& Netcknel+Kooc`cel& Fktghr ]kniuh, Ocrst, Ph`knmFethrcel Qhskur`hs eveclealh `k ]he`ghrs+ Ptumhnts@lessrkkf Hnvcrknfhnt& Ptylh ko prhshntetckn& Zgyscèl sht&up+verchty& Epprke`g tk mcs`cplcnh& Nufahr ko stumhnts

Genmkut

]QECNCNI IKELP ENM KADH@]C_HP

IKEL4 ]gh ikel ko tgcs trecncni prkiref cs tk hngen`h tgh sbclls enm bnkwlhmih ko Zhe`h @krps_klunthhrs shrvcni es ]he`ghr trecnhrs.

KADH@]C_HP4 Ay tgh hnm ko tgh trecncni prkiref tgh pertc`cpents wcll ah ealh tk4

& Hooh`tcvhly ush ]he`ghr ]recncni4 E Qhohrhn`h Fenuel.& Mcsùss tgh cfplcètckns ko emult lherncni tghkry okr the`ghr trecncni.& Mhscin en cn&shrvc`h the`ghr trecncni prkiref.

& Mhfknstreth tgh ush ko verchty ko trecncni th`gncquhs.& Mcsùss gkw tghy wcll cn`krpkreth shssckns ko tgcs trecncni prkiref cntk tghcr kwn wkrb esthe`ghr trecnhrs.&Cmhntcoy strethichs okr okrfcni klleakretcvh nhtwkrbs.

Genmkut

E ]QECNCNI MHPCIN OKQ ]HE@GHQ ]QECNHQP


11/118

Z@_ es ethe`ghr trecnhr'3: fcn.

Kadh`tcvhs '3:fcn.


Fc`rk the`gcni'0 grs

]recncnimhscin '0 grs


Emult lherncni'3: fcn

Lhssknplenncni '3:fcn


Hveluetckn'3: fcn.

Epprke`ghs tkthe`gcni '3:fcn

]he`gcnith`gncquhs '0grs

Esshssfhnt'3: fcn.

]recncnifhtgkms /Lherncnie`tcvctchs '0 grs

]recncnimhscin '`knt.'0 grs



Hveluetckn '0: fcn

Phssckn 1 & Emult lherncni

Phssckn kutlcnh



& mcsùss tgh aesc` prcn`cplhs ko enmreikiy.& cmhntcoy okur mcoohrhnt lherncni stylhs ko emults.& hvelueth tgh cfplcètckns ko emult lherncni tghkry okr tgh the`ghr trecnhr.

Fethrcels4 well `gerts ko tgh tghkry ko enmreikiy, lherncni stylh cnvhntkry hxhr`cshs, nhwsprcnt,ferbhrs, teph

E`tcvctchs4

1: fcnIrkup Arecnstkrf]gh pertc`cpents arecnstkrf enm lcst kn nhwsprcnt wget tghy tgcnb tgh fedkr mcoohrhn`hs erhahtwhhn the`gcni emults enm `gclmrhn.

58 fcnLh`turhtthE sgkrt telb `kntrestcni tgh tghkrchs ko enmreikiy enm phmeikiy.

58 fcnMcsùsscknCn pecrs, tgh pertc`cpents rhleth tgh eakvh tghkrchs tk tghcr kwn hxphrchn`hs.

0: fcn

Lherncni Ptylhs Hxhr`csh]gh pertc`cpents `kfplhth Bklas lherncni stylhs hxhr`csh enm mcsùss tgh rhsults.

5: fcnMcsùssckn]gh trecnhr lhems e sgkrt rholh`tckn, rhletcni tgh shssckns fethrcel tk tgh pertc`cpents wkrb.



12/118

Kvhrvchw4 ]gh Emult Lherncni shssckn ges twk purpkshs4 tk cntrkmu`h tgh pertc`cpents tk tghaesc` tghkrchs ko emult lherncni enm tk sht tgh okunmetcknel `knthxt okr tgh trecncni prkiref.Eltgkuig tgh pertc`cpents erh ell the`ghr trecnhrs, murcni tgh nhxt shvhrel meys tghy wcll elsk ahemult lhernhrs.

]gh ocrst pert ko tgh shssckn okùshs kn tgh aesc` prcn`cplhs ko emult hmuètckn es kutlcnhm ayFel`klf Bnkwlhs cn gcs akkb ]gh Fkmhrn Zre`tc`h ko Emult Hmuètckn. Kothn tgh the`ghr

trecnhr ocnms gcf+ghrshlo cn tgh efaciukus sctuetckn ko trecncni ktghrs tk ah phmeikiuhs 'the`ghrsko `gclmrhn wgclh gh+sgh cs e`tcni es en enmreikiuh 'e the`ghr ko emults. ]gus tgh cnctcelarecnstkrfcni shssckn cs mhscinhm tk ghlp tgh pertc`cpents `lercoy okr tghfshlvhs tgh mcoohrhn`hsahtwhhn tgh twk epprke`ghs. ]gcs cs okllkwhm ay e lh`turhtth kn tgh tghkry ko enmreikiy.

]gh sh`knm gelo ko tgh shssckn hfpgesczhs tget rhiermlhss ko gkw phkplh erh teuigt, cnmcvcmuelsgevh mcoohrhnt lherncni stylhs enm en unmhrstenmcni ko tghsh mcoohrhnt stylhs cs `ru`cel okr tghthe`ghr trecnhr tk ah hooh`tcvh. ]gh tgcrm e`tcvcty ko tgh shssckn cs tghrhokrh en hxhr`csh cn wgc`gtgh pertc`cpent lherns nkt knly gcs+ghr kwn lherncni stylh, aut elsk tgksh ko tgh ktghrs cn tgh irkup.]gh `lkscni rholh`tckn gciglcigts tgh cfpkrten`h ko epprke`gcni the`ghr trecncni orkf en emultlherncni phrsph`tcvh.


& mcsùss tgh aesc` prcn`cplhs ko enmreikiy.& cmhntcoy okur mcoohrhnt lherncni stylhs ko emults.& hvelueth tgh cfplcètckns ko emult lherncni tghkry okr tgh the`ghr trecnhr.

Phssckn fethrcels4 well `gerts ko tgh tghkry ko enmreikiy, lherncni stylh cnvhntkry hxhr`cshs,nhwsprcnt, ferbhrs, teph

]recncni shssckn

E`tcvctchs

e. Irkup arecnstkrf & 1: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

]gh irkup arecnstkrfs tgh fedkr mcoohrhn`hs ahtwhhn the`gcni `gclmrhn enm the`gcni emults.He`g pertc`cpent wrcths mkwn kn e pch`h ko pephr twk tgcnis tk rhfhfahr wghn the`gcni`gclmrhn. ]ghn, ikcni erkunm tgh rkkf, he`g phrskn koohrs gcs+ghr suiihstckns es tgh trecnhrwrcths kn e pch`h ko nhwsprcnt. Nhxt, tgh pertc`cpents tgcnb eakut pest trecncni prkirefs tghygevh lcbhm, enm tghy wrcth mkwn twk esph`ts ko tgh prkiref tget femh ct su``hssoul okr tghf'twk weys tghy lcbh tk ah teuigt. ]ghsh erh lcsthm kn enktghr pch`h ko nhwsprcnt. ]ghsh `gertserh tghn fkvhm tk tgh scmh ko tgh rkkf.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gh pertc`cpents bnkw orkf tghcr kwn hxphrchn`h gkw tghy lcbh tk ah teuigtenm gkw tgcs cs phrgeps mcoohrhnt orkf tgh wey tghy fcigt the`g `gclmrhn2 cn ktghr wkrms tghmcoohrhn`h ahtwhhn enmreikiy enm phmeikiy. ]gh cnthnt ko tgh arecnstkrf cs okr tghf tk ahicntk nefh okr tghfshlvhs tghsh mcoohrhn`hs sk tget tgh okllkwcni tghkrhtcèl sh`tckn wcll febh

fkrh shnsh tk tghf. Co pertc`cpents tgcnb tget tgcs cs tghcr ocrst trecncni prkiref, rhfcnm tghf kotghcr @QHP] cn tgh Pteths.

Fethrcels4 nhwsprcnt, ferbhrs, teph

E`tcvctchs

a. Lh`turhtth & 58 fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs


13/118

]gh trecnhr icvhs e lh`turhtth kn tgh aesc` prcn`cplhs ko enmreikiy aeshm kn E ]recnhrs Iucmhtk Enmreikiy ay Dkgn Cniells. Es he`g pkcnt cs `kfplhthm, tgh trecnhr mcspleys tgh well `gertwgc`g irepgcèlly cllustreths tget pkcnt.

Yget wh gevh mknh le `rhethm twk lcsts tget gciglcigt skfh ko tgh aesc` mcoohrhn`hs ahtwhhnthe`gcni `gclmrhn enm the`gcni emults. ]gh th`gncèl wkrms tk mcstcniucsg tghsh erh enmreikiy,

e thrf tget fhens emult lherncni, enm phmeikiy kr `gclm lherncni. Lkkbcni et kur lcsts wh ènahicn tk shh skfh ko tgh mcoohrhn`hs ahtwhhn tgh twk. Fel`klf Bnkwlhs cn gcs akkb ]ghFkmhrn Zre`tc`h ko Emult Hmuètckn cmhntcochs okur aesc` `kn`hpts tget erh `hntrel tk emultlherncni.

]gh ocrst cs shlo `kn`hpt. Yghrhes tgh `gclm cs mhphnmhnt upkn tgksh erkunm gcf+ghr, tgh emulte`ts eutknkfkusly cn rhletckn tk ktghrs. Emults erh èpealh ko ahcni shlo mcrh`thm, ko ahcni ealhtk cmhntcoy enm ertcùleth wget tghy went tk lhern cn mcelkiuh wctg tgh the`ghr. Cn phmeikiy, tghthe`ghr cs cn e mcrh`tcni rhletcknsgcp wctg tgh stumhnt2 enm cn emult hmuètckn tgh the`ghr cs cn eghlpcni rhletcknsgcp wctg tgh stumhnt.

]gh sh`knm `kn`hpt cs hxphrchn`h. Yctg `gclmrhn, hmuètckn cs kothn tgh knh&wey trensohr komete enm cnokrfetckn orkf tgh the`ghr tk tgh stumhnt. ]gcs cs nkt elweys epprkprceth okr tghemult lhernhr wgk arcnis e wheltg ko lcoh hxphrchn`h enm wcsmkf cntk tgh lherncni hnvcrknfhnt.Cn emult hmuètckn, tgh the`ghr cs fkrh kothn e oe`clctetkr cn e futuel lherncni hnvcrknfhnt.]ghrh cs tghrhokrh e okùs kn hxphrchntcel fhtgkms su`g es e&ell irkup e`tcvctchs, rklh pleycni,phhr prhshntetckns, ht`. ]gh mc`gktkfy ahtwhhn the`ghr enm stumhnt cs rhple`hm ay e`kffuncty ko lhernhrs enm the`ghrs.

]gh tgcrm `kn`hpt cfpkrtent okr emult lherncni `kn`hrns tgh stumhnts rhemcnhss tk lhern. Cntremctckns4 phmeikiy, tgh the`ghr mh`cmhs wget tgh stumhnts nhhm tk lhern sem tgh ùrrcùluf csmhvhlkphm epert orkf tgh lhernhr. Cn enmreikiy tgkuig, tgh lhernhr tebhs e fu`g fkrh e`tcvhrklh cn mh`cmcni wget wcll ah teuigt enm wghn. Emult hmuètckn cs fkrh lhernhr `hnthrhm. Esnkthm ahokrh, emults erh kothn ealh tk cmhntcoy wget tgh lherncni nhhms tget ercsh orkf tghcrsk`cel sctuetckn erh. Cn emult hmuètckn, ct cs cfpkrtent okr tgh emult lhernhr tget tgh `knthnt kohmuètcknel prkiref cs mcrh`tly rhlethm tk aktg tghcr cnthrhsts enm lcoh sctuetckns.

Lestly, tghrh cs e mcoohrhnt krchntetckn tk lherncni okr tgh emult. @gclmrhn gevh ahhn `knmctcknhmtk gevh e suadh`t&`hnthrhm krchntetckn tk lherncni wghrhes emults thnm tk gevh e fkrhprkalhf&`hnthrhm krchntetckn. ]gh mcoohrhn`h cs knh ko tcrh phrsph`tcvh. @gclmrhn thnm tk okùsetthntckn tkwerms tgh outurh wghrhes emults erh `kn`hrnhm wctg tgh prhshnt. ]gus emultlhernhrs erh cnthrhsthm cn lherncni gkw tk sklvh tgh prkalhfs tget tghy erh hxphrchn`cni cn tghcrmecly lcvhs.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gh cnthnt ko tgh lh`turhtth cs tk `lherly enm `kn`cshly cntrkmu`h tgh `kn`hpt koenmreikiy enm `kntrest ct wctg phmeikiy. Ct cs cfpkrtent tget tgh pertc`cpents erh `lher eakuttgh mcoohrhn`hs, okr es the`ghr trecnhrs tghy erh the`gcni emults cnokrfetckn tget cs fhent tkghlp tghf the`g `gclmrhn. Xsh tgh well `gert tk hxplecn enm hxpenm tgh lh`turhtth, rhohrrcniae`b tk tgh arecnstkrf lcst kr mrewcni hxefplhs orkf tgh irkup.

Fethrcels4 well gerts kntrestcni enmreikiy enm phmeikiy, teph

E`tcvctchs

`. Mcsùssckn & 5: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

]gh pertc`cpents nkw rhleth tgh eakvh tghkry tk tghcr kwn hxphrchn`hs. ]urn tk tgh phrskn nhxttk yku enm sphnm tgh nhxt thn fcnuths telbcni eakut wgy ct cs cfpkrtent okr the`ghr trecnhrs tkgevh en unmhrstenmcni ko tghsh okur aesc` esph`ts ko emult lherncni.


14/118

]recnhrs nkths4 Lht tgcs ah e `getty tcfh es phkplh sgerh stkrchs wctg he`g ktghr cn pecrs.

E`tcvctchs

m. Lherncni stylhs hxhr`csh & 0: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

]gh pertc`cpents rhietghr ent tgh trecnhr mcstrcauths tgh lherncni stylhs hxhr`csh. He`g phrskncnmcvcmuelly `kfplhths tgh hxhr`csh enm plkts gcs+ghr rhsults kn tgh e``kfpenycni irepg, uscniferbhrs. Yghn hvhryknh ges ocncsghm, ell tgh `gerts 'wctgkut nefhs erh tephm tk tgh akerm cntgh orknt ko tgh rkkf. ]gh irkup tghn mcsùsshs tgh rhsults ko tgh hxhr`csh.

& Ghrh yku surprcshm wctg tgh rhsults ko ykur `gert; Co sk, wgy ;& Yget mk yku nktc`h es yku lkkb et ell tgh `gerts mcspleyhm up orknt;& Ygy cs ct cfpkrtent okr aktg trecnhrs enm lhernhrs tk ah ewerh ko tgh mcvhrscty ko lherncnistylhs;

]recnhrs nkths4 Ct cs cfpkrtent okr tgh trecnhr tk hfpgesczh tget tghrh erh nk wrkni enswhrs,

kr ikkm kr aem lherncni stylhs. Nk knh stylh cs cnghrhntly ahtthr tgen enktghr. ]ghy erh dustmcoohrhnt2 enm ahèush tghy erh mcoohrhnt tgh trecnhr nhhms tk ah olhxcalh cn krmhr tk `kntcnuellyemdust gcs+ghr trecncni stylh enm e`tcvctchs tk fet`g tgh mcvhrsh lherncni stylhs ko tgh trecnhhs. Cotgcs hxhr`csh ges elrhemy ahhn ushm wctg tgh pertc`cpents murcni tgh @QHP] kr prh&shrvc`htrecncni, mcsùss ghrh tgh okur mcoohrhnt lherncni stylhs kutlcnhm cn shssckn okur.

Fethrcels4 lherncni stylh hxhr`csh genmkuts '= sghhts2 he`g, teph, ferbhrs

E`tcvctchs

h. @lkscni Qholh`tckn & 5: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

]gh trecnhr lhems e sgkrt irkup mcsùssckn kn tgh shssckn.

& Yghn yku tgcnb ae`b kn ykur the`ghr trecncni kr the`gcni hxphrchn`hs, wgc`g pkcntsmcsùsshm tgcs fkrncni febh tgh nhet shnsh tk yku;& Yget cnscigts gevh yku gem cntk ykur kwn the`gcni kr lherncni stylh;& Gcll ykur the`gcni ah mcoohrhnt cn tgh outurh; Gkw;

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gcs rholh`tckn cs fhent aktg tk icvh ohhmae`b tk tgh trecnhr kn tgh twkshssckns, enm tk ellkw tgh pertc`cpents tk sgerh tghcr tgkuigts eakut wget ct fhens okr tghf tkah e the`ghr trecnhr.

Ette`gfhnts

YELL @GEQ]

p:15.ico Phlo @kn`hpt

p:10.ico Ociurh 5

Cnstru`tckns

]ghrh erh ncnh shts ko okur wkrms lcsthm ahlkw. Qenb krmhr tgh wkrms cn he`g sht ay esscincni e =tk tgh wkrm wgc`g ahst `gere`thrczhs ykur lherncni stylh, e 0 tk tgh wkrm wgc`g nhxt ahst


15/118

`gere`thrczhs ykur lherncni stylh, e 1 tk tgh nhxt fkst `gere`thrcstc` wkrm, enm e 5 tk tgh wkrmwgc`g cs lhest `gere`thrcstc` ko yku es e rhefhr.

Sku fey ocnm ct germ tk `gkksh tgh wkrms tget ahst `gere`thrczh ykur lherncni stylh. Nhvhrtghlhss,bhhp cn fcnm tget tghrh erh nk rcigt kr wrkni enswhrs&ell tgh `gkc`hs erh hquelly e``hptealh. ]ghecf ko tgh cnvhntkry cs tk mhs`rcah gkw yku rhef, nkt tk hvelueth ykur lherncni eaclcty.

Ah surh tk esscin e mcoohrhnt renb nufahr tk he`g ko tgh okur wkrms cn he`g sht2 mk nktfebh tchs.

5 [[[[mcs`rcfcnetcni [[[[thntetcvh [[[[cnvklvhm [[[[pre`tcèl

1 [[[[rh`hptcvh [[[[rhlhvent [[[[enelytcèl [[[[cfpertcel

0 [[[[ohhlcni [[[[wet`gcni [[[[tgcnbcni [[[[mkcni

= [[[[e``hptcni [[[[rcsb&tebhr [[[[hveluetckn [[[[ewerh

8 [[[[cntuctcvh [[[[prkmu`tcvh [[[[lkicèl [[[[quhstckncni

? [[[[eastre`t [[[[kashrvcni [[[[`kn`rhth [[[[e`tcvh

9 [[[[prhshnt&krchnthm [[[[rholh`tcni [[[[outurh&krchnthm [[[[preifetc`

7 [[[[hxphrchn`h [[[[kashrvetckn [[[[`kn`hptuelczetckn [[[[hxphrcfhntetckn

3 [[[[cnthnsh [[[[rhshrvhm [[[[retcknel [[[[rhspknscalh

P`krcni

]gh okur `klufns ko wkrms eakvh `krrhspknm tk tgh okur rhefcni stylh sèlhs4 @H, QK, E@, enmEH. ]k `kfputh ykur sèlh s`krhs, wrcth ykur renb nufahrs cn tgh akxhs ahlkw knly okr tghmhscinethm cthfs. Okr hxefplh, cn tgh tgcrm `klufn 'E@, yku wkulm ocll cn tgh renb nufahrs ykugevh esscinhm tk cthfs 1, 0, =, 8, 7, ent 3. @kfputh ykur sèlh s`krhs ay emmcni tgh renbnufahrs okr he`g sht ko akxhs

P`krh cthfs

1 0 = 8 9 7

@H 6 [[[[[[[

P`krh cthfs

5 0 ? 9 7 3

QK 6 [[[[[[[

P`krh cthfs

1 0 = 8 7 3

E@ 6 [[[[[[[

P`krh cthfs

5 0 ? 9 7 3

EH 6 [[[[[[[

p:18.ico LHEQNCNI P]SLH ZQKOCLH & Nkrfs okr tgh Lherncni Ptylh Cnvhntkry

E gcig s`krh kn @kn`rhth Hxphrchn`h rhprhshnts e rh`hptcvh, hxphrchn`h&aeshm epprke`g tklherncni tget rhlchs ghevcly kn ohhlcni&aeshm dumifhnts. Gcig @H cnmcvcmuels thnm tk ah hfpetghtc`


16/118

ent !phkplh krchnthm.! ]ghy ihnhrelly ocnm tghkrhtcèl epprke`ghs tk ah unghlpoul enm prhohr tktrhet he`g sctuetckn es e uncquh èsh. ]ghy lhern ahst orkf sph`coc` hxefplhs cn wgc`g tghy ènah`kfh cnvklvhm. Cnmcvcmuels wgk hfpgesczh @kn`rhth Hxphrchn`h thnm tk ah krchnthm fkrhtkwerms phhrs enm lhss tkwerms eutgkrcty cn tghcr epprke`g tk lherncni enm ahnhoct fkst orkfohhmae`b enm mcsùssckn wctg ohllkw @H lhernhrs.

E gcig s`krh kn Eastre`t @kn`hptuelczetckn cnmcèths en enelytcèl, `kn`hptuel epprke`g tk

lherncni tget rhlchs ghevcly kn lkicèl tgcnbcni enm retcknel hveluetckn. Gcig E@ cnmcvcmuels thnm tkah krchnthm fkrh tkwerms tgcnis enm syfakls enm lhss tkwerms ktghr phkplh. ]ghy lhern ahst cneutgkrcty&mcrh`thm, cfphrsknel rhefcni sctuetckns tget hfpgesczh tghkry enm systhfetc` enelyscs.]ghy er` orustrethm ay enm ahnhoct lcttlh orkf unstru`turhm !mcs`kvhry! rhefcni epprke`ghs lcbhhxhr`cshs enm scfuletckns.

E gcig s`krh kn E`tcvh Hxphrcfhntetckn cnmcèths en e`tcvh, !mkcni! krchntetckn tk lherncni tgetrhlchs ghevcly kn hxphrcfhntetckn. Gcig EH cnmcvcmuels lhern ahst wghn tghy èn hnieih cn su`gtgcnis es prkdh`ts, gkfhwkrb, kr sfell irkup mcsùssckns. ]ghy mcslcbh pesscvh lherncni sctuetcknsu`g es lh`turhs. ]ghsh cnmcvcmuels thnm tk ah hxtrkvhrts.

E gcig s`krh kn Qholh`tcvh Kashrvetckn cnmcèths e thntetcvh, cfpertcel enm rholh`tcvh epprke`g tkrhefcni. Gcig QK cnmcvcmuels rhly ghevcly kn èrhoul kashrvetckn cn febcni dumifhnts, enm prhohrlherncni sctuetckns su`g es lh`turhs tget ellkw tghf tk tebh tgh rklh ko cfpertcel kadh`tcvhkashrvhrs. ]ghsh cnmcvcmuels thnm tk ah cntrkvhrts.

Phssckn 0 & Epprke`ghs tk the`gcni

Phssckn kutlcnh

]ktel tcfh4 5 [ gkurs


& cmhntcoy tgh aesc` essufptckns enm epplcètckns ko tgh the`gcni epprke`ghs prhshnthm cn tghQhohrhn`h Fenuel.

& cmhntcoy lherncni e`tcvctchs okr twk ko tgh epprke`ghs.

& mcsùss tgh epplcèaclcty ko ell ko tgh epprke`ghs tk tghcr kwn the`gcni sctuetckns.

& hvelueth tghcr kwn epprke`g tk the`gcni wctgcn tgh `knthxt ko tgh mcoohrhnt epprke`ghs.

Fethrcels4 strcps ko pephr wctg he`g ko tgh epprke`ghs, wkkmhn akx kr stkkl, nhwsprcnt, teph,ferbhrs

E`tcvctchs4

8 fcnCnmcvcmuel wkrbHe`g ko tgh pertc`cpents wrcths mkwn gcs+ghr kwn phrsknel epprke`g tk the`gcni.

08 fcnQklh pley]gh pertc`cpents prhperh mhohnshs ko mcoohrhnt epprke`ghs tk the`gcni, wgc`g tghy tghn prhshnt cne Pphebhrs @krnhr oesgckn.

1: fcnPfell irkups]gh pertc`cpents mcvcmh cntk sfell irkups. He`g irkup cmhntcochs epplcètckn cmhes okr twkepprke`ghs, aeshm kn e the`gcni tkpc` ko tghcr `gkc`h.


17/118

1: fcnLerih irkup mcsùsscknHe`g sfell irkup prhshnts tghcr epplcètckn e`tcvctchs tk tgh lerihr irkup. ]gh pertc`cpents tghnmcsùss tgh epplcèaclcty ko he`g ko tgh epprke`ghs tk tghcr kwn the`gcni sctuetckns.

5: fcn

Fcnc&lhsskn prhperetckn]gh pertc`cpents `gkksh e the`gcni epprke`g okr tghcr fcnc&lhsskn enm lcst tgrhh rheskns okr tghcr`gkc`h.


Kvhrvchw4 Knh bhy hlhfhnt tk ah`kfcni e `kfphthnt the`ghr cs festhrcni tgh eaclcty tk `gkksh,orkf e rhphrtkcrh ko epprke`ghs, tgh knh ahst sucthm tk tgh nhhms ko tgh stumhnts, tgh the`ghrsphrsknelcty, tgh `knthnt erhe enm tgh `lessrkkf hnvcrknfhnt. ]gh purpksh ko tgcs shssckn cs tkcntrkmu`h tgh pertc`cpents tk hcigt fedkr epprke`ghs tk the`gcni.

Eothr cnmcvcmuel rholh`tckns kn tghcr kwn epprke`ghs tk the`gcni, tgh pertc`cpents rhvchw tghessufptckns ko he`g ko tgh fkmhls prhshnthm cn tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel enm prhperh enm

pertc`cpeth cn e rklh pley. ]ghy tghn mcvcmh cntk sfell irkups enm kutlcnh weys ko the`gcni tghsefh `knthnt orkf tgh phrsph`tcvh ko twk mcoohrhnt epprke`ghs. ]gcs cs okllkwhm ay e lerih irkupmcsùssckn tget aktg hvelueths tgh sfell irkup wkrb, enm prhshnts tgh pertc`cpents wctg feny nhwcmhes eakut gkw tk the`g oefclcer `knthnt orkf e orhsg phrsph`tcvh. ]gh `lkscni hxhr`cshcntrkmu`hs tgh pertc`cpents tk tghcr fcnc&lhsskn esscinfhnt.


& cmhntcoy tgh aesc` essufptckns enm epplcètckns ko tgh the`gcni epprke`ghs prhshnthm cn tghQhohrhn`h Fenuel.& cmhntcoy lherncni e`tcvctchs okr twk ko tgh epprke`ghs.& mcsùss tgh epplcèaclcty ko ell ko tgh epprke`ghs tk tghcr kwn the`gcni sctuetckns.& hvelueth tghcr kwn epprke`g tk the`gcni wctgcn tgh `knthxt ko tgh mcoohrhnt epprke`ghs.

Phssckn fethrcels4 strcps ko pephr wctg he`g ko tgh epprke`ghs, wkkmhn akx kr stkkl, nhwsprcnt,teph, ferbhrs

]recncni shssckn

E`tcvctchs

e. Cnmcvcmuel wkrb & 8 fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

Cn tgcs shssckn, wh wcll lkkb et skfh ko tgh feny epprke`ghs tk the`gcni eveclealh tk tghthe`ghr. ]gcnb okr e fcnuth, tghn wrcth mkwn twk kr tgrhh shnthn`hs mhs`rcacni ykur kwnepprke`g tk the`gcni2 cn`lumh ykur essufptckns kr ahlchos eakut gkw stumhnts lhern ahet enm

wget yku ahlchvh tk ah tgh rklh ko tgh the`ghr cn tgh hmuètcknel prk`hss.

Lht tgh pertc`cpents tgcnb enm wrcth okr shvhrel fcnuths. Yghn tghy erh ocncsghm, thll tghf tk puttgh pephr ewey 'kr `lksh tgh nkthakkb okr tghy wcll ush tgcs cnokrfetckn lethr cn tgh shssckn.]ghn fkvh mcrh`tly cntk tgh nhxt e`tcvcty.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]ghrh cs nk mcsùssckn ko tgcs cnmcvcmuel wkrb. Ct cs fhent tk gevh tghpertc`cpents cmhntcoy okr tghfshlvhs, ahokrh tghy ahicn tk rhvchw tgh ktghr epprke`ghs, tghcrkwn ahlchos enm aceshs.


18/118

E`tcvctchs

a. Qklh pley& 08 fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

Nkw tget yku gevh tgkuigt eakut ykur kwn epprke`g tk the`gcni, wh wcll lkkb et tghepprke`ghs kutlcnhm cn tgh rhohrhn`h Fenuel.

5: fcn

Gevh eny ko yku hvhr ahhn tk Lknmkn; Cn Gymh Zerb, Lknmkn, tghrh cs skfhtgcni èllhmPphebhrs @krnhr. Et Pphebhrs @krnhr, enyknh èn sey enytgcni tk tgh `rkwm tget ietghrstghrh & cts tgh gkfh ko tgh krcicnel skep akx. Sku ocnm tgh fkst efezcni phkplh, telbcni eakuttgh hest efezcni tgcnis. Ghll, tgcs eothrnkkn, wh erh ikcni tk gevh kur kwn Pphebhrs @krnhr.]gh trecnhr tghn mcvcmhs tgh pertc`cpents cntk hcigt sfell irkups 'pecrcni phrgeps wctg tghphrskn shethm nhxt tk tghf. He`g irkup cs icvhn knh ko tgh hcigt the`gcni epprke`ghskutlcnhm cn tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel. 'febh e `kpy ko tgh `gert cn tgh ette`gfhnts. @ut ct cntkhcigt strcph, sk tget he`g sfell irkup cs icvhn knly tgh epprke`g tghy wcll ah mhohnmcni. ]ghyerh tk he`g prhperh e knh tk twk fcnuth mhohnsh ko tghcr fkmhl tk ah prhshnthm tk tgh tktel

irkup ' tgh `rkwm ietghrhm et tgh perb, enm `gksh knh phrskn tk mhlcvhr ct. ]gh pertc`cpentssgkulm ah aescni tghcr mhohnsh kn tgh essufptckns `klufn ko tgh `gert.

1: fcn

]gh trecnhr rhietghrs tgh pertc`cpents enm puts e wkkmhn akx kr stkkl cn tgh orknt ko tgh rkkf.]ghn knh eothr enktghr, tgh pertc`cpents `kfh okrwerm enm mhohnm tghcr epprke`g, ahcni esmrefetc` es tghy wcsg. ]gh ktghr pertc`cpents erh tk prhthnm tget tghy erh tgh `rkwm ietghrhmerkunm, èllcni kut suppkrt kr `rctc`csf ko tgh vchw ahcni prhshnthm.

8 fcn

]gh trecnhr `lkshs tgh rklh pley ay seycni, He`g epprke`g tk the`gcni cs aktg ushoul enmmhohnscalh cn cts kwn rcigt. Nknh cs ahtthr tgen tgh ktghr, eltgkuig knh fey ah fkrh

epprkprceth tgen enktghr mhphnmcni upkn tgh `knthxt enm tgh sctuetckn. ]gh the`gcni epprke`g`gkshn mhphnms kn feny oe`tkrs, cn`lumcni4

& ]he`ghrs kwn stylh enm prhvckus trecncni4& Ptumhnts lherncni stylhs& Zrhvckus lherncni hnvcrknfhnt ko stumhnts& Neturh ko suadh`t fetthr& Zgclkskpgy ko s`gkkl systhf Evecleaclcty ko fethrcels& @less sczh enm eih

Nkw tebh e pch`h ko pephr enm febh twk `klufns. Et tgh tkp ko knh wrcth ushm ahokrh, et tghtkp ko tgh ktghr )nhvhr ushm). Nkw ik mkwn tgrkuig tgh ocet ko epprke`ghs kn peihs 8=&88 cntgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel, enm wrcth cn tgh ocrst `klufn tgh nefhs ko tgksh epprke`ghs yku tgcnbyku fey gevh ushm ahokrh cn ykur the`gcni. Cn tgh ktghr `klufn, wrcth tgh nefhs ko tgksh

epprke`ghs yku gevh nhvhr ushm. ]gh trecnhr icvhs tgh pertc`cpents twk kr tgrhh fcnuths tk`kfplhth tghcr lcsts.

Yget yku erh ikcni tk mk nhxt cs lkkb eiecn et tgh epprke`ghs enm mcs`kvhr skfh pre`tcèlweys ko cn`krpkretcni tghh) cntk ykur the`gcni.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gh prhshntetckns sgkulm ah oun enm lcvhly. Ct ges ahhn e lkni&mey okr tghpertc`cpents, enm tgcs hxhr`csh cs cnthnmhm tk icvh tghf e oun arheb, et tgh sefh tcfh tget tghytry tk iht kn tkp ko tgh mcoohrhnt the`gcni epprke`ghs. @crùleth efkni tgh sfell irkups tkenswhr eny quhstckns. ]ghy erh nkt tk prhshnt tgh )gkw) ko tgh epprke`g, aut cnsthem tk mhohnm


19/118

tgh wgy ko tgh epprke`g. Ah vhry strc`t kn tgh lhnitg ko tgh mhohnshs, hvhn co ct fhens ùttcnitghf koo cn tgh fcmmlh ko e shnthn`h. ]gh trecnhr fust ah vhry etthntcvh tk tgh tcfh sphnt knhe`g e`tcvcty, kr tgh hxhr`csh wcll run tkk lkni.

Fethrcels4 strcps ko pephr wctg he`g ko tgh epprke`ghs, wkkmhn akx kr stkkl

]gh pertc`cpents `kunt koo orkf knh tk okur cn krmhr tk okrf okur irkups. He`g irkup cs

esscinhm twk the`gcni epprke`ghs orkf tgh `gert kn peihs 8=&88 cn tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel.Xscni e tkpc` ko tghcr `gkc`h 'mh4 crrhiuler vhras, tgh irkup cmhntcochs en cmhe okr e sefplhepplcètckn okr he`g ko tghcr epprke`ghs, okllkwcni tgh hxefplh cn tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel. Kn esghht ko nhwsprcnt, tghy wrcth tgh tctlh ko he`g ko tghcr epprke`ghs enm twk kr tgrhh shnthn`hsmhs`rcacni tgh epplcètckn cmhe.

]recnhrs nkths4 Co tgh pertc`cpents gevh mcoocùlty `gkkscni e tkpc` tgh trecnhr èn suiihst eocet ko tkpc` cmhes tk `gkksh orkf. ]gh trecnhr's wcll nhhm tk `crùleth efkni tgh irkupsghlpcni tghf iht unalk`bhm co nh`hssery. Ah surh tgh epplcètckns erh wrctthn es e`tcvctchs.

Fethrcels4 nhwsprcnt ferbhrs teph

E`tcvctchs

m. Mcsùssckn & 1: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

He`g sfell irkup prhshnts cts epprke`g, cts cmhe okr en epplcètckn e`tcvcty enm tgh retcknelh okr`gkkscni tget e`tcvcty okr tgh epprke`g. ]gh tktel irkup mcsùsshs tgh epprkprcethnhss ko he`gko tgh epplcètckns. Eothr ell tgh irkups gevh rhpkrthm tgh trecnhr lhems e rholh`tckn kn the`gcniepprke`ghs.

& Ygc`g epprke`ghs gem yku nhvhr shhn ahokrh;& Ygc`g mk yku lcbh;& Ygc`g shhn strenih tk yku ;& Lkkb the`g et wget yku wrkth herlchr eakut ykur kwn epprke`g.

&Ygc`g ko tgh epprke`ghs cn tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel mkhs ct rhshfalh tgh fkst;& Ygy cs ct cfpkrtent tk ush e verchty ko epprke`ghs tk the`gcni;& Gkw èn uscni mcoohrhnt epprke`ghs febh yku e ahtthr the`ghr 'trecnhr;

]recnhrs nkthm4 Ah vhry èrhoul ghrh tk `lercoy enm mcstcniucsg efkni tgh mcoohrhntepprke`ghs. Co tgh pertc`cpents cmhntcoy scfcler e`tcvctchs okr mcoohrhnt epprke`ghs, febh surhtghy unmhrstenm wgy tgh epplcètckn cs epprkprceth okr tgh knh enm nkt tgh ktghr kr hquellyepprkprceth okr aktg. ]gh cnthnt ko tgcs hxhr`csh cs okr tghf tk gevh knh ikkm hxefplh orkftghcr kwn ochlm okr he`g ko tgh epprke`ghs.

Fethrcels4 nhwsprcnt wkrb orkf tgh sfell irkups

E`tcvctchs

h. Fcnc&lhsskn prhperetckn & 5: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

Nkw wh erh ikcni tk ahicn e prk`hss tget wcll `kntcnuh okr tgh nhxt shvhrel mete. Es whmcsùsshm tgcs fkrncni, lherncni èn rhfecn eastre`t unlhss ct cs lcnbhm tk `kn`rhth, pre`tcèle`tckn. ]ghrhokrh, he`g ko yku murcni tgh nhxt shvhrel meys cs ikcni tk mhscin e fcnc&lhsskntget yku wcll the`g kn ]gursmey, fkrncni Sku wcll the`g tghsh lhsskns cn sfell irkups ko okurkr ocvh, okllkwcni fc`rk&the`gcni fkmhl. ]gh lhsskn wcll knly Lest okr 5: fcnuths enm èn ah knen, tkpc` yku wcsg.


20/118

]gh trecnhr tghn enswhrs eny quhstckns, strhsscni tk tgh irkup tget tghy wcll gevh plhnty kotcfh okr prhperetckn. Co tgh pertc`cpents gevh ahhn icvhn nkthakkbs, thll tghf tk turn tk e nhwsh`tckn, kr tk tebh skfh orhsg pephr enm mk tgh okllkwcni4 He`g phrskn, tgcnb ko en cmhe okr e58 fcnuth fcnc&lhsskn. ]ghn lkkb et tgh ocet ko the`gcni epprke`ghs, enm `gkksh knh okr ykurfcnc&lhsskn. Nkw wrcth tgrhh rheskns wgy yku `gksh tget epprke`g. ]ghrh cs nk sgercni kotghsh. ]gh shssckn cs nkw hnmhm, enm e rholh`tckn kn tgh mey ahicns.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gh pertc`cpents fey stert tk iht enxckus kr nhrvkus eakut tgh fcnc&lhssknesscinfhnt. ]ry tk rhlex tghf ay strhsscni tget ct cs nkt eny bcnm ko e thst, aut cs cnsthem knly epre`tcèl wey ko aktg cn`krpkretcni enm pre`tc`cni wget tghy erh lherncni murcni tgh trecncni.

Fethrcels4 cnmcvcmuel nkthakkbs kr pephr

Ette`gfhnts

GENMKX]

Epprke`g ]ghkrcst EssufptcknsKphrent A.O. Pbcnnhr Aeshm kn ahlcho tget gufen ahgevckr cs

@knmctckncni sgephm ay hxthrnel okr`hs. ]he`ghrs `knmctckn stumhntahgevckr ay prkvcmcni pksctcvh enm nhietcvh rhcnokr`hfhnttk stumhnts.

Emven`h Mevcm Cnokrfetckn sgkulm ocrst ah prhshnthm esKrienczhr Eusuahl en kvhrvchw ko e tkpc` cn tgh okrf ko e `gert, kutlcnh kr

mhs`rcptckn wgc`g prkvcmhs e wgklh pc`turh 'en emven`hkrienczhr. He`g sua&tkpc` èn tghn ah csklethm enmstumchm cn fkrh mhtecl.

@kn`hpt Dhrkfh Bnkwlhmih en ah krienczhm erkunm bhyEttecnfhnt Arunhr `kn`hpts. ]he`ghrs ghlp stumhnts mhvhlkp tghcr eaclcty tk

lhern enm tgcnb eakut `kn`hpts ay cmhntcoycni ettrcauths enmhxefplhs.

Cnqucry Qc`germ Ptumhnts mhvhlkp eaclcty tk auclm]recncni Pu`gfen tghkrchs ay uscni tgh s`chntcoc` fhtgkm. ]he`ghrs prkvcmh

stumhnts wctg puzzlcni hvhnts tk rhsklvh. ]ghy ghlpstumhnts unmhrstenm ell bnkwlhmih cs thntetcvh.

Lhielcstc` M. Klcvhr D. Pgevhr Ptumhnts fust lhern tk pertc`cpeth cn e mhfk`retc` sk`chty.]he`ghrs ush Pk`retc` kr `knorkntetcknel fhtgkm tkhn`kureih stumhnts tk cmhntcoy pualc` pklc`y cssuhs enmmhohnm tghcr pksctckns.

Pk`cel Perhnh Pcfuletckn ko rhelcstc` lcoh hvhnts cn ePcfuletckn Akk`k`b `kntrkllhm hnvcrknfhnt prkvcmhs stumhnts wctg tgh

kppkrtuncty tk hxphrchn`h sk`cel prk`hsshs enm tghcr kwnrhe`tckns tk tghf

Pynh`tc`s Ycllcef Ikrmkn @rhetcvcty èn ah teuigt tgrkuig irkup e`tcvctchs wgc`g ushfhtepgkr, enelkiy mhohrrhm dumihfhnt enm hfktcknelrhspknshs tk sklvh prkalhfs kr `rheth cmhes.

Nknmcrh`tcvh @erl Qkihrs Cn en hnvcrknfhnt wghrh stumhnts erh trusthm, prczhm enmhn`kureihm tk hxprhss tghcr ohhlcnis, stumhnts èn mhocnhtghcr kwn lherncni nhhms enm cmhntcoy tgh fkst fhencnioulstrethichs okr rhe`gcni tghf. ]he`ghr ushs cnthrvchwth`gncquhs tk iucmh stumhnts tkwerm shlo&rhelczetckn.

Pefplh Epplcètckns @knscmhretckns


21/118

Zrkireffhm cnstru`tckn pe`beihs ushm cnleniueih leakretkrchs4 He`g tcfh stumhnts`kfplhth e shnthn`h `krrh`tly tghy fkvh kn2cn`krrh`t enswhrs rhqucrh rhphtctckn untcl`krrh`t enswhrs erh icvhn.

& @kffuncèths cnokrfetckn& ]he`ghr&`hnthrhm& Eny eih, suadh`t& Qhlcen`h kn prkireffhm plenncni

E acklkiy the`ghr icvhs stumhnts e `gert kotgh texknkfy ko tgh plent oefcly enm cts sua&irkups. Pgh tghn lh`turhs fkvcni orkf aesc`tk fkrh `kfplhx esph`ts ko he`g irkup.

& @kffuncèths cnokrfetckn& ]he`ghr&`hnthrhm& Eny eih, suadh`t& Qhlcen`h kn lh`turh

E fetg the`ghr cntrkmu`h, tgh `kn`hpts kolcnh enm plenh. Ptumhnts enswhr yhs enm nkquhstckns untcl tghy èn cmhntcoy tgh hsshntcelettrcauths ko he`g `kn`hpt enm hxplecn ctsrulhs.

& @kffuncèths cnokrfetckn& Pkfhwget ]he`ghr&`hnthrhm& Eny eih, suadh`t& Qhlcen`h kn quhstckncni, hxplenetckn

E s`chn`h the`ghr prhshnts stumhnts wctg epuzzlh4 wghn twk lcqucms erh `kfacnhm tghcrtktel vklufh mh`rheshs. Ptumhnts ietghrmete, okrf en gypktghscs, try tk prkvh krmcsprkvh ct enm okrfuleth e tghkry eakut tghlcqucms.

& ]he`ghs prk`hss ko e`qucrcni cnokrfetckn& Pkfhwget the`ghr&`hnthrhm& Eny eih, hsph`celly ushm okr neturel enm sk`cels`chn`h

E sk`cel stumchs the`ghr prhshnts e èsh4Ygc`g leniueih sgkulm ah tgh netcknelleniueih; Ptumhnts irkup tghfshlvhs cntktgksh cn oevkr enm tgksh kppkshm, mhaeth tghcssuhs enm cmhntcoy `knolc`tcni veluhs.

& @kffuncèths sk`cel veluhs& ]he`ghr&`hnthrhm& Emklhs`hnts+emults, sk`cel stumchs, `cvc`s

Cn tgh !Lcoh @erhhr! iefh stumhnts essufhtgh rklh ko oc`tctckus phrskns, febh èrhhrenm oefcly mh`csckns enm hxphrchn`h tgh`knshquhn`hs et verckus cnthrvels.

& ]he`ghs cnokrfetckn+veluhs& Pkfhwget the`ghr&`hnthrhm& Emklhs`hnts+emults, tkpc`s cnvklvcni cnthre`tckn

Ptumhnts erh esbhm tk cnvhnt e nhw tkkl okrplentcni. ]ghy arecnstkrf e lcst ko kadh`ts lcbhtgh tkkl, cfeicnh tghfshlvhs !ah`kfcni tkkl,`kfacnh kppkscth ettrcauths tk mhs`rcah tghtkkl enm suiihst nhw mhscins.

& Hngen`hs phrsknel irkwtg& Pkfhwget stumhnt&`hnthrhm& Eny eih, eny suadh`t okr tgh prkalhf&sklvcni,nhw Cmhes, rhetcvh wrctcni

E the`ghr `kn`hrnhm ay stumhnt)s le`b kocnthrhst nhiktceths !wkrb `kntre`ts! wctg ghrstumhnts. Pgh fhhts wctg he`g stumhnt tkmcsùss tghcr lherncni plens, rhnhiktceths enmesscsts stumhnts cn e shlo&hveluetckn okllkwcnitgh mey)s wkrb.

& Okr phrsknel irkwtg& Ptumhnt&`hnthrhm& Emklhs`hnts+emults, stumhnt rhspknscaclcty okrsuadh`t

Phssckn = & @gclm enm emklhs`hnt lherncni

Phssckn kutlcnh



& mcsùss tgh aesc` `kn`hpts ko `kinctcvh enm eooh`tcvh mhvhlkpfhnt.& cmhntcoy mcoohrhnt irkupch, strethichs cn tgh `lessrkkf.& lcst ocvh lherncni strethichs tget hfhrih orkf tgh èsh stumy.

Fethrcels4 nhwsprcnt, ferbhrs, teph, `kinctcvh enm eooh`tcvh mkfecn well `gerts, tgrhh mh`bs koèrms, èsh stumy genmkuts, mhvhlkpfhntel prkoclh genmkuts, thn cmhntcèl kadh`ts, tgrhh ilesshs'knh tellhr enm nerrkwhr tgen tgh ktghr twk, e pct`ghr ko wethr


22/118

E`tcvctchs4

5: fcnC`h arhebhr]gh pertc`cpents mrew tghcr enswhrs tk gkw tghy tgcnb `gclmrhn lhern.

58 fcn

Lh`turhtth]gh trecnhr icvhs e sgkrt telb kn tgh mcoohrhnt weys `gclmrhn lhern, wctg sph`cel hfpgescs kn tgh`kinctcvh mkfecn.

58 fcnMcsùssckn]gh trecnhr lhems e mcsùssckn ko tgh fedkr pkcnts ko tgh lh`turhtth.

=: fcn@esh stumy]gh pertc`cpents fhht cn sfell irkups tk rhvchw tgh eooh`tcvh mkfecn ko `gclm lherncni tgrkuig eèsh stumy.

5: fcnIefh]gh pertc`cpents pley e iefh tget hfpgesczhs cssuhs cn phr`hptuel tgcnbcni.

]ktel tcfh4 5 [ gkurs

Kvhrvchw4 ]gh ocrst tgcni e the`ghr nhhms tk hxefcnh cn tgh hmuètcknel prk`hss cs gkw `gclmrhnenm emklhs`hnts lhern. Ct cs cfpkrtent tk `knscmhr lherncni prhohrhn`hs enm `kinctcvh, eooh`tcvh,enm psy`gkfktkr mhvhlkpfhnt, sk tget tgh the`ghr èn mhvhlkp strethichs okr mhscincniepprkprceth lherncni hxphrchn`hs tk fhht tgh nhhms ko tgh stumhnts.

]gh ocrst gelo ko tgh shssckn cs e lh`turh enm mcsùssckn kn tgh `kinctcvh mkfecn, hfpgesczcni tghwkrb ko Zceiht enm Arunnhr. ]gh sh`knm gelo ko tgh shssckn cs e èsh stumy, wgc`g gciglcigtsfedkr lherncni cssuhs cn tgh eooh`tcvh mkfecn. ]gh shssckn hnms wctg e iefh, wgc`g mhfknstreths

hxphrchntcelly tgh mcoocùltchs ko fcxhm phr`hptuel cfeihs.


& mcsùss tgh aesc` `kn`hpts ko `kinctcvh enm eooh`tcvh mhvhlkpfhnt.& cmhntcoy mcoohrhnt irkupcni strethichs cn tgh `lessrkkf.& lcst ocvh lherncni strethichs tget hfhrih orkf tgh èsh stumy.

Phssckn fethrcels4 nhwsprcnt, ferbhrs, teph, `kinctcvh enm eooh`tcvh mkfecn well `gerts, tgrhhmh`bs ko èrms, èsh stumy genmkuts, mhvhlkpfhntel prkoclh genmkuts, thn cmhntcèl kadh`ts, tgrhhilesshs 'knh tellhr enm nerrkwhr tgen tgh ktghr twk, e pct`ghr ko wethr

]recncni shssckn

E`tcvctchs

e. C`h arhebhr & 5: fcn

Zrk`hmurhs

Okur alenb sghhts ko nhwsprcnt, hescly e``hsscalh, sgkulm ah pksthm erkunm tgh trecncni rkkf.He`g sghht ges e shnthn`h wrctthn et tgh tkp4


23/118

& @gclmrhn lhern ahst wghn tghy & E `gclm)s phr`hptuel prhohrhn`h fcigt ah & En hfktckn tget fcigt eooh`t lherncni cs & E `gclm wgk ges mcoocùlty wrctcni fcigt

]gh trecnhr icvhs he`g pertc`cpent e ferbhr enm seys. Kn tgh wells erh okur pch`hs ko nhwsprcnthe`g gevcni e mcoohrhnt cn`kfplhth shnthn`h. ]ebh ykur ferbhrs enm mrew ykur rhspknsh tk

he`g ko tgksh okur shnthn`hs ]gcs cs nkt tk fhesurh ykur ertcstc` eaclctchs aut knly okr us tkihnhreth es feny cmhes es pksscalh Zlhesh tkn)s gklm ae`b & ah es `rhetcvh es yku èn.

]gh trecnhr sgkulm hn`kureih mcsùssckn enm fkmhl e rhlexhm enm oun stylh Ah surhpertc`cpents mrew skfhtgcni kn he`g ko tgh okur sghhts Yghn tghy ocncsg, tghy rhturn tk tghcrshets enm lkkb et ell tgh `revcnis.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gcs hxhr`csh cs nkt fhent tk cnctceth e irkup mcsùssckn, aut tk cnsthemhnealh tgh pertc`cpents tk rhelczh tghcr aceshs eakut gkw `gclmrhn lhern Mrewcnis sgkulm ah lhotup sk tget tghy èn ah rhohrrhm tk murcni tgh shssckn co nh`hssery

Fethrcels4 nhwsprcnt sghhts, ferbhrs kr `reykns, teph

Lkkb et tgh mrewcnis yku dust `kfplhthm. Yget tk yku nktc`h eakut tghf; Es wh èn shh,tghrh erh feny mcoohrhnt weys ko lkkbcni et tgh wey `gclmrhn lhern Ptumchs ko `gclm enmemklhs`hnt lherncni tghkry cn`lumh4

& mhvhlkpfhntel steihs& phr`hptuel systhf& cnokrfetckn prk`hsscni enm lherncni stylhs, enm& ktghr `knscmhretckns cn`lumcni hnvcrknfhntel mcoohrhn`hs 'su`g es ùlturel enm sk`celnkrfs, tgh pgyscèl hnvcrknfhnt ko tgh `lessrkkf enm irkupcni.

]gh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel mcsùsshs tghsh tkpc`s cn irhet mhtecl, sk okr nkw, wh wcll archoly rhvchwskfh ko tgh fedkr pkcnts enm tghn gevh e mcsùssckn eakut ykur rhe`tckns tk tghf

Lht)s lkkb ocrst et tgh tghkry ko mhvhlkpfhntel steihs. ]ghsh erh essk`cethm wctg tgrhh mkfecns

ko tgh lherncni prk`hss4 `kinctcvh, eooh`tcvh, enm psy`gkfktkr Ygk èn rhfhfahr wget tgh`kinctcvh mkfecn cs; ']gh `kinctcvh mkfecn hn`kfpesshs tgh tgkuigt prk`hsshs ushmlherncni Yget)s tgh eooh`tcvh mkfecn; 'hfktcknel mhvhlkpfhnt enm ohhlcni Enm tghpsy`gkfktkr mkfecn; 'tgh pgyscèl hfplkyfhnt ko tgh akmy murcni tgh lherncni prk`hss

Ko tgh tgrhh, tgh `kinctcvh mkfecn ges rh`hcvhm e irhet mhel ko etthntckn ay hmuètcknelpsy`gklkicst. ]gcs cs lerihly muh tk tgh oe`t tget hest hmuètcknel systhfs strhss tgh e`qucsctcknko bnkwlhmih kvhr tgh sk`cel, hfktcknel enm pgyscèl mhvhlkpfhnt ko tgh `gclm. ]gcs mkhs nktshhn tget eooh`tcvh enm psy`gkfktkr mhvhlkpfhnt sgkulm ah cinkrhm, fhrhly tget tghy gevhahhn icvhn lhss etthntckn cn tgh lcthreturh tgen tgh `kinctcvh esph`ts.

Yh erh ikcni tk lkkb et tgh wkrb ko twk fedkr hmuètcknel tghkrcsts. ]gh ocrst, Dhen Zceiht, ePwcss psy`gklkicst, prkvcmhm fu`g ko tgh tghkrhtcèl orefhwkrb kn wgc`g wh ùrrhntly aeshkur unmhrstenmcni ko `gclm `kinctcvh mhvhlkpfhnt. Aeshm kn gcs rhsher`g, wgc`g okrwerm kn

fhntel irkwtg enm mhvhlkpfhnt, Zceiht suiihsts ihnhrel tcfh phrckms 'lkkshly essk`cethmwctg eihs cn e `gclm)s lcoh wghn mcoohrhnt steihs ko mhvhlkpfhnt erh fkst lcbhly tk k`ùr. Ahprhshnts tghsh steihs cn twk lhvhls, tgh prhlkicèl enm tgh lkicèl.

]gh prhlkicèl steih `knscsts ko shnskrc&fktkr kphretckns enm prh&kphretcknel tgkuigt.Phnskrc&fktkr kphretckns prhmkfcneth orkf acrtg tk epprkxcfethly tgh eih ko twk. ]gh `gclm cscn e prh&vhrael steih enm aeshs gcs+ghr phr`hptckns ko tgh wkrlm kn kashrvetckns. Fu`g kowget tgh `gclm unmhrstenms cs shhn tgrkuig cfctetckn ko perhnts enm ktghrs wgk eooh`t gcs+ghrlcoh. ]gh `gclm mhvhlkps et tgh shnskrc&fktkr steih ay e`tcni kn tgh hnvcrknfhnt enmhstealcsgcni petthrns okr tgh hooh`tcvh e`qucsctckn ko bnkwlhmih enm e shnsh ko tgh wkrlm.


24/118

Murcni tgh prhlkicèl steih, tgh `gclm rhe`ghs e pkcnt ko `kn`hptuel mhvhlkpfhnt tget hnealhsgcf+ghr tk ahicn sphebcni enm mhvhlkpcni ktghr `kinctcvh enm sk`cel sbclls. Knh fcigt kashrvh`gclmrhn cn tgh shnskrc&fktkr steih4

& febcni skunms& rhe`tcni knly tk tghcr cffhmceth hnvcrknfhnt

& cfctetcni perhnts ihsturhs, skunms enm fkvhfhnt, enm& e`tcni cn en hik&`hntrc` fennhr.

Okr hxefplh4 ]gh `gclm mkhs nkt unmhrstenm tget okkm cs ahcni prhperhm okr gcf+ghr aut `rchsahèush okkm cs nkt cffhmcethly prhshnt.

]gh prhkphretcknel steih 'epprkxcfeth eihs4 1 &9 cs mhocnhm es tgh ]cfh wghn tgh `gclm csealh tk `kn`hptuelczh enm ush rhprhshntetckn cn tgkuigt2 es kppkshm tk tgh genms knkrchntetckn cn tgh shnskrc&fktkr steih. ]gcs cs hsph`celly hvcmhnt cn ahgevckr su`g es4

& Ppkbhn leniueih4 tgh ush ko wkrms tk rhprhshnt kadh`ts wctg he`g kadh`t ahicnncni tktebh kn cts kwn mhocnctckn.

& Mhohrrhm cfctetckn4 tgh eaclcty, tk cfcteth orkf fhfkry skfhtgcni tget cs nkt prhshnt.

& Pyfaklc` pley4 tgh ush ko en kadh`t tk rhprhshnt enktghr kadh`t. 'h.i., e pch`h ko wkkm krstknh èn rhprhshnt en encfel, e sklmchr, e vhgc`lh, ht`..

& Mrewcni4 tgh eaclcty tk rh`rheth, cn e mrewcni kr sbht`g, skfhtgcni tgh `gclm geshxphrchn`hm.

&Fhntel cfeihs4 tgh eaclcty tk hstealcsg fhntel mrewcnis enm stkrh cnthrnelczhm cfeihs cntgh fcnm.

Enktghr cfpkrtent esph`t ko tgh prhkphretcknel steih cs tgh sk`celczetckn ko ahgevckr. Et tgcssteih cn tgh sk`celczetckn prk`hss tgh `gclm cm fkvcni orkf hik`hntrc`, nknsk`cel ahgevckr tk`kffuncètcvh, sk`cel ahgevckr.

]gh the`ghr sgkulm ah ewerh tget prckr tk tgh eih ko shvhn kr hcigt, e `gclm fey gevh mcoocùltywctg `hrtecn `kinctcvh e`tcvctchs. ]ghsh mcoocùltchs cn`lumhm4

]rensokrfetckn4 tgh eaclcty, tk okllkw shquhn`h kr sthp ay sthp prk`hmurhs. He`g pch`h ko enkphretckn cs shhn cnmhphnmhntly. ]ebh kut e phn`cl kr ferbhr, gklm ct uprcigt kn e mhsb kr tealh,enm lht ct oell.

]gh `gclm fcigt gevh e prkalhf cmhntcoycni wget gepphnhm. Gh+sgh fey knly cmhntcoy tgh phn`cles ahcni vhrtcèl kr gkrczkntel. E prhkphretcknel `gclm knly mcstcniucsg e ahtwhhn tgksh twkpksctckns ko tgh phn`cl, wctgkut rh`kinczcni tgh prk`hss ko rhlhescni tgh phn`cl orkf fy ocnihrtcpenm lhttcni ct oell.

Mh&`hntretckn4 tgh eaclcty tk okùs kn e arkem renih ko phr`hptuel cnokrfetckn kr esph`ts ko en

hvhnt. Cn tgcs trensctcknel phrckm, tgh `gclm fey knly ah ealh tk `hnthr kr okùs kn e lcfcthmefkunt ko phr`hptckns wctg nk `kinctcvh hveluetckn. ]gh trecnhr pkcnts tk e pch`h ko `lktgcnienm esbs shvhrel pertc`cpents tk mhs`rcah tgh ierfhnt. Zrhkphretcknel `gclmrhn fey knly `hnthrkr okùs kn knh ko tgh prkphrtchs '`klkr, sgeph, sczh, auttkns, ht`. tget yku fhntcknhm.

Qhvhrscaclcty4 tgh eaclcty tk unmhrstenm e )rhvhrsh) e`t kr prk`hmurh. ]gh trecnhr tebhs thncmhntcèl kadh`ts enm ple`hs tghf cn twk rkws ko ocvh ko hquel lhnitg. ]ghn knh ko tgh rkws kokadh`ts cs lhnitghnhm ay fkvcni tgh kadh`ts ourtghr epert. Ell tgh pertc`cpents sgkulm ah ealh tkshh tgcs. @gclmrhn ncigt gevh e prkalhf unmhrstenmcni tget tgh nufahr ko kadh`ts gesrhfecnhm tgh sefh hvhn tgkuig tghy gevh wctnhsshm tgh the`ghr fkvcni tgh kadh`ts. ]ghy wcll


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scfply shh tget knh rkw cs lknihr tgen tgh ktghr. Pk rhvhrscaclcty fhens tget tgh `gclm èntrhvhrsh fhntelly en, e`tckn tget gh+sgh ges wctnhsshm.

@knshrvetckn4 tgh eaclcty tk `kn`hptuelczh tget kadh`ts enm quentctchs fey `genih cn e knhweys aut rhfecn tgh sefh cn ktghrs 'c.h. `knshrvetckn ko nufahrs, erhe, enm fess. ]ebcni epct`ghr enm e iless, tgh trecnhr tebhs twk mcoohrhnt sczhm ilesshs enm oclls he`g wctg tgh sefhefkunt ko wethr. Ygc`g iless ges fkrh wethr cn ct; hvhn tgkuig tgh `gclm ges shhn tgh sefh

efkunt ko wethr pkurhm cntk he`g iless, gh+sgh wcll typcèlly tgcnb tget tghrh cs fkrh wethr cntgh tellhr, nerrkwhr iless ahèush tgh wethr lhvhl sgkws gcighr.

]gh sh`knm lhvhl, tgh lkicèl steih, mhs`rcahs tgh `gclm es uscni ocrst `kn`rhth enm tghn okrfelkphretckns. Murcni tgh `kn`rhth kphretckns steih 'eihs 9&55, tgh `gclm h rheskncni prk`hsshsah`kfh lkicèl enm lkicèl tgkuigt prk`hsshs erh epplchm tk prkalhfs. ]gcs cs e `genih orkftgh strc`tly phr`hptuel mcstcn`tckns tget whrh mcsùsshm cn tgh prh&kphretcknel steih. ]gh `gclmahicns tk mh&`hnthr gcs+ghr tgcnbcni enm arkemhns phr`hptckns sk tget tgh prkalhf kotrensokrfetckn, `knshrvetckn, `hntretckn, enm rhvhrscaclcty èn ah sklvhm. Co tgh `gclm ges e`knolc`t ahtwhhn phr`hptckn enm rheskn, tgh `gclm wcll nkw febh dumihfhnts kn rheskn.

Pkfh ko tgh `gere`thrcstc`s ko e `kn`rhth tgcnbhr erh4

@lesscocètckn4 tgh eaclcty tk spkntenhkusly irkup kadh`ts ay knh ettrcauth, tghn sgcot tkenktghr ettrcauth enm rhirkup tgh e`nh kadh`ts. ]gh trecnhr genms kut tgrhh mh`bs ko èrmstk shvhrel pertc`cpents, ht`ghr es irkups kr es cnmcvcmuels. Gcll he`g ko yku nkw irkup tghshèrms; ]gcs sgkulm knly tebh eakut e fcnuth. Ct cs nkt nh`hssery tget tghy irkup ell tghèrms, knly tget tghy ahicn, sk tget tgh irkupcni petthrn tghy gevh `gkshn cs `lher. Gkw mcmyku irkup tgh èrms; E``krmcni tk `klkr; tk suct; tk nufahr; E prhkphretcknel `gclm ncigtah ealh tk irkup ay knh ettrcauth & `klkr, okr hxefplh. Aut cn tgh `kn`rhth kphretckns steih,tgh `gclm le shhcni tget tghrh erh feny weys tk unmhrstenm tgh sefh kadh`t kr cmhe.

@less cn`lusckn4 tgh eaclcty tk unmhrstenm enm `kkrmcneth, cn e gchrer`gcel shnsh, pert tkwgklh rhletcknsgcps. ]gh trecnhr mrews kr mcspleys tgcs pc`turh4

Ghrh, e `gclm cs prhshnthm wctg 5: arkwn wkkmhn ahems enm twk wgcth wkkmhn ahems. Coesbhm, !Erh tghrh fkrh wkkmhn ahems kr arkwn ahems;!, tgh prhlkicèl `gclm wcll typcèlly

enswhr tget tghrh erh fkrh arkwn ahems, mcstcniucsgcni ahtwhhn arkwn enm wgcth NK] tgetwgcth enm arkwn ahems erh ell wkkmhn. Cn tgh lkicèl steih ko `kn`rhth kphretckns, tgh `gclmahicns tk shh tget ahems gevh twk prkphrtchs, `klkr enm fethrcel.

Phrcetckn4 tgh eaclcty tk krmhr tgcnis ocrst, sh`knm, tgcrm, ht`.

@knshrvetckn4 tgh unmhrstenmcni tget nufahrs rhfecn tgh sefh hvhn co kphretckns '", &`genih 'tgcs èn ah epplchm tk quentcty, whcigt, vklufh, lhnitg.

Murcni tgh `kn`rhth kphretckns steih, tgh `gclm ahicns tk fkvh cntk fkrh sk`cel ahgevckr,ah`kfcni lhss hik`hntrc` enm hvh e``hptcni ko ktghrs pkcnts ko vchw enm mcoohrhn`hs.

]gh hmuètcknel cfplcètckns okr tgcs steih cn`lumh4 tgh `gclm e eaclcty tk rh`kinczh tcfh enmsphhm, èuselcty, `lesscoycni enm tgh krmhrcni ko kadh`ts enm cmhes. ]gh the`ghr cs `gellhnihm

tk cn`krpkreth fkrh `kfplhx cmhes enm rhletcknsgcps cntk lhsskns sk es tk ellkw tgh `gclm tkcnctceth prkalhf sklvcni.

Cn tgh sh`knm steih okrfel kphretckns 'epprkxcfeth eihs4 55 & 58 kr klmhr, tgh `gclm+emklhs`hnt ahicns sklvcni prkalhfs enm uscni `kfplhx rheskncni sbclls. ]gcs cs tgh ahicnncniko tgh emult tgkuigt prk`hsshs enm tgh cnmcvcmuel cs ocnh tuncni gcs+ghr eaclcty tk `knorknteastre`tckn enm enelyscs. ]gcs steih cs k`èscknelly ahyknm tgh rhe`g ko en cnmcvcmuelmhphnmcni kn tgh hnvcrknfhntel, pgyscèl `kinctcvh kr hfktcknel `knstrecnts gh+sghhxphrchn`hs. Okr hxefplh psy`gklkicsts gevh hstcfethm tget gelo tgh pkpuletckn ko tgh X.P.


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fey nhvhr rhe`g tgcs steih kr mhvhlkp okrfel kphretckns `kfplhthly, rhfecncni et tgh `kn`rhthkphretckns steih kr cn tgh trensctcknel pgesh.

Pkfh ko tgh `gere`thrcstc`s ko e okrfel tgcnbhr erh4

& Zrkaeaclcty4 tgh eaclcty tk mhvhlkp rhletcknsgcps ahtwhhn `knocrfhm enm pksscalh èshs krsctuetckns.

& @krrhletckns4 tgh eaclcty tk `kn`lumh tget tghrh cs kr cs nkt e èusel rhletcknsgcp cn en hvhntenm tgh eaclcty tk mrew cnohrhn`hs orkf mcoohrhnt vercealhs.

& @kfacnetckns4 tgh eaclcty tk ihnhreth pksscalh `kfacnetckns ko cmhes enm+kr sklutckns tkprkalhfs.

& Zrkpkrtcknel rheskncni4 tgh eaclcty tk mcs`kvhr tgh hquelcty ko tgh twk retcks wgc`g okrh eprkpkrtckn.

& @knshrvetckn4 tgh eaclcty tk mhmu`h enm vhrcoy `knshrvetckn orkf cfplchm `knshquhn`hs.

Cn ihnhrel wgclh tgh `kn`rhth tgcnbhr cs unealh tk ik ahyknm tgh icvhn tk `knscmhr èush enmhooh`t gypktghsczh kr enelyzh hxphrchn`h tgh phrskn wgk cs kphretcni cn tgh okrfel kphretcknssteih cs ealh tk rholh`t eakut gcs+ghr tgkuigts enm ohhlcnis enm shh sklutckns tk `rctcèlprkalhf.

Zceihts tghkry ges ahhn fu`g mhaethm cn aktg ]gcrm Ykrlm enm mhvhlkphm netckns. ]ghshsteihs fey nkt k`ùr hxe`tly es prhs`rcahm ay Zceiht aut gcs prhshntetckn fey shrvh es eushoul rhohrhn`h pkcnt okr the`ghrs tk hxefcnh tghcr kwn stumhnts mhvhlkpfhnt enm mhvhlkpepprkprceth the`gcni strethichs.

Enktghr tghkrcst wgk koohrs cnscigt cntk mhvhlkpfhntel tghkry cs Dhrkfh P. Arunhr. Gcs wkrbokllkws Zceiht retghr `lkshly. Arunhr mhs`rcahs tgh okllkwcni tgrhh prkirhsscvh fkmhs korhprhshntetckn ko tgh wkrlm4

Hne`tcvh4 tgh `gclm h cnthre`tckn wctg kadh`ts cn gcs+ghr wkrlm 'scfcler tk Zceihts shnskrc&fktkr

steih.

C`knc`4 tgh `gclms ush ko syfakls, cfeihs, enm rhprhshntetckn. ]gh `gclm cs ealh tk rh`rheth esctuetckn enm mhvhlkp cfeihry. ']gcs pkcnt cs nkt hvcmhnt cn Zceihts wkrb enm tgus cs wkrtgy kopertcùler nkth.

Pyfaklc`4 tgh `gclms ush ko leniueih enm syfakls enm eastre`tckns 'fu`g lcbh Zceiht.

Eltgkuig tghsh fkmhs erh prhshnthm es shpereth steihs, Arunhr mkhs nkt `knthnm tget tghyerh shquhntcel steihs. Qetghr, gh aeshs gcs `kn`hpts kn tgh okllkwcni4

5. Irkwtg cs4

e. @gere`thrczhm ay cn`rhescni cnmhphnmhn`h orkf cffhmceth stcfulc 'fkvhfhnt orkf

genms&kn, shnskrc&fktkr tk rhprhshntetckn.a. Mhphnmhnt kn tgh cnthrnelczetckn ko cnokrfetckn 'fhfkry systhf.

1. Cnthllh`tuel irkwtg mhphnms kn4

e. ]gh ush ko syfakls.a. ]gh cnthre`tckn ahtwhhn tgh stumhnt enm tgh hnvcrknfhnt.`. ]gh eaclcty tk phr`hcvh eastre`tckn, tcfh, enm elthrnetcvh sklutckns.


27/118

0. ]gh the`ghr shrvhs es e rklh fkmhl okr tgh stumhnt, sgkwcni gcf+ghr gkw tk `knorkntprkalhfs enm ghlpcni gcf+ghr lhern tk lhern.

Arunhr emvkèths tgh mcs`kvhry epprke`g tk lherncni. ]gcs fhens tget tgh rhspknscaclcty kolherncni lchs wctg tgh lhernhr. Gcs fecn `kn`hrn wes tk the`g `gclmrhn tk lhern sk tget tgh, fcigtah hooh`tcvh enm su``hssoul kut ko tgh `lessrkkf cn hvhrymey lcoh. ]gcs epprke`g cs hsph`cellyepplcèalh cn tgh s`chn`hs wghrh tgh prk`hss ko mcs`kvhry lherncni cs es fu`g e pert ko tgh

ùrrcùluf es tgh s`chntcoc` cnokrfetckn.

]gh the`ghr nhhms tk ah ewerh tget, es `gclmrhn pess tgrkuig mcoohrhnt `kinctcvh steihs, tghymhfknstreth e prhohrhn`h okr e pertcùler stylh ko lherncni. ]gus, tgh `gellhnih okr tgh`lessrkkf the`ghr cs tk fecntecn e aelen`h ahtwhhn cnmcvcmuel lherncni stylhs enm tgh nhhms kotgh irkup. He`g stylh ko lherncni cs bhyhm tk e pertcùler cnstru`tcknel enm `krrhspknmcnilherncni strethiy.

Okur ko tghsh lherncni enm cnstru`tcknel strethichs erh4

& Pkfh lhernhrs erh prcfercly cnthrhsthm cn oe`ts enm nhhm tgh the`ghr tk mhfknstreth,lh`turh, hxplecn enm `lercoy.

& Pkfh lhernhrs erh prcfercly cnthrhsthm cn phrsknel fhencni enm nhhm the`ghrs tk icvh erheskn, mcsùss enm enswhr quhstckns.

& Pkfh lhernhrs erh cnthrhsthm cn gkw tgcnis wkrb enm nhhm tk hxphrcfhnt enm gevhcnthre`tckn wctg phhrs enm tgh the`ghr.

& Pkfh lhernhrs erh cnthrhsthm cn shlo&mcs`kvhry enm nhhm tk the`g tghfshlvhs es kppkshmtk ahcni teuigt.

Ptumhnts wcll ahnhoct fkst wghn esscsthm cn uscni e verchty ko lherncni strethichs. Pkfh stylhsfey ah fkrh epperhnt et mcoohrhnt mhvhlkpfhntel steihs enm tgh cfplcètckns okr ùrrcùlufmhvhlkpfhnt erh scincocènt. Okr hxefplh, stumhnts cn Zceihts okrfel kphretckns steih'epprkxcfethly 55 & 58 yhers ko eih fcigt ah cnthrhsthm cn hxplkrcni cssuhs okr tghfshlvhsscn`h tghy erh cn tgh prk`hss ko mhvhlkpcni tghcr shlo `kn`hpt enm mhthrfcncni gkw tghy oct cntksk`chty. ]ghy erh `hrtecnly fkrh rhemy okr shlo&mcs`kvhry enm hxphrcfhntetckn tgen `gclmrhn cn eprhkphretcknel steih ko mhvhlkpfhnt.

Knh pksscalh `lessrkkf epplcètckn ko `gclm enm emklhs`hnt lherncni cs tgh strethiy ko irkupcnistumhnts okr lherncni e`tcvctchs. Ptumhnt lherncni stylhs fey ah emmrhsshm ay wkrbcnicnmcvcmuelly, wkrbcni cn pecrs, cn sfell irkups, wctg phhrs kr wctg emults. Irkupcni strethichssgkulm emmrhss es feny esph`ts ko tgh stumhnts lherncni stylhs es pksscalh enm ahepprkprceth tk tgh mhvhlkpfhntel èpe`ctchs ko tgh stumhnts. ]gcs cs nkt elweys pksscalh muh tktgh nufahr ko stumhnts cn tgh `less, tcfh oe`tkrs, fethrcels eveclealh, epe`h, enm sk kn. Pkfhpksscaclctchs okr irkupcni wghn pksscalh erh4

& EACLC]S & stumhnts wctg scfcler rhemcni eaclctchs, okr hxefplh, èn ah irkuphm tkihtghr tkprkirhss et en epprkprceth sphhm.

& ]EPB & stumhnts wkrbcni kn tgh sefh esscinfhnt ghlp he`g ktghr.

& CNMC_CMXELCTHM @KN]QE@]CNI & en cnmcvcmuel stumhnt enm tgh the`ghr èn wrcth e`kntre`t wgc`g kutlcnhs wkrb tget tgh cnmcvcmuel cs rhspknscalh tk `kfplhth. ]gcs wkrb cse``kfplcsghm ay tgh cnmcvcmuel wctg tgh suppkrt enm mcrh`tckn ko tgh the`ghr.

& LHEQNCNI P]SLH 'gkfkihnhkus & stumhnts wgk gevh tgh she prhohrrhm lherncni stylhs,'hctghr phr`hptuel kr cnokrfetckn prk`hsscni wkrb tkihtghr tk ghlp suppkrt enm fecntecncnokrfetckn prk`hsscni sbclls.


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& LHEQNCNI P]SLH 'ghthrkihnhkus & stumhnts wgk gevh mcoohrhnt prhohrrhm lherncnistylhs wkrb tkihtghr tk ghlp mhvhlkp nhw prk`hsscni sbclls.

& QENMKF & Ptumhnts `kunt koo enm erh esscinhm tk wkrb cn renmkf irkups. Qenmkfirkupcni ko stumhnts èn arheb up tcigt sua&irkups cn e `less enm ghlp stumhnts lhern tksgerh lherncni strethichs enm wkrb wctg ell `lessfeths tk hstealcsg sk`cel rhletcknsgcps enm`rheth e fkrh `kghscvh `less spcrct.

Yghn e the`ghr cs oe`hm wctg en hntcrh `lessrkkf ko stumhnts, gh+sgh fust ah ewerh tget elllherncni stylhs erh et wkrb. @kinctcvh, hfktcknel, hnvcrknfhntel, pgyscklkicèl enmpsy`gklkicèl nhhms ell febh up tgh lherncni prk`hss enm fust nkt ah cinkrhm aut retghrhfare`hm cn tgh plenncni ko `lessrkkf e`tcvctchs enm lherncni hxphrchn`hs.

Cn `kn`lusckn, tgh cfpkrtent tgcni tk rhfhfahr cs tget tghrh erh e gkst ko tghkrchs, fenymhvhlkphm cn tgh Yhst, tget fey kr fey nkt ah e``hptealh tk yku. Ct cs up tk us es hmuètkrs tkcmhntcoy tgksh tghkrchs tget wh ahlchvh cn enm mhscin `lessrkkf hxphrchn`hs tget wcll ahet ghlp`gclmrhn lhern ay ahcni ewerh ko tghcr mhvhlkpfhnt enm nhhms es `gclmrhn. Co tgh `gclmrhnsmhvhlkpfhntel nhhms erh NK] ahcni fht, wh tghn OECL es the`ghrs.

]recnhrs nkths4 ]gh lh`turhtth, tebhn mcrh`tly orkf tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel, ges ahhn wrctthn cnirhet mhtecl tk esscst tgh trecnhr. Mhphnmcni upkn tgh pertc`cpents oefclcercty wctg tgh fethrcel, ctèn hctghr ah prhshnthm cn oull, kr sgkrthnhm. ]gh cfpkrtent tgcni cs tk rhvchw tgh fethrcelprhshnthm kn tgh well `gerts suooc`chntly okr en encfethm mcsùssckn cn tgh nhxt e`tcvcty.

Fethrcels4 well `gerts ko lherncni tghkrchs, thn strews, stc`bs, rk`bs kr eny thn cmhntcèlkadh`ts, tgrhh mh`bs ko èrms, e phn`cl, tgrhh ilesshs ko mcoohrhnt sczhs, e pct`ghr ko wethr

E`tcvctchs

`. Mcsùssckn & 58 fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

]gh trecnhr lhems e mcsùssckn kn tgh lh`turhtth.

& Mk yku eirhh kr mcseirhh wctg Zceiht;& Mkhs ykur kwn `lessrkkf hxphrchn`h suppkrt tghsh tghkrchs kr nkt;& Yget mkhs `kinctcvh mhvhlkpfhnt tghkry fhen okr `lessrkkf e`tcvctchs;& Yget erh tgh menihrs ko emvkètcni knly knh lherncni tghkry;& Gkw èn the`ghrs cn `rkss&ùlturel sctuetckns vhrcoy tgh rhlhven`h ko hstealcsghm lherncnitghkry wctgcn tgh lkèl knthxt;

]recnhrs nkths4 ]ghrh cs e lkt ko fethrcel `kvhrhm cn tgh lh`turhtth tget fey ah nhw okr tghpertc`cpents. Xsh tgcs mcsùssckn es e tcfh okr enswhrcni quhstckns, enm hxplkrcni tgh `rkss&ùlturel cssuhs.

E`tcvctchs

m. @esh stumy & =: fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

]gh ktghr twk mkfecns erh tgh psy`gkfktkr enm tgh eooh`tcvh. Ygclh wh wknt gevh ]cfh tkmcsùss tgh psy`gkfktkr mkfecn tkmey, rhfhfahr tget psy`gkfktkr mhvhlkpfhnt rhohrs tktgh pgyscèl ush ko tgh `gclms akmy, murcni tgh lherncni prk`hss.

]gh eooh`tcvh mkfecn `kn`hrns tgh mhvhlkpfhnt ko ohhlcnis enm hfktckns cn tgh `gclm. Cthn`kfpesshs aktg tgh hnvcrknfhntel `knmctckns wgc`g fey ah eooh`tcni tgh wey `gclmrhn


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lhern, enm tgh gufencstc` `knmctckns wgc`g fey eooh`t tgh fennhr cn wgc`g tghy vchwtghfshlvhs enm ktghrs.

Zceiht essk`ceths eooh`tcvh mhvhlkpfhnt wctg sph`coc` steihs ko gcs `kinctcvh fkmhl4

& Zrhkphretcknel '1 & 94 ]gh `gclm cs dust ahicnncni tk hxphrchn`h enm mhvhlkp fkrelrheskncni, shùrcty, nhhms, enm thstcni emults+phhrs 'h.i. lycni, iuclt, `kn`hpts ko

puncsgfhnt enm dustc`h, rcigt enm wrkni ht`..

& @kn`rhth Kphretckns '9 & 55 4 ]gh `gclms wcll enm shnsh ko eutknkfy erh ahcnimhvhlkphm. Dumifhnts ko rcigt enm wrkni erh ahcni femh. @gclmrhn ahicn tk `gellhnihrulhs es tghy esshrt tghcr kpcnckns enm mcstcniucsg ahtwhhn lchs, mh`hptckn, enm rhelcty.

& Okrfel Kphretckns '55 & 58 kr klmhr4 ]gh `gclm mhvhlkps phrsknelcty, e `kn`hpt ko shlo enmshlo&cfpkrten`h. Ah+sgh emepts tk sk`chty enm mhvhlkps tgh erhes ko `kkphretckn, trust,shxuelcty, enm shhbs en e``hptealh steth ko hquclcarcuf wctgcn sk`cel ùlturel nkrfs enm`knstrecnts.

]gh hnvcrknfhnt ges e suastentcel hooh`t kn tgh lhernhr, es mkhs tgh cmhe ko shlo enmcnthrphrsknel rhletcknsgcps. Pu`g `knscmhretckns 'wgc`g gevh mcrh`t cfplcètckns okr ùrrcùlufmhscin cn`lumh shlo&`kn`hpt, veluhs `lercocètckn, oentesy, shùrcty, enm irkup mynefc`s.Earegef Feslkw mhvhlkphm e gchrer`gy ko nhhms wgc`g cmhntcochm o cvh steihs ko nhhms tget

fktcveth en cnmcvcmuel. Qhohr tk tgh well `gert. ]ghsh nhhm steihs cn`lumh4 pgyscklkicèl 'okkm,`lktgcni enm sghlthr, seohty enm shùrcty, sk`cel enm eooclcetckn, shlo&hsthhf enm shlo&e`tuelczetckn. He`g steih cs auclt upkn tgh prhvckus steih enm en unsetcsochm nhhm et knh steihmhnchs tgh cnmcvcmuel e``hss tk tgh nhxt. Xnmhrstenmcni tgcs gchrer`gy ko nhhms èn ah eveluealh tkkl okr tgh the`ghr trycni tk esshss e pertcùler pgesh cn e `gclms lherncni prk`hssenm tgh unmhrlycni nhhms tget fey ah eooh`tcni tget `gclms wkrb, fktcvetckn, enm rhletcknsgcpswctg phhrs, perhnts enm the`ghrs.

]k lkkb fkrh `lkshly et tgh eooh`tcvh mkfecn, wh erh ikcni tk ush e èsh stumy. ]gh trecnhricvhs he`g pertc`cpent e `kpy ko tgh èsh stumy. Zlhesh tebh ocvh fcnuths enm rhem tgh èshstumy Cvh dust icvhn yku. ]gh trecnhr icvhs tgh pertc`cpents tcfh tk rhem tgh stumy. 'Pkfhphkplh fey gevh mcoocùlty wctg skfh ko tgh vkèaulery.

]gh trecnhr tghn mcvcmhs tgh lerih irkup up cntk sfellhr irkups ko okur kr ocvh. Zlhesh mcsùsstgcs èsh cn ykur sfell irkup enm `kfh up wctg tgrhh mcoohrhnt strethichs okr ghlpcni Mknne. Chn`kureih yku tk ush ykur Qhohrhn`h Fenuel enm lkkb et tgh Feslkws gchrer`gy ko nhhms knpeih 59, enm Bklas lherncni `y`lh kn peihs 5=&58. ]gh sfell irkup wkrb sgkulm tebh eakut58 fcnuths. ]gkuig ct cs cfpkrtent tget tgh pertc`cpents gevh hnkuig tcfh cn tgh sfell irkups,ct cs fkrh cfpkrtent tget tghy rh`hcvh ohhmae`b cn tgh lerih irkup.

]gh pertc`cpents rhietghr enm he`g ko tgh sfell irkups archoly rhpkrts kn tghcr wkrb. ]ghtrecnhr tghn lhems e mcsùssckn.

& Ygy mk yku tgcnb Mknne s`krhm whll kn ghr thsts yht phrokrfhm pkkrly cn `less;& Ghrh tgh the`ghrs e`tckns epprkprceth;

& Yget `kulm tgh the`ghr gevh mknh mcoohrhntly;& Gkw èn e the`ghr ahst genmlh e mcoocùlt oefcly sctuetckn lcbh Mknnes ;& Yget mk yku mk co perhnt enm the`ghr gevh mcoohrhnt veluhs ;& Gkw `kulm tgh the`ghr `genih tgh `lessrkkf hnvcrknfhnt tk ghlp Mknne; Irkupcni;Cnmcvcmuel`kntre`tcni;

Ct cs cfpkrtent okr tgh trecnhr tk hnsurh tget tgh pertc`cpents febh tgh `knnh`tckns ahtwhhn tghtgrhh mkfecns enm ahgevckr cn tgh `lessrkkf.


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]gh trecnhr esbs tgh pertc`cpents tk turn tk tgh mhvhlkpfhntel prkoclh cn tgh epphnmcx ko tghcrQhohrhn`h Fenuels. Cn `lkscni, ghrh cs knh wey en hlhfhntery s`gkkl cn tgh Xncthm Pteths ges`gkshn tk ghlp tgh the`ghr bhhp tre`b ko e `gclms mhvhlkpfhnt cn aktg tgh eooh`tcvh enm`kinctcvh mkfecns. Cts èllhm e mhvhlkpfhntel prkoclh enm ct èn ah teclkrhm tk fhht tgh nhhmsko ykur kwn stumhnts es e wey ko rh`krmcni prkirhss. Et tgcs pertcùler s`gkkl, tghmhvhlkpfhntel prkoclh lcsts tgh mcoohrhnt esph`ts ko lherncni enm cs e``kfpenchm ay e wrctthnhveluetckn ay tgh the`ghr. ]gcs cs ushm cnsthem ko e rhpkrt èrm. Erh tghrh eny ocnel quhstckns ;

]recnhrs nkths4 Ah surh tgh pertc`cpents mk nkt sphnm tkk fu`g tcfh mcsùsscni tgh èshstumy. ]ghy sgkulm ah lcstcni tghcr strethichs kn nhwsprcnt es tghy telb. Co tgh pertc`cpents mk nktgevh `kpchs ko tgh Qhohrhn`h Fenuel, tgh trecnhr èn `kpy tgh mhvhlkpfhntel prkoclh enm ush ctes e genmkut.

Fethrcels4 well `gert ko Feslkw, èsh stumchs, nhwsprcnt, ferbhrs, teph, Qhohrhn`h Fenuelskr genmkuts ko tgh mhvhlkpfhntel prkoclh

E`tcvctchs

h. Iefh & 8 fcnuths

Zrk`hmurhs

]gh trecnhr ges ell tgh pertc`cpents stenm cn e `cr`lh erkunm gcf+ghr. ]k hnm tgh shssckn, whrhikcni tk pley e ihh ko phr`hptckn. Cts èllhm. Aci Ocsg, Lcttlh Ocsg. Yghn C lkkb et yku enm gklmfy genms lcbh tgcs 'tgh trecnhr sprhems gcs+ghr erfs oer epert, bhhpcni tgh genms perellhl tkhe`g ktghr es co mhs`rcacni e aci ocsg yku fcfc` fy ihsturh enm sey LC]]LH OCPG. Yghn Cgklm fy genms lcbh tgcs 'tgh trecnhr shpereths gcs+ghr genms okur&ocvh cn`ghs epert es comhs`rcacni e lcttlh ocsg yku fusc` fy ihsturh enm sey ACI OCPG. Co yku icvh fh tgh wrknienswhr, yku fust lhevh tgh `cr`lh enm ik sct mkwn.

]gh kadh`t ko tgcs hxhr`csh cs tk gevh pertc`cpents hxphrchn`h tgh mcoocùltchs ko fcxhmphr`hptuel fhsseihs4 shhcni e scin okr e aci ocsg enm fhntelly gevcni `k sey lcttlh ocsg. ]ghtrecnhr sgkulm ik quc`bly, knly icvh tgh mcrh`tckns kn`h, enm nkt icvh tgh pertc`cpents e `gen`htk tgcnb enm ociurh kut tgh `krrh`t rhspknsh.

]recnhr)s nkths4 ]gcs sgkulm ah oun, lcvhly, enm febh., tgh pertc`cpents leuig et tghfshlvhs okre shhfcnily `gclmlcbh iefh wgc`g cs e mcoocùlt phr`hptuel tesb. Bhhp ct ikcni vhry oest.

Ette`gfhnts

YELL @GEQ]

]gh @kinctcvh Mkfecn 'Zceiht

ZQH&LKIC@EL

Phnskrc&fktkr kphretckns& acrtg tk epprkxcfethly tgh eih ko twk.

Febcni skunmsQhe`tcni knly tk tgh cffhmceth hnvcrknfhntCfctetcni perhnts ihsturh., skunms, enm fkvhfhntE`tcni cn en hik&`hntrc` fennhr

Zrhkphretcknel steih&eihs 1 &9

Ppkbhn leniueihMhohrrhm cfctetcknPyfaklc` pley


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MrewcniFhntel cfeihs

sk`celczetckn prk`hss & orkf hik`hntrc`, nknsk`cel ahgevckr tk `kffuncètcvh, sk`cel ahgevckr

LKIC@EL

@kn`rhth kphretckns steih& eihs 9&55

@lesscocètckn@less cn`luscknPhrcetckn@knshrvetckn

Okrfel kphretckns steih& eihs 55 & 58 kr klmhr

Zrkaeaclcty@krrhletckns@kfacnetcknsZrkpkrtcknel rheskncni@knshrvetckn

sk`celczetckn prk`hss & lhss hik`hntrc` enm fkrh e``hptcni ko ktghrs pkcnts ko vchw enmmcoohrhn`hs

]QENPC]CKNEL MCOOC@XL]CHP

]rensokrfetckn & eaclcty tk okllkw shquhn`h kr sthp ay sthp prk`hmurhs

Mh&`hntretckn & eaclcty tk okùs kn e arkem renih ko phr`hptuel cnokrfetckn kr esph`ts ko en hvhnt

Qhvhrscaclcty & eaclcty tk unmhrstenm e rhvhrsh e`t kr prk`hmurh

@knshrvetckn & eaclcty tk `kn`hptuelczh tget kadh`ts enm quentctchs fey `genih cn skfh weys, aut

rhfecn tgh sefh cn ktghrs

YELL @GEQ]

@KINC]C_H MH_HLKZFHN] 'Arunhr

!Lherncni ay mcs`kvhry

]GQHH P]EIHP

Hne`tcvh4 ]gh `gclm)s cnthre`tckn wctg kadh`ts cn gcs+ghr wkrlm.

C`knc`4 ]gh `gclm)s ush ko syfakls, cfeihs, enm rhprhshntetckn2 tgh `gclm cs ealh tk rh`rheth esctuetckn enm mhvhlkp cfeihry.

Pyfaklc`4 ]gh `gclm)s ush ko leniueih enm syfakls enm eastre`tckns.

Aesc` prhfcshs

5. Irkwtg cs4

e. @gere`thrczhm ay cn`rhescni cnmhphnmhn`h orkf cffhmceth stcfulc.a. Mhphnmhnt kn tgh cnthrnelczetckn ko cnokrfetckn.


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1. Cnthllh`

Peace Corps Teacher Training: A Training Guide

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