Turbine Commissioning & Data Processing NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated bythe Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Small Wind Association of Testers Conference Ismael Mendoza April 26, 2012
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Turbine Commissioning &
Data Processing
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Small Wind Association of Testers Conference
Ismael Mendoza
April 26, 2012
Objective
To establish a sense of conformance with the manufacturer to hand over the turbine to start the testing
Commissioning consist but not limited to:
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Commissioning consist but not limited to: o Investigate that the turbine is in good operating
conditions
o Verify that your system and all its subsystems are functioning properly
o Check that the Data Acquisition system (DAS) is working properly
Site Assessment
The test site should be assessed in order to
identify:
•The location of the meteorological tower
•Identify the suitable wind direction sector
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•Identify the suitable wind direction sector
•Estimate appropriate flow
correction factors if a site
calibration is required
Initial inspections
• Check that all components and instrumentation is accounted for
• Request the latest assembly and owners manual documentation and drawings
• Perform a safety system verification on the ground and in the air (such as a break release
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ground and in the air (such as a break release test)
• Verify the start up procedures with the manufacturer
• Verify all turbine dimensions and take picture of all system components
Installation
• Verify that the turbine tower has been stamped by a Professional Engineer for your site conditions
• Installation shall always be conducted by train personnel supervised by the manufacturer
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supervised by the manufacturer or turbine manufacture certified installer
• Verify that the electrical wiring and protection systems are comply with the latest safety standards
DAS Instrumentation
• Two anemometers
• Wind vane
• Power transducer/Current and voltage
• Pressure sensor
• Temperature sensor
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• Temperature sensor
• Rotor speed (recommended)
• Turbine Status (recommended)
• Wetness sensor (recommended)
• Data logger (1 Hz or higher sampling rate)
• Computer
Data Acquisition system set up
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Standard Data Requirements
Power performance (IEC 61400-12-1)
• Section 7.3 and Annex H of -12
• 1 Hz or higher sampling rate
• 1 minute data sets for small turbines
• Average, standard deviation, max, min
Duration (IEC 61400-2)
• Section 9.4.1
• 1 Hz or higher sampling rate
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• 1 Hz or higher sampling rate
• 10 minute data sets
• Average and max wind speed
Safety and Function (IEC 61400-2)
• Section 9.6
• No listed requirements
Noise (IEC 61400-11)
• 10 second averages
DAS End to End Check
Purpose:
• To verify that the instrumentation output
does not degrade on its path to the Data
Logger
o A table of values to inject is created for each
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o A table of values to inject is created for each
instrument from the calibration sheet values
o A signal corresponding to the operating range is
injected into the signal wires for each instrument
and verified at the computer/DAS
Test Readiness Certificate
Once both the testing institution and the manufacturer agree with the commissioning, installation, and final adjustment a certificate is issued to release the turbine to the test institution to initiate the certification testing.
Once the test readiness certificate is issued no further
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Once the test readiness certificate is issued no further modification to the turbine system are allowed for the duration of the testing
If there any updates to the system due to performance or failure, testing needs to be restarted
Data Processing
Data validation is an iterative analysis
There are different sources that could result in
invalid data and there required different plots
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invalid data and there required different plots
to visualize
Reanalysis is required once invalid data is found
Data Analysis
• Keep a log book to help identify system
errors
• Manually check the data quality in combined
raw data files
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raw data files
o Time series of average, min and max
o Anemometer comparison
o Wind speed vs. Power
Data Rejection
The IEC 61400-12 standard provides some examples of data
rejection
• External conditions other than wind speed are out of the
operating range of the wind turbine
• Turbine cannot operate because of a turbine fault condition
• Turbine is manually shut down or in a test or maintenance
operating mode
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operating mode
• Failure or degradation (e.g. due to icing) of test equipment;
• Wind direction outside the measurement sector
• Wind directions outside valid (complete) site calibration
sectors.
Also
• Failure or maintenance of the test institute’s DAS
Log Book Example
The log book should consist of all the annotations of events that help identify the events that could affect the quality of the data
Example:
February 2011
• 1st, 13:51 – Anemometer not spinning, Freezing temperatures ranging to -17°F.
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ranging to -17°F.
• 4th, 10:54 – Warmer temperatures and system seem to be working properly
• 7th, 9:27 – Turbine found at a fault. (Under frequency) Manual Reset the fault.
• 21th, 11:25 – Turbine had a fault on the 19th but reset it self after inverter routine check
• 22nd, 14:35 – Turbine down due to a site grid fault
• 23th, 15:04 – Power restored on site. Turbine restarted.
Data Analysis
Examples of data plots to help visualize the data
• Grid Voltage vs. Time
• Density vs. Time
• Temperature vs. Time
• Precipitation vs. Time
• Wind direction vs. Time
• Anemometer vs. Time
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• Anemometer vs. Time
• Primary Anemometer vs. Secondary Anemometer
• Anemometer Ratio vs. Time
• Anemometer Ratio vs. Direction
• Power vs. Rotor Speed
• Rotor Speed vs. Wind
• Power vs. Wind Speed
Time series Wind Speed Ratio
Single Anemometer Recovered
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Frozen Anemometer
Wind Speed Time Series
Grid
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Frozen Anemometer
Grid Outage
Signals Time Series
Grid Outage
Frozen Anemometer
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Turbine Fault
Power and Availability Time Series
Grid FaultTurbine
Fault
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Power Vs. Wind Speed Scatter Plot
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Fault
Wind Direction Vs. Wind Speed Ratio
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Anemometer comparison Scatter Plot
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Frozen Anemometer
Example of Power Limitation
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Red: maxima, Green: minima, Blue: average
Example of Rotor Speed Control
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Red: maxima, Green: minima, Blue: average
Power Degradation Chart
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