1 http://perso.orange.fr/hibiscustour/lag-cor/gueulereq2.JPG 1 http://newsday.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/jackshine.jpg 2 Fight-or-Flight Response (Sympathetic Nervous System) •Heart beats more rapidly and more forcefully •Blood pressure is elevated by generalized constriction of blood vessels (except those supplying skeletal muscle cells, which dilate) •Respiratory airways open wide •Glycogen and fat stores are broken down for energy •Pupils dilate •Sweating increases •Digestive and urinary activities are inhibited 3
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•Heart beats more rapidly and more forcefully•Blood pressure is elevated by generalized constriction of blood vessels (except thosesupplying skeletal muscle cells, which dilate)
•Respiratory airways open wide•Glycogen and fat stores are broken down for
energy
•Pupils dilate•Sweating increases•Digestive and urinary activities are inhibited
3
2
THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE•New properties emerge at successive levels of biological hierarchy. (esp. muscles:
– The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function. (esp. muscle cells, endocrine cells, & nerve cells)
– Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. (esp. myofibril structure)
•Life’s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic information.
•Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matter.
•From ecosystems to molecules, interactions are important to biological systems.– Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. – Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment. (esp. nervous
system and endocrine system)
•Evolution – biology’s core theme – accounts for the unity and diversity of life.
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN BIOLOGY •In studying nature, scientists make observations and then form and test hypotheses.
– Science uses many technologies for specific goals of inquiry. (esp. transmission electron microscopy)
•Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints.4
5
Fig. 49.6
6
i.e., Somatic system
e.g. odorant
molecules
e.g., G-
protein-
linked
odorant
receptors
e.g., olfactory
sensory
neurons
Fig. 49.8
3
7
*
*
*
*
*
*
Fig. 49.9
http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/neuro4.jpg
8
Ach =
Acetylcholine
NE =
Norepinephrine
Somatic Nervous (Motor) System
Autonomic Nervous System
Figure not from textbook
9
Fig. 50.34
4
10
Fig. 50.36
11
Fig. 50.37
12
Fig. 50.34
5
13
Fig. 50.26
Individual muscle fibers (muscle cells); note multiple nuclei (each one several
sarcomeres long); there are parts of three muscle fibers in the right hand view;
striations are obvious, A-bands (dark stain) alternating with I-bands (lighter stain)
– The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function. (esp. muscle cells, endocrine cells, & nerve cells)
– Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. (esp. myofibril structure)
•Life’s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic information.
•Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matter.
•From ecosystems to molecules, interactions are important to biological systems.– Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. – Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment. (esp. nervous
system and endocrine system)
•Evolution – biology’s core theme – accounts for the unity and diversity of life.
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN BIOLOGY •In studying nature, scientists make observations and then form and test hypotheses.
– Science uses many technologies for specific goals of inquiry. (esp. transmission electron microscopy)
•Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints.77