Peace Corps Language Proficiency (LPI) Interview (LPI) Manual for Testers 2005

7/28/2019 Peace Corps Language Proficiency (LPI) Interview (LPI) Manual for Testers 2005

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D`gcu`cbQrljfhbgfyHgtbrvhbw

N`gu`d jlr ]bstbrs

Qb`fb Flrps

Hgjlrn`thlg Flddbfthlg `gm Bxfe`gcb

Qukdhf`thlg Gl' ]1061


2/150


]eb Qb`fb Flrps Hgjlrn`thlg Flddbfthlg `gm Bxfe`gcb %HFB($ ` ught lj teb Ljfffb lj Lvbrsb`s

Qrlcr`nnhgc `gm ]r`hghgc Vupplrt %LQ@]V($ n`ibs `v`hd`kdb teb str`tbchbs `gm tbfegldlchbs

mbvbdlpbm ky Qb`fb Flrps Zldugtbbrs$ tebhr fl.wlribrs$ `gm tebhr flugtbrp`rts tl mbvbdlpnbgt

lrc`ghz`thlgs `gm wlribrs wel nhcet ffgm tebn usbjud' HFB wlris whte Qb`fb Flrps tbfeghf`d`gm tr`hghgc spbfh`dhsts tl hmbgthjy `gm mbvbdlp hgjlrn`thlg lj `dd ihgms tl supplrt Zldugtbbrs

`gm lvbrsb`s st`jj' HFB `dsl flddbfts `gm mhssbnhg`tbs tr`hghgc cuhmbs$ furrhfud`$ dbsslg pd`gs$

prlobft rbplrts$ n`gu`ds$ `gm ltebr Qb`fb Flrps.cbgbr`tbm n`tbrh`ds mbvbdlpbm hg teb ffbdm'

Vlnb n`tbrh`ds `rb rbprhgtbm `s hs9 ltebrs prlvhmb ` slurfb ljffbdm.k`sbm hgjlrn`thlg jlr teb

prlmufthlg lj n`gu`ds lr jlr rbsb`rfe hg p`rthfud`r prlcr`n `rb`s' N`tbrh`ds te`t ylu suknht tl

HFB kbflnb p`rt lj teb Qb`fb Flrps d`rcbr flgtrhkuthlg tl mbvbdlpnbgt'

]ehs pukdhf`thlg w`s prlmufbm ky Qb`fb Flrps LQ@]V' Ht hs mhstrhkutbm terluce teb HFB ught'

Jlr jurtebr hgjlrn`thlg `klut HFB n`tbrh`ds %pbrhlmhf`ds$ kllis$ vhmbls$ btf'( `gm hgjlrn`thlg

sbrvhfbs$ lr jlr `mmhthlg`d flphbs lj tehs n`gu`d$ pdb`sb flgt`ft HFB `gm rbjbr tl teb HFB f`t`dlc

gunkbr te`t `ppb`rs lg teb pukdhf`thlg'

Qb`fb Flrps

Ljfffb lj Lvbrsb`s Qrlcr`nnhgc `gm ]r`hghgc Vupplrt


0000 ;1te Vtrbbt$ GS$ Vhxte Jdllr

S`sehgctlg$ MF ;12;:

]bd? ;1;':8;';:=1

J`x? ;1;':8;';:=0

@krhmcbm Mbwby Mbfhn`d Fd`sshfff`thlg %MMF( Gunkbr? =13

Ve`rb ylur bxpbrhbgfb!

@mm ylur bxpbrhbgfb tl teb HFB [bslurfb Fbgtbr' Vbgm ylur n`tbrh`ds tl us sl wb f`g

se`rb tebn whte ltebr mbvbdlpnbgt wlribrs' Xlur tbfeghf`d hgshcets sbrvb `s teb k`shs jlr

teb cbgbr`thlg lj HFB n`tbrh`ds$ rbprhgts$ `gm tr`hghgc n`tbrh`ds' ]eby `dsl bgsurb te`t HFB

hs prlvhmhgc teb nlst up.tl.m`tb hgglv`thvb prlkdbn.sldvhgc tbfeghqubs `gm hgjlrn`thlg

`v`hd`kdb tl ylu `gm ylur jbddlw mbvbdlpnbgt wlribrs'


3/150

D`gcu`cb

QrljfhbgfyHgtbrvhbw

N`gu`d jlr ]bstbrs

Qb`fb Flrps

;112


Qukdhf`thlg Gl' ]1061

[bprhgtbm \\\\\\\\\\


4/150


5/150

@figlwdbmcnbgts

]ebD`gcu`cb Qrlfhbgfy Hgtbrvhbw N`gu`d jlr ]bstbrs w`s mbvbdlpbm ky teb Qb`fb Flrps

tl bge`gfb teb `cbgfys d`gcu`cb tbsthgc prlcr`n' ]ehs n`gu`d hs lgb flnplgbgt lj `

tr`hghgc prlcr`n jlr d`gcu`cb tbstbrs %hgtbrvhbwbrs( te`t `dsl hgfdumbs ` sbt lj rldb.pd`y

f`rms$ nlmbd hgtbrvhbw rbflrmhgcs$ `gm ` vb.m`y tr`hghgc prlcr`n' ]eb tr`hghgc prlcr`njlr d`gcu`cb hgtbrvhbwbrs hs flgmuftbm hg ` rlt`thgc sfebmudb hg `dd flugtrhbs elsthgc Qb`fb

Flrps prlcr`ns' ]eb d`gcu`cb prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw %DQH( tr`hghgc prlcr`n `gm n`tbrh`d

bnud`tbs teb @nbrhf`g Flugfhd lg teb ]b`fehgc lj Jlrbhcg D`gcu`cbs %@F]JD( `gm hts lr`d

prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw ky ushgc hts cuhmbdhgbs `gm bst`kdhsehgc ` shnhd`r tr`hghgc prlfbss `gm

hgtbrvhbw prlfbmurbs$ strufturb$ `gm prltlflds' Vhgfb teb rbvhshlg lj @F]JDs Qrlfhbgfy

Cuhmbdhgbs w`s jbmbr`ddy jugmbm ky ` cr`gt jrln teb Rghtbm Vt`tbs Mbp`rtnbgt lj Bmuf`thlg$

teb lr`d prlfhbgfy cuhmbdhgbs `rb pukdhf mln`hg `gm `rb usbm `s teb flrgbrstlgb lj n`gy

d`gcu`cb tbsthgc prlcr`ns'

@F]JD hs ` strlgc flgtrhkutlr tl `gm supplrtbr lj teb Qb`fb Flrps tbsthgc prlcr`n'

]ebhr tr`hgbrs `rb rbcud`rdy ehrbm `s flgsudt`gts jlr teb tr`hghgc lj Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cbprlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw tbsthgc `gm ltebr `spbfts lj d`gcu`cb tr`hghgc' @F]JD `gm teb Qb`fb

Flrps `rb bgc`chgc hg ` flgtr`ft tl se`rb `gm mbvbdlp n`tbrh`ds jlr nudthpdb d`gcu`cbs tl kb

usbm hg tr`hghgc hg `gm lutshmb lj teb Rghtbm Vt`tbs'

]eb tbsthgc `gm tr`hghgc bxpbrhbgfb se`rbm hg tehs tbxt hs teb rbsudt lj bxtbgshvb tb`fehgc `gm

tr`hghgc hg teb Rghtbm Vt`tbs `gm bxpbrhbgfb `fquhrbm hg jrbqubgt tr`hghgcs `rlugm teb wlrdm

lg kbe`dj lj teb Qb`fb Flrps' ]eb tr`hghgcs `gm tr`vbdhgc rbsudtbm hg ` kbttbr ugmbrst`gmhgc

lj teb fdhbgtbdb lj hgtbrvhbwbrs$ j`fhdht`tlrs$ tr`hgbbs$ `gm Zldugtbbrs jlr wehfe tebsb n`tbrh`ds

`rb mbvbdlpbm' ]ebsb n`tbrh`ds wbrb mbvbdlpbm tl rbsplgm tl teb gbbms `gm mhvbrshty lj teb

Qb`fb Flrps prlcr`n'

]eb Qb`fb Flrps `figlwdbmcbs teb bxtr`lrmhg`ry wlri lj telsb wel bst`kdhsebm teb ehce

qu`dhty prlcr`n mbsfrhkbm lg tebsb p`cbsp`rthfud`rdy tbstbrs hg teb bdm `gm teb hgfrbmhkdb

supplrt plsts prlvhmb tl teb d`gcu`cb tr`hghgc `gm tbsthgc prlcr`ns'


6/150


7/150

]`kdb lj Flgtbgts

Hgtrlmufthlg''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''0

]eb Qb`fb Flrps D`gcu`cb ]bstbrs ]r`hghgc Qrlcr`n ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''3

]eb D`gcu`cb Qrlfhbgfy Hgtbrvhbw `gm teb [`thgc Vf`db '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''06

]eb Hgtbrvhbw Vtrufturb ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''';6

]eb @ssbssnbgt Frhtbrh` ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''66

Lkt`hghgc ` [`t`kdb V`npdb lj Vpbbfe''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''=6

Hgtbrvhbwbr Kbe`vhlr Zbrsus ]b`febr Kbe`vhlr? Pubsthlg ]ypbs'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''':3

Qrhgfhpdbs lj [`thgc `gm Qrlvhmhgc Jbbmk`fi''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''36

Hnpdhf`thlg lj DQH Qrhgfhpdbs hg ]b`fehgc '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''38

@ppbgmhfbs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''53


8/150


9/150

Hgtrlmufthlg

]eb Ehstlry lj Qb`fb Flrps D`gcu`cb ]r`hghgc

D`gcu`cb tr`hghgc e`s kbbg `g hgtbcr`d p`rt lj ` Qb`fb Flrps tr`hgbbs prbp`r`thlg shgfb

teb frb`thlg lj teb Qb`fb Flrps hg 08:0' ]eb Qb`fb Flrps @ft n`gm`tbm te`t d`gcu`cb

pbrjlrn`gfb kb p`rt lj teb prbp`r`thlg lj Qb`fb Flrps Zldugtbbrs' Ky teb 0831s$ teb d`w

prlvhmbm te`t Gl pbrslgs se`dd kb `sshcgbm tl muty s Zldugtbbrs hg `gy jlrbhcg flugtry

lr `rb` ugdbss `t teb thnb lj sufe `sshcgnbgt Yteby^ plssbss sufe rb`slg`kdb prlfhbgfy `s

Ytebhr^ `sshcgnbgt rbquhrbs hg spbìhgc teb d`gcu`cb lj teb flugtry lr `rb` tl wehfe Yteby

`rb^ `sshcgbm %Qb`fb Flrps @ft Quk' D' 53.;86$ thtdb H$ Vbf' ;=$ Vbpt' ;;$ 08:0$ 32 Vt`t' :;=('

Hghth`ddy$ Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb tr`hghgc w`s flgmuftbm hg tr`hghgc f`nps hg teb Rghtbm Vt`tbs'

Bvbgtu`ddy$ tehs rbsplgshkhdhty nlvbm tl teb mhjjbrbgt flugtrhbs webrb Zldugtbbrs sbrvb'

Qb`fb Flrps tr`hgbbs `gm Zldugtbbrs db`rg nlrb te`g 621 d`gcu`cbs `dd lvbr teb wlrdm' Vlnb

flugtrhbs tb`fe `s n`gy `s ;1 d`gcu`cbs$ wehdb ltebrs tb`fe lgb lr twl' Murhgc tebhr st`y hg.flugtry$ nlst Zldugtbbrs whdd db`rg nlrb te`g lgb d`gcu`cb'

]eb D`gcu`cb Qrlfhbgfy Hgtbrvhbw

Hg lrmbr tl tbst teb bjjbfthvbgbss lj d`gcu`cb `fquhshthlg$ hgtbrvhbwbrs `rb tr`hgbm tl `ssbss

tr`hgbbs `gm Zldugtbbrs lr`d prlfhbgfy whte `g `ssbssnbgt iglwg `s teb d`gcu`cb

prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw %DQH(' ]eb hgtbrvhbw flgshsts lj ` flgvbrs`thlg hg wehfe$ terluce `

prlfbss lj dbvbd febfis `gm prlkbs$ teb hgtbrvhbwbr bst`kdhsebs teb dbvbd hg wehfe ` spbìbr

hs `kdb tl pbrjlrn dhgcuhsthf jugfthlgs flgshstbgtdy$ `gm teb dbvbd hg wehfe teb spbìbr

kbchgs tl mbnlgstr`tb p`ttbrs lj brrlrs `gm wbìgbssbs hg jugfthlg`d pbrjlrn`gfb' Shte tehs

hgjlrn`thlg$ teb hgtbrvhbwbr mbtbrnhgbs teb dbvbd lj jugfthlg`d d`gcu`cb `khdhty `tt`hgbm ky

teb pbrslg hgtbrvhbwbm'

Shte teb d`gcu`cb prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw$ teb Qb`fb Flrps olhgs ` crlup lj bmuf`thlg`d$

clvbrgnbgt`d$ `gm prhv`tb hgsthtuthlgs wel rbdy lg ` d`gcu`cb prlfhbgfy `ssbssnbgt tl

bv`du`tb `gm hgjlrn hts nbnkbrs rbc`rmhgc tebhr dhgcuhsthf jugfthlg`d `khdhty' Ky tr`hghgc

hgtbrvhbwbrs `dd lvbr teb wlrdm$ teb Qb`fb Flrps prlvhmbs ` rbdh`kdb `ssbssnbgt jlr `dd

tr`hgbbs `gm Zldugtbbrs te`t f`g kb flnp`rbm tl ltebr `ssbssnbgt tllds hg teb Rghtbm Vt`tbs'

]ehs prlcr`n bg`kdbs teb lrc`ghz`thlg tl flddbft `gm hgtbrprbt hgjlrn`thlg `klut teb dbvbd lj

dhgcuhsthf prbp`rbmgbss lj tr`hgbbs `gm Zldugtbbrs$ `gm teb qu`dhty lj teb d`gcu`cb prlcr`n

te`t tr`hgbm tebn'

Qltbgth`d d`gcu`cb tbstbrs rbfbhvb hgtbrvhbwbr tr`hghgc hg Bgcdhse$ Vp`ghse$ lr Jrbgfe' ]ebg$

teb prhgfhpdbs lj tbsthgc `gm hgtbrvhbwhgc `rb `ppdhbm tl teb dlf`d d`gcu`cbs' ]erluce teb

fbrthf`thlg prlfbss$ Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw tbstbrs `rb fbrthbm tl tbst

hg `dd teb d`gcu`cbs tùcet ky Qb`fb Flrps prlcr`ns' @s ` rbsudt$ teb Qb`fb Flrps prlvhmbs

tbsthgc jlr slnb lj teb r`rbst d`gcu`cb v`rhbthbs hg teb wlrdm'


10/150

Hgtrlmufthlg

@F]JD gm teb Qrlfhbgfy Cuhmbdhgbs

Hghth`ddy$ teb Jlrbhcg Vbrvhfb Hgsthtutb prlvhmbm d`gcu`cb tbsthgc sbrvhfbs jlr teb Qb`fb

Flrps ushgc tebhr lwg r`thgc sf`db' Jrln 08:8 tl 088:$ teb Bmuf`thlg`d ]bsthgc Vbrvhfb

w`s rbsplgshkdb jlr teb supbrvhshlg lj tbsthgc' ]eb Qb`fb Flrps mbfhmbm tl krhgc teb tbsthgc

prlcr`n hg.elusb hg 088:'

]eb rst sf`db usbm tl nb`surb tr`hgbbs dhgcuhsthf `khdhty w`s teb Rghtbm Vt`tbs Jlrbhcg

Vbrvhfb Vf`db$ d`tbr iglwg `s teb Hgtbr`cbgfy D`gcu`cb [lugmt`kdb sf`db %HD[(' ]ehs

sf`db$ usbm shgfb teb 08:1s ky sbvbr`d clvbrgnbgt `cbgfhbs$ e`s strlgcbr `gm nlrb mbt`hdbm

mbsfrhptlrs `t teb ehcebr dbvbds kbfùsb ht w`s frb`tbm %`gm hs sthdd usbm( tl mbtbrnhgb teb

jugfthlg`d `khdhty lj f`gmhm`tbs tl wlri hg hgtbrg`thlg`d.rbd`tbm olks webrb ` ehce prlfhbgfy

dbvbd hs rbquhrbm' ]ehs sf`db mbgbs dbvbds whte gunkbrs r`gchgc jrln 1.2 tl mbsfrhkb db`rgbrs

jrln 1 %telsb whte gl jugfthlg`d `khdhty($ tl 2 %telsb wel f`g jugfthlg dhib ehcedy bmuf`tbm

prljbsshlg`d g`thvb spbìbrs(' Hg tehs sf`db$ 6$ 6) `gm up mbsfrhkb ` r`gcb lj spbìbrs wel

f`g wlri dhib bmuf`tbm spbìbrs hg ` chvbg d`gcu`cb' Jrln teb lutsbt$ tehs sf`db prbsbgtbm

dhnht`thlgs tl mbsfrhkb d`gcu`cb `fquhshthlg jlr d`gcu`cb tb`febrs$ shgfb ht mhm glt prlvhmb `krl`m bgluce v`rhbty lj mbsfrhptlrs tl mbgb mhjjbrbgfbs hg `khdhty `nlgc kbchggbr db`rgbrs'

Hg teb 0851s$ teb @nbrhf`g Flugfhd lg teb ]b`fehgc lj Jlrbhcg D`gcu`cbs %@F]JD( `gm teb

Bmuf`thlg`d ]bsthgc Vbrvhfb %B]V( wlribm lg nlmhbm cuhmbdhgbs jrln teb pbrspbfthvb lj

teb d`gcu`cb db`rgbr' Hg 085;$ ` sbt lj prlvhshlg`d cuhmbdhgbs w`s pukdhsebm `jtbr ` prlfbss lj

stumy `gm `g`dyshs$ `gm wbrb rbvhsbm hg 085:$ `gm `c`hg hg 0888' ]eb gbw cuhmbdhgbs

prlvhmbm ` whmbr r`gcb lj

mbsfrhptlrs `gm mhsthgfthlgs

`nlgc db`rgbrs$ wehfe prlvbm

usbjud jlr tb`febrs `gm

db`rgbrs' ]ebsb mbsfrhptlrsr`gcb jrln Glvhfb tl

Vupbrhlr$ whte sukdbvbds lj

Dlw$ Nhm$ `gm Ehce$

prlvhmhgc ghgb sukdbvbds

webrb teb HD[ sf`db prlvhmbm

shx$ `gm lgb dbvbd webrb teb

HD[ prlvhmbm vb'

]eb @F]JD Qrlfhbgfy

Cuhmbdhgbs %teb Cuhmbdhgbs(

rbsudtbm hg ` kbttbr hgstrunbgt

jlr Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb

prlcr`ns shgfb teby mbsfrhkb

elw db`rgbrs db`rg ` d`gcu`cb'

@F]JD Qrlfhbgfy Vf`db HD[ Vf db

Vupbrhlr

2

G`thvb lr Khdhgcu`d Qrlfhbgfy

=)

=Mhsthgcuhsebm prlfhbgfy

6)

6

Qrljbsshlg`d Slrihgc Qrlfhbgfy

@mv`gfbm Ehce )

@mv`gfbm Nhm

@mv`gfbm Dlw

Dhnhtbm Slrihgc Qrlfhbgfy

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Ehce )

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Nhm

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Dlw

Vurvhv`d Qrlfhbgfy

Glvhfb Ehce 1)

Glvhfb Nhm

Glvhfb Dlw

1

Gl Qr`fthf`d Qrlfhbgfy

@F]JD Qrlfhbgfy Vf`db HD[ Vf db

Vupbrhlr

2

G`thvb lr Khdhgcu`d Qrlfhbgfy

=)

=Mhsthgcuhsebm prlfhbgfy

6)

6

Qrljbsshlg`d Slrihgc Qrlfhbgfy

@mv`gfbm Ehce )

@mv`gfbm Nhm

@mv`gfbm Dlw

Dhnhtbm Slrihgc Qrlfhbgfy

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Ehce )

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Nhm

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Dlw

Vurvhv`d Qrlfhbgfy

Glvhfb Ehce 1)

Glvhfb Nhm

Glvhfb Dlw

1

Gl Qr`fthf`d Qrlfhbgfy


11/150

Hgtrlmufthlg

6

Ky 088:$ webg teb tbsthgc prlcr`n f`nb hg.elusb$ teb Cuhmbdhgbs wbrb teb frhtbrh` usbm tl

mbsfrhkb Zldugtbbrs dhgcuhsthf `khdhty' Lgfb teb tbsthgc prlcr`n w`s hg.elusb$ teb flnnlg

pr`fthfb e`s kbbg tl ehrb `g @F]JD tr`hgbr `s ` flgtr`ftlr tl tr`hg ` crlup lj hgtbrvhbwbrs hg

b`fe flugtry wel$ hg turg$ febfi tr`hgbbs `gm Zldugtbbrs lg tebhr mbvbdlpnbgt `s d`gcu`cb

spbìbrs lj teb dlf`d d`gcu`cbs gbbmbm tl pbrjlrn `s Zldugtbbrs'

]eb Cuhmbdhgbs cbgbrhf mbsfrhptlrs %sbb @ppbgmhx @( `rb ` v`du`kdb `ssbt jlr teb Qb`fb

Flrps shgfb teb `cbgfy tbsts nlrb te`g ;21 d`gcu`cbs `t mhjjbrbgt dbvbds %sbb @ppbgmhx J('

]eby `rb cbgbr`d bgluce tl `ppdy tl ` v`rhbty lj d`gcu`cbs ybt mbnlgstr`tb bgluce bxhkhdhty

tl kb sbgshthvb tl teb mhvbrshty lj dhgcuhsthf fe`r`ftbrhsthfs prlplsbm ky sl n`gy d`gcu`cbs'

Sehdb teb Cuhmbdhgbs `rb `g hnplrt`gt flrgbrstlgb lj teb tbsthgc prlcr`n$ teb DQH tr`hghgc hs

`g hgmhspbgs`kdb p`rt lj teb prbp`r`thlg lj hgtbrvhbwbrs tl prlvhmb teb tbsthgc sbrvhfb jlr teb

Qb`fb Flrps' Shte tehs n`gu`d$ teb pr`fthfb t`pbs whte hgtbrvhbw s`npdbs$ `gm teb vb.m`y

tr`hghgc$ teb tr`hghgc prlcr`n prbp`rbs hgtbrvhbwbrs `rlugm teb wlrdm tl prlvhmb ` v`du`kdb

sbrvhfb jlr teb Qb`fb Flrps'

]eb Hnplrt`gfb lj teb D`gcu`cb Qrlfhbgfy Hgtbrvhbw `gm teb

[ldb lj teb Hgtbrvhbwbr

]eb DQH prlvhmbs ` d`gcu`cb tl mbsfrhkb dhgcuhsthf flnpbtbgfhbs `gm tebrbjlrb mbsfrhkbs we`t

spbìbrs f`g ml whte we`t teby db`rg$ `gm elw bjjbfthvbdy teby f`g flnnughf`tb whte dlf`d

spbìbrs' ]eb jbbmk`fi te`t hgtbrvhbwbrs chvb tr`hgbbs `klut tebhr prlcrbss `s db`rgbrs cuhmbs

tebhr dhgcuhsthf mbvbdlpnbgt hg terbb hnplrt`gt st`cbs? terlucelut tebhr prb.sbrvhfb tr`hghgc9

kbjlrb tebhr DQH hgtbrvhbw `t teb bgm lj prb.sbrvhfb tr`hghgc9 `gm hg tebhr hgmbpbgmbgt db`rghgc

terluce tebhr tlur hg.flugtry' ]eb rbsudts lj teb hgtbrvhbw `dsl prlvhmb ` jr`nbwlri tl sbt

cl`ds jlr juturb db`rghgc' Hg tehs rbc`rm$ teb @F]JD Cuhmbdhgbs sbrvb `s ` rl`mn`p tl `tt`hg

ehcebr dbvbds lj flnnughf`thvb `gm jugfthlg`d pbrjlrn`gfb'

@t teb bgm lj prb.sbrvhfb tr`hghgc$ teb hgtbrvhbwbr prlvhmbs jbbmk`fi tl teb Qb`fb Flrps te`t

hgmhf`tbs webtebr lr glt tr`hgbbs `rb dhgcuhsthf`ddy prbp`rbm tl kb Zldugtbbrs' ]eb rbsudt lj teb

hgtbrvhbw$ flnkhgbm whte ltebr `ssbssnbgts prlvhmbm tl teb flugtry mhrbftlr$ whdd mbtbrnhgb `

tr`hgbbs suht`khdhty tl rbn`hg hg.flugtry `gm tl kb swlrg hg `s ` Zldugtbbr'

@mmhthlg`ddy$ DQH sflrbs `rb suknhttbm tl Qb`fb Flrps,S`sehgctlg `gm rbflrmbm hg lrmbr

tl rbplrt tl teb Qb`fb Flrps `gm Flgcrbss lg teb flnpdh`gfb lj teb Qb`fb Flrps @ft$ `gm

Zldugtbbrs prlcrbss hg d`gcu`cb prlfhbgfy' Ky fdlsb lj sbrvhfb$ teb DQH prlvhmbs hnplrt`gt

m`t` jlr juturb Qb`fb Flrps,S`sehgctlg rbjbrbgfb' ]ehs g`d rbflrmhgc lj teb Zldugtbbrs

jugfthlg`d `khdhty prlvhmbs hgjlrn`thlg rbc`rmhgc teb Zldugtbbrs hgflrplr`thlg tl teb

flnnughty `gm dhgcuhsthf prlcrbss `gm mbvbdlpnbgt murhgc sbrvhfb' Hg n`gy f`sbs$ tehs

rbplrt hs vbry usbjud tl Zldugtbbrs wel flgthgub hg tebhr stumhbs$ shgfb teb rbflrm bg`kdbs teb

Qb`fb Flrps tl prlvhmb ` rbjbrbgfb rbc`rmhgc tebhr dhgcuhsthf mbvbdlpnbgt$ jlr hgst`gfb$ jlr

cr`mu`tb sfelld `mnhsshlg$ olk sb`rfebs$ btf'


12/150

Hgtrlmufthlg

=

]eb DQH hs lgb hgmhf`tlr `nlgc ltebrs tl shcg`d Zldugtbbrs dbvbd lj prbp`rbmgbss tl pbrjlrn

tebhr t`sis' D`gcu`cb flgtrld hs fdlsbdy flggbftbm tl frlss.fudtur`d hgshcet$ `gm bjjbfthvb

sihdds hg tebsb twl `rb`s whdd crb`tdy bge`gfb plshthvb flnnughty rbd`thlgs `gm Zldugtbbrs

`khdhty tl juddd teb nhsshlg lj teb Qb`fb Flrps' ]eb r`thgcs prlvhmbm ky hgtbrvhbwbrs `sshst

`gm hgjlrn plsts `klut teb dbvbd lj prbp`rbmgbss lj teb tr`hgbb `gm Zldugtbbr tl j`fb teb

fe`ddbgcbs lj dhvhgc hg teb dlf`d glg.Bgcdhse spb`ihgc flnnughty'

]eb Qb`fb Flrps Nhsshlg

Hg 08:0$ Qrbshmbgt Oleg J' Ibggbmy bst`kdhsebm teb Qb`fb Flrps tl prlnltb

wlrdm pb`fb `gm jrhbgmsehp'

Cl`d 0' Ebdphgc teb pblpdb lj hgtbrbstbm flugtrhbs hg nbbthgc tebhr gbbms jlr

tr`hgbm nbg `gm wlnbg'

Cl`d ;' Ebdphgc prlnltb ` kbttbr ugmbrst`gmhgc lj @nbrhf`gs lg teb p`rt lj teb

pblpdbs sbrvbm'

Cl`d 6' Ebdphgc prlnltb ` kbttbr ugmbrst`gmhgc lj ltebr pblpdbs lg teb p`rt lj

`dd @nbrhf`gs'

Dhgcuhsthf `khdhty e`s `g hnplrt`gt rldb hg `dd terbb lj tebsb cl`ds$ chvbg te`t glgb lj tebn

f`g kb juddy `fflnpdhsebm hj Zldugtbbrs ml glt e`vb sujfhbgt `khdhty tl flnnughf`tb `gm

p`rthfhp`tb hg flnnughty dhjb'

]eb tbsthgc prlcr`n hs hnplrt`gt tl teb Qb`fb Flrps hg ` gunkbr lj w`ys' Ht hs usbm jlr mh`cglsthf `gm pd`fbnbgt purplsbs ky teb d`gcu`cb fllrmhg`tlr'

Ht mbtbrnhgbs webtebr tr`hgbbs d`gcu`cb flnpbtbgfb hs ehce bgluce tl `ddlw tebn tl

ml `g bjjbfthvb olk hg teb elst flugtry lr webtebr `mmhthlg`d tr`hghgc whdd kb rbquhrbm'

Ht ebdps d`gcu`cb fllrmhg`tlrs mbtbrnhgb webtebr tebhr prlcr`ns `rb bjjbfthvb hg

hgfrb`shgc teb d`gcu`cb flnpbtbgfb lj tebhr tr`hgbbs'

Ht nb`surbs elw nufe d`gcu`cb hnprlvbnbgt Zldugtbbrs n`ib hg teb bdm'

Ht prlvhmbs hnplrt`gt hgjlrn`thlg tl teb pbrslgs tbstbm `klut tebhr prlcrbss hg teb

d`gcu`cb `gm `klut teb tehgcs teby f`g ml tl hgfrb`sb tebhr d`gcu`cb flnpbtbgfy'

]eb nlst hnnbmh`tb usbs lj teb DQH?

]l `ssbss lutflnbs `t teb bgm lj ` teb prb.sbrvhfb tr`hghgc

]l ebdp tb`febrs `gm `mnhghstr`tlrs `ssbss tebhr prlcr`ns `gm furrhfudun

]l nb`surb prlcrbss jlddlwhgc ` shcghf`gt dhgcuhsthf bxpbrhbgfb sufe `s murhgc fdlsb

lj sbrvhfb


13/150

Hgtrlmufthlg

2

B`fe yb`r$ plsts rbplrt rbsudts lj teb DQH tl prlvhmb v`du`kdb hgjlrn`thlg lg teb prlcrbss `gm

qu`dhty lj b`fe plsts d`gcu`cb prlcr`n' @t teb bgm lj teb yb`r$ b`fe plst sbgms teb rbplrts

lj `dd teb DQHs mlgb murhgc teb yb`r %`jtbr prb.sbrvhfb tr`hghgc `gm fdlsb lj sbrvhfb(' ]ebsb

rbplrts `rb f`rbjuddy bx`nhgbm hg lrmbr tl prlvhmb jbbmk`fi tl teb rbchlgs `gm teb flugtrhbs

rbc`rmhgc tebhr d`gcu`cb prlcr`ns' ]eb Fbgtbr jlr Jhbdm @sshst`gfb `gm @ppdhbm [bsb`rfe

%teb Fbgtbr( prlvhmbs jbbmk`fi `gm rbflnnbgm`thlgs rbc`rmhgc teb mbvbdlpnbgt lj tebd`gcu`cb prlcr`n `t plst `s wbdd `s rbchlg`ddy' Ht `dsl prlvhmbs `g bdbnbgt lj flnp`rhslg

kbtwbbg flugtrhbs hg tbrns lj rbquhrbnbgts$ qu`dhty lj teb d`gcu`cb prlcr`n$ `gm Zldugtbbr

mbvbdlpnbgt `gm prlcrbss'

Hj teb d`gcu`cb tbsthgc prlcr`n hs tl prlvhmb supplrt tl teb d`gcu`cb prlcr`n `gm tl teb

Qb`fb Flrps nhsshlg$ ht hs frufh`ddy hnplrt`gt jlr `dd d`gcu`cb hgtbrvhbwbrs tl kbflnb

bxpbrhbgfbm hgtbrvhbwbrs$ ehcedy vbrsbm hg teb tbsthgc tbfeghqubs gm prltlflds lj teb DQH'

]ehs whdd flgtrhkutb tl teb rbdh`khdhty lj teb `ssbssnbgt hgstrunbgt `gm hgtbrvhbwbr' Sebg `dd

hgtbrvhbwbrs f`rry lut teb hgtbrvhbwhgc prlfbss hg teb s`nb w`y `gm `fflrmhgc tl teb s`nb

st`gm`rms `s bvbry ltebr hgtbrvhbwbr$ teb r`thgc whdd kb nlrb `ffur`tb `gm vbrh`kdb$ shgfb

mhjjbrbgt hgtbrvhbwbrs whdd kb `kdb tl `rrhvb tl teb s`nb r`thgc `s teby dhstbg tl teb s`npdblj teb kbst pbrjlrn`gfb `khdhty lj teb spb`ibrs' Rgdbss tebrb hs ehce rbdh`khdhty hg tebsb

hgtbrvhbwsrbc`rmdbss lj webrb teby rb chvbg lr ky welnteb tbsthgc prlcr`n f`gglt

jugfthlg bjjbfthvbdy' Jlr tehs rb`slg$ ht hs hnplrt`gt jlr teb prlspbfthvb hgtbrvhbwbr tl spbgm

thnb `gm bjjlrt db`rghgc `klut `gm pr`fthfhgc teb hgtbrvhbw tbfeghqubs `gm$ lgfb fbrthbm tl

tbst$ tl flgthgub tl rbgb tbfeghqubs `gm tl ibbp tbsthgc `ffur`fy `gm rbdh`khdhty `t ` ehce dbvbd'


14/150

Hgtrlmufthlg


15/150

]eb Qb`fb Flrps D`gcu`cb ]bstbrs ]r`hghgc Qrlcr`n

Mbsfrhpthlg lj Qb`fb Flrps DQH ]bstbrs

Qb`fb Flrps DQH fbrthbm tbstbrs %rbjbrrbm tl `s hgtbrvhbwbrs terlucelut tehs n`gu`d( `rb

spbfh`dhzbm d`gcu`cb prljbsshlg`ds wel e`vb flnpdbtbm ` rhclrlus tr`hghgc prlfbss `gm e`vb

nbt bst`kdhsebm frhtbrh` jlr fbrthf`thlg ky teb Qb`fb Flrps' D`gcu`cb hgtbrvhbwbrs rbprbsbgt

` frhthf`d rbslurfb tl teb `cbgfy `gm tl dlf`d Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb prlcr`ns' Fbrthf`thlg

`s ` Qb`fb Flrps DQH tbstbr v`dhm`tbs `g hgtbrvhbwbrs ugmbrst`gmhgc lj teb prhgfhpdbs `gm

flgfbpts lj lr`d prlfhbgfy tbsthgc `gm teb `khdhty tl `ppdy teblry tl pr`fthfb' Fbrthf`thlg

`dsl `figlwdbmcbs `g hgtbrvhbwbrs `khdhty tl flgmuft `gm r`tb lr`d prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbws

whte ` ehce mbcrbb lj rbdh`khdhty'

[hcets `gm [bsplgshkhdhthbs lj Qb`fb Flrps DQH ]bstbrs

Qb`fb Flrps DQH.fbrthbm tbstbrs `rb ùtelrhzbm tl flgmuft DQHs `gm tl `sshcg r`thgcs hg tebhr

lwg dlf`d d`gcu`cbs' Qb`fb Flrps DQH tbstbrs `rb lgdy ùtelrhzbm tl flgmuft tbsthgc jlr tebQb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb prlcr`n hg teb d`gcu`cbs hg wehfe teb hgtbrvhbwbr e`s kbbg fbrthbm'

]eby n`y glt pbrjlrn Qb`fb Flrps DQHs lutshmb lj Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb prlcr`ns whtelut

wrhttbg pbrnhsshlg jrln teb Qb`fb Flrps' Qb`fb Flrps DQH tbstbrs `rb glt ùtelrhzbm tl

flgmuft Qb`fb Flrps DQH tr`hghgc'

Qb`fb Flrps DQH tbstbrs `crbb tl flgmuft DQHs `fflrmhgc tl teb pldhfhbs$ prlfbmurbs$ `gm

prltlfld bst`kdhsebm ky teb Qb`fb Flrps DQH' Qb`fb Flrps DQH tbstbrs `crbb tl? n`hgt`hg

teb ehcebst dbvbd lj qu`dhty hg tbsthgc `gm r`thgc murhgc tebhr fbrthf`thlg pbrhlm9 tl `ttbgm

rbjrbsebr nbbthgcs9 `gm tl upeldm teb ehcebst prljbsshlg`d `gm btehf`d st`gm`rms hg tbst

`mnhghstr`thlg `gm r`thgc'

]eb Qb`fb Flrps nìbs ` flgshmbr`kdb hgvbstnbgt lj rbslurfbs tl prbp`rb plst tl `mnhghstbr

` rbdh`kdb tbsthgc prlcr`n' Lgfb tr`hghgc `gm fbrthf`thlg hs flnpdbtb$ teb Qb`fb Flrps

flugts lg teb tr`hgbm tbstbrs `gm plsts d`gcu`cb prlcr`n tl n`hgt`hg teb ehcebst st`gm`rms lj

tbsthgc `gm r`thgc terlucelut teb fbrthf`thlg pbrhlm' ]bstbrs whdd kb hgvhtbm lg ` rbcud`r k`shs

tl tbst tr`hgbbs `gm Zldugtbbrs'

Qb`fb Flrps DQH tbstbr fbrthf`thlg hs v`dhm jlr ` n`xhnun lj vb yb`rs' @t teb bgm lj vb

yb`rs$ tbstbrs nust rbfbrthjy tl n`hgt`hg fbrthf`thlg' [bflnnbgm`thlg jlr rbfbrthf`thlg

tr`hghgc mbpbgms uplg teb pbrjlrn`gfb `s ` tbstbr murhgc teb prbvhlus vb yb`rs lj fbrthf`thlg'

]bstbr Vbdbfthlg

Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb tbstbrs `rb sbdbftbm k`sbm lg teb jlddlwhgc qu`dhf`thlgs'

0' Qrlfhbgfy hg teb d`gcu`cbs usbm jlr tr`hghgc `gm tbsthgc' Sehdb `g bjjlrt whdd kb

n`mb tl prlvhmb tr`hghgc hg ` d`gcu`cb splibg ky teb p`rthfhp`gt$ teb fe`ddbgcb lj teb

v`rhbty lj d`gcu`cbs splibg hg Qb`fb Flrps elst flugtrhbs whdd glt `ddlw jlr tr`hghgc hg


16/150

d`gcu`cbs ltebr te`g Bgcdhse$ Vp`ghse$ `gm Jrbgfe' ]ebrbjlrb$ `g hnplrt`gt rbquhrbnbgt

hs teb hgtbrvhbwbrs flnpbtbgfb hg lgb lj teb tr`hghgc d`gcu`cbs' ]eb tr`hgbr whdd nìb

bjjlrts tl ebdp p`rthfhp`gts ugmbrst`gm ky ushgc vhsu`d `hms %nudthnbmh` prbsbgt`thlgs$

e`gm luts$ btf'($ `gm$ `s ` d`st rbslrt$ prlvhmhgc `g hgtbrprbtbr' Sehdb d`gcu`cb

dhnht`thlgs lg teb tr`hghgc d`gcu`cb `rb ug`vlhm`kdb$ tebsb f`gglt kb gbclth`tbm jlr

teb tbst d`gcu`cb? teb hgtbrvhbwbr seludm mbnlgstr`tb `t db`st teb @mv`gfbm dbvbd ljprlfhbgfy hg teb dlf`d d`gcu`cb' Qltbgth`d hgtbrvhbwbrs d`gcu`cb sihdds seludm kb `t

` ehcebr dbvbd te`g teb sihdd dbvbd lj teb spbìbrs' Hj hgtbrvhbwbrs `rb glt Vupbrhlr$ teby

whdd glt kb `kdb tl tbst Zldugtbbrs `t fdlsb lj sbrvhfb'

;' @pprlprh`tb pbrslg`d lrhbgt`thlg `gm k`ficrlugm jlr bjjbfthvb tbsthgc wlri' Bjjbfthvb

hgtbrvhbwbrs e`vb bgluce bxpbrhbgfb whte teb Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb tr`hghgc prlcr`ns

lr ltebr d`gcu`cb tb`fehgc `gm db`rghgc `fthvhthbs tl `ddlw tebn tl rbd`tb bjjbfthvbdy tl

tr`hgbbs lr Zldugtbbrs `gm tl ugmbrst`gm tebhr gbbms `s d`gcu`cb stumbgts' Hg `mmhthlg$

hgtbrvhbwbrs seludm rbd`tb wbdd lg ` pbrslg`d dbvbd `gm kb `kdb tl put pblpdb `t b`sb

hg teb hgtbrvhbw shtu`thlg' Qbrslg`d sihdds `rb bssbgth`d tl n`hgt`hg `g bgflur`chgc `gm

bgteush`sthf hgtbrvhbw'

6' @v`hd`khdhty tl tr`vbd tl v`rhlus tbsthgc shtbs `t v`rhlus thnbs lj teb yb`r' ]eb hgtbrvhbwbrnust tr`vbd$ slnbthnbs lg selrt glthfb$ tl mhjjbrbgt tbsthgc shtbs `gm kb `v`hd`kdb jlr

tbsthgc `s rbquhrbm terlucelut teb yb`r'

=' @khdhty tl flgjlrn tl teb tbfeghf`d `gm `mnhghstr`thvb rbquhrbnbgts lj teb tbsthgc

prlcr`n' Hg sufe ` d`rcb.sf`db ugmbrtìhgc `s teb Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb tbsthgc

prlcr`n$ b`fe hgtbrvhbwbr nust jlddlw fbrt`hg hnplrt`gt tbfeghf`d `gm `mnhghstr`thvb

prlfbmurbs' ]ebrb `rb ` gunkbr lj jlrns tl flnpdbtb `gm rudbs tl jlddlw `s ` glrn`d

p`rt lj teb p`rthfhp`thlg hg teb prlcr`n' Qrlnpt flnpdh`gfb whte tebsb prlfbmurbs hs `s

hnplrt`gt `s teb hgtbrvhbw'

Qrbp`r`thlg jlr teb DQH ]r`hghgc `gm Fbrthf`thlgF`rbjuddy wlri terluce teb jlddlwhgc stbps lj teb hgstrufthlg`d prlcr`n tl prbp`rb jlr teb

DQH tr`hghgc'

0' ]elrlucedy rb`m teb Qb`fb Flrps D`gcu`cb Qrlfhbgfy Hgtbrvhbw N`gu`djlr

D`gcu`cb ]bstbrs' ]ehs n`gu`d hs teb fbgtr`d rbslurfb jlr teb DQH tr`hghgc `gm teb

ljfh`d cuhmb jlr hgtbrvhbwbrs' Hgtbrvhbwbrs `rb rbsplgshkdb jlr ibbphgc teb n`gu`d up

tl m`tb webg rbvhshlgs lr `mmhthlgs `rb n`mb `gm jlr kbhgc `w`rb lj `gy fe`gcbs hg teb

tbsthgc prlcr`n' Sebg fe`gcbs `rb n`mb$ plst whdd kb glthbm ky teb Fbgtbr `gm teb

]r`hghgc Vt`jj Mbvbdlpnbgt Rght %]VMR( prlnptdy `gm ljfh`ddy' Vt`jj hg fe`rcb lj

tebsb flnnughf`thlgs `rb teb Fbgtbrs d`gcu`cb tbsthgc spbfh`dhst$ teb d`gcu`cb tr`hghgc

spbfh`dhst$ `gm teb d`gcu`cb tr`hghgc fllrmhg`tlr'

;' Dhstbg tl ` prbsfrhkbm sbt lj hgtbrvhbw tr`hghgc t`pbs' ]eb tr`hghgc n`tbrh`ds hgfdumb `

sbt lj 01 t`pb.rbflrmbm hgtbrvhbws shnhd`r tl telsb teb hgtbrvhbwbr whdd chvb hg teb bdm'

@jtbr rb`mhgc tehs n`gu`d$ dhstbg f`rbjuddy tl b`fe t`pbm hgtbrvhbw hg lrmbr `gm rb`m teb

bxpd`g`tlry flnnbgts prlvhmbm jlr b`fe hgtbrvhbw' ]eb ljfh`d r`thgc$ flnnbgts lg



17/150

v`rhlus `spbfts lj teb hgtbrvhbw$ `gm rb`slgs jlr teb p`rthfud`r r`thgc `rb hgmhf`tbm jlr

b`fe t`pbm hgtbrvhbw' ]ebsb t`pbs ebdp hgtbrvhbwbrs kbflnb j`nhdh`r whte teb mhjjbrbgt

prlfhbgfy dbvbds `gm whte teb typb lj d`gcu`cb pbrjlrn`gfb rbprbsbgtbm hg b`fe f`sb'

Dhstbg tl teb t`pbs `gm hgtbrvhbwbrs seludm rbvhbw teb r`thgc sf`db hg lrmbr tl `ffur`tbdy

oumcb we`t dbvbd tl `sshcg tl ltebr hgtbrvhbws' Vbt `shmb ` judd m`y tl dhstbg tl teb t`pbs

dbhsurbdy `gm f`rbjuddy `gm rbvhbw teb n`gu`d `gm teb tr`hghgc t pbs kbjlrb nbbthgcwhte teb tbstbr tr`hgbr'

6' Q`rthfhp`tb hg ` wlriselp whte teb tbstbr tr`hgbr' @g DQH tr`hgbr wel hs ` fbrthbm tbstbr

hg `t db`st lgb Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb `gm wel hs `dsl bxpbrhbgfbm hg tr`hghgc tbstbrs whdd

vhsht teb plst tl nbbt whte prlspbfthvb hgtbrvhbwbrs' Qrlspbfthvb hgtbrvhbwbrs whdd kb

hgjlrnbm lj teb m`tb lj teb vhsht `gm `sibm tl `ttbgm teb tbstbr tr`hghgc wlriselp'

=' Fbrthf`thlg prlfbss' ]l kbflnb fbrthbm$ ylu nust?

`' Vtumy teb tr hghgc n`tbrh`ds `eb`m lj thnb

k' @ttbgm teb vb.m`y tr`hghgc

f' Qrbp`rb twl hgtbrvhbws jlr bv`du`thlgm' Flnpdbtb teb fbrthf`thlg tbst

b' [bfbhvb fbrthf`thlg jrln eb`mqu`rtbrs %hg flgsudt`thlg whte tr`hgbr(

]ebrb `rb terbb plsshkdb rbsudts lj teb fbrthf`thlg prlfbss?

Judd Fbrthf`thlg' Q`rthfhp`gt hs `utelrhzbm tl flgmuft Qb`fb Flrps DQHs jlr vb yb`rs

lr ugthd teb gbxt DQH tbstbr tr`hgbr wlriselp'

Qrlvhshlg`d Fbrthf`thlg' Q`rthfhp`gt nust e`vb `dd hgtbrvhbws mlukdb.r`tbm ky `

mbshcg`tbm fbrthbm tbstbr wehdb prbp`rhgc tl suknht `gltebr fbrthf`thlg rlugm' @dd

prlvhshlg`ddy fbrthbm tbstbrs seludm flnpdbtb tebhr fbrthf`thlg `s sllg `s plsshkdb'

Ky teb bgm lj teb gbxt prb.sbrvhfb tr`hghgc$ tbstbrs seludm prbsbgt vb lj tebhr dlf`d

d`gcu`cb t`pbs jlr kdhgm sbflgm r`thgc tl ltebr fbrthbm tbstbrs' Lg tebsb hgtbrvhbws$

r`thgcs seludm `crbb lg dbvbd `gm sukdbvbds hg terbb lut lj vb r`thgcs$ `gm glgb

seludm mhs`crbb lg nlrb te`g lgb sukdbvbd' Qrlvhshlg`ddy fbrthbm tbstbrs seludm

dhstbg tl juddy fbrthbm tbstbrs t`pbs tl pr`fthfb mbvbdlphgc prlkbs `gm r`thgc `s p`rt lj

teb hgtbrvhbw strufturb$ `gm rbvhbw teb frhtbrh` tl mhsthgcuhse teb sukdbvbds' ]l rbfbhvb

judd fbrthf`thlg$ tbstbrs seludm rbplrt tebhr flnpdh`gfb tl teb prlcr`ns rbquhrbnbgts

tl Qb`fb Flrps,S`sehgctlg'

Glg.fbrthf`thlg' Q`rthfhp`gt hs glt qu`dhbm tl flgmuft Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cbprlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbws %DQHs('

2' Mur`thlg lj fbrthf`thlg' Fbrthf`thlg d`sts jlr vb yb`rs lr ugthd teb gbxt DQH tr`hghgc

hs prlvhmbm'



18/150

1

]eb ]r`hghgc Sbbi

]eb tr`hghgc `cbgm` hs hgfdumbm hg @ppbgmhx N' B`fe tr`hghgc m`y jlddlws tehs strufturb?

Qdbg`ry sbsshlg' ]eb tr`hgbr db`ms ` mhsfusshlg hg wehfe mhjjbrbgt `spbfts lj teb DQH `rb

mhsfussbm$ whte thnb jlr mhsfusshlg ky p`rthfhp`gts' Murhgc `g `jtbrgllg pdbg`ry lg teb

tehrm m`y$ p`rthfhp`gts mhsfuss hnpdhf`thlgs lj teb DQH lg tb`fehgc'

Nlmbd hgtbrvhbws' ]eb hgtbrvhbw pr`fthfb kbchgs whte ` dhvb hgtbrvhbw ky teb tr`hgbr$jlddlwbm ky ` mhsfusshlg lj teb hgtbrvhbw strufturb$ tbfeghqubs$ `gm teb bv`du`thlg

prlfbss' Murhgc teb tr`hghgc$ ltebr vhmbl.rbflrmbm hgtbrvhbws `rb usbm jlr lksbrv`thlg

`gm mhsfusshlg'

Qr`fthfb hgtbrvhbws' B`fe p`rthfhp`gt pr`fthfbs hgtbrvhbwhgc$ whte ` jlddlw.up

mhsfusshlg jlr jbbmk`fi jrln p`rthfhp`gts `gm teb tr`hgbr' Murhgc teb rst twl m`ys$

hgtbrvhbws `rb flgmuftbm hg teb d`gcu`cb lj teb tr`hghgc `gm lg teb tehrm `gm jlurte

m`y$ p`rthfhp`gts tbst hg teb dlf`d d`gcu`cbs hg wehfe teby whdd kb fbrthbm' ]eb purplsb

hs tl prlvhmb pr`fthfb hg teb hgtbrvhbwhgc tbfeghqubs `gm tl `ddlw jlr mhsfusshlg `gm

flgstrufthvb frhthfhsn ky teb tbstbr,tr`hgbr `gm teb ltebr prlspbfthvb tbstbrs'

Fdlshgc flnnbgts' @t teb bgm lj b`fe m`y$ p`rthfhp`gts `gm teb tr`hgbr rbbft lg tebm`ys bxpbrhbgfb gm rbvhbw$ hj gbfbss`ry'

]eb n`tbrh`d hs lrc`ghzbm tl flgthgu`ddy kuhdm lg prbvhlusdy db`rgbm n`tbrh`d tl chvb teb

p`rthfhp`gts teb lpplrtughty tl prlfbss hnplrt`gt hgjlrn`thlg `gm mbvbdlp sihdds gbfbss`ry

tl kbflnb ` cllm hgtbrvhbwbr' B`fe m`y flgfbgtr`tbs lg ` mhjjbrbgt `spbft lj teb hgtbrvhbw

prlfbss `gm bnpe`shzbs mhjjbrbgt bdbnbgts lj teb DQH strufturb `gm prltlfld'

M`hdy Cl`ds

M`y 0? ]eb DQH Vtrufturb

Rgmbrst`gm teb hnplrt`gfb lj DQH tl teb Qb`fb Flrps Rgmbrst`gm teb k`ficrlugm lj lr`d prlfhbgfy tbsthgc

Rgmbrst`gm bxpbft`thlgs lj teb vb.m`y wlriselp

Rgmbrst`gm flgfbpts lj rbdh`khdhty `gm v`dhmhty

Db`rg teb Qb`fb Flrps DQH r`thgc sf`db

Rgmbrst`gm teb jlur pe`sbs lj teb hgtbrvhbw

Mhsfuss prbrbflrmbm hgtbrvhbws

M`y ;? Bv`du`thlg frhtbrh` `gm bdhfht`thlg

Qr`fthfb ushgc teb r`thgc sf`db

Db`rg `ssbssnbgt frhtbrh` `t b`fe dbvbd lj teb r`thgc sf`db Rgmbrst`gm bdhfht`thlg tbfeghqubs `gm teb flgfbpt lj ` r`t`kdb s`npdb

Flgmuft hgtbrvhbws hg teb d`gcu`cb lj tr`hghgc

M`y 6? Dlf`d d`gcu`cb pr`fthfb `gm hnpdhf`thlgs hg tb`fehgc

Kbflnb j`nhdh`r whte qubsthlg typbs

Qr`fthfb bdhfht`thlg tbfeghqubs jlr teb @mv`gfbm `gm Vupbrhlr dbvbds



19/150

Mhsfuss elw teb prhgfhpdbs lj teb DQH f`g hgubgfb tb`fehgc

Flgmuft hgtbrvhbws hg dlf`d d`gcu`cb %ushgc tr`hgbbs$ Zldugtbbrs$ fdlsb lj sbrvhfb(

Flgtrhkutb tl mhsfusshlg lg frlss.d`gcu`cb `ppdhf`thlgs

M`y =? ]bsthgc `t teb @mv`gfbm `gm Vupbrhlr dbvbds

Kbflnb j`nhdh`r whte plst.wlriselp `fthvhthbs$ sbflgm r`thgc$ `gm tebrbsplgshkhdhthbs lj ` fbrthbm tbstbr

Flgmuft hgtbrvhbws hg teb tr`hghgc d`gcu`cb hg p`hrs `gm hgmhvhmu`ddy

Qrbp`rb fbrthf`thlg t`pbs

M`y 2? Fbrthf`thlg bx`n

Flnpdbtb hgtbrvhbws jlr fbrthf`thlg rlugm `s gbbmbm

[`tb prb.rbflrmbm tbsthgc t`pbs

Flnpdbtb wrhttbg bx`n

]eb Fbrthf`thlg Qrlfbss]eb g`d bv`du`thlg jlr teb fbrthf`thlg e`s sbvbr`d `ssbssnbgt hgstrunbgts'

Fbrthf`thlg Hgtbrvhbws

Lg teb jlurte m`y lj teb tr`hghgc b`fe p`rthfhp`gt flgmufts twl t`pbm hgtbrvhbws$ r`tbs tebn$

`gm suknhts tebn tl teb tr`hgbr `s p`rt lj teb fbrthf`thlg prlfbss' ]ebsb hgtbrvhbws nust

rbprbsbgt teb p`rthfhp`gts kbst hgmhvhmu`d `gm hgmbpbgmbgt bjjlrt `t DQH tbsthgc `gm r`thgc'

]eby `rb mlgb hg teb tr`hgbrs d`gcu`cb jlr bv`du`thlg purplsbs' ]l `vlhm flgjushlg lr dlss

lj hgjlrn`thlg$ jlddlw teb vbry spbfhf prbsbgt`thlg jlrn`t %sbb @ppbgmhx H(' ]eb tr`hgbr

bv`du`tbs teb t`pbs `jtbr teb tr`hghgc e`s ghsebm$ `s p`rt `s teb fbrthf`thlg bv`du`thlg' ]eb

frhtbrh` usbm jlr tehs `ssbssnbgt hs selwg hg @ppbgmhx O'

Fbrthf`thlg ]bsts? Lg teb jte m`y lj teb tr`hghgc tebrb hs ` d`st db`rghgc,tbsthgc

lpplrtughty' Q`rthfhp`gts usb teb n`tbrh`d db`rgbm terluce teb stumy lj teb n`gu`d `gm teb

tr`hghgc tl flnpdbtb twl g`d bxbrfhsbs?

Srhttbg bx`n? Q`rthfhp`gts mbnlgstr`tb ugmbrst`gmhgc ky bxpd`hghgc slnb lj teb

tbrnhgldlcy usbm hg teb tr`hghgc `gm usbm webg mbsfrhkhgc jbbmk`fi lg teb DQH tl

spb`ibrs' ]eb sbflgm sbfthlg lj teb tbst hs ` nudthpdb felhfb bx`n webrb p`rthfhp`gts `rb

chvbg s`npdb hgtbrvhbw shtu`thlgs `gm teby nust sbdbft `pprlprh`tb `fthlgs tl jlddlw'

Dhstbghgc tl tbsthgc t`pbs' ]eb tr`hgbr prlvhmbs ` sbt lj t`pb.rbflrmbm hgtbrvhbws shnhd`r

tl telsb hg teb tr`hghgc sbt kut whtelut ljfh`d r`thgcs hgmhf`tbm' ]ebsb t`pbs `rb hg

r`gmln lrmbr$ `gm p`rthfhp`gts dhstbg tl b`fe t`pb `gm r`tb teb hgtbrvhbw `pprlprh`tbdy'

]ehs `ssbssnbgt mbtbrnhgbs webtebr p`rthfhp`gts ugmbrst`gm teb r`thgc sf`db wbdd

bgluce tl `sshcg rbdh`kdb r`thgcs `fflrmhgc tl teb ljfh`d st`gm`rms'



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Fbrthf`thlg Mbfhshlgs

Qb`fb Flrps tr`hgbrs `rb glt `utelrhzbm tl fbrthjy d`gcu`cb tbstbrs hnnbmh`tbdy `jtbr teb

tr`hghgc prlcr`n' [`tebr$ ht hs tebhr rbsplgshkhdhty tl flgvby teb rbsudts lj teb v`rhlus

`fthvhthbs tl teb d`gcu`cb tbsthgc spbfh`dhst hg teb Fbgtbr `t Qb`fb Flrps,S`sehgctlg$ webrb `

g`d mbtbrnhg`thlg lj fbrthf`thlg whdd kb n`mb' @dd prlspbfthvb tbstbrs `rb glthbm ky Qb`fb

Flrps,S`sehgctlg `klut tebhr fbrthf`thlg st`tus `s sllg `s plsshkdb `jtbr teb furrbgt tlur ljteb DQH tr`hgbr e`s kbbg flnpdbtbm'

Mur`thlg lj Fbrthf`thlg

Fbrthbm d`gcu`cb tbstbrs `rb fbrthbm jlr vb yb`rs hj teby flgthgub tl pbrjlrn hgtbrvhbws

whtelut dlgc pbrhlms lj hgtbrrupthlg' Hj teby ml glt flgmuft `gy hgtbrvhbws jlr twl

flgsbfuthvb yb`rs$ teby gbbm tl kb rbfbrthbm' ]bstbrs f`g kb rbfbrthbm ky `ttbgmhgc `gltebr

flnpdbtb d`gcu`cb tbstbr wlriselp'



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6

]eb D`gcu`cb Qrlfhbgfy Hgtbrvhbw `gm teb [`thgc Vf`db

]eb d`gcu`cb prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw hs `g `ssbssnbgt hg wehfe ` spbìbr e`s teb lpplrtughty

tl mbnlgstr`tb we`t teby f`g ml whte teb d`gcu`cb teby e`vb db`rgbm' @g hgtbrvhbwbr

bst`kdhsebs ` flgvbrs`thlg.dhib r`pplrt whte ` spbìbr hg lrmbr tl bdhfht ` r`t`kdb spbbfe

s`npdb mbnlgstr`thgc teb spbìbrs ehcebst dbvbd lj prlfhbgfy hg ` chvbg d`gcu`cb' ]ehshgtbrvhbw prlvhmbs hgjlrn`thlg rbc`rmhgc p`ttbrgs lj strbgctes `gm wbìgbssbs hg teb

spbìbrs jugfthlg`d `khdhty hg lrmbr tl flnp`rb teb spbìbrs dhgcuhsthf `khdhty whte teb

@F]JD Qrlfhbgfy Cuhmbdhgbs'

Mbghthlgs lj ]brns

@fehbvbnbgt? @g `fehbvbnbgt tbst nb`surbs we`t teb stumbgt e`s db`rgbm jrln ` fd`ss' Jlr

bx`npdb$ `jtbr db`rghgc teb gunkbrs 0.01$ `g `fehbvbnbgt tbst mbnlgstr`tbs te`t ` stumbgt

e`s db`rgbm tl flugt jrln 0.01'

@ssbssnbgt? ]eb DQH hs usbm tl nìb ` eldhsthf `ssbssnbgt lj teb spbìbrs prlfhbgfy']ehs `ssbssnbgt hs ` mbsfrhpthlg lj teb spbìbrs dhgcuhsthf `khdhty$ glt `g `ssbssnbgt lj teb

spbìbrs qu`dhty `s ` Zldugtbbr' ]eb DQH hs `g hgstrunbgt jlr bv`du`thlg k`sbm lg teb tlt`dhty

lj teb spbìbrs `khdhthbs' Ht hs glt k`sbm lg lgdy lgb bdbnbgt lj teb hgtbrvhbw$ kut lg teb tlt`d

pbrjlrn`gfb murhgc teb hgtbrvhbw'

@F]JD Qrlfhbgfy Cuhmbdhgbs? ]eb @F]JD Qrlfhbgfy Cuhmbdhgbs `rb teb frhtbrh` usbm

jlr DQH r`thgc %sbb @ppbgmhx @(' ]eby `rb cbgbrhf mbsfrhptlrs lj dbvbds lj prlfhbgfy k`sbm

lg teb glthlg te`t ` spbìbrs `khdhty prlcrbssbs `s lr`d sihdds mbvbdlp' ]eb Cuhmbdhgbs `rb

k`sbm lg bxpbrhbgfb `gm rbsb`rfe lvbr teb d`st ;1 yb`rs' ]eby wbrb frb`tbm ky @F]JD whte

clvbrgnbgt jugmhgc$ pukdhsebm `s pukdhf mln`hg$ `gm n`mb `v`hd`kdb tl teb Qb`fb Flrps'

Qb`fb Flrps DQH r`thgcs `rb usbm jlr teb bxprbss purplsb lj Qb`fb Flrps `fthvhthbs$ sl teby`rb glt tl kb flgshmbrbm teb s`nb `s @F]JD r`thgcs' ]eb r`thgcs prlvhmbm ky teb Qb`fb Flrps

`rb r`thgcs jrln Qb`fb Flrps DQH fbrthbm hgtbrvhbwbrs$ jlr teb Qb`fb Flrps d`gcu`cb tbsthgc

prlcr`n' @ Qb`fb Flrps DQH r`thgc seludm glt kb flgjusbm whte lr rbprbsbgtbm `s teb @F]JD

LQH r`thgc `mnhghstbrbm `gm prlvhmbm ky @F]JD tbstbrs hg ughvbrshthbs `gm ltebr hgsthtuthlgs

hg teb Rghtbm Vt`tbs'

Frhtbrhlg rbjbrbgfb? ]eb `ssbssnbgt lj teb DQH flnp`rbs teb s`npdb tl sbt frhtbrh`' ]ehs

`ddlws twl spbìbrs tl e`vb teb s`nb r`thgc mbsphtb mhjjbrbgfbs hg dhgcuhsthf pbrjlrn`gfb'

]ebrb hs gl pbrjbft sflrb lr p`ss lr j`hd' ]eb r`thgc hs ` flnp`rhslg kbtwbbg teb

s`npdb lj spbbfe `gm teb @F]JD Qrlfhbgfy Cuhmbdhgbs'

Jugfthlg? ]eb DQH bx`nhgbs we`t teb spbìbr f`g ml whte teb d`gcu`cb9 tebrbjlrb$ ht

flgfbgtr`tbs lg jugfthlg' Sehdb flnpbtbgfhbs db`rgbm hg fd`ss whdd `sshst teb spbìbr tl

pbrjlrn `fthvhthbs dhib telsb hg teb fd`ssrlln$ teb DQH lksbrvbs we`t ` spbìbr f`g ml hg

rb`d.dhjb shtu`thlgs' ]eb DQH hs glt ` flnpbtbgfy tbst$ `gm ht mlbs glt febfi we`t teb stumbgt

db`rgbm hg fd`ss$ kut flnpbtbgfhbs whdd bg`kdb teb d`gcu`cb stumbgt tl jugfthlg hg rb`d dhjb

`gm$ `s ` rbsudt$ n`y bg`kdb teb spbìbr tl pbrjlrn telsb hg teb DQH sbtthgc'


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=

Hgtbr`fthvb? Lgb lj teb fe`ddbgcbs jlr `g DQH hgtbrvhbwbr hs tl n`hgt`hg dhvbdy hgtbr`fthlg

wehdb mlhgc teb `ssbssnbgt' ]eb hgtbrvhbw hs glt ` sbt lj prb`rr`gcbm qubsthlgs kut `

flgvbrs`thlg hg wehfe teb hgtbrvhbwbr `m`pts `gm fe`gcbs tlphfs `gm jugfthlgs hg lrmbr tl

lkt`hg ` r`t`kdb s`npdb' ]eb hgtbrvhbw hs `m`pthvb? ht fe`gcbs k`sbm lg teb dbvbd lj `khdhty lj

teb spbìbr lg teb tlphf `t e`gm `gm rb`fts tl teb spbìbrs hgtbrbsts `gm `khdhthbs' ]eb DQH hs

spbìbr.fbgtbrbm$ `gm gl twl hgtbrvhbws `rb hmbgthf`d' ]ehs typb lj `ssbssnbgt whdd rbquhrbteb judd `ttbgthlg `gm bgbrcy lj teb hgtbrvhbwbr$ `s wbdd `s teb spbìbr'

Hgtbrvhbw? ]eb DQH hs glt ` tbst$ kut `g hgtbrvhbw' Ht hs ` flgvbrs`thlg$ dbm ky teb hgtbrvhbwbr$

kut e`gmdbm nlstdy ky teb spbìbr' Vhnhd`r tl ` tbdbvhshlg hgtbrvhbw lr ` olk hgtbrvhbw$

teb hgtbrvhbwbr plsbs qubsthlgs wehfe hgvhtb teb spbìbr tl spbì `gm bxp`gm lg teb

flgvbrs`thlg' Sehdb teb flgvbrs`thlg clbs lg$ teb hgtbrvhbwbr `sis lpbg.bgmbm qubsthlgs tl

lkt`hg bgluce hgjlrn`thlg tl nìb `g `ssbssnbgt'

Lr`d d`gcu`cb? ]eb DQH hs `g lr`d `ssbssnbgt? ht bv`du`tbs spbìhgc `khdhty' ]ebrb `rb ltebr

jlrns lj `ssbssnbgt k`sbm lg mhjjbrbgt d`gcu`cb sihdds %rb`mhgc$ wrhthgc$ dhstbghgc$ fudtur`d

ugmbrst`gmhgc($ `dd lj tebn gbfbss`ry tl db`rg ` d`gcu`cb `pprlprh`tbdy' ]eb DQH `dsl

mbnlgstr`tbs teb dbvbd lj flgtrld ` spbìbr e`s lj teb d`gcu`cb db`rgbm' Flnnughf`thlg sihdds

`rb frhthf`d tl teb cl`ds lj teb Qb`fb Flrps

tr`hghgc prlcr`n' Bjjbfthvb lr`d sihdds `ddlw teb

spbìbr tl hgtbcr`tb s`jbdy hgtl ` gbw bgvhrlgnbgt

`gm jugfthlg hg teb flnnughty `s ` Zldugtbbr'

Qbrjlrn`gfb? @ pbrjlrn`gfb tbst nb`surbs we`t tebspbìbr f`g ml whte we`t teby db`rgbm' Rshgc teb prbvhlus

bx`npdb lj db`rghgc gunkbrs 0.01$ murhgc ` pbrjlrn`gfb

tbst$ teb spbìbr nhcet mbnlgstr`tb te`t teby f`g flugt nlgby$

tbdd elw n`gy stumbgts `rb hg teb fd`ssrlln$ btf' @ mhsfrbp`gfy

hg rbsudts kbtwbbg `g `fehbvbnbgt tbst `gm pbrjlrn`gfb tbst

whdd mbpbgm lg teb dbvbd lj flgtrld spbìbrs e`vb lvbr teb



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2

n`tbrh`d stumhbm' @s spbìbrs pr`fthfb ushgc teb d`gcu`cb$ tebhr dbvbd lj flgtrld `gm `khdhty tl

usb we`t teby iglw whdd hgfrb`sb' Ky teb thnb tebrb hs judd flgtrld$ spbìbrs ml glt gbbm tl

rbnhgm tebnsbdvbs lj teb dbsslgs db`rgbm$ kbfùsb teb iglwdbmcb whdd kb juddy hgtbcr`tbm hgtl

tebhr flnnughf`thlg'

Qrlfhbgfy? ]eb DQH nb`surbs prlfhbgfyteb jugfthlg`d `khdhty lj teb spbìbr tl usb `d`gcu`cb tl jugfthlg hg teb rb`d wlrdm' Qrlfhbgfy hs teb flnn`gm lr flgtrld ` spbìbr e`s

lg teb jugfthlgs lj teb d`gcu`cb' @ssbssnbgts lj prlfhbgfy dlli `t we`t spbìbrs f`g ml

whte teb d`gcu`cb `gm teb dbvbd lj flgtrld lvbr teb d`gcu`cb$ glt gbfbss`rhdy we`t teby iglw

`klut teb d`gcu`cb'

Qrltlfld? @ prltlfld hs ` flgvbgthlg lr flmb `ddlwhgc teb hgtbrvhbwbr tl prlfbbm whte `g

`fthvhty hg ` spbfhf w`y tl cbt ` spbfhf rbsplgsb' Jlr bx`npdb$ hg lrmbr tl cbt teb spbìbr

tl bxp`gm lg ` tlphf$ ` cllm pr`fthfb hs tl `si teb spbìbr tl tbdd ylu nlrb `klut ht' ]eb

prlnpt ]bdd nb nlrb `klut ht hs `g bjjbfthvb w`y tl bgflur`cb spbìbrs tl bxp`gm lg `

tlphf' Kbfùsb teb Qb`fb Flrps DQH f`g kb usbm jlr ` v`rhbty lj d`gcu`cbs$ strufturbs `gm

prltlflds kbflnb teb sf`jjldmhgc hg wehfe teb d`gcu`cb `ssbssnbgt hs flgstruftbm'

[`t`kdb s`npdb? ]eb cl`d lj teb hgtbrvhbw hs tl `fquhrb ` r`t`kdb s`npdb' ]erluce teb

hgtbrvhbw$ ` s`npdb lj spbbfe hs bdhfhtbm tl prlvhmb bgluce n`tbrh`d tl ml ` fdb`r `ssbssnbgt

lj teb spbìbrs pbrjlrn`gfb hg teb d`gcu`cb' ]ehs whdd bg`kdb teb hgtbrvhbwbr `gm ` sbflgm

r`tbr tl flnb tl teb s`nb flgfdushlg rbc`rmhgc teb r`thgc lj teb hgtbrvhbw' ]eb s`npdb `dsl

selws teb ehcebst dbvbd lj `khdhty$ wehfe whdd glt fe`gcb ugdbss tebrb hs shcghf`gt `mmhthlg`d

d`gcu`cb db`rghgc'

[bdh`khdhty? ]eb Qb`fb Flrps felsb teb DQH `s `g `ssbssnbgt tlld jlr d`gcu`cb prlfhbgfy

kbfùsb ht hs ` rbdh`kdb hgstrunbgt lj bv`du`thlg' Sebg teb strufturb `gm prltlflds lj teb DQH

`rb jlddlwbm `gm ` r`t`kdb s`npdb e`s kbbg bdhfhtbm$ ht whdd kb plsshkdb jlr twl r`tbrs$ `gm

bvbg twl hgtbrvhbwbrs$ tl flnb tl teb s`nb flgfdushlg rbc`rmhgc teb r`thgc lj teb spbìbrs

dbvbd lj prlfhbgfy' @ plshthvb pr`fthfb jlr teb tbsthgc prlcr`n hs tl pbrhlmhf`ddy sbflgm r`tb

hgtbrvhbws tl flgrn teb flgshstbgfy lj hgtbrvhbwbrs hg bv`du`thlg prlfbmurbs `gm r`thgc

rbdh`khdhty'

Vtrufturb? @ cllm hgtbrvhbw e`s ` fdb`r strufturb te`t f`g kb jlddlwbm ky `gltebr r`tbr `gm

`sshsts hg teb r`thgc' Ky fdlsbdy jlddlwhgc teb strufturb lj teb hgtbrvhbw$ teb hgtbrvhbwbr whdd

ebdp teb spbìbr mbnlgstr`tb jugfthlg `gm `khdhty' Hgtbrvhbwbrs seludm jlddlw teb bst`kdhsebm

strufturb lj teb DQH tl lkt`hg ` r`t`kdb s`npdb `gm tl bgsurb ` rbdh`kdb `ssbssnbgt'



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]eb [`thgc Vf`db

]ebrb `rb jlur dbvbds hg teb @F]JD Qrlfhbgfy Vf`db$ `gm teby `rb mbsfrhkbm hg tbrns lj

cdlk`d jugfthlgs'

Vupbrhlr F`g supplrt lphghlg$ eypltebshs$ f`g mhsfuss tlphfs flgfrbtbdy `gm `kstr`ftdy$f`g e`gmdb ` dhgcuhsthf`ddy ugj`nhdh r shtu`thlg

@mv`gfbm F`g g`rr`tb `gm mbsfrhkb hg `dd nòlr thnb jr`nbs `gm f`g e`gmdb ` shtu`thlg

whte flnpdhf`thlg

Hgtbrnbmh`tb F`g frb`tb whte d`gcu`cb$ `si `gm `gswbr shnpdb qubsthlgs lg j`nhdh`r tlphfs$

`gm e`gmdb ` shnpdb shtu`thlg lr tr`gs`fthlg

Glvhfb F`g flnnughf`tb nhghn`ddy whte jlrnud`hf `gm rltb uttbr`gfbs$ dhsts `gm

per`sbs

@s `g hgtbrvhbw prlcrbssbs$ teb hgtbrvhbwbr plsbs qubsthlgs `gm mhrbfts teb flgvbrs`thlg sl

teb jugfthlgs lj ` dbvbd `rb mbnlgstr`tbm lg ` v`rhbty lj tlphfs' Hj teb spbìbr e`s judd flgtrld

lj teb jugfthlgs lj lgb dbvbd$ whtelut p`ttbrgs lj wbìgbssbs lr krbìmlwg$ teb hgtbrvhbwbr

f`g nlvb tl teb gbxt dbvbd ky plshgc qubsthlgs bdhfhthgc teb jugfthlg lj teb gbxt ehcebr dbvbd'

]ehs prlfbss hs rbpb`tbm$ bdbv`thgc teb dbvbd lj teb flgvbrs`thlg ugthd teb spbìbr `rrhvbs tl

teb Vupbrhlr dbvbd$ lr p`ttbrgs lj wbìgbssbs lr krbìmlwg e`vb kbbg mbnlgstr`tbm' Sebg

teb ehcebst dbvbd `t wehfe teb spbìbr f`g jugfthlg hs mbnlgstr`tbm flgshstbgtdy$ teb llr lj

teb hgtbrvhbw hs bst`kdhsebm' Sebg teb spbìbr f`gglt sust`hg judd flgtrld lj teb jugfthlgs lj

` dbvbd flgshstbgtdy$ teb fbhdhgc hs bst`kdhsebm' ]eb qubsthlgs mbnlgstr`thgc teb llr `rb dbvbd

febfis$ `gm teb qubsthlgs mbnlgstr`thgc teb fbhdhgc `rb prlkbs'

@ suffbssjud hgtbrvhbw hs lgb te`t bst`kdhsebs fdb`r llrwhte ` v`rhbty lj

dbvbd febfis$ `gm `fdb`r fbhdhgc terluce ` v`rhbty lj prlkbs' ]eb strufturb lj

teb hgtbrvhbw hs teb cuhmb tl flnpdbtb tehs prlfbss'

]eb Vukdbvbds

Lgfb `g hgtbrvhbw hs flnpdbtbm$ teb s`npdb hs bv`du`tbm tl mbtbrnhgb hg nlrb mbt`hd teb

qu`dhty `gm qu`gthty lj teb spbìbrs pbrjlrn`gfb whtehg te`t dbvbd `gm teb mhst`gfb tl tebgbxt dbvbd' ]ehs hgjlrn`thlg mbgbs teb sukdbvbd lj teb hgtbrvhbw' ]eb sukdbvbd hs ` qu`dhbr

tl mbsfrhkb teb pbrjlrn`gfb whtehg teb dbvbd `gm teb mbcrbb lj flgtrld `t teb gbxt dbvbd' ]ehs

`ppdhbs tl `dd dbvbds bxfbpt teb Vupbrhlr' @s nbgthlgbm hg teb Hgtrlmufthlg$ teb HD[ sf`db e`s

nlrb sukdbvbds `klvb teb Vupbrhlr' ]eb @F]JD sf`db$ `gm teb Qb`fb Flrps$ flgfbgtr`tbs lg



25/150

teb dlwbr sukdbvbds jlr teb purplsbs lj lur d`gcu`cb db`rghgc bxpbrhbgfb `gm gbbms' Lgfb

` spbìbr gbbms tl nìb nlrb mhsthgfthlgs `t tehs dbvbd$ ` mhjjbrbgt `ssbssnbgt hgstrunbgt

seludm kb usbm'

]eb Mhsthgfthlg kbtwbbg Vukdbvbds

]eb DQH mbgbs terbb sukdbvbds? Dlw$ Nhm$ `gm Ehce' ]eb sukdbvbd hs k`sbm lg qu`gthty `gmqu`dhty `t teb dbvbd `gm mhst`gfb tl teb gbxt dbvbd' Sehdb ` spbìbr gbbms tl sust`hg `dd teb

jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd `t `dd thnbs hg lrmbr tl nbrht teb dbvbd$ tebrb whdd kb ` v`rhbty lj flgtrld

lg telsb jugfthlgs' ]eb mhsthgfthlg lj teb sukdbvbd hs teb qu`gthty %teb `nlugt lj d`gcu`cb

teb spbìbr f`g usb tl pbrjlrn teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd( `gm qu`dhty %teb flnpbtbgfb

lr `khdhty whte wehfe teb spbìbr pbrjlrns teb jugfthlg( lj teb spbìbrs pbrjlrn`gfb `t

teb llr' Mhst`gfb tl teb gbxt dbvbd hs mbtbrnhgbm ky teb spbìbrs dbvbd lj flgtrld lj teb

jugfthlgs `t teb dbvbd `klvb lr teb fbhdhgc' Sehdb tebrb whdd kb spbìbrs wel f`gglt pbrjlrn

teb jugfthlg lj teb fbhdhgc `t `dd$ tebrb whdd kb ltebrs wel whdd e`vb slnb mbcrbb lj flgtrld lj

tebsb jugfthlgs' Flgtrld lj teb fbhdhgc prlvhmbs hgjlrn`thlg `klut teb spbìbrs prlcrbss `s

` d`gcu`cb db`rgbr' Vpbìbrs wel e`vb dhnhtbm flgtrld lj teb jugfthlgs lj teb llr whdd gbbm

tl spbgm `dd tebhr dhgcuhsthf bgbrchbs lg sust`hghgc tebhr pbrjlrn`gfb `t teb llr$ wehdb nlrbflgmbgfb lg telsb jugfthlgs whdd `ddlw tebn tl st`rt selwhgc nlrb `khdhty `t teb fbhdhgc'

Mhst`gfb jrln teb gbxt dbvbd hs ` qu`dhbr lj teb sukdbvbd' ]ebsb mbsfrhpthlgs `ppdy tl teb

Glvhfb$ Hgtbrnbmh`tb$ `gm @mv`gfbm'

@ spbìbr sust`hgs teb dbvbd webg `dd teb jugfthlgs `rb

pbrjlrnbm flgshstbgtdy$ `dd teb thnb'

Ehce? Qbrjlrn`gfb `t teb llr bxfbbms teb rbquhrbnbgts jlr teb dbvbd' Vpbìbrs selwubgfy `gm b`sb hg teb dbvbd tl succbst teby `rb `drb`my pbrjlrnhgc `t teb dbvbd

`klvb' Gbvbrtebdbss$ webg fe`ddbgcbm tl pbrjlrn teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd

`klvb$ teby selw p`ttbrgs lj wbìgbss$ nlnbgts hg wehfe teby f`gglt sust`hg teb

jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd `klvb'

Nhm? Qbrjlrn`gfb `t teb dbvbd hs strlgc$ selwhgc cllm qu`gthty `gm qu`dhty' Vpbìbrs

pbrjlrn teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd whte b`sb$ ubgfy$ `gm flgmbgfb' Sebg

fe`ddbgcbm tl teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd `klvb$ spbìbrs mbnlgstr`tb slnb `khdhty hg

telsb jugfthlgs$ kut fdb`rdy ml glt e`vb bgluce flgtrld lj telsb jugfthlgs tl flgjusb

teb hgtbrvhbwbr hgtl tehgihgc teby kbdlgc tl teb dbvbd `klvb'

Dlw? Qbrjlrn`gfb `t teb dbvbd hs wbì kut flgshstbgt$ whtelut krbìmlwg hgtl teb dbvbd kbdlw'

Vpbìbrs nìb ` crb`t bjjlrt tl sust`hg teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd' ]eby selw pllr

flgtrld lj teb mbt`hds lj teb jugfthlgs `t teb dbvbd$ whte d`fi lj `ffur`fy `gm ubgfy'

Vhgfb `dd tebhr bjjlrts flgfbgtr`tb lg glt j`ddhgc lg teb dbvbd kbdlw$ webg rbquhrbm tl

pbrjlrn teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd `klvb$ teby selw gl mbvbdlpnbgt lj telsb jugfthlgs'



26/150

Pu`gthty `gm Pu`dhty

`t teb llrJugfthlg `t teb gbxt dbvbd

EhceBxfbddbgt' Qbrjlrn`gfb bxfbbms teb

rbquhrbnbgts jlr teb dbvbd'

@dnlst `dw`ys$ whte krbìmlwg' Q`ttbrgs

lj wbìgbss'

F`gglt sust`hg teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd

`klvb flgshstbgtdy'

Nhm

Cllm qu`gthty gm qu`dhty' Qbrjlrn`gfb

hs strlgc$ whte b`sb$ ubgfy$ `gm

flgmbgfb'

@ dhttdb$ kut glt nlst lj teb thnb'

Dlw

Nhghn`d' Qbrjlrn`gfb hs wbì kut

whtelut krbìmlwg hgtl dbvbd kbdlw'

Crb`t bjjlrt tl sust`hg teb jugfthlgs lj teb

dbvbd' Qllr flgtrld lj teb mbt`hds lj teb

jugfthlgs `t teb dbvbd$ d`fi lj `ffur`fy

`gm ubgfy'

Gl mbvbdlpnbgt lj teb jugfthlgs lj teb

dbvbd `klvb'

Bx`npdb?

Dbts flgshmbr teb mhjjbrbgfb hg sukdbvbds

hg teb Hgtbrnbmh`tb' Hj$ webg febfihgc

teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd wehdb tryhgc tl

bst`kdhse teb llr$ tebrb hs bvhmbgfb lj

krbìmlwg$ nlnbgts hg wehfe teb spbìbr

f`gglt sust`hg teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd$tehs spbìbr e`s frlssbm teb terbseldm tl

teb dbvbd kbdlw? ht hs Glvhfb Ehce' Hj teb

jugfthlgs lj teb Hgtbrnbmh`tb `rb sust`hgbm

whtelut krbìmlwg hgtl teb dbvbd kbdlw$ kut

whte dhnhtbm qu`gthty `gm qu`dhty$ `gm crb`t

bjjlrt tl sust`hg teb pbrjlrn`gfb hg teb dbvbd$

ht hs `g Hgtbrnbmh`tb Dlw' ]eb Hgtbrnbmh`tb

Nhm whdd selw cllm qu`gthty `gm qu`dhty whte `

strlgc pbrjlrn`gfb$ b`sb$ ubgfy$ `gm flgmbgfb

hg teb jugfthlgs lj teb dbvbd$ kut webg fe`ddbgcbm tl

teb jugfthlgs lj teb @mv`gfbm$ flgtrld whdd kb brr`thf$ whte slnb mbt`hds lj teb @mv`gfbm$kut glt bgluce flgtrld tl hgmhf`tb te`t tehs spbìbr hs @mv`gfbm' ]eb Hgtbrnbmh`tb

Ehce spbìbr$ `s teb Glvhfb Ehce$ whdd selw tebhr pbrjlrn`gfb `t teb dbvbd `klvb `dnlst

`dw`ys' ]eb Hgtbrnbmh`tb Ehce f`g pbrjlrn teb jugfthlgs lj teb @mv`gfbm dbvbd$ kut glt

flgshstbgtdy' ]ebrb whdd kb p`ttbrgs lj wbìgbss hg teb jugfthlgs lj teb @mv`gfbm$ selwhgc

te`t teb spbìbr mlbs glt sust`hg teb dbvbd flgshstbgtdy'



27/150

]eb [`thgc Vf`db `gm teb Cuhmbdhgbs

Hgfdumhgc teb dbvbds `gm sukdbvbds$ teb r`thgc sf`db e`s ghgb plsshkdb

r`thgcs$ r`gchgc jrln Glvhfb.Dlw tl Vupbrhlr' ]eb r`thgc sf`db$

mbsfrhkbm `t dbgcte hg teb Cuhmbdhgbs$ hs teb eb`rt lj teb d`gcu`cb

prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw' Hgtbrvhbwbrs seludm kb j`nhdh`r whte teb sf`db

`gm teb mbsfrhptlrs hg teb Cuhmbdhgbs' [bjbr tl ht kbjlrb hgtbrvhbwhgc%`s `g `hm tl f`rry lut `g hgtbrvhbw whte ` r`t`kdb s`npdb( `gm `jtbr

`g hgtbrvhbw %hg lrmbr tl chvb g pprlprh`tb r`thgc('

Bvbg teb nlst bxpbrhbgfbm hgtbrvhbwbrs seludm rb`m teb

mbsfrhpthlgs f`rbjuddy kbjlrb chvhgc ` r`thgc tl `g hgtbrvhbw' ]eb

r`thgcs seludm kb flgshmbrbm `s r`gcbs r`tebr te`g plhgts lg ` sf`db'

]eb mbsfrhpthlg lj prlfhbgfy `t b`fe dbvbd hgfdumbs wbìbr `gm

strlgcbr pbrjlrn`gfbs lvbr ` whmb r`gcb'

]eb lr`d hgtbrvhbw hs ` prlfhbgfy tbst' ]eb purplsb lj teb d`gcu`cbprlfhbgfy tbst hs tl bv du`tb teb Zldugtbbrs d`gcu`cb pbrjlrn`gfb

tl mbtbrnhgb elw wbdd eb lr seb hs `kdb tl usb teb d`gcu`cb

bjjbfthvbdy `gm `pprlprh`tbdy hg rb`d.dhjb shtu`thlgs' ]eb hgtbrvhbw hs

` tbst lj jugfthlg`d d`gcu`cb `khdhty$ glt p`sshvb sihdds lr iglwdbmcb `klut teb d`gcu`cb'

@ prlfhbgfy tbst hs furrhfudun jrbb' Ht jlfusbs bxfdushvbdy lg dhgcuhsthf jugfthlg`d

`khdhty whtelut rbc`rm tl teb pd`fb$ dbgcte lj thnb$ lr n`ggbr hg wehfe teb pbrslg e`s

db`rgbm teb d`gcu`cb'

Vhgfb ` prlfhbgfy tbst mlbs glt flvbr `gy spbfhbm klmy lj n`tbrh`d$ ht hs glt plsshkdb tl prbp`rb

jlr ht' @g lr`d prlfhbgfy hgtbrvhbw whdd tbst bvbrytehgc ` pbrslg iglws `klut elw tl usb tebd`gcu`cb ky s`npdhgc ehs lr ebr spbbfe lg ` v`rhbty lj tlphfs `t ` gunkbr lj dbvbds lj mhjfudty'

Hg ` prlfhbgfy tbst$ pblpdb whdd `dw`ys kb `sibm qubsthlgs jlr wehfe teby `rb glt prbp`rbm'

]ehs hs kbfùsb teb hgtbrvhbwbrs olk hs tl cbt ` s`npdb lj teb kbst d`gcu`cb lj wehfe teb

pbrslg hs f`p`kdb' ]eb prlkbs hgtl dhgcuhsthf `rb`s jlr wehfe teb pbrslg hs glt prbp`rbm gm

teb dhnhts lj ` spbìbrs `khdhty' Elwbvbr$ hg `mnhghstbrhgc DQHs tl Qb`fb Flrps Zldugtbbrs$

tlphfs rbd`tbm tl tebhr hgtbrbsts `gm bxpbrhbgfbs `rb bnpe`shzbm'

Flgtbgt lj teb Hgtbrvhbw

Sehdb n`gy DQH tr`hgbbs si tr`hgbrs jlr dhst lj qubsthlgs$ tr`hgbrs flgshstbgtdy e`vb lkobftbmtl prlvhmb ` qubsthlgg`hrb tl db`m teb hgtbrvhbw' @ dhst lj qubsthlgs fludm turg teb DQH hgtl `g

hgtbrrlc`thlg' ]eb Qb`fb Flrps nudthfudtur`d umhbgfbs ml glt dbgm tebnsbdvbs tl ` prbsfrhkbm

dhst lj qubsthlgs$ chvbg te`t we`t f`g kb usbjud hg lgb fudtur`d sbtthgc n`y glt kb s jruhtjud hg

`gltebr' @gltebr rcunbgt c`hgst frb`thgc xbm dhst lj qubsthlgs hs te`t teb Qb`fb Flrps tbst

tr`hgbbs `gm Zldugtbbrs `t sbvbr`d st`cbs lj tebhr st`y hg.flugtry' Vpbìbrs fludm j`nhdh`rhzb

tebnsbdvbs whte prbmhft`kdb dhst lj qubsthlgs$ wehfe fludm nìb teb DQH g hgv`dhm ssbssnbgt'


]eb [`thgc Vf`db

Vupbrhlr

@mv`gfbm Ehce

@mv`gfbm Nhm

@mv`gfbm Dlw

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Ehce

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Nhm

Hgtbrnbmh`tb Dlw

Glvhfb Ehce

Glvhfb Nhm

Glvhfb Dlw


28/150

1

]eb lr`d hgtbrvhbw hs glt ` xbm sbrhbs lj qubsthlgs9 teb tlphfs `gm teb qubsthlgs `sibm v`ry

jrln lgb hgtbrvhbw tl `gltebr hg lrmbr tl `m`pt tl teb dbvbd$ p`rthfud`r fudtur`d hmhlsygfr`shbs$

`gm pbrslg`d fe`r`ftbrhsthfs lj teb spbìbr' ]eb hgtbrvhbw hs spbìbr.fbgtbrbm$ kut `dsl v`rhbm

`gm ugprbmhft`kdb hg flgtbgt' Jlddlw up qubsthlgs `rb k`sbm lg teb hgtbrbsts bxprbssbm ky

teb spbìbr murhgc teb flgvbrs`thlg' Hg tehs w`y$ teb spbìbr f`gglt iglw we`t tlphfs teb

hgtbrvhbwbr whdd hgtrlmufb' ]eb hgtbrvhbw prlfbss hs `dw`ys fbgtbrbm lg we`t teb spbìbr f`gml' Hg turg$ teb Qb`fb Flrps spbìbrs whdd prbp`rb jlr teb DQH ky mbvbdlphgc tebhr prlfhbgfy

`gm glt ky stumyhgc ` prbmhft`kdb sbt lj qubsthlgs'

Hg teb DQH bvbry qubsthlg e`s ` purplsb'

Hj ht mlbs glt e`vb ` purplsb$ wb ml glt `si'

@dteluce teb qubsthlgs `gm teb tlphfs seludm kb mhjjbrbgt jrln tbst tl tbst$ teb jugfthlgs whdd

rbn`hg teb s`nb' @s wb e`vb `drb`my st`tbm$ qubsthlgs seludm db`m tl jugfthlgs `gm$ hj teb

qubsthlg mlbs glt db`m tl teb jugfthlg `gm teb tbxt typb gbbmbm$ ht seludm glt kb `sibm' Jlrbx`npdb$ hj teb hgtbrvhbwbr hs febfihgc teb jugfthlgs lj teb @mv`gfbm dbvbd lg teb tlphf lj teb

rst vhsht tl teb n`ribt$ `sihgc we`t teb spbìbr purfe`sbm hs ` qubsthlg whtelut ` purplsb$

shgfb ht whdd prlvhmb ` dhst lj wlrms$ teb tbxt typb lj teb Glvhfb dbvbd' Jlr teb s`nb rb`slg$ `

qubsthlg dhib? Se`t wludm ylu ml hj ylu hgebrhtbm ` nhddhlg mldd`rs


29/150

@mnhghstbrhgc teb Hgtbrvhbw

Bquhpnbgt

@dd hgtbrvhbws seludm kb t`pb.rbflrmbm' ]ehs pbrnhts teb hgtbrvhbwbr tl dhstbg `c`hg kbjlrb

mbfhmhgc lg ` r`thgc `gm `ddlws ` sbflgm hgtbrvhbwbr tl nìb `g hgmbpbgmbgt r`thgc `gm

flgrn teb lrhchg`d r`thgc' ]ebrb `rb hgstrufthlg`d kbgbts hg dhstbghgc tl teb rbflrmbms`npdbs' ]eby f`g kb usbm tl nlghtlr rbsudts `gm `ddlw db`rgbrs tl lksbrvb tebhr prlcrbss'

Ky ibbphgc tebsb rbflrmhgcs$ hgstruftlrs `rb `kdb tl mbvbdlp ` m`t`k`gi jlr flnp`rhslg `gm

jurtebr tr`hghgc'

Bgvhrlgnbgt

Bst`kdhse ` prlpbr tbsthgc bgvhrlgnbgt' Flgmuft DQHs hgmllrs hg ` quhbt sp`fb' Vhgfb ht hs `

j`fb.tl.j`fb hgtbrvhbw kbtwbbg twl pblpdb$ ltebr pblpdb wel n`y kb w`hthgc jlr tebhr turg

seludm glt kb prbsbgt hg teb s`nb rlln9 tehs fludm mhstr`ft teb spbìbr jrln pbrjlrnhgc up

tl ehs lr ebr kbst `khdhty' Qrlvhmb ` flnjlrt`kdb sb`t jlr teb spbìbr `gm nìb surb teb t`pb

rbflrmbr phfis up teb vlhfb lj teb spbìbr `s wbdd `s teb hgtbrvhbwbrs' Hj `v`hd`kdb$ bxtbrg`dnhfrlpelgbs hnprlvb teb qu`dhty lj teb rbflrmhgc' @vlhm dlum k`ficrlugm glhsbs$ `gm

pd`g teb hgtbrvhbw sl tebrb whdd kb gl tbdbpelgb hgtbrrupthlgs lr hgtbrrupthlgs jrln pblpdb

iglfihgc lr bgtbrhgc' E`vb ` fdlfi lr w`tfe lg e`gm jlr mhsfrbtb thnhgc'

Hgtbrvhbw Qrltlfld

Kbjlrb `mnhghstbrhgc `g hgtbrvhbw$ nìb surb Zldugtbbrs e`vb rb`m teb ]eb Qb`fb Flrps

D`gcu`cb Qrlfhbgfy Hgtbrvhbw? J`ft Vebbt jlr Qb`fb Flrps ]r`hgbbs `gm Zldugtbbrs'

Mhstrhkutb tehs e`gmlut `t db`st lgb m`y kbjlrb teb hgtbrvhbw$ hj plsshkdb$ sl teby whdd iglw

we`t tl bxpbft %sbb @ppbgmhx M('

Vht jlrn`ddy$ j`fhgc b`fe ltebr' Sehdb tehs n`y sbbn ughnplrt`gt$ teb jlrn`dhty `gm `dbrtgbss

rbprbsbgtbm hg teb plshthlghgc `gm plsturb whdd flgtrhkutb tl teb spbìbrs pbrjlrn`gfb' Rsb

klmy d`gcu`cb `gm teb tlt`d peyshf`d bxprbsshlg lj klte hgtbrvhbwbr `gm spbìbr tl `sshst hg

teb flgfbgtr`thlg `gm bgbrcy dbvbd'

D`gcu`cb hgstruftlrs seludm glt hgtbrvhbw tebhr lwg stumbgts hj teb r`thgcs `rb tl kb usbm jlr

`gy ljfh`d purplsb' Hj tehs shtu`thlg f`gglt kb `vlhmbm$ ml glt r`tb ky we`t hs iglwg `klut

teb stumbgts `khdhty jrln fd`ss' ]eb r`thgc nust mbpbgm sldbdy lg teb hgtbrvhbw' Hj teb rbsudts

lj teb hgtbrvhbw `rb tl kb usbm jlr `g hnplrt`gt mbfhshlg$ sufe `s webtebr lr glt teb pbrslg

n`y rbn`hg hg.flugtry lr n`y qu`dhjy jlr ` fbrt`hg olk$ nìb surb teb hgtbrvhbw hs `dsl r`tbm

ky ` sbflgm fbrthbm hgtbrvhbwbr `gm `gy mhs`crbbnbgt hs rbsldvbm' Qrlfbmurbs jlr e`gmdhgctehs shtu`thlg whdd kb mhsfussbm murhgc teb wlriselp'



30/150

Elw Nufe E`vb Xlu Db`rgbm


31/150

6

]eb Hgtbrvhbw Vtrufturb

]eb DQH hs ` ehcedy strufturbm flgvbrs`thlg' ]eb strufturb cuhmbs teb hgtbrvhbwbr %`gm `

sbflgm r`tbr$ hj gbfbss`ry( hg teb qubst jlr ` fdb`r `ssbssnbgt' Ht `ddlws mhjjbrbgt hgtbrvhbwbrs

tl flnb tl teb s`nb flgfdushlgs rbc`rmhgc teb pbrjlrn`gfb lj teb spbìbr' ]eb strufturb

cuhmbs teb hgtbrvhbwbr ky mhrbfthgc teb `ttbgthlg tl we`t spbìbrs f`g ml flgshstbgtdy `gmwe`t teby f`gglt ml `dd teb thnb' ]ehs prltlfld$ webg jlddlwbm$ ebdps teb hgtbrvhbwbr tl

lkt`hg ` fdb`rdy r`t`kdb s`npdb' ]eb DQH hs mhvhmbm hgtl vb pe`sbs'

]eb Vtrufturb lj teb DQH

Vt`cb Qurplsb Qsyfeldlchf`d @spbft Dhgcuhsthf @spbft

S`rn.Rp Kbchg teb hgtbrvhbw Qut teb spbìbr t b`sbHgtrlmufb teb spbìbr tl

teb d`gcu`cb

Dbvbd Febfis Bst`kdhse teb llr

Mbnlgstr`tb webrb teb

spbìbr f`g jugfthlgflgshstbgtdy

Mbnlgstr`tb flgshstbgt

flgtrld

Qrlkbs Bst`kdhse teb fbhdhgcKrhgc teb spbìbr tl

krbìmlwg

Mbnlgstr`tb dhnhtbm

flgtrld

[ldb.Qd`y[b`d dhjb shtu`thlg whte lr

whtelut flnpdhf`thlgMr`n`thzb shtu`thlg

F`g jugfthlg `s ` dbvbd

febfi lr prlkb

Shgm.Mlwg Fdlsb teb hgtbrvhbwKrhgc teb spbìbr tl

flnjlrt dbvbd

Bxht `t ` dbvbd lj judd

flgtrld

Dbgcte lj teb Hgtbrvhbw

]eb dbgcte lj `g hgtbrvhbw v`rhbs$ `dteluce hg cbgbr`d$ ` Glvhfb hgtbrvhbw hs selrtbr te`g `g

Hgtbrnbmh`tb hgtbrvhbw `gm `g Hgtbrnbmh`tb hs selrtbr te`g teb @mv`gfbm' ]eb dbgcte lj teb

hgtbrvhbw v`rhbs mub tl teb `fthvhthbs `g hgtbrvhbwbr gbbms tl flgmuft hg lrmbr tl flnpdbtb

teb hgtbrvhbw' Dbvbd febfis `gm teb prlkbs seludm tìb nlrb thnb te`g teb w`rn.up `gm teb

whgm.mlwg' ]eb ehcebr teb spbìbrs prlfhbgfy dbvbd$ teb dlgcbr teb hgtbrvhbw hs' Cbgbr`ddy$

` Glvhfb hgtbrvhbw d`sts kbtwbbg 2.01 nhgutbs9 `g Hgtbrnbmh`tb 01.029 `g @mv`gfbm 02.

;1$ `gm ` Vupbrhlr ;1.;2' Sehdb ibbphgc tr`fi lj thnb hs hnplrt`gt$ teb cl`d hs tl prlvhmb `

r`t`kdb s`npdb whte bgluce v`rhbty lj tlphfs hg lrmbr tl nìb ` fdb`r `ssbssnbgt'

]hps jlr bjjbfthvb usb lj thnb?

Ibbp teb hgtbrvhbw hgtbrbsthgc `gm nlvhgc `dlgc hg teb st`cbs lj teb hgtbrvhbw'

@si fdb`r$ purplsbjud qubsthlgs'

Nìb bvbry qubsthlg flugt'


32/150

=

Jlddlw up lg teb s`nb tlphf ugthd `dd teb jugfthlgs lg te`t tlphf `rb mbnlgstr`tbm'

Lgfb teb jugfthlgs `rb mbnlgstr`tbm hg teb tlphf$ fe`gcb tl `gltebr tlphf `gm ml glt

`si uggbfbss`ry qubsthlgs'

Sey hs ht gbfbss`ry tl kb sl bjjbfthvb whte thnb< Sehdb teb n`hg cl`d lj teb hgtbrvhbw hs

glt thnb bjjbfthvbgbss$ thnb hs lj teb utnlst hnplrt`gfb' Vpbìbrs kbchg hgtbrvhbws whte` ehce dbvbd lj bgbrcy `gm whdd thrb `gm dlsb flgtrld `s thnb clbs ky' Bxeùsthlg n`y

fùsb krbìmlwg glt rbd`tbm tl dhgcuhsthf `khdhty' Hg lrmbr tl cu`r`gtbb teb spbìbrs kbst

pbrjlrn`gfb$ kb `s bjjbfthvb `s plsshkdb whte b`fe qubsthlg'

Ebdp spbìbrs sust`hg ehce bgbrcy murhgc teb hgtbrvhbw ky n`hgt`hghgc ehce dbvbd lj hgtbrbst

terlucelut' Bxpdlrb tlphfs lj hgtbrbst tl teb spbìbr gm kb spbìbr.lrhbgtbm hg dd qubsthlgs'

Bxprbss hgtbrbst hg teb gswbrs gm jlddlw up lg gswbrs ky sihgc nlrb qubsthlgs te`t chvb teb

lpplrtughty tl febfi nlrb jugfthlgs' Mbnlgstr`tb hgtbrbst ky dllihgc t teb spbìbr gm ushgc

klmy d`gcu`cb' K`fi fe`ggbdhgc hs ebdpjud str tbcy tl ibbp flgvbrs thlg nlvhgc g`tur`ddy'

K`fi fe`ggbd hg `g hgtbrvhbw ky nìhgc slugms te`t ml glt hgtbrrupt teb lw lj teb flgvbrs`thlg

kut selw hgtbrbst `gm `ttbgthlg' Velw hgtbrbst ky `sihgc nlrb qubsthlgs lg teb tlphf'

]hps tl n`hgt`hg bgbrcy murhgc teb hgtbrvhbw?

Dhstbg `ttbgthvbdy

Ibbp byb flgt`ft? dlli `t teb spbìbr webg `gm hj `pprlprh`tb

K`fi fe`ggbd

Rsb ltebr vbrk`d bxprbsshlgs lj hgtbrbst

Jlddlw up

Hn`chgb teb spbìbrs shmb lj tehs flgvbrs`thlg?

]eb S`rn.Rp

]eb w`rn.up flgshsts lj crbbthgcs `gm shnpdb flgvbrs`thlg b`sy jlr `dd kut teb db`st `kdb

spbìbrs' ]ehs pe`sb lj teb hgtbrvhbw?

puts teb spbìbr `t b`sb9

rb`fqu`hgts teb spbìbr whte teb d`gcu`cb$ hj gbfbss`ry9

Vl ylu dhib ebdphgc pblpdb' Slw! H tehgi te`t hs

crb`t! Sey ml ylu dhib ebdphgc ltebrs

Peace Corps Language Proficiency (LPI) Interview (LPI) Manual for Testers 2005

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