4 Act 1995-2 LAWS OF PENNSYLVANIA No. 1995-2 Act 1995-2 LAWS OF PENNSYLVANIA SB 1 No. 1995-2 ... penalties otherwise authorized by law and imposed as aresult of illegal ... Remedial

4 Act 1995-2 LAWS OF PENNSYLVANIA

SB 1

No. 1995-2

AN ACT

Providing for the recycling of existing industrial and commercial sites; furtherdefining the cleanup liability of new industries and tenants; establishingaframework for setting environmentalremediation standards;establishingtheVoluntary CleanupLoan Fund, the Industrial Land Recycling Fund and theIndustrialSitesCleanupFundto aid industrialsitecleanups;assigningpowersanddutiesto the EnvironmentalQuality Board andthe Departmentof EnvironmentalResources;andmaking repeals.

Chapter 1. General Provisions

SectionSectionSectionSectionSectionSectionSection

101.102.103.104.105.106.107.

TABLE OF CONThNTS

Section301.Section 302.Section 303.Section 304.Section 305.Section 306.Section 307.Section 308.

Remediation standards.Background standard.Statewidehealthstandard.Site-specificstandard.Special industrial areas.Local land developmentcontrols.Immediate response.Appealableactions.

Chapter5. CleanupLiability Protection

Section 501.Section 502.Section503.Section504.Section 505.Section 506.

Cleanup liability protection.Special industrial areas.Existing exclusions.New liability.Reopeners.Authority reserved.

Chapter 7. Industrial Land Recycling Fund

Section701.Section702.Section703.

Industrial LandRecycling Fund.Industrial Sites CleanupFund.

Shorttitle.Declaration of policy.Definitions.Powers andduties.CleanupStandardsScientific Advisory Board.Scope.Existing standards.

Chapter 3. Remediation StandardsandReview Procedures

Fees.

SESSION OF 1995 Act 1995-2 5

Chapter 9. MiscellaneousProvisions

Section 901. Plain language.Section 902. Permitsand other requirements.Section903. Future actions.Section 904. Relationship to FederalandStateprograms.Section 905. Enforcement.Section 906. Pastpenalties.Section 907. Evaluation.Section 908. Repeals.Section 909. Effective date.

The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania herebyenactsas follows:

CHAPTER 1GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 101. Short title.This act shall be known and may be cited as the Land Recycling and

Environmental Remediation StandardsAct.Section 102. Declaration of policy.

The General Assembly finds anddeclaresasfollows:(1) The elimination of public health and environmental hazards on

existing commercial and industrialland across this Commonwealth is vitalto their useandreuse as sourcesof employment,housing, recreation andopen-space areas. The reuse of industriallandis an importantcomponentof a sound land-use policy that will help prevent the needlessdevelopmentof prime farmland, open-spaceareasandnaturalareasandreducepubliccostsfor installing new water, sewerandhighway infrastructure.

(2) Incentivesshouldbe put in placeto encourageresponsiblepersonsto voluntarily develop and implement cleanup plans without the use oftaxpayerfunds or the need for adversarial enforcement actions by theDepartment of Environmental Resourceswhich frequently only serve todelay cleanupsandincrease their cost.

(3) Public health and environmental hazardscannot be eliminatedwithout clear, predictable environmental remediation standardsand aprocessfor developingthosestandards.Any remediationstandardsadoptedby this Commonwealth must provide for the protection of public healthand the environment.

(4) It is necessaryfor the General Assembly to adopt a statute whichsetsenvironmentalremediationstandardsto provide auniform frameworkfor cleanup decisions because few environmental statutes set cleanupstandardsandto avoidpotentially conflicting andconfusingenvironmentalstandards.The General Assembly also hasa duty to implement theprovisions of section 27 of Article I of the Constitution of Pennsylvaniawith respectto environmental remediation activities.


(5) It is necessaryfor theGeneralAssemblyto adoptastatutewhichprovidesamechanismto establishcleanupstandardswithout relieving apersonfrom any liability for administrative,civil or criminal fines orpenaltiesotherwiseauthorizedby law andimposedas aresultof illegaldisposalof waste or for pollution of the land, air or waters of thisCommonwealthon an identified site.

(6) Cleanupplansshouldbebasedontheactualrisk thatcontaminationon the site may poseto public health andthe environment,taking intoaccountits currentandfuture useandthe degreeto which contaminationcanspreadoffsiteandexposethepublicor theenvironmentto risk,not oncleanuppolicies requiringeverysitein thisCommonwealthto bereturnedto apristine condition.

(7) Cleanupplansshouldhaveasagoalremedieswhichtreat,destroyor removeregulatedsubstanceswhenevertechnically andeconomicallyfeasibleas determinedunderthe provisionsof this act.

(8) TheDepartmentof EnvironmentalResourcesnowroutinelythroughits permittingpolicies determineswhen contaminationwill andwill notpose a significant risk to public health or the environment. Similarconceptsshouldbe usedin establishingcleanuppolicies.

(9) Thepublic is entitledto understandhowremediationstandardsareappliedto asite through aplain languagedescriptionof contaminationpresenton asite, the risk it posesto public healthand the environmentandany proposedcleanupmeasure.

Section 103. Definitions.The following words and phraseswhen used in this actshall havethe

meaningsgiven to them in this sectionunlessthe contextclearly indicatesotherwise:

“Agricultural chemical.” A substancedefmed as a fertilizer, soilconditioneror plantgrowth substanceundertheactof May 29, 1956(1955P.L.1795, No.598),known as the PennsylvaniaFertilizer, Soil ConditionerandPlant Growth SubstanceLaw, or asubstanceregulatedunder theactofMarch 1, 1974 (P.L.90,No.24),knownas thePennsylvaniaPesticideControlAct of 1973.

“Agricultural chemical facility.” A facility whereagriculturalchemicalsareheld,stored,blended,formulated,sold or distributed.Thetermdoesnotinclude facilities identified by SIC 2879 where agricultural chemicalsaremanufactured.

“Aquifer.” A geologic formation, group of formations or part of aformationcapableof asustainableyield of significant amountof waterto awell or spring.

“Background.” Theconcentrationof aregulatedsubstancedeterminedbyappropriatestatisticalmethodsthatis presentat thesite, but is not relatedtothe releaseof regulatedsubstancesat the site.

“BADCT” or “Best Available DemonstratedControl Technology.” Thecommerciallyavailableengineeringtechnologywhichhasdemonstratedatfullscaleon a consistentbasisthat it mosteffectively achievesthe standardfor

SESSIONOF 1995 Act 1995-2 7

aremediationactionfor a regulatedsubstanceat a contaminatedsite undersimilar applications.

“Board.” The Cleanup StandardsScientific Advisory Board establishedin section 105.

“Carcinogen.” A chemical,biological or physicalagentdefinedby theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency as a humancarcinogen.

“Cleanupor remediation.” Tocleanup,mitigate,correct,abate,minimize,eliminate,control or preventa releaseof a regulatedsubstanceinto theenvironmentin order to protectthe presentor futurepublic health,safety,welfareor theenvironment,includingpreliminary actionsto studyor assesstherelease.

“Contaminant.” A regulatedsubstancereleasedinto the environment.“Control.” Toapply engineeringmeasures,suchascappingor treatment,

or institutionalmeasures,suchasdeedrestrictions,to siteswith contaminatedmedia.

“Department.” The Departmentof EnvironmentalResourcesof theCommonwealth or its successor agency.

“Engineering controls.” Remedialactionsdirected exclusively towardcontainingor controlling themigration of regulatedsubstancesthroughtheenvironment.Theseinclude,but arenotlimited to, slurrywalls,linersystems,caps,leachatecollectionsystemsandgroundwaterrecoverytrenches.

“EPA.” The EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyor its successoragency.“Fate and transport.” A term used to describethe degradationof a

chemicalover time and where chemicalsare likely to move given theirphysicalandotherpropertiesand theenvironmental medium they-are-movingthrough.

“Groundwater.” Waterbelow the landsurfacein azoneof saturation.“Hazardindex.” The sum of more thanonehazardquotientfor multiple

substancesandmultiple exposurepathways.The hazardindexis calculatedseparatelyfor chronic, subchronic and shorter duration exposures.

“Hazardquotient.” The ratio of asinglesubstanceexposurelevel overaspecified period, e.g. subchronic,to a referencedose for that substancederived from a similar exposureperiod.

“HazardousSitesCleanupFund.” The fund establishedunderthe actofOctober18, 1988 (P.L.756,No.108),known as the HazardousSitesCleanupAct.

“Health advisory levels” or “HAL’s.” The health advisory levelspublished by the United States Environmental Protection Agency forparticularsubstances.

“Industrial activity.” Commercial,manufacturing,public utility, miningor any otheractivity doneto furthereither the development,manufacturingor distribution of goodsand services,intermediateand final productsandsolid waste createdduring such activities, including, but not limited to,administrationof businessactivities,researchand development,warehousing,shipping,transport,remanufacturing,stockpiling of raw materials, storage,


repairand maintenanceof commercialmachineryandequipmentandsolidwastemanagement.

“Institutional controls.” A measureundertakento limit or prohibitcertainactivities thatmay interferewith the integrity of a remedialactionor resultin exposureto regulatedsubstancesat a site. Theseinclude, but are notlimited to, fencingor restrictionson the futureuseof the site.

“Medium-specific concentration.” The concentrationassociatedwith aspecifiedenvironmentalmediumfor potentialrisk exposures.

“Mitigation measures.”Any remediationactionperformedby a personprior to or during implementationof a remediationplan with the intent toprotecthumanhealthandthe environment.

“Municipality.” A township,borough,city, incorporatedvillageor homerule municipality. This termshall not includea county.

“Nonresidential property.” Any real property on which commercial,industrial,manufacturingor any otheractivity is doneto further either thedevelopment, manufacturing or distribution of goods and services,intermediateandfinal products,including, but not limited to, administrationof businessactivities, researchand development,warehousing,shipping,transport,remanufacturing,stockpilingof raw materials,storage,repairandmaintenanceof commercial machinery and equipment, and solid wastemanagement.This term shall not include schools,nursing homesor otherresidential-style facilities or recreational areas.

“Person.” An individual, firm, corporation,association,partnership,consortium,joint venture,commercialentity,authority,nonprofitcorporation,interstatebodyorotherlegalentity which is recognizedby law-as-the-subjectof rights and duties. The term includes the FederalGovernment,Stategovernment,political subdivisionsandCommonwealthinstrumeatalitie.s.

“Point of compliance.” For thepurposesof determiningcompliancewithgroundwaterstandards,thepropertyboundaryat thetime thecontaminationis discovered or suchpointbeyondthepropertyboundaryasthe Departmentof EnvironmentalResourcesmay determineto be appropriate.

“Practical quantitation limit.” The lowest limit that can be reliablyachievedwithin specified limits of precision and accuracyunderroutinelaboratory conditions for a specified matrix and based on quantitation,precisionandaccuracy,normal operationof a laboratory andthe practicalneedin a compliance-monitoringprogramto havea sufficient numberoflaboratories available to conduct the analyses.

“Public utility.” The termshall have thesamemeaningas given to it in66 Pa.C.S.(relating to publicutilities).

“Regulatedsubstance.”The term shallincludehazardoussubstancesandcontaminantsregulatedundertheactof October18, 1988 (P.L.756,No.108),known as the HazardousSitesCleanupAct, and substancescoveredby theactof June22, 1937 (P.L.1987,No.394),knownas TheCleanStreamsLaw,the actof January 8, 1960 (1959 P.L.2119, No.787), known as the AirPollutionControlAct, theactofJuly 7, 1980(P.L.380,No.97),knownastheSolid WasteManagementAct, the act of July 13, 1988 (P.L.525,No.93),

SESSION OF 1995 Act 1995-2 9

referredto as the Infectious and Chemotherapeutic Waste Law, and theactof July 6, 1989 (P.L.169, No.32), known as the Storage Tank and SpillPreventionAct.

“Release.” Spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying,discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping or disposing of aregulatedsubstanceinto theenvironmentin amannernot authorizedby theDepartmentof EnvironmentalResources.The termincludestheabandonmentor discardingof barrels,containers,vesselsandother receptaclescontaininga regulated substance.

“Residentialproperty.” Any property or portion of the propertywhichdoesnot meetthe definition of “nonresidentialproperty.”

“Responsibleperson.”The term shallhavethe samemeaningasgiventoit in theactof October18, 1988 (P.L.756,No.108),knownastheHazardousSitesCleanupAct, andshall includeapersonsubjectto enforcementactionsfor substancescovered by the act of June 22, 1937 (P1.1987,No.394),known as The Clean StreamsLaw, the act of January 8, 1960 (1959P.L.2119,No.787),known as the Air Pollution Control Act, the act of July7, 1980 (P.L.380,No.97), known asthe Solid WasteManagementAct, theact of July 13, 1988 (P.L.525, No.93), referred to as the InfectiousandChemothempeuticWasteLaw, andtheact of July 6, 1989 (P.L.169,No.32),known asthe StorageTank andSpill PreventionAct.

“Secretary.” The Secretary of Environmental Resources of theCommonwealth.

“Site.” The extent of contaminationoriginating within the propertyboundariesand all areasin closeproximity to thecontaminationnecessary-forthe implementationof remediationactivitiesto be conductedunderthis act.

“SystemictoxicanL” A material thatmanifestsits toxic effect in humansin a form other than cancer.

“Treatment.” The term shall havethe samemeaningas given to it in theactof October 18, 1988 (P.L.756,No.108),known as the HazardousSitesCleanup Act.Section 104. Powersandduties.

(a) EnvironmentalQuality Board.—The EnvironmentalQuality Boardshall have the power and its duty shall be to adoptandamendperiodicallythereafter by regulation Statewide health standards, appropriatemathematicallyvalid statisticaltests to definecompliancewith this actandotherregulationsthatmay beneededto implementtheprovisionsof thisact.Any regulationsneededto implementthisactshallbeproposedno laterthan12 monthsafter the effectivedateof this act andshall be finalizedno laterthan24 monthsafter the effective dateof this act unlessotherwisespecifiedin this act.

(b) Department.—Thedepartmentshall have thepowerandits dutyshallbe to implementtheprovisionsof this act.Section 105. CleanupStandardsScientific Advisory Board.

(a) Establishment.—Thereis hereby created a 13-memberCleanupStandardsScientific Advisory Board for the purpose of assisting the


departmentand the EnvironmentalQuality Boardin developingStatewidehealth standards,determiningthe appropriatestatisticallyand scientificallyvalid proceduresto be used,determiningthe appropriaterisk factors andproviding other technicalandscientific adviceas neededto implementtheprovisionsof thisact.

(b) Membership.—Fivemembersshallbe appointedby thesecretaryandtwo memberseachby thePresidentpro temporeof theSenate,the MinorityLeaderof the Senate,the Speakerof the House of RepresentativesandtheMinority Leader of the House of Representatives.Membersshall haveabackgroundin engineering, biology, hydrogeology, statistics,medicine,chemistry,toxicology or otherrelatedscientific educationor experiencethatrelatesto problemsandissueslikely to beencounteredin dev-e-inpinghealth-basedcleanup standardsand other proceduresneededto implement theprovisionsof this act.Theboardmembershipshall includerepresentativesoflocal government,thepublic, the academic community, professionals with theappropriatebackgroundandtheregulatedcommunity (manufacturing,smallbusinessandothermembersof thebusinesscommunity).Themembersshallservefor aperiod of four years.The initial termsof the membersshall bestaggeredsothatatleastone-halfof themembers’termsexpirein two years.

(c) Organization.—Theboardshall electa chairpersonby majority voteand may adoptany bylaws or proceduresit deemsnecessaryto accomplishits purpose.Recommendations,positionsor otheractionsof theboardshallbe by a majority of its members.

(d) Expenses.—Membersof theboardshallbereimbursedfor theirtravelexpensesto attendmeetingsas authorizedby the executiveboard.

(e) Support.—Thedepartmentshallprovidetheappropriateadministrativeandtechnicalsupportneededby theboardin orderto accomplishits purpose,including support for surveys and technicalstudiesthe boardmay wish toundertake.Thedepartmentshallpublishanoticeof meetingdates,timesandlocationsandalist of topicsto bediscussedat anymeetingno less than14daysprior to the meeting,publishedin the samemanneras requiredby theactof July 3, 1986 (P.L.388,No.84),known as the SunshineAct.

(1) Interestedpersonslist—The departmentshall maintaina mailing listof personsinterestedin receivingnoticeof meetingsandtheactivitiesoftheboard.The departmentshall namea contactpersonto be responsibleforboardmeetingsandto serveasa contactfor thepublic to askquestionsandget informationabouttheboard.

(g) Accesstodocuments.—Theboardshall haveaccessto all policiesandprocedures,draft proposedor final regulationsor issue paperswhich theboarddeterminesarenecessaryto achievingits purpose.Section 106. Scope.

(a) Remediationstandards.—Theenvironmentalremediationstandardsestablishedunder this act shall be used wheneversite remediation isvoluntarily conductedor is requiredundertheactof June22, 1937 (P.L.1987,No.394),knownasTheCleanStreamsLaw, theactof January8, 1960(1959P.L.2119, No.787),known as theAir Pollution Control Act, the actof July


7, 1980 (P.L.380,No.97),knownas the Solid WasteManagementAct, theactof July 13, 1988 (P.L.525, No.93), referred to as the Infectious andChemotherapeuticWasteLaw,theactof October18, 1988(P.L.756,No.108),known as the HazardousSitesCleanupAct, and the actof July 6, 1989(P.L.169,No.32),knownastheStorageTankandSpillPreventionAct, to beeligible for cleanupliability protection under Chapter 5. In addition, theremediationstandardsestablishedunder this act shall be consideredasapplicable, relevantandappropriaterequirementsfor this Commonwealthunder the ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiability Act of 1980 (PublicLaw 96-510, 42 U.S.C.§ 9601 et seq.)andtheHazardousSitesCleanupAct.

(b) Disclaimer.—Nothing in this act is intendedto nor shall it beconstruedto amend,modify, repealor otherwisealter anyprovisionof anyactcited in this sectionrelatingto civil andcriminalpenaltiesor enforcementactions andremediesavailableto the departmentor in any way to amend,modify, repealor alter theauthority of the departmentto take appropriatecivil andcriminal actionunderthesestatutes.Section 107. Existing standards.

(a) Generalrule.—The departmentmay continue to use remediationstandardsnot adoptedunder the provisionsof this act for a period of up tothreeyearsafter the effectivedateof this act unlesssuchexistingstandardsarerevisedor replacedby regulationsadoptedunderthisact.All regulations,policies, guidancedocumentsandproceduresrelating to remediation standardswhich were not adoptedunder the provisionsof this actshall expire threeyears after the effective date of this act. The standardsand proceduresestablished in sections 301, 302, 303(b) and304 shallbeavailablefor useontheeffectivedateof thisactandshallsupersedeexistingregulations,policies,guidancedocumentsandprocedures.

(b) Agreementsandconsentorders.—Thestandardsestablishedunderthisactare not intendedto imposemorestringentcleanupstandardsthanthosewhich are containedin any prior administrativeconsentorder, consentadjudication,judiciallyapprovedconsentorderor othersettlementagreemententeredinto with the departmentunder the authorityof any of the statutesreferredto in section 106 andwhichwere enteredinto with thedepartmenton or before the effective dateof this act unlessall parties theretoagreetosuchchange.

CHAPTER 3REMEDIATION STANDARDS AND REVIEW PROCEDURES

Section 301. Remediationstandards.(a) Standarcts.—Anypersonwhoproposesor is requiredtorespondto the

releaseof aregulatedsubstanceatasite andwhowantsto be eligible for thecleanupliability protectionunderChapter5 shallselectandattaincompliancewith oneor moreof thefollowing environmentalstandardswhenconductingremediationactivities:


(1) a backgroundstandard which achievesbackgroundas furtherspecifiedin section 302;

(2) aStatewidehealthstandardadoptedby the EnvironmentalQualityBoardwhich achievesauniform Statewidehealth-basedlevel so thatanysubstantial presentor probable future risk to human health and theenvironmentis eliminated as specifiedin section 303; or

(3) asite-specificstandardwhichachievesremediationlevelsbased-ona site-specificrisk assessmentso that any substantialpresentor probablefuturerisk to humanhealthandtheenvironmentis eliminatedor reducedto protectivelevelsbasedupon thepresentor currentlyplannedfutureuseof thepropertycomprisingthe site as specifiedin section304.(b) Combinationof standards.—Apersonmay usea combinationof the

remediationstandardsto implementasiteremediationplanand-mayproposeto use the site-specificstandardwhetheror not efforts have beenmadetoattain the backgroundor Statewidehealthstandard.

(c) Determiningattainment.—Forthepurposesof determiningattainmentof any oneor acombinationof remediationstandards,the concentrationofa regulatedsubstanceshall not be required to be less than the practicalquantitationlimit for aregulatedsubstanceas determinedfrom timeto timeby the EPA. The departmentmay, in consultationwith theboard,establishby regulationproceduresfordeterminingattainmentof remediationstandardswhen practicalquantitationlimits set by the EPA havea healthrisk thatisgreaterthan the risk levels set in sections303(c) and 304(b)and (c). Thedepartmentshall not establishproceduresfor determining attainmentofremediation standardswhere maximum contaminantlevels and healthadvisorylevelshavealreadybeenestablishedfor regulatedsubstances.Section 302. Backgroundstandard.

(a) Standard.—Personsselecting the backgroundstandard shall meetbackgroundfor eachregulatedsubstancein eachenvironmentalmedium.

(b) Attainment—Finalcertification thatasite or portionof asite meetsthe backgroundstandardshall be documentedin the following manner:

(1) Attainmentof the backgroundstandardshallbe demonstratedbycollection and analysis of representativesamplesfrom environmentalmediaof concern,including soils andgroundwaterin aquifersin the areawherethecontaminationoccursthroughthe applicationof statisticaltestsset forth in regulation or, if no regulations have been adopted,in ademonstrationof amathematicallyvalid applicationof statisticaltests.TheDepartment of Environmental Resourcesshall also recognize thosemethodsof attainmentdemonstrationgenerallyrecognizedas appropriatefor thatparticularremediation.

(2) A final report that documentsattainmentof the backgroundstandard shall be submitted to the departmentwhich includes, asappropriate:


(i) The descriptionsof proceduresand conclusionsof the siteinvestigationto characterizethe nature,extent,direction,volume andcompositionof’ regulatedsubstances.

(ii) The basis for selecting environmental media of concern,descriptionsof removalor decontaminationproceduresperformedinremediation,summariesof samplingmethodologyandanalyticalresultswhich demonstratethat remediation has attained the backgroundstandard.(3) Whereremediationmeasuresdo not involve removalor treatment

of a contaminantto the backgroundstandard,the final report shalldemonstratethat any remaining contaminantson the site will meetStatewidehealthstandardsandshowcompliancewith anypostremediationcare requirementsthat may be neededto maintain compliancewith theStatewidehealthstandards.

(4) Institutional controls such as fencing and future land userestrictionson a sitemay not be usedto attain the backgroundstandard.Institutional controlsmay be usedto maintainthe backgroundstandardafterremediationoccurs.(c) Authorityreserved.—Ifapersonfails to demonstrateattainmentof the

backgroundstandard,thedepartmentmayrequirethatadditionalremedialionmeasuresbe takenin order to meetthe backgroundstandardor the personmay selectto meet therequirementsof section303 or 304.

(d) Deednotice.—Personsattaininganddemonstratingcompliancewiththe backgroundstandardfor all regulatedsubstancesshall not be subjecttothe deedacknowledgmentrequirementsof the act of July 7, 1980 (P.L.380,No.97),knownas the Solid WasteManagementAct, or the actof October18, 1988 (P.L.756,No.108),knownasthe HazardousSitesCleanupAct. Anexisting acknowledgmentcontained in a deed prior to demonstratingcompliancewith the backgroundstandardmay beremoved.

(e) Notice and review provisions.—Personsutilizing the backgroundstandardshall comply with the following requirementsfor notifying thepublicand thedepartmentof plannedremediationactivities:

(1) Noticeof intent to initiate remediationactivitiesshall be madeinthe following manner:

(i) A noticeof intent to remediatea site shall be submittedto thedepartmentwhich, to theextentknown,providesabrief descriptionofthe location of the site, a listing of the contaminantor contaminantsinvolved, adescriptionof the intendedfuture useof the propertyforemploymentopportunities,housing,openspace,recreationor other~usesandthe proposedremediationmeasures.The departmentshall publishan acknowledgmentnoting receipt of the notice of intent in thePennsylvaniaBulletin.

“or” in enrolledbill.


(ii) At the same time a notice of intent to remediatea site issubmittedto the department,a copyof thenoticeshall be providedtothe municipality in which the site is located,anda swnmaryof thenoticeof intent shallbepublishedinanewspaperof generalcirculationservingthe areain which the site is located.(2) Notice of the submission of the final report demonstrating

attainmentof the backgroundstandardshall be given to the municipalityin which theremediationsite is locatedand’ publishedin a newspaperofgeneralcirculation servingtheareaandin thePennsylvaniaBulletin.

(3) The department shall review the final report demonstratingattainmentof the backgroundstandardwithin 60 days of its receiptornotify thepersonsubmitting thereport of substantivedeficiencies.If thedepartmentdoes not respondwith deficiencieswithin 60 days,the fmalreport shall be deemedapproved.

(4) The noticesprovidedfor in paragraphs(1) and(2) arenotrequiredto bemadeor publishedif thepersonconductingtheremediationsubmitsthe final report demonstratingattainmentof the backgroundstandardasrequiredby this sectionwithin 90 daysof therelease.If the final reportdemonstratingattainmentis not submittedto the departmentwithin 90days of the release,all notices and proceduresrequiredby this sectionshall apply. Thisparagraphis only applicableto releasesoccurringafterthe effectivedateof this act.

Section303. Statewidehealthstandard.(a) Standard.—TheEnvironmental Quality Board shall promulgate

Statewidehealthstandardsfor regulatedsubstancesfor eachenvironmentalmedium.Thestandardsshall includeanyexisting numericalresidentialandnonresidentialhealth-basedstandardsadoptedby thedepartmentandby theFederalGovernmentby regulationor statute,andhealthadvisorylevels.Forthosehealth-basedstandardsnot alreadyestablishedby regulationor statute,theEnvironmentalQuality Boardshall by regulationproposeresidentialandnonresidentialstandardsasmedium-specificconcentrationswithin 12 monthsof theeffectivedateof thisact. The EnvironmentalQuality Boardshall alsopromulgatealong with the standardsthe methods used to calculate thestandards.Standardsadoptedunder this section shall be no morestringentthanthosestandardsadoptedby theFederalGovernment.

(b) Medium-specificconcentrations.—Thefollowing requirementsshallbe usedto establisha medium-specificconcentration:

(1) Any regulateddischargeinto surfacewateroccurring during orafter attainmentof the Statewidehealth standard shall comply withapplicablelaws andregulationsrelating to surfacewaterdischarges.

(2) Any regulatedemissionsto the outdoorair occurring during orafter attainment of the Statewide health standard shall comply withapplicablelawsandregulationsrelating to emissionsinto theoutdoorair.

“located,published”in enrolledbill.


(3) The concentrationof a regulatedsubstancein groundwaterinaquifersused or currentlyplannedto be usedfor drinking wateror foragriculturalpurposesshall comply with the maximumcontaminantlevelor healthadvisorylevel establishedfor drinking water. If thegroundwaterat the site has naturally occurring backgroundtotal dissolvedsolidsconcentrationsgreaterthan 2,500 milligrams per liter, the remediationstandardfor a regulatedsubstancedissolvedin the groundwatermay beadjustedby multiplying themedium-specificconcentrationfor groundwaterin aquifers by 100. The resulting value becomes the maximumcontaminantlevel for groundwater.

(4) For the residential standard, the concentrationof a regulatedsubstancein soil shall not exceedeither the direct contactsoil medium-specificconcentrationbasedonresidentialexposurefactorswithin adepthof up to 15 feet from the existing ground surface or the soil-to-groundwaterpathwaynumericvaluethroughoutthesoil column,Ihe latterto be determinedby any oneof thefollowing methods:

(i) A valuewhich is 100 timesthe medium-specificconcentrationfor groundwater.

(ii) A concentrationin soil at the site that does not produce aleachate in excess of the medium-specific concentrations forgroundwaterin theaquiferwhensubjectedto theSyntheticPrecipitationLeaching Procedures,Method 1312 of SW 846, Test MethodsforEvaluating Solid Waste, promulgated by the United StatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.

(iii) A genericvaluedeterminednot to produceaconcentrationingroundwater in the aquifer in excess of the medium-specificconcentrationfor groundwaterbasedonavalid,peer-reviewedscientificmethodwhichproperly accountsfor factorsaffectingthefate,transportandattenuationof theregulatedsubstancethroughoutthe soil column.(5) For the nonresidentialstandard,the concentrationof a regulated

substancein soil shall not exceedeither the direct contactsoil medium-specific concentrationbasedon nonresidentialexposurefactorswithin adepth of up to 15 feet from the existing ground surface using validscientific methodsreflecting worker exposureor the soil-to-groundwaterpathwaynumericvaluedeterminedin accordancewith paragraph(4).

(6) Exposure scenarios for medium-specific concentrations fornonresidentialconditionsshallbeestablishedusingvalid scientific’me~thodsreflecting worker exposure.(c) Additional factors.—When establishing a medium-specific

concentration,otherthanthoseestablishedundersubsection(b)(1), (2) or (3),the medium-specific concentration for the ingestion of groundwater,inhalationof soils, ingestionandinhalationof volatilesandparticulatesshallbe calculatedby the departmentusing valid scientific methods,reasonableexposurepathway assumptionsand exposurefactors for residentialandnonresidentiallandusewhicharenomorestringentthanthestandarddefaultexposurefactorsestablishedby EPA basedon the following levelsof risk:


(I) For a regulatedsubstancewhich is a carcinogen,the medium-specific concentrationis the concentrationwhich representsan excessupperboundlifetime cancertarget risk of between1 in 10,000and 1 in1,000,000.

(2) For a regulatedsubstancewhich is a systemic toxicant, themedium-specificconcentrationis the concentrationto which humanpopulationscouldbe exposedby direct ingestionor inhalationon adailybasis without appreciablerisk of deleteriouseffects for the exposedpopulation.(d) Relationship to background.—Theconcentrationof a regulated

substancein an environmentalmedium of concern on a site where theStatewidehealthstandardhasbeenselectedshallnotbe requiredto meettheStatewidehealthstandardif theStatewidehealthstandardis numericallylessthanthe backgroundstandard.In suchcases,the backgroundstandardshallapply.

(e) Attainment.—Finalcertification thatasite or portionof a site meetsthe Statewidehealthstandardshallbe documentedin the following manner:

(1) Attainmentof cleanuplevelsshall be demonstratedby collectionandanalysisof representativesamplesfrom theenvironmentalmediumofconcern, including soils, and groundwaterin aquifers at the point ofcompliancethroughtheapplicationof statisticaltestssetforth in regulationor, if no regulatiOns have been adopted, in a demonstrationof amathematicallyvalid applicationof statistical tests.The DepartmentofEnvironmentalResourcesshallalsorecognizethosemethodsofattainmentdemonstrationgenerally recognizedas appropriatefor that particularremediation.

(2) A final report that documentsattainmentof the Statewidehealthstandard shall be submitted to the departmentwhich includes thedescriptionsof proceduresand conclusionsof the site investigation tocharacterizethenature,extent,direction,rateof movementof thesiteandcumulativeeffects, if any, volume, composition and concentrationofcontaminantsin environmentalmedia,thebasisfor selectingenvironmentalmediaof concern,documentationsupportingtheselectionof residentialornonresidentialexposurefactors, descriptionsof removal or treatmentproceduresperformedin remediation,summariesof samplingmethodologyand analytical resultswhich demonstratethat contaminantshave beenremovedor treatedto applicablelevelsanddocumentationof compliancewith postremediationcarerequirementsif theyareneededto maintaintheStatewidehealthstandard.

(3) Institutional controls such as fencing and future land userestrictionson a site may not be used to attain the Statewidehealthstandard.Institutional controls may be used to maintain the Statewidehealthstandardafter remediationoccurs.(1) Authorityreserved.—Ifapersonfails todemonstrateattainmentof the

Statewide health standard, the departmentmay require that additional


remediationmeasuresbe taken in order to meetthe healthstandardor thepersonmay selectto meettherequirementsof section302 or 304.

(g) Deednotice.—Personsattaininganddemonstratingcompliancewiththe Statewidehealthstandardconsideringresidentialexposurefactorsfor aregulatedsubstanceshall not be subject to the deed acknowledgmentrequirementsof theactof July 7, 1980(P.L.380,No.97),knownasthe SolidWasteManagementAct, or the act of October18, 1988 (P.L.756,No.108),known as the HazardousSitesCleanupAct. An existingacknowledgmentcontainedin a deedprior to demonstratingcompliancewith the residentialStatewidehealth standardmay be removed. The deed acknowledgmentrequirementsshallapply wherenonresidentialexposurefactorswere usedtocomplywith the Statewidehealthstandard.

(h) Noticeandreviewprovisions.—Personsutilizing theStatewidehealthstandardshall comply with the following requirementsfor notifying thepublic and the departmentof plannedremediationactivities:

(1) Noticeof intent to initiate remediationactivitiesshall be madeinthefollowing manner:

(i) A noticeof intent to remediateasite shall be submittedto thedepartmentwhichprovides,to the extentknown,a briefdescriptionofthe location of the site, alisting of the contaminantor contaminantsinvolved, a descriptionof the intendedfuture useof the propertyforemploymentopportunities,housing,openspace,recreationorotherusesandtheproposedremediationmeasures.The departmentshall publishan acknowledgmentnoting receipt of the notice of intent in thePennsylvaniaBulletin.

(ii) At the sametime a notice of intent to remediatea site issubmittedto the department,a copyof thenoticeshall be providedtothe municipality in which the site is locatedand a summaryof thenoticeof intent shallbepublishedin anewspaperof generalcirculationservingthe areain which thesite is located.(2) Notice of the submission of the final report demonstrating

attainment of the Statewide health standard shall be given to themunicipalityin which the remediationsite is locatedand’ publishedin anewspaperof generalcirculation servingtheareaandin thePennsylvaniaBulletin.

(3) The departmentshall review the final report demonstratingattainmentof the Statewidehealthstandardwithin 60 daysof its receiptor notify thepersonsubmittingthereportof substantivedeficiencies.If thedepartmentdoesnot respondwith deficiencieswithin 60 days,the finalreport shallbe deemedapproved.

(4) Thenoticesprovidedfor in paragraphs(1) and(2) arenot requiredtobe madeor publishedif thepersonconductingtheremediationsubmitsthe final reportdemonstratingattainmentof theStatewidehealthstandard

“located,published”in enrolledbill.


asrequiredby this sectionwithin 90 daysof therelease.If the final reportdemonstratingattainmentis not submittedto the departmentwithin 90days of the release,all noticesand proceduresrequiredby this sectionshall apply. This paragraphis only applicableto releasesoccurringaftertheeffectivedateof this act.

Section304. Site-specificstandard.(a) General.—Where a site-specific standard is selected as the

environmentalremediationstandardor wherethe backgroundor Statewidehealth standardis selectedbut not achieved,remedial investigation,riskassessment,cleanupplansand fmal reportsshall be developedusing theproceduresandfactorsestablishedby thissection.

(b) Carcinogens.—Forknown or suspectedcarcinogens, soil andgroundwatercleanup standardsshall be establishedat exposureswhichrepresentan excessupper-boundlifetime risk of between1 in 10,000and 1in 1,000,000.Thecumulativeexcessrisk to exposedpopulations,includingsensitivesubgroups,shallnot be greaterthan 1 in 10,000.

(c) Systemic toxicants.—.-Forsystemic toxicants, soil and groundwatercleanupstandardsshallrepresentlevelsto whichthehumanpopulationcouldbe exposedon adaily basiswithout appreciablerisk of deleteriouseffect tothe exposedpopulation.Whereseveralsystemictoxicantsaffect the sametargetorganor actby thesamemethodof toxicity, thehazardindexshallnotexceedone.The hazardindex is the sumof thehazardquotientsfor multiplesystemic toxicantsacting through a single-mediumexposurepathwayorthroughmultiple-mediaexposurepathways.

(d) Groundwater.—Cleanupstandardsforgroundwatershallbeestablishedin accordancewith subsections(b)and(c) usingthefollowingconsiderations:

(1) For groundwater in aquifers, site-specific standardsshall beestablishedusing the following procedures:

(i) The currentand probablefuture use of groundwatershall beidentified and protected.Groundwaterthat has a backgroundtotaldissolvedsolidscontentgreaterthan2,500milligramsper liter or isnotcapable of transmitting water to a pumping well in usable andsustainablequantitiesshall not be considereda currentor potentialsourceof drinking water.

(ii) Site-specificsourcesof contaminantsand potential receptorsshall be identified.

(iii) Natural environmental conditions affecting the fate andtransport of contaminants,such as natural attenuation, shall bedeterminedby appropriatescientific methods.(2) Groundwaternot in aquifers shall be evaluatedusingcurrent or

probablefutureexposurescenarios.Appropriatemanagementactionsshallbe instituted at the point of exposurewhere a person is exposedtogroundwaterby ingestionorotheravenuesto protecthumanhealthandtheenvironment. This shall not preclude taking appropriate sourcemanagementactionsby the responsibleparty to achievethe equivalentlevel of protection.


(e) Soil.—Concentrationsof regulatedsubstancesin soil shallnot exceedvaluescalculatedin accordancewith subsections(b) and(c) basedon humaningestion of soil wheredirect contactexposureto the soil may reasonablyoccur; values calculated to protect groundwater in aquifers at levelsdeterminedin accordancewith subsections(b), (c) and (d); and valuescalculatedto satisfy the requirementsof subsection(g) with respecttodischargesor releasesto surfacewateror emissionsto the outdoorair. Suchdeterminationsshall take into account the effects of institutional andengineeringcontrols,if any,andshallbebasedonsoundscientificprinciples,includingfateandtransportanalysisof themigrationof aregulatedsubstancein relationto receptorexposures.

(1) Factors.—Indeterminingsoilandgroundwatercleanupstandardsundersubsections(d) and(e), thefollowing factorsshall alsobe considered:

(1) Useof appropriatestandardexposurefactorsfor thelanduseof thesitewith referenceto currentandcurrentlyplannedfutureland:use-and:theeffectivenessof institutional or legal controlsplacedon the future useofthe land.

(2) Useof appropriatestatisticaltechniques,including,but notlimitedto, Monte Carlo simulations, to establish statistically valid cleanupstandards.

(3) Thepotentialof humaningestionof regulatedsubstancesin surfacewaterorothersite-specificsurfacewaterexposurepathways,if applicable.

(4) Thepotentialof humaninhalationof regulatedsubstancesfrom theoutdoorair andothersite-specificair exposurepathways,if applicable.(g) Air andsurfacewater.—Any regulateddischargeinto surfacewater

or any regulatedemissionsto the outdoorair which occur during or afterattainmentof thesite-specificstandardshallcomplywith applicablelaws-andregulationsrelating to surfacewaterdischargesoremissionsinto theoutdoorair.

(h) Relationship to background.—Theconcentrationof a regulatedsubstancein an environmentalmediumof concernon a site wherethe site-specific standardhasbeenselectedshall not be requiredto meetthe site-specific standardif the site-specific standardis numerically less than thebackgroundstandard.In suchcases,the backgroundstandardshall apply.

(i) Combinationof measures.—Thestandardsmay be attainedthroughacombinationof remediationactivities that can include treatment,removal,engineeringor institutional controls and can include innovative or otherdemonstratedmeasures.The departmentshall disapprove a site-specificremediationplan that consistssolelyof fences,warning signsor future landuserestrictionsunlessthesite-specificstandardis developedon the basisofexposurefactorswhichare no lessstringentthanthosewhichwouldapply-tothe site atthe time the contaminationis discovered.

(j) Remedyevaluation.—Thefinal remediationplan for a site submittedto thedepartmentshall includeremediationalternativesanda final remedywhich considereachof the following factors:


(1) Long-term risks and effectivenessof the proposedremedythatincludesan evaluationof:

(i) The magnitude of risks remaining after completion of theremedialaction.

(ii) Thetype, degreeanddurationofpostremediationcarerequired,including, but not limited to, operationand maintenance,monitoring,inspectionsandreportsandtheir frequenciesor otheractivitieswhichwill be necessaryto protecthumanhealthandtheenvironment.

(iii) Potential for exposureof humanand environmentalreceptorsto regulatedsubstancesremainingatthe site.

(iv) Long-term reliability of any engineering and voluntaryinstitutional controls.

(v) Potential need for repair, maintenanceor replacementofcomponentsof theremedy.

(vi) Time to achievecleanupstandards.(2) Reduction of the toxicity, mobility or volume of regulated

substances,including the amount of regulatedsubstancesthat will beremoved,contained,treatedor destroyed,thedegreeof expectedreductionin toxicity,mobility or volumeandthetype,quantity,toxicityandmobilityof regulatedsubstancesremainingafter implementationof the remedy.

(3) Short-termrisks and effectivenessof the remedy, including theshort-termrisks that may be posed to the community,workers or theenvironmentduring implementationof the remedyandthe effectivenessandreliability of protectivemeasuresto addressshort-termrisks.

(4) The easeor difficulty of implementing the proposedremedy,including commerciallyavailableremedialmeasureswhichareBADCT,degreeof difficulty associatedwith constructingthe remedy, expectedoperationalreliability, availablecapacityandlocationof needed-treatment,storageanddisposalservicesfor wastes,timeto initiate remedialeffortsandapprovalsnecessaryto implementtheremedialefforts.

(5) The cost of the remediationmeasure,including capital costs,operationandmaintenancecosts,netpresentvalueof capitalandoperationandmaintenancecostsandthe total costsandeffectivenessof thesystem.

(6) The incrementalhealthandeconomicbenefitsshall be evaluatedby comparingthosebenefitsto theincrementalhealthandeconomiccostsassociatedwith implementationof remedialmeasures.(k) Attainment.—Compliancewith thesite-specificstandardis attainedfor

a siteor portion of a site whena remedyapprovedby the departmenthasbeenimplementedin compliancewith the following criteria:

(1) Soil, groundwater,surface water and air emissionstandardsasdeterminedundersubsections(a) through(h) havebeenattained.

(2) Attainmentof the site-specificstandardshall be demonstratedbycollectionandanalysisof samplesfrom affectedmedia,asapplicable,suchas surfacewater, soil, groundwaterin aquifersat thepointof compliancethroughtheapplicationof statisticaltestssetforth in regulationor, if noregulationshave beenadopted,in a demonstrationof a mathematically


valid application of statistical tests. The Departmentof EnvironmentalResourcesshallalsorecognizethosemethodsof attainmentdemonstrationgenerallyrecognizedas appropriatefor thatparticular remediation.(1) Site investigationand remedy selection.—Anyperson selectingto

comply with site-specificstandardsestablishedby this sectionshall submitthe following reports and evaluations,as requiredunder this section, forreview andapprovalby the department:

(1) A remedialinvestigationreport which includes:(i) Documentationanddescriptionsof proceduresandconclusions

from the site investigationto characterizethe nature,extent,direction,rateof movement,volume andcompositionof regulatedsubstances.

(ii) The concentrationof regulatedsubstancesin environmentalmediaof concern,including summariesof samplingmethodologyandanalyticalresults,and informationobtainedfrom attemptsto complywith the backgroundor Statewidehealthstandards,if any.

(iii) A descriptionof the existingor potentialpublic benefitsof theuse or reuseof the property for employmentopportunities,housing,openspace,recreationor otheruses.

(iv) A fate andtransportanalysismay be includedin thereport todemonstratethatno presentor future exposurepathwaysexist.

(v) If no exposurepathwaysexist, a risk assessmentreport andcleanupplanarenot requiredandnoremedyis requiredto beproposedor completed.(2) If required,arisk assessmentreport whichdescribesthepotential

adverseeffectsunderbothcurrentandplannedfutureconditionscausedbythepresenceof aregulatedsubstancein theabsenceof anyfurther-contrrl,remediationor mitigationmeasures.A baselinerisk assessmentreport isnotrequiredwhereit isdeterminedthataspecificremediationmeasurecanbe implementedto attain the site-specificstandard.

(3) A cleanup plan which evaluates the relative abilities andeffectiveness of potential remedies to achieve the requirementsforremediesdescribedin subsection(k) when considering the evaluationfactorsdescribedin subsection(j). The plan shall selecta remedywhichachievesthe requirementsfor remediesdescribedin subsection(k). Thedepartmentmayrequirea furtherevaluationof theselectedremedyor anevaluationof oneor more additional remediesin responseto commentsreceived from the community surrounding the site as a result of thecommunity involvementplanestablishedin subsection(o) which-are-basedon thefactorsdescribedin subsection(j) or asa resultof its ownanalysiswhich atebasedon the evaluationfactorsdescribedin subsection(j).

(4) A final report demonstratingthat the approvedremedyhas beencompletedin accordancewith thecleanupplan.

(5) Nothing in this sectionshall precludeapersonfrom submitting aremedialinvestigationreport, risk assessmentreport andcleanupplanatone time to the departmentfor review.


(m) Deednotice.—Personsattaininganddemonstratingcompliancewithsite-specificstandardsfor a regulatedsubstanceshall be subjectto the deedacknowledgmentrequirementsof the actof July 7, 1980 (P.L.380,No.97),known asthe Solid WasteManagementAct, or the actof October18, 1988(P.L.756,No.108), known as the HazardousSitesCleanupAct. Thenoticeshallincludewhetherresidentialor nonresidentialexposurefactorswere-usedto comply with the site-specificstandard.

(n) Notice and review provisions.—Personsutilizing the site-specificstandardshall comply with the following requirementsfor notifying thepublic andthe departmentof plannedremediationactivities:

(1) (i) A noticeof intent to remediateasite shall besubmittedto thedepartmentwhichprovides,to the extentknown,abriefdescriptionofthe location of the site, a listing of the contaminantor contaminantsinvolvedandtheproposedremediationmeasures.Thedepartmentshallpublishan acknowledgmentnoting receiptof thenoticeof intent in thePennsylvaniaBulletin. At thesametimeanoticeof intent to remediatea site is submittedto the department,a copy of the notice shall beprovided to the municipality in which the site is located, and asummaryof the noticeof intentshall bepublishedin a newspaperofgeneralcirculation servingthe areain which the site is located.

(ii) The noticesrequiredby this paragraphshall includea 30-daypublic andmunicipal commentperiod during which the municipalitycan requestto be involvedin thedevelopmentof the remediationandreuseplans for the site. If requestedby the municipality, the personundertakingthe remediationshall develop and implement a publicinvolvementprogramplanwhich meetstherequirementsof subsection(o). Personsundertakingtheremediationareencouragedto developaproactiveapproachto workingwith themunicipalityin developingandimplementingremediationandreuseplans.(2) The following notice and review provisions apply each time a

remedialinvestigationreport,riskassessmentreport,cleanupplanandfinalreport demonstratingcompliance with the site-specific standard issubmittedto the department:

(i) Whenthereportor planis submittedto thedepartment,anoticeof its submissionshall beprovidedto themunicipalityin whichthesiteis located,andanoticesummarizingthefindingsandrecommendationsof the report or plan shall be published in a newspaperof generalcirculation serving the area in which the site is located. If themunicipality requestedto be involved in the developmentof theremediationandreuseplans,thereportsandplansshall alsoincludeihecommentssubmittedby themunicipality, thepublicandtheresponsesfrom the personspreparingthe reportsandplans.

(ii) The departmentshall reviewthe reportor plan within no morethan90 daysof its receiptor notify thepersonsubmitting thereportofdeficiencies.If the departmentdoes not respond with deficiencieswithin 90 days,thereport shallbe deemedapproved.


(3) If the remedial investigation report, risk assessmentreport andcleanupplan are submitted at the same time to the department,thedepartmentshall notify personsof any deficienciesin 90 days. If thedepartmentdoesnot respondwith deficiencieswithin 90 days,thereportsaredeemedapproved.(o) Communityinvolvement.—Personsusing site-specificstandardsare

requiredto developapublic involvementplan which involves the public inthe cleanupand use of the property if the municipality requeststo beinvolved in the remediationand reuseplans for the site. The plan shallproposemeasuresto involve thepublic in thedevelopmentand-review-oftheremedialinvestigationreport,risk assessmentreport, cleanupplan andfinalreport.Dependingonthesite involved,measuresmayincludetechniquessuchas developingaproactivecommunity informationandconsultation-programthat includesdoor step notice of activities relatedto remediation,publicmeetingsandroundtablediscussions,convenientlocationswheredocumentsrelatedto a remediationcanbe madeavailableto thepublicand-desi~gnatingasingle contactpersonto whom communityresidentscan askquestions:theformationof a community-basedgroupwhich is usedto solicit suggestionsandcommentson thevariousreportsrequiredby thissection;-and,if needed,the retentionof trained,independentthird partiesto facilitate meetingsanddiscussionsandperform mediationservices.Section 305. Specialindustrial areas.

(a) Specialsites.—Forpropertyusedfor industrialactivitieswherethereis no financially viable responsiblepersonto cleanup contaminationor forlandlocatedwithin enterprisezonesdesignatedpursuantto therequirementsof the Departmentof Community Affairs, the review proceduresof thissection shallapplyfor personsconductingremediationactivitieswhodid notcauseor contributeto contaminationon the property. Any environmentalremediationundertakenpursuantto this section shall comply with one ormoreof the standardsestablishedin thischapter.

(b) Baselinereport.—Abaselineremedialinvestigationshallbeconductedon the property basedon a work plan approvedby the department,andabaselineenvironmental report shall be submitted to the departmenttoestablisha referencepoint showingexistingcontaminationon the site.Thereport shall describetheproposedremediationmeasuresto be undertakenwithin the limits of cleanupliability found in section502. The report shallalsoincludea descriptionof the existingor potentialpublic benefitsof theuse or reuseof theproperty for employmentopportunities,housing,openspace,recreationor otheruse.

(c) Public review.—Personsundertakingthe cleanupandreuseof sitesunderthis sectionshall comply with the following public noticeandreviewrequirements:

(1) A notice of intent to remediatea site shall be submitted to thedepartmentwhichprovides,to the extentknown,abriefdescriptionof thelocationof the site,alisting of the contaminantor contaminantsinvolvedandthe proposedremediationmeasures.The departmentshall publishan


acknowledgmentnoting receiptof thenoticeof intent in thePennsylvaniaBulletin. At the same time a notice of intent to remediatea site issubmittedto thedepartment,acopy of the noticeshall beprovidedto themunicipality in whichthe site is located,anda summaryof the noticeofintentshallbe publishedin a newspaperof generalcirculation servingtheareain which the site is located.

(2) The notices requiredby this subsectionshall include a 30-daypublicandmunicipal commentperiod during which the municipality canrequestto be involved in the developmentof the remediationandreuseplansfor thesite. If requestedby themunicipality, thepersonundertakingthe remediationshall develop and implement a public involvementprogramplan which meetsthe requirementsof section 304(o).Personsundertaking the remediation are encouragedto develop a proactiveapproach to working with the municipality in developing andimplementingremediationandreuseplans.(d) Departmentreview.—No later than 90 days after the completed

environmentalreportissubmittedfor review, thedepartmentshalldeterminewhetherthereportadequatelyidentifiestheenvironmentalhazards-and-risksposedby thesite.Thecommentsobtainedasaresultof apublic involvementplan developed under section 304(o) shall also be consideredby thedepartment.The departmentshall notify the personsubmitting the reportofdeficiencieswithin 90 days. If the departmentdoesnot respondwithin 90days,thereport is consideredapproved.

(e) Agreement.—Thedepartmentandthepersonundertakingthereuseofa special industrial site shall enter into an agreementbased on theenvironmentalreportwhich outlinescleanupliability for theproperty.

(1) Departmentactions.—Apersonentering into an agreementpursuantto this sectionshall not interferewith any subsequentremediationeffortsbythedepartmentor othersto dealwith contaminationidentified in thebaselineenvironmentalreportso long asit doesnot disrupt the useof the property.

(g) Deed notice.—Personsentering into agreementspursuant to thissectionshall be subjectto thedeedacknowledgmentrequirementsof theactof July 7, 1980 (P.L.380,No.97), known as the Solid WasteManagementAct, or the act of October 18, 1988 (P.L.756, No.108), known as theHazardousSitesCleanupAct, whereapplicable.Section306. Local land developmentcontrols.

This actshall not affect theability of local governmentsto regulatelanddevelopmentunder theact of July 31, 1968 (P.L.805,No.247),knownasthePennsylvaniaMunicipalitiesPlanningCode.Theuseof theidentifiedpropertyandanydeedrestrictionsusedaspartof aremediationplanshallcomplywithlocal land development controls adopted under the PennsylvaniaMunicipalitiesPlanningCode.Section307. Immediateresponse.

(a) Emergencyresponse.—Theprovisionsofthischaptershallnotpreventor impedetheimmediateresponseof thedepartmentor responsiblepersontoan emergencywhich involves an imminentor actualreleaseof a regulated


substancewhich threatenspublic health or the environment. The finalremediationof thesiteshallcomplywith theprovisionsof thischapterwhichshall not be prejudicedby themitigationmeasuresundertakento thatpoint.

(b) Interim response.—Theprovisionsof thischaptershallnotpreventorimpedearesponsiblepersonfrom undertakingmitigationmeasurestopreventsignificant impactson humanhealthor the environment.Thosemitigationmeasuresmay include limiting public accessto the releasearea,installingdrainage controls to prevent runoff, stabilization and maintenanceofcontainmentstructures, actions to prevent the migration of regulatedsubstances,on-site treatment or other measuresnot prohibited by thedepartment.The final remediationof thesiteshallcomplywith theprovisionsof this chapterwhich shall not be prejudicedby the mitigation measuresundertakento that point.Section 308. Appealableactions.

Decisionsby thedepartmentinvolving thereportsandevaluationsrequiredunderthischaptershallbeconsideredappealableactionsundertheactof July13, 1988(P.L.530,No.94),knownastheEnvironmentalHearingBoardAct.

CHAPTER 5CLEANUPLIABILITY PROTECTION

Section 501. Cleanupliability protection.(a) General.—Any person demonstrating compliance with the

environmentalremediation standardsestablishedin Chapter 3 shall berelievedof furtherliability for theremediationof the siteunder the statutesoutlinedin section 106for anycontaminationidentified in reportssubmittedto and approvedby the departmentto demonstratecompliancewith thesestandardsandshallnotbesubjecttocitizensuitsor othercontributionactionsbroughtby responsiblepersons.Thecleanupliability protectionprovidedbythis chapterappliesto the following persons:

(1) Thecurrentor futureownerof theidentified propertyor any otherpersonwho participatedin the remediationof the site.

(2) A personwhodevelopsor otherwiseoccupiesthe identified site.(3) A successoror assign of any person to whom the liability

protectionapplies.(4) A public utility to theextentthe public utility performsactivities

on the identified site.(b) Assessments.—Apersonshallnotbeconsideredapersonresponsible

for areleaseor athreatenedreleaseof aregulatedsubstancesimplyby virtueof conducting an environmentalassessmentor transaction screen on aproperty.Nothing in this sectionrelievesapersonof anyliability for failureto exercisedue diligence in performing an environmentalassessmentortransactionscreen~Section502. Specialindustrialareas.

(a) Agreement.—Thedepartmentandthepersonundertakingthereuseinaspecialindustrialareaundersection305shall enterinto anagreement-basedon the environmentalreportwhichoutlinescleanupliability for theproperty.


Any personincluded in suchanagreementshall not be subjectto a citizensuit, other contribution actions brought by responsible persons notparticipatingin theremediationof thepropertyor other actionsbroughtbythe departmentwith respect to the property exceptthose which may benecessaryto enforcethe termsof the agreement.

(b) Liability.—Thecleanupliabilitiesfor thepersonundertakingthereuseof the propertyshall include thefollowing:

(1) The person shall only be responsible for remediationof anyimmediate,director imminentthreatsto public healthor theenvironment,.such as drummedwaste,which would preventthe property from beingoccupied for its intendedpurpose.

(2) Thepersonshallnot beheldresponsiblefor theremediationof anycontaminationidentified in the environmentalreport, other than thecontaminationnotedin paragraph(1).

(3) Nothing in this act shall relieve the personfrom any cleanupliability for contaminationlater causedby thatpersonon the property.(c) Developeror occupier.—Aperson who develops or occupiesthe

property shall not be considered a responsibleperson for purposesofassigningcleanupliability.

(d) Successoror assign.—Asuccessoror assignof any personto whomcleanupliability protectionappliesfor a property shall not be consideredaresponsiblepersonfor purposesof assigningcleanupliability, providedthesuccessoror assignis not a personresponsiblefor contaminationon thepropertywho did not participatein the environmentalremediationaction.

(e) Public utility.—A public utility shall not be consideredaresponsiblepersonfor purposesof assigningcleanupliability to the extent the publicutility performsactivities on the identified property, provided the publicutility is not apersonresponsiblefor contaminationon the property.Section503. Existing exclusions.

The protectionfrom cleanupliability affordedunder this actshall be inaddition to the exclusionsfrom beingaresponsiblepersonunder-thestatutes-listedin section 106.Section504. New liability.

Nothing in thisactshallrelieveapersonreceivingprotectionfrom cleanupliability underthis chapterfrom any cleanupliability for contaminationlatercausedby thatpersonon asitewhich hasdemonstratedcompliancewith-oneor moreof theenvironmentalremediationstandardsestablishedin Chapter3.Section505. Reopeners.

Any personwho completesremediationin compliancewith this act shallnot be required to undertake additional remediation actions unless thedepartmentdemonstratesthat:

(1) fraudwascommittedin demonstratingattainmentof astandardatthe sitethatresultedin avoiding theneedfor furthercleanupof thesite;

(2) new informationconfirms the existenceof an areaof previouslyunknown contaminationwhich containsregulatedsubstancesthat have


beenshownto exceedthestandardsappliedtopreviousremediationatthesite;

(3) theremediationmethodfailed to meetoneor acombinationof thethreecleanupstandards;

(4) thelevel of risk is increasedbeyondtheacceptablerisk rangeatasitedueto substantialchangesin exposureconditions,suchasin achangein landusefrom nonresidentialto aresidentialuse,or new informationisobtainedaboutaregulatedsubstanceassociatedwith thesitewhiclrrevisesexposureassumptionsbeyond the acceptablerange. Any person whochangesthe use of the property causingthe level of risk to increasebeyondthe acceptablerisk rangeshall be requiredby the departmenttoundertakeadditionalremediationmeasuresundertheprovisionsof this-act;or

(5) (i) thereleaseoccurredafter theeffectivedateof thisacton asite:not usedfor industrial activity prior to theeffective dateof this act;

(ii) the remedyrelied in whole or in part upon institutional orengineeringcontrolsinsteadof treatmentor removalof contamination;and

(iii) treatment,removalor destructionhasbecometechnicallyandeconomicallyfeasibleon thatpart.

Section506. Authority reserved.Exceptfor theperformanceof furtherremediationof the site, nothing in

thisactshall affect theability or authorityof any personto seekany reliefavailableagainstany party who may have liability with respectto this site.This actshall not affect theability or authority to seekcontributionfrom anypersonwho may haveliability with respectto the site anddid not receivecleanupliability protectionunder this chapter.

CHAPTER 7INDUSTRIAL LAND RECYCLING FUND

Section701. Industrial Land RecyclingFund.(a) Fund.—Thereis herebyestablisheda separateaccountin the State

Treasury,to beknownas theIndustrial LandRecyclingFund,which shallbea specialfund administeredby the department.

(b) Purpose.—Themoneysdepositedin this fund shall be usedby thedepartmentfor thepurposeof implementingthe provisionsof thisact.

(c) Funds.—In addition to any funds appropriatedby the GeneralAssembly,Federalfundsandprivatecontributionsandanyfinesandpenaltiesassessedunderthis act shall be depositedinto the fund.Moneysin thefundareherebyappropriated,upontheapprovalof theGovernor,for thepurposesof thisact.

(d) Annual report.—Thedepartmentshall on October 1 of each yearreportto the GeneralAssemblyon theexpendituresandcommitmentsmadefrom the Industrial LandRecyclingFund.


Section702. Industrial SitesCleanupFund.(a) Establishment.—Thereis herebyestablishedaseparateaccountin the

StateTreasury,tobeknownastheIndustrial SitesCleanupFund,whichshallbeaspecialfund administeredby the Departmentof Commerce.Within 60days of the effective date of this act, the Departmentof Commerceshallfinalize guidelinesandissue applicationforms to administerthis fund.

(b) Purpose.—TheIndustrial SitesCleanupFundis to provide financialassistancetopersonswhodid not causeorcontributeto thecontamination-onpropertyusedfor industrialactivity on orbeforetheeffectivedateof thisactand who proposeto undertakea voluntary cleanupof the property. Thefinancial assistanceshall bein anamountof up to 75% of thecostsincurredfor completingan environmentalstudyandimplementingacleanupplanbyan eligible applicant.Financialassistancemay be in the form of grantsasprovided in this section or low-interest loans,to be lent at a rate not toexceed2%.

(c) Grants.—Grantsmay be made to political subdivisions or theirinstrumentalitiesor localeconomicdevelopmentagenciesfor thepurposesofthis section if the granteeowns the site on which the cleanupis beingconductedand the granteeis overseeingthe cleanup.The total amount ofgrantsawardedunderthissectionin anyonefiscalyearshall not exceed20%of the total amountof the Industrial SitesCleanupFund.

(d) Loans.—Loansmeeting the requirementsof subsection(b) maybemadeto the following categoriesof applicants:

(1) Local economicdevelopmentagencies.(2) Political subdivisionsor their instrumentalities.(3) Other personsdeterminedto be eligible by the Departmentof

Commerce.(e) Priority for financialassistance.—TheDepartmentof Commerceshall

take all of thefollowing factorsinto considerationwhendeterminingwhichapplicantsshall receivefinancial assistanceunderthis section:

(1) The benefit of the remedy to public health, safety and theenvironment.

(2) Thepermanenceof the remedy.(3) The cost effectivenessof the remedy in comparisonwith other

alternatives.(4) The financialconditionof the applicant.(5) The financialor economicdistressof theareain whichthecleanup

is beingconducted.(6) The potentialfor economicdevelopment.

The Departmentof Commerceshall consultwith the departmentwhendeterminingpriorities for funding under thissection.

(f) Termsandconditions.—TheDepartmentof Commerceshall havethepowerto set terms andconditionsapplicableto loansandgrants it deemsappropriate.The Department of Commercemay considersuchfactorsas itdeemsrelevant,including currentmarket interestratesandthe necessitytomaintainthemoneysin this fund in afinancially soundmanner.Loansmay


be madebasedupon the ability to repayfrom future revenueto be derivedfrom the cleanup,by a mortgageor other collateral,or on any other fiscalmatterswhich the Departmentof Commercedeemsappropriate.

(g) Funds.—In addition to any funds appropriatedby the GeneralAssembly,$15,000,000shall be transferredupon approvalof the Governorfrom theHazardousSitesCleanupFundestablishedby theactof October18,1988 (P.L.756,No.108),knownas theHazardousSitesCleanupAct, to theIndustrial SitesCleanupFundfor the purposeof implementingtheprogramestablishedin thissection.Moneysreceivedby the Departmentof Commerceasrepaymentof outstandingloansshallbedepositedin thefund.Any interestearnedby moneysin this fund shallremain in this fund.Moneysin the-fundareherebyappropriatedto the Departmentof Commercefor the purposeofimplementingthis section.

(h) Annualreport.—TheDepartmentof Commerceshallon October1 ofeachyearreport to theGeneralAssemblyon thegrants,loans,expendituresandcommitmentsmadefrom this fund. The annualreport shall includeanevaluation of the effectivenessof this fund in recycling industrial andcommercial sites. The evaluationshall include any recommendationsforadditional changesif necessaryto improvethe effectivenessof this fund inrecyclingsuchsites.Section 703. Fees.

(a) Amount.—Thedepartmentshall collect the following fees for thereviewof reportsrequiredto besubmittedto implementtheprovisions-of thisact:

(1) A personutilizing thebackgroundorStatewidehealthstandardsforenvironmentalremediationshallpayafeeof $250uponsubmissionof thereport certifying compliancewith thestandards.

(2) A person utilizing site-specific standards for environmentalremediation shall pay a fee of $250 each upon the submissionof aremedialinvestigation,riskassessmentandcleanupplanandanadditional$500 at the timeof submissionof the final report certifying compliancewith the standards.

(3) A personutilizing a combinationof background,Statewideandsite-specificstandardsshall pay the feesrequiredby paragraphs(1) and(2), as applicable.

(4) No feeshallbechargedfor correctiveactionsundertakenunder-theactof July 6, 1989 (P.L.169,No.32),knownastheStorageTankandSpillPreventionAct.(b) Deposit.—Feesimposedunder thissection shall be depositedin the

IndustrialLand RecyclingFundestablishedundersection701.

CHAPTER 9MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 901. Plain language.Remedial investigation,risk assessment,cleanupplans andotherreports

and noticesrequiredto besubmittedto implementthe provisionsof this act


shall contain a summaryor specialsection that includesaplain languagedescriptionof the informationincludedin thereport in order to enhancetheopportunity for public involvement and understandingof the remediationprocess.Section902. Permitsandotherrequirements.

(a) Generalrule.—A Stateor local permitor permitrevisionshall not berequiredfor remediationactivitiesundertakenentirely on the site if theyareundertakenpursuantto therequirementsof this act.

(b) Applicablerequirements.—Thedepartmentmaywaive in whole or inpart,inwriting, otherwiseapplicablerequirementswhereresponsiblepersonsdemonstratethatany of the following apply:

(1) Compliancewith a requirementat a sitewill result in greaterriskto humanhealth,safetyandwelfareandthe environmentthanalternativeoptions.

(2) Compliancewith arequirementatasitewill substantiallyinterferewith naturalor artificial structuresor features.

(3) Theproposedremedialactionwill attainastandardof performance~that is equivalent to that required under the otherwise applicablerequirementthroughthe useof an alternativemethod or approach.

(4) Compliancewith arequirementatasitewill notprovidefor acost-effective remedialaction.

Thedepartmentmay not waive theremediationstandardsestablishedundersections301, 302, 303 and 304.Section 903. Futureactions.

At any time,arequestmaybe madeto the departmentto changethelanduseof the site from nonresidentialto residential.The departmentshall onlyapprove the request upon a demonstrationthat the site meets all theapplicablecleanupstandardsfor residentialuseof theproperty.Any existingdeedacknowledgmentcontainedin the deed prior to the demonstratingcompliancewith theresidentialusestandardmaybe removed.Section904. Relationshipto FederalandStateprograms.

(a) Federal.—Theprovisions of this act shall not prevent theCommonwealth from enforcing specific numerical cleanup standards,monitoring or compliancerequirementsspecificallyrequiredto be enforcedby theFederalGovernmentasacondition to receiveprogramauthorization,delegation,primacy or Federalfunds.

(b) Statepriority list.—Any remediationundertakenon asiteincludedonthe Statepriority list establishedunder theactof October18, 1988 (P.L.756,No.108),known as theHazardousSitesCleanupAct, shall be performedincompliancewith the administrativerecordandother proceduralandpublicreview requirementsof the HazardousSitesCleanupAct.

(c) Storagetanks.—Theenvironmentalremediationstandardsestablishedunder thisact shall be usedin correctiveactionsundertakenpursuantto theactof July 6, 1989 (P.L.169,No.32),known as the StorageTank andSpillPreventionAct. However, the proceduresin the StorageTank and Spill


PreventionAct for reviewingandapprovingcorrectiveactionsshallbeusedin lieu of the proceduresandreviewsrequiredby this act.

(d) Agricultural chemical fadiities.—The environmental remediationstandardsand proceduresestablishedunder this act shall be used in anyremediationundertakenatan agriculturalchemicalfacility. The Departmentof Agriculture shall have the power and its duty shall be to promulgateregulationsproviding for the option of safely reusingsoil andgroundwatercontaminatedwith agriculturalchemicalsgeneratedasaresultof remediationactivities at agriculturalchemical facilities through the land applicationofthesematerialson agriculturallands.Suchregulationsshall providefor theappropriateapplication rates of such materials, either alone or in thecombination with other agriculturalchemicals,and1 prescribeappropriateoperationscontrolsand practices to protect the public health,safety andwelfareandtheenvironmentat the site of land application.

(e) Oil spill response.—Thisact shall not apply to the removal of adischargeundersection4201 of theOil Pollution Act of 1990 (Public Law101-380,104 Stat.484)or theact of June11, 1992(P.L.303,No.52),knownas the Oil Spill ResponderLiability Act.Section905. Enforcement.

(a) General.—Thedepartmentis authorizedto usetheenforcementandpenalty provisionsapplicableto the environmentalmedium or activity ofconcern,asappropriate,establishedundertheactof June22, 1937 (P.L.1987,No.394),knownasTheCleanStreamsLaw, theactof January8, 1960(1959P.L.2119, No.787),knownas the Air Pollution Control Act, the actof July7, 1980 (P.L,380,No.97), known as the Solid WasteManagementAct, theact of July 13, 1988 (P.L.525,No.93), referredto as the Infectious andChemotherapeuticWasteLaw, theactof October18, 1988(P.L.756,No.108),known as the HazardousSites CleanupAct, or the act of July 6, 1989(P.L. 169, No.32),known as the StorageTank andSpill PreventionAct, toenforcetheprovisionsof this act.

(b) No defenseto illegal activities.—Theprovisionsof this actdo notcreateadefenseagainsttheimpositionof criminalandcivil fmesor:penaltiesor administrativepenaltiesotherwiseauthorizedby law andimposedas theresultof the illegal disposalof wasteor for thepollution of the land, air orwatersof this Commonwealthon the identified site.

(c) Fraud.—Any person who willfully commits fraud demonstratingattainmentwith oneor morestandardsestablishedunderthisactshall,uponconviction,be subjectto an additionalpenaltyof $50,000for eachseparateoffenseor to imprisonmentfor aperiod of not morethan oneyearfor eachseparateoffense,or both. Eachday shall bea separateoffense.

(d) Criminal convictions.—If a person is convicted in a court ofcompetentjurisdiction of a violation of the criminal provisionsof an actidentified in section 106 in the degreeof misdemeanoror felony andthe

“and”omitted in enrolled bill.


violation arisesfrom unlawful conductwhichresultsin areleaseatasite, thecourtmay, in additionto anyfines, imprisonmentor otherpenaltiesImposedundertheappropriateact,orderthepersonto performremediationatthesiteconsistentwith theprovisionsandstandardsestablishedundersection302or303.Section906. Pastpenalties.

Personswho have no responsibility for contaminationon a site andparticipatein environmentalremediationactivitiesunderthis actshall notberesponsiblefor paying any fines or penalties levied againstany personresponsiblefor contaminationon the property.Section907. Evaluation.

Beginning threeyearsafter the effectivedateof this act andevery twoyears thereafter,the departmentshall conductandsubmit to the GeneralAssemblyan evaluationof theeffectivenessof this actin recycling existingindustrial and commercial sites. The evaluation shall include anyrecommendationsforadditional incentivesor changes,if needed,to improvethe effectivenessof this actin recyclingsuchsites.Section 908. Repeals.

(a) Absolute.—Section504(b)through(d) of theactof October18, 1988(P.L.756,No.108),known astheHazardousSitesCleanupAct, are-repealed.

(b) General.—Allotheractsandpartsof actsarerepealedinsofaras theyare inconsistentwith thisactandrelatedto environmentalremediation.Section 909. Effectivedate.

Thisactshall take effect in 60 days.

APPROVED—The19th dayof May, A.D. 1995.

THOMAS J. R~GE

4 Act 1995-2 LAWS OF PENNSYLVANIA No. 1995-2 Act 1995-2 LAWS OF PENNSYLVANIA SB 1 No. 1995-2 ... penalties otherwise authorized by law and imposed as aresult of illegal ... Remedial

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