Summary of the Planned Research Project - … International Particularistic Universalistic Relations Human Rights Particularistic Universalistic DEMOCRATIC IDENTITY AUTHORITARIAN IDENTITY
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Welcome Welcome To the International ConferenceTo the International Conference
The Current Situation of Citizenship Education The Current Situation of Citizenship Education in in SouthwesternSouthwestern, , SoutheasternSoutheastern and Eastern and Eastern
EuropeEurope
Bielefeld University, June 7Bielefeld University, June 7--10, 200710, 2007
• Operationalisation of the theoretical terms of transformation and of
transformation of citizenship education and of dealing with transformation in
citizenship education for empirical research
• Methodological instruments to grasp how CE-actors perceive the
expectations addressed to citizenship education and how they react to them(international, national, federal, local; administrative, societal environments
etc.)
• Methodology of constructing patterns of transformation, perception and reaction and of comparing them within a country and between countries
Complex OrganisationComplex Organisation of CE:of CE: ““Entangling in?Entangling in?””
Church /
religious groups
Local political
problems
Media debates
NGOs
National politics
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• Nils Brunsson‘s Approach of „Organized Hypocrisy“
The Organization of Hypocrisy: Talk, Decisions and Action in Organizations. Oslo 2002.
Definition:
• Organized hypocrisy emerges when an organization has to react simultaneously to inconsistent demands in order to satisfy main conflicting interests because it can’t ignore them.
• Being confronted to external normative and material pressures as well as internal expectations, organizations might use different forms of reactions to satisfy differing demands.
• These inconsistent reactions must be causally unrelated to avoidtheir interfere with each other.
• If this is accomplished through decoupling of rhetorical talk, decision and real action, we speak of organized hypocrisy.
Organisations Dealing with Conflicting ExpectationsOrganisations Dealing with Conflicting Expectations
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Organisational Reaction to Inconsistent Demands of EnvironmentsOrganisational Reaction to Inconsistent Demands of Environments
Organisatione.g. a local school authority
Demand A“national politics: establishing strong
national identity”
Demand C“municipality: no increasing
of the costs for education”
Demand B„Council of Europe: educating active
European citizens”
Demand D“church: handing down
traditional family moral”
Demand E“NGO: stop discriminating
homosexuals in schools ”
Reaction B:Decision to intensify pupils exchange with European twin towns
Reaction E: Policy statement for teaching human rights and tolerance in schools
Reaction A: Using Ministry approved textbooks; communicating the importance of national education
Reaction C: Relaunching and renaming of existing activities (cost neutral)
Reaction D: Round-table “The importance of our values today” as an public event
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Instruments for Grasping Organised Hypocrisy and Transformation Instruments for Grasping Organised Hypocrisy and Transformation of CEof CE
Organisation
Demand A
Demand C
Demand B
Demand D
Demand E
Reaction B
Reaction E
Reaction A
Reaction C
Reaction D
Authoritative vs. democratic Citizenship Education?
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Working StepsWorking Steps
Step 1Analysis of relevant political and media discourse
Step 2Analysis of particular patterns of introducing models and concepts
into the educational system, of perceiving CE related expectations and demands, and of organising viable reactions
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Empirical WorkEmpirical Work
National Ministry
International actors: EU, CoE, …
Regional educational authorities
Local school authorities
School headships
Classroom practice
Exp
ecta
tio
ns f
rom
th
e e
nvir
on
men
ts
Interviews
Video observation
Analysis of documents
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• public positions of perceiving the totalitarian past (among other the retrospective construction of the (totalitarian) past is to be described);
• patriotic ideas and movements;
• minorities;
• gender;
• freedom of speech and media
• democratic legitimacy of political system and political decisions.
Maintaining Comparability: Thematic Frame for the StudyMaintaining Comparability: Thematic Frame for the Study
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Working StepsWorking Steps
Step 1Analysis of relevant political and media discourse
Step 2Analysis of particular patterns of introducing models and concepts
into the educational system, of perceiving CE related expectations and demands, and of organising viable reactions
Step 4Comprehensive and comparative analysis of CE transformation(s)
Step 3Typification of the particular processes of CE transformation found
Step 5Theoretical and methodological results for future research on CE
Step 6Policy recommendations
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Expected ResultsExpected Results
• Types of organised hypocrisy in the CE systems of countries which share common features of the transformation and democratisation processes
• Understanding of the intertwined processes at the European and the national levels: European institutionalisation of CE, national implementation and reinterpretation of the shared rules for CE
• Empirically based typology of citizenship conceptions and CE approaches being presented and practiced in the national systems of CE
• Better understanding of actual conditions for implementing CE in schools by taking into account specific patterns of organised hypocrisy
• Revision of usual indicators for CE and elaboration of indicators adequate for CE as a matter of organisation and for the specificconditions of transforming countries