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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM

FINAL REPORTDECEMBER 2004 – MARCH 2010

FEBRUARY 2010

This publication was produced by Development Alternatives, Inc. for the United States Agency

for International Development - Indonesia under Contract No. 497-M-00-05-00005-00

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Photo Credit: Nugroho Andwiwinarno/ESP Jakarta

After five and a half years of field activities and programming across the Indonesianarchipelago, the USAID-funded Environmental Services Program (ESP) culminated its close-down through a one-day workshop themed “ Melanjutkan Jejak Perubahan”, or “Continuingthe Footsteps of Change”, at Hotel Sultan, Jakarta on January 20, 2010. Multi-stakeholderswere the driving force behind the workshop, sharing experiences, lessons learned andcommitments to future collaborative work. Pictured here, multi-stakeholder representativesfrom various HPPs received Gandaria seedlings from ESP in appreciation for their dedicatedwork and to serve as a symbol of sustainability.

For more about this, please read the Cover Story on page x.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM

FINAL REPORTDECEMBER 2004 – MARCH 2010

Title: Environmental Services Program Final ReportDecember 2004 – March 2010.

Program, activity, or project number: Environmental Services Program,DAI Project Number: 5300201.

Strategic objective number: SO No. 2, Higher Quality Basic HumanServices Utilized (BHS).

Sponsoring USAID office andcontract number: USAID/Indonesia,

Contract number: 497-M-00-05-00005-00.

Contractor name: DAI.

Date of publication: February 2010.

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USAID's Environmental Services Program (ESP)promotes better health through

improved water resources management andexpanded access to clean water and sanitation services

The Environmental Services Program is implemented byDevelopment Alternatives, Inc.

In collaboration with:

The Urban InstituteHatch Mott MacDonald

Johns Hopkins Center for Communications ProgramsFIELD Indonesia John Snow, Inc.

Rare Center for Tropical Conservation

PERPAMSI/FORKAMISocial ImpactCO2OL-USA

Kleiman International Consultants, Inc.Evensen Dodge International

Mayflower Partners LLC

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACRONYMS ..............................................................................................................................IV

COVER STORY ..........................................................................................................................X

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ..................................................................................... 13

PENGANTAR DAN RINGKASAN ............................................................................................... 13

THE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM........................................................................................... 15 PROGRAM LAYANAN JASA LINGKUNGAN (ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM) .............................. 15 SUMMARY OF PROGRAM ACHIEVEMENTS............................................................................................. 25 RINGKASAN PENCAPAIAN PROGRAM............................................................................................................... 25

ESP REGIONAL UPDATES.................................................................................................... 48

ACEH FINAL REPORT...................................................................................................................................... 49 NORTH SUMATRA FINAL REPORT ............................................................................................................ 56 WEST SUMATRA FINAL REPORT................................................................................................................. 64 JAKARTA FINAL REPORT............................................................................................................................... 67 WEST JAVA FINAL REPORT........................................................................................................................... 75 CENTRAL JAVA FINAL REPORT................................................................................................................... 83 EAST JAVA FINAL REPORT............................................................................................................................. 90 PAPUA ADD-ON (APA) FINAL REPORT .................................................................................................... 97 EASTERN INDONESIA EXTENSION FINAL REPORT........................................................................... 103

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT & NATIONAL COMPONENTS ........................................ 114

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT......................................................................................................................... 115 PROGRAM OPERATIONS............................................................................................................................. 115 SMALL GRANTS............................................................................................................................................... 117 GENDER.............................................................................................................................................................119 MONITORING & EVALUATION................................................................................................................. 121 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION (WSM).................................. 125 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DELIVERY (SD) ........................................................................................134 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FINANCE (FN)......................................................................................... 144 STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION FOR BEHAVIOR CHANGE (STRAT COMM) ...........................156

PROJECT MONITORING & EVALUATION ...................................................................... 163

APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 175

APPENDIX A: SHORT-TERM TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE (THROUGH MARCH 2010) ...............176 APPENDIX B: REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................................183 APPENDIX C: SMALL GRANTS PROGRAM (THROUGH MARCH 2010)............................................... 190 APPENDIX D: SUMMARY OF ESP ACHIEVEMENTS BASED ON PMP............................................... 195

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ACRONYMS

The following is a list of acronyms commonly used in this report and on the project as awhole.

APBN Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara / National budgetADB Asian Development BankAF Agro-ForestryAFTA Yayasan Alumni Fakultas Pertanian Universitas AndalasAIT Asian Institute of TechnologyAmerta A local NGO in CianjurAMPL Air Minum dan Penyehatan Lingkungan / Drinking Water and

Environment HealthAPBD Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah/ State Budget

APHI Asosiasi Pengusaha Hutan IndonesiaApotik Hidup A ‘living pharmacy’ garden of medicinal plantsAPA Aceh-Papua Add-OnAPR Annual Progress ReportASPENTA The North Sumatra Tree Nursery AssociationATW Akademi Tirta Wiyata (Technical University, based in Magelang,

Central Java)AusAid Australia Agency for International DevelopmentBapedalda Badan Pengendali Dampak Lingkungan DaerahBaplan Badan Planologi Departemen Kehutanan / Plannology Office of

Ministry of ForestryBappeda Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah / Regional Board of

Development PlanningBappenas Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan National / National Board of

Development PlanningBEST Bina Ekonomi Sosial TerpaduBM BenchmarkingBHS Basic Human Services Office of USAIDBKKBN Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana NasionalBKSDA Balai Konservasi Sumberdaya AlamBORDA Bremen Overseas Research and Development AgencyBP DAS Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran SungaiBRI Bank Rakyat Indonesia / Bank of Indonesian People (local bank)

BPD Badan Perwakilan DesaBPKH Balai Pemantapan Kawasan HutanBTNGP Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Gede PangrangoCB Capacity BuildingCBO Community-Based OrganizationCBS Community-Based SanitationCB Watsan Community-Based Water and SanitationCBSWM Community-Based Solid Waste ManagementCDIE Center for Development Information and EvaluationCFCD Corporate Forum for Community DevelopmentCGH Clean, Green, and HygieneCI Conservation International

CKNet Collaborative Knowledge Network Indonesia (network of 10universities)

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CP Corporate PlanCRSP Collaborative Research Support ProgramsCOP Chief of PartyCSR Corporate Social Responsibility

CSS City-wide Sanitation StrategyCSS Customer Satisfaction SurveyCSSP City-wide Sanitation Strategic PlansCWPP Community Watersheds Partnerships ProgramDAI Development Alternatives, Inc.Danareksa An Indonesian Investment CorporationDAP Development of Assistance ProgramDAS Daerah Aliran Sungai / Watershed AreaDBE Decentralized Basic Education – a USAID ProgramDCA Development Credit AuthorityDCOP Deputy Chief of PartyDEWATS Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System

DEWATS-CBS Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System – Community-Based Sanitation

Dinas KLH Dinas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan HidupDinkes Dinas KesehatanDPRD Dewan Perwalikan Rakyat Daerah / Local ParliamentECO Asia Environmental Cooperation Asia – a regional USAID ProgramEIE Eastern Indonesia Expansion ProgramESP Environmental Services Program – a USAID ProgramFA Field Assistant/AssistanceFFI Flora and Fauna InternationalFGD Focus Group Discussion

FHI Family Health InternationalFKK Forum Kesehatan Kota (Medan-based City Health Forum)FKT Forum Konservasi TahuraFMPS Forum Masyarakat Pelestari Sungai / Community River

Conservation ForumFN Finance (One Component of ESP)Fokal Mesra Forum Kajian Air dan Lingkungan Hidup Menuju Selaras AlamForestra Forum Rehablitasi Sungai dan Hutan / River and Forest

Rehabilitation ForumFORMASI Forum Masyarakat Sibolangit / Sibolangit Community ForumForpela Forum Peduli AirFORKAMI Forum Komunikasi Kualitas Air Indonesia

Forum DAS MP Forum Daerah Aliran Sungai MultipihakFPKL Forum Peduli Krueng Lageun / Community Care for Krueng

LageunFS Field SchoolFSN Food Security and NutritionFSN-DAP Food Security and Nutrition - Development Assistance ProgramGETF Global Environment and Technology FoundationGinapala A local NGO name in CianjurGIRAB Gerakan Intensifikasi dan Rehabilitasi Alam Bumiaji / Bumiaji

Natural Intensification and Rehabilitation Movement)GIS Geographical Information SystemGIST Geographic Information System Team

GNKL-PBNU Gerakan Nasional Kehutanan Lingkungan PBNUGNRHL Gerakan Nasional Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan

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GOI Government of IndonesiaGTL Geologi dan Tata LingkunganGTZ Gesellschaft Technische ZusammenarbeidH&H/HH Health & Hygiene

Hh HouseholdHI Hygiene ImprovementHIPPAM Himpunan Penduduk Pemakai Air MinumHPP High Priority ProvinceHSP Health Services Program – a USAID ProgramHWWS Hand Washing with SoapIATPI Indonesian Society of Sanitary and Environmental EngineersICRAF International Center Research for Agro ForestryIKK Ibu Kota Kecamatan / Sub-district capital cityIPAL Instalasi Penyehatan Air Limbah / Waste Water Treatment SystemIPANJAR A community based fisherperson’s organization in Jaring Halus,

Langkat District

IPB Institut Pertanian BogorIPLT Instalasi Pengelohaan Lumpur Tinja / Sludge treatment plant

Management InstalationIPM Indek Pembangunan ManusiaIPPHTI Ikatan Petani Pengendalian Hama Terpadu IndonesiaIWF Indonesia Water FundIWK Indah Water KonsortiumISSDP Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program JAE Jaringan Arih Ersada / Local agreement network Jampedas Jaringan Masyarakat Peduli Daerah Aliran Sungai / Community

Cares about Watersheds

JAS Deli Deli River Action Network Jatim Jawa Timur / East Java JBIC Japanese Bank for International Cooperation JHU Johns Hopkins University JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JKPE Jaringan Kasih Petani Ekologis JSI John Snow InternationalK3A Kelompok Kerja Komunikasi AirKERINA Community network in Deli Serdang and Karo Districts working

on watershed management issuesKJPL Koalisi Jurnalis Peduli LingkunganKTT Kelompok Tani Tahura

LA Local AssistantLG Local GovernmentLGSP Local Government Support ProgramLKDPH Lembaga Kemitraan Desa Pengelola HutanLKMD Lembaga Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa (Tingkat Dusun)LMA Lembaga Masyarkat Adat (Association of Traditional

Communities)LMD Lembaga Masyarakat Desa (Tingkat Desa)LMDH Lembaga Masyarakat Desa HutanLTTA Long Term Technical Assistant/AssistanceMAPAS Masyarakat Peduli Alam Subang / Community Care for Subang

Nature

MCK Mandi Cuci, Kakus (Community sanitation and water facility)

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MDM Model DAS Micro / Micro Model for watershed areaMDK Model Desa Konservasi / Conservation Village Model

MFT Municipal Finance TeamM&E Monitoring and evaluation

MIS Management Information SystemMLD Mitra Lingkungan Dutaconsult (Local consultant Company, based

in Jakarta)MMC Multi Media CampaignMonev Monitoring and EvaluationMoU Memorandum of UnderstandingMPIS Municipal Planning Information SystemNPL Kredit bermasalah / Non-Performing LoanMSF Multi-Stakeholder ForumMusrenbang Musyawarah Rencana Pembangunan (Development Planning

Process)NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NRW Non-Revenue WaterNSIASP Northern Sumatra Irrigated Agriculture Sector ProjectNUS National University of SingapuraO&M Operation & MaintenanceOBA Output-Based AidOCSP Program Layanan Konservasi Orangutan / Orangutan

Conservation Services ProgramOIC Pusat Informasi Orangutan/Orangutan Information Center

OSM Office of Surface MiningPABM Pengelolaan Air Berbasis MasyarakatPAM Perusahaan Air Minum / Drinking Water Company

PALAPA An environmental NGO operating in Karo District, NorthSumatraPARAS An NGO in Langkat active in water supply and agro-forestryPBNU Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama/National Committee of

Nahdlatul Ulama (Islamic Organization)PDAM Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum / Local Water UtilityPEMDA Pemerintah Daerah / Local GovernmentPemko Pemerintah KotaPERDA Peraturan Daerah / Provincial Government RegulationPERDES Peraturan Desa / Village Government RegulationPERPAMSI Persatuan Perusahaan Air Minum Seluruh IndonesiaPerum Jasa Tirta Perusahaan Umum Jasa Tirta

Perum Perhutani Perusahaan Umum PerhutaniPES Payment for Environmental ServicesPFI Pewarta Foto IndonesiaPHBM Pengelolaan Hutan Berbasis MasyarakatPHKA Pengelolaan Hutan dan Konservasi AlamPKK Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteran KeluargaPLN Perusahaan Listrik NegaraPMP Performance Monitoring PlanPLH Pendidikan Lingkunan Hidup / Environmental EducationPLTA Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga AirPO Purchase OrderPOC Public Outreach and Communication

POCT Public Outreach and Communication TeamPOKJA Kelompok Kerja / Working Group

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POLINDES Poliklinik DesaPOSYANDU Pos Pelayanan TerpaduPoU of Water Point of Use of WaterPPAI Society for the Protection of Children

PPMA Pusat Pengembangan Masyarakat Agri Karya / Center forDevelopment of Agricultural Product

PPP Public Private PartnershipPPSJ Pusat Penyelamatan Satwa JogjaPSDA Dinas Pengelolaan Sumber Daya AirPSP Private Sector ParticipationPTAM Perusahaan Terbatas Air Manado / Water Company in ManadoPT DSA Perusahaan Terbatas Dream Sukses Airindo / Water Company in

AmbonPU Pekerjaan UmumPusdaKota Pusat Pemberdayaan Komunitas Perkotaan Universitas Surabaya /

Centre of Urban Community Empowerment, University of

SurabayaPuskesmas Pusat Kesehatan MasyarakatPUSTEKLIM Pusat Teknologi Limbah CairPWI Persatuan Wartawan IndonesiaPWM Pengurus Wilayah MuhammadiyahQPR Quarterly Progress ReportRaperdes Rancangan Peraturan DesaRA Regional Advisor of ESP TeamRCS Raptor Conservation SocietyRHLP Rehabilitasi Lahan dan Hutan PartisipatifRMI Rimbawan Muda Indonesia

RO Reverse Osmosis Water Purification SystemRLPS Rehabilitasi Lahan dan Perhutanan SosialRT Rukun TetanggaRW Rukun WargaSANTT Sanitation Technicl Team (under Bappenas / Ministry of Planning)SAP Sanitation Action PlanSCIAs Special Concern Imperative AreasSD Sekolah DasarSD Service Delivery- ESP componentSDT Service Delivery TeamSENADA Indonesian Competitivenes Program – a USAID ProgramSIA Special Concern and Imperative Areas

SIL Special Imperative LiaisonSLA Sustainable Livelihood AssesmentSME Small Medium EnterpriseSO USAID Strategic ObjectiveSODIS Solar DisinfectionSOP Standard Operating ProceduresSoW Scope of WorkSPGB Serikat Petani Gunung BiruSSSS Small Scale Sewerage SystemSSWP Small Scale Water ProviderSTBM Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat/Community-Based Total

Sanitation

STTA Short Term Technical AssistantSuaka Margasatwa Wildlife Sanctuary

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SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, ThreatSWS Safe Water System– a USAID ProgramTAHURA Taman Hutan Raya / Provincial Great Park protected area

designation

TBA To Be AssignedTBD To Be DeterminedTNBTS Taman Nasional Bromo-Tengger-Semeru / National ParkTNGGP Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango / Gede Pangrango

Mountain National ParkToT Training of TrainersTVRI Televisi Republik Indonesia / State-owned television networkUGM Universitas Gadjah MadaUNAND Universitas AndalasUNIBRAW Universitas BrawijayaUNMER Universitas MerdekaUSAID United States Agency for International Development

VF Village FacilitatorWASPOLA Water and Sanitation Policy and Action PlanningWATSAN Water & SanitationWBP Wadah Belajar Petani / Farmer Learning CenterWQ Water QualityWB World BankWBI World Bank InstituteWFI Water Fund IndonesiaWMD Water Maatschappij DrentheWSM Watershed ManagementWSP Water & Sanitation Program

WST Watershed TeamWSUIS Water Supply Utilities Information SystemWTP Water Treatment PlantWWD World Water DayWWMD World Water Monitoring DayYARL Yayasan Akar Rumput Laut / Grassroots Ocean Foundation

(North Sumatra)YBL Masta Yayasan Bina Lingkungan MastaYLL Yayasan Leuser Lestari / Foundation for the Preservation of

Leuser National ParkYPP Yayasan Pengembangan Pedesaan

IX

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COVER STORY

ESP CLOSING-OUT WORKSHOP:

A NEW JOURNEY BEGINSAfter five and half years of field activities and programs across the Indonesian archipelago, theUSAID-funded Environmental Services Program (ESP) culminated its close-down through a one-dayworkshop themed “Melanjutkan Jejak Perubahan”, or Continuing the Footsteps of Change, at HotelSultan, Jakarta on January 20, 2010.

The event was attended by ESP partners,including those from donor agencies, local

and national government bodies, NGOs,and local communities. ESP’s closestpartner agency, the Coordinating Ministryfor People’s Welfare (Menkokesra), wasrepresented by the Secretary to Minister,Indroyono Soesilo.

“It is a bittersweet moment for all of us,”expressed USAID Mission Director, WalterNorth, in his opening remarks. ESP hascome to an end, but its work has touchedthe lives of millions of people. “The numberof people suffering from water borndiseases [in ESP sites] has dropped by10.6%, from 18.3% in February 2007 to7.7% in June 2009. Fortunately, in the last 4-

5 years we have seen growing interest and support by all stakeholders to increase access to safewater for the people of Indonesia.”

ESP JAKARTA

Toegiran, community leader from North Sumateraexplaining his works with ESP to Secretary to CoordinatingMinister for People’s Welfare (Menkokesra), Indroyono

Soesilo.

“Bittersweet” seemed to be the preferred word for describing the workshop, cropping up in WalterNorth’s opening speech and in USAID Director of Basic Human Services Alfred Nakatsuma’s closingremarks. The workshop marked the end of an ambitious environmental program with impressiveresults. Over the program period, ESP spanned 6 High Priority Provinces, namely Aceh, North

Sumatra, East Java, Central Java/Yogyakarta, West Java and DKI Jakarta, in addition to the threeEastern Indonesia provinces of Manado, Ambon and Jayapura, Papua.

From the award-winning sub-district Wonokromo in Surabaya to inspiring community of NorthPetojo in Jakarta, millions of Rupiah were earned from sale of products and accessories made fromrecycled plastic and organic waste. Walk down the beach of Kuala Meurisi in Aceh Jaya, Aceh, andyou will see hundreds of pine trees as part of a reforestation program in 2007, which transformed adevastated beach area following the devastating 2004 tsunami.

Yet throughout the event, it was apparent that all these results were just the beginning of a new journey. During the event’s morning session, eight ESP partners including member of community,PDAM director, Aceh governor’s aide, entrepreneur and government officials, vowed to continue

the work of ESP into the future.

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XI

“There is no reason why we should stop working on what we have now, even when ESP nolonger assists us. We can see how our lives have improved with the CGH School and Kampongprograms, and we will do it ourselves from now on, be it reforestation or other awarenessactivities,” said Deny Setyorini from Batu, East Java, with confidence.

Representing the Aceh Green initiative,Yakob Ishadamy explained how donorprograms come and go in his province.“Many of them just give money or aidwithout working together with the peopleto figure out what they really need andwant. ESP staff listens and then gives usresources in the form of knowledge andskills. These two things enabled us tomove on after the tsunami, and evenbetter, to get what we couldn’t get

before.”

The morning session was followed bythree thematic workshops on watershedmanagement, services finance, andsanitation issues. Here, workshop

participants were presented with not only testimonies of ESP works by partners but also withways on how to leverage those excellent results.

ESP JAKARTA

Panel of speakers for the access to piped water thematicdiscussion are discussing ways to improve access to piped

water among low-income communities across Indonesia.

Central Jakarta Mayor Sylviana Murni, one of the speakers for the sanitation panel said that theability to engage urban communities in an environmental activity is what she valued most from

ESP.

“Take MCK++ for example,” saidSylviana. “It is a sanitation facility thatbrings a lot of benefits to surroundingcommunities. Without betterpreparation, both technical and social, itwill be useless. ESP knows this and thusstarts approaching the communities fromthe beginning. The result is asophisticated facility well-managed bylocal communities.”

At the Watershed Management thematicsession, local community leaderSolehudin reflected on his experiencewith ESP in Micro-WatershedManagement in Bogor, West Java, bysimply stating, “ESP is a bridge. It helpsme connect with what I need to improvemy environment and my life.”

The bridge has not disappeared. The links that strengthen the foundation still remain. Theclosing of ESP starts a new beginning of a long journey to improve health and environmental

conditions in Indonesia.

ESP WEST JAVA

Solehudin and friends are preparing seedlings for treeplanting activity in Bogor, West Java, as part of theircommitment to the Micro-WSM program.

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Map of Final Report

ESP Program Location

North SumatraWampu & Deli watersheds; Bukit

Barisan Grand Forest Park; G.Leuser National Park, Medan,

Binjai and Sibolgamunicipalities, Karo, Langkat

& Deli Serdang districts

Central Java / YogyakartaProgo watershed; G. Merapi, GMerbabu National Park, PotorHill Protected Forest; Yogyaka

Magelang & Surakartamunicipalities, Temanggung

Magelang and Sleman distric

Nangroe Aceh DarussalamKrueng Aceh Watershed;

Ulu Masen Protected Forest, JanthoeProtected Forest, Cut Meurah IntanGrand Forest Park; Lhok Sukon and

West Coast corridor; Banda Acehmunicipality, Aceh Jaya, Aceh Besar,

Aceh Barat & Pidie districts

West Java & JakartaCiliwung, Cilamaya, Ciasem, Cipunagara & Cimandiri

Cikapundung watersheds; G. Gede Pangrango, G.Halimun Salak & G. Ciremai National Park, G.

Burangrang – T. Parahu Protected Forest; Bandung,Bogor & Sukabumi municipalities, Bandung, Sukabumi,Bogor, Cianjur, Purwakarta, Bandung, Subang districts;

Province. of DKI Jakarta

West SumatraBatang Arau watershed, Dr. M.

Hatta Grand Fotrest Park;

Padang municipalities

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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM FINAL REPORTDECEMBER 2004 – MARCH 2010.

SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

AND SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

USAID's Environmental ServicesProgram (ESP) promotesbetter health through improved waterresources managementand expanded access to clean water

and sanitation services.

This document represents the finalcomprehensive summary report for theEnvironmental Services Program (ESP),covering program start-up in December 2004through to program closedown in March2010. The submission of this documents is inaccordance with the reporting requirementsstated in Article II, Section G, Reports, ofContract No. 497-M-00-05-00005-00 (underGSA MOBIS Contract No. GS-10F-0359M).

This combined final report is presented in fourmain sections. Section 1 provides anintroduction to ESP program objectives,approaches, and lessons learned. This isfollowed by a summary of all major programachievements and summaries from each HPPand technical component. Section 2 presents amore detailed description of each of ESP’sregular High Priority Provinces (HPPs), frommobilization to close-out. Each HPP will

introduce their program approach, definingprogram activities, significant comprehensiveaccomplishments and sustainable impacts.Section 3 describes comprehensiveachievements at the national level, includingtechnical components and overall programmanagement. Cross-references link Sections 2and 3 to highlight program integration andaddress how regionally-specific activities,particularly PDAM and Small Grantsachievements, are inextricably connected to

BAGIAN 1

PENGANTAR DAN

RINGKASAN

PENGANTAR

Environmental Services Program (ESP -Program Layanan Jasa Lingkungan)USAID mendorong tercapainyakesehatan yang lebih baik melaluiperbaikan pengelolaan sumber daya air

dan perluasan akses untuk memperolehlayanan sanitasi dan air bersih.

Dokumen ini merupakan laporan ringkasankomprehensif yang terakhir dari Program Layanan Jasa Lingkungan (ESP), yang mencakup masadimulainya program pada bulan Desember 2004sampai berakhirnya program pada bulan Maret2010. Penyampaian dokumen ini sesuai ketentuanPasal II, Bab G, Laporan, dalam Kontrak No. 497- M-00-05-00005-00 (di bawah Kontrak GSA MOBIS

No. GS-10F-0359M).

Laporan akhir gabungan ini disampaikan dalamempat bagian utama. Bagian 1 memberikanpengantar mengenai tujuan, pendekatan, danpembelajaran dari program ESP yang dilanjutkandengan ringkasan mengenai pencapaian programterpenting dan ringkasan dari setiap Provinsi Utama(High Priority Province - HPP) dan komponen teknis.Bagian 2 menyajikan gambaran yang lebihterperinci mengenai masing-masing Provinsi UtamaESP, mulai sejak mobilisasi sampai penutupan.

Masing-masing Provinsi Utama akanmemperkenalkan pendekatan programnya,kegiatan programnya yang paling berarti,pencapaiannya yang paling penting, dandampaknya yang berkelanjutan. Bagian 3menjelaskan pencapaian komprehensif di tingkatnasional, termasuk komponen teknis danpengelolaan program secara keseluruhan. Rujukansilang menghubungkan Bagian 2 dan 3 untukmenyoroti keterpaduan program dan menjawabbagaimana kegiatan yang dikhususkan bagi wilayahtertentu, terutama pencapaian Hibah Kecil danPDAM, terkait erat dengan dukungan bagi

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID 13

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komponen nasional. Bagian 4 mengkaji berbagaiindikator program kunci sesuai dengan RencanaPemantauan Kinerja (Performance Monitoring Plan -PMP) dari ESP. Empat lampiran dalam laporan ini

adalah daftar (a) Bantuan Teknis Jangka Pendek(sampai Maret 2010); (b) Laporan dan Publikasi(sampai Maret 2010); (c) Ringkasan ProgramHibah Kecil (sampai Maret 2010); dan (d)Ringkasan Pencapaian ESP Berdasarkan PMP.

national component support. Section 4reviews the status of key program indicatorsin accordance with the ESP PerformanceMonitoring Plan. Four appendices are attached

to the body of the report enumerating (a)Short-Term Technical Assistance (throughMarch 2010); (b) Reports and Publications(through March 2010); (c) Small GrantsProgram Summary (through March 2010); and(d) Summary of ESP Achievements Based onPMP. Selama berlangsungnya program, ESP telah

mencapai kemajuan penting dalam indikatorSasaran Strategis USAID/BHS, yaitu pengurangankasus diare pada anak berusia di bawah tiga tahun,dan juga indikator Sasaran Khusus Ekosistem Sehat, yaitu perbaikan pengelolaan sumber daya alam

melalui perancangan dan pelaksanaan kegiatanprogram terpadu yang terarah secara regional.Berbagai kegiatan tersebut memadukanperlindungan sumber daya air, penyediaan layananair bersih dan sanitasi, serta perbaikan kesehatandan kebersihan melalui cuci tangan pakai sabun.


Over the course of the program, ESP hasmade significant progress towardUSAID/BHS’s Strategic Objective indicator ofreduced prevalence of diarrhea for children

under three, as well as the HealthyEcosystems Special Objective indicator ofimproved natural resources managementthrough the design and implementation ofregionally-driven integrated program activities.These activities bring together water resourceprotection, clean water and sanitation servicedelivery, and improved health and hygienethrough hand washing with soap.

Melalui laporan ini, dapat dilihat bahwa ESPmenekankan pada penggalangan dukungan mitradan inisiatif lokal demi mendorong kelanjutan danpenerapan praktik terbaik dan pembelajaran

meskipun masa berlangsungnya program telah usai.Keberhasilan ESP secara langsung mencerminkankuatnya motivasi dan pengabdian semua pemangkukepentingan untuk bekerja sama membangun,melaksanakan, dan mengevaluasi berbagai solusimenang-menang yang berkelanjutan. Dalamkesempatan ini, tim ESP ingin mengucapkan terimakasih kepada berbagai pihak yang telahmemberikan sumbangsihnya – asisten lapanganlokal, staf regional ESP, penerima manfaat lokal,sektor swasta, organisasi berbasis masyarakat, mitraLSM, serta pemerintah lokal, regional, dan nasional

– sehingga dapat mengilhami pendekatan inovatifuntuk memperbaiki pengelolaan sumber daya danakses terhadap layanan air bersih.

Apparent throughout this report is ESP’s

emphasis on leveraging partner support andlocal initiative to promote the continuationand adaptation of best practices and lessonslearned beyond the life of the program. ESP’ssuccess is a direct reflection of the enduringmotivation and dedication from allstakeholders to work together to develop,implement, and evaluate sustainable win-winsolutions. The ESP team would like to takethis opportunity to thank the manycontributors—local field assistants, ESPregional staff, local beneficiaries, the private

sector, community-based organizations,partner NGOs, and local, regional, andnational government—who helped inspireinnovative approaches to improved resourcesmanagement and access to clean waterservices.

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SECTION 1.1.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL

SERVICES PROGRAM

The Environmental Services Program (ESP) isa sixty-four month program funded by theUnited States Agency for InternationalDevelopment (USAID) and implemented

under the leadership of DevelopmentAlternatives, Inc. (DAI). ESP works withgovernment, the private sector, NGOs,community groups, and other stakeholders toimprove the management of water resourcesand expand access to safe water bystrengthening watershed management anddelivery of key environmental services,including clean water supply, wastewatercollection and treatment, and solid wastemanagement.

ESP provides technical assistance and relatedservices to impact USAID’s StrategicObjective No. 2, Higher Quality BasicHuman Services Utilized (BHS). BHSfocuses on the interdependence of health andthe environment and their impact on healthoutcomes. To achieve this, USAID strives toincrease access and utilization of key healthand environmental services, particularly tousers currently underserved or not served atall.

Central to the program includes acoordinated, collaborative, and integratedapproach involving all of the programs of theBasic Human Services Office of USAID. Inorder to more effectively impact the successrate of BHS programs, strong efforts are madeto ensure as much synergy within the programas possible. The ESP project is committed toworking closely with and in parallel to otherrelevant USAID programs such as, but notlimited to, the Health Services Program (HSP);

the Community-Based Influenza Control

BAGIAN 1.1.

PROGRAM LAYANAN JASA

LINGKUNGAN(ENVIRONMENTALSERVICES PROGRAM)

Program Layanan Jasa Lingkungan (ESP) adalahprogram selama enam puluh empat bulan yangdidanai oleh United States Agency for InternasionalDevelopment (USAID) dan dilaksanakan di bawah

koordinasi Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI). ESPbekerja sama dengan pemerintah, sektor swasta,LSM, kelompok masyarakat dan para pemangkukepentingan lainnya untuk memperbaiki pengelolaansumber daya air dan memperluas distribusi air yangaman dengan cara perbaikan pengelolaan daerahaliran air sungai dan penyediaan jasa lingkunganpenting, termasuk pasokan air bersih, penampunganserta pengolahan air limbah dan pengelolaan limbahpadat.

Program ESP menyediakan bantuan teknis dan

pelayanan yang terkait guna memenuhi TujuanStrategis No. 2 USAID yakni Layanan

Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia dengan Kualitasyang Lebih Tinggi (Higher Quality Basic

Human Services Utilized - BHS). BHSmemusatkan perhatian pada interaksi salingbergantung antara lingkungan dan kesehatan sertadampaknya terhadap tingkat kesehatan masyarakat.Untuk mencapai hal ini, USAID akan meningkatkanakses dan pemanfaatan dari layanan-layanan pokokdalam bidang lingkungan dan kesehatan, khususnyabagi masyarakat yang kurang terlayani atau sama

sekali belum merasakan layanan tersebut.

Yang menjadi inti berbagai program tersebut adalahpendekatan terkoordinasi, kolaboratif dan terpadudengan melibatkan semua program dari Basic HumanServices Offices (Kantor Layanan Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia) USAID. Agar program-program BHS bisalebih berhasil dan berdampak efektif, telah dilakukanbanyak upaya untuk mencapai sinergi setinggimungkin antara program-program ini. Proyek ESPberkomitmen untuk bekerja sama erat secara paralel

dengan program USAID lainnya yang


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(CBAIC) project; the Safe Water Systems(SWS) or Aman Tirta program; and theOrangutan Conservation Support Program(OCSP) as well as partners from other donor-

funded projects including, but not limited to, theWorld Bank and Asia Development Bank(ADB).

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

In Indonesia, more than 100 million peoplelack access to clean water, and 61% of theurban population is not served by existingpiped water installations. Most of theunconnected are in low income and peri-urban areas where the incidence ofunemployment and social unrest is thegreatest. Intensified economic activity andindustrialization, increased populationpressures, mismanagement of public waterutilities, lack of environmental regulation andenforcement, and rapid degradation ofwatershed areas have led to mountingproblems in water supply, water quality, andstressed water distribution systems. Poorwatershed management practices haveresulted in significant changes in water

distribution patterns in Indonesia, as areaswhich once received reliable supplies of watersuffer from drought, severe erosion, landslidesand often uncontrolled flooding. Meanwhile,investment in affordable clean water andsanitation services is not at pace with the everincreasing demand.

To address this, USAID/Indonesia launchedEnvironmental Services Project (ESP) as amajor component of its Higher Quality BHSStrategic Objective. In accordance with

Section C of the Contract, ESP works withvarious partners and stakeholders tostrengthen watershed management and thekey environmental services through fourinterrelated project objectives:

1. Strengthen the capacity ofcommunities, governments, theprivate sector, local institutions, andNGOs to advocate for expandeddelivery of key environmental servicesthrough improved water resourcesand protected areas management;

terkait seperti, namun tidak terbatas pada, ProgramLayanan Jasa Kesehatan (Health Services Program -HSP); proyek Pengendalian Flu Burung Berbasis Masyarakat (Community-Based Avian Influenza

Control - CBAIC); program Aman Tirta (Safe WaterSystems - SWS); dan Program Bantuan KonservasiOrangutan (Orangutan Conservation SupportProgram - OCSP) serta berbagai mitra dari proyek yang didanai donor lainnya termasuk, namun tidakterbatas pada, Bank Dunia dan Bank Pembangunan Asia (ADB).

TUJUAN PROGRAM

Di Indonesia, lebih dari 100 juta orang masih

kesulitan mengakses air bersih dan 61% daripopulasi perkotaan tidak terlayani oleh instalasipipa air yang sudah ada. Sebagian besar darimereka yang tidak tersambung ke instalasi pipa airtersebut berada di kawasan berpenghasilan rendahdan pinggiran kota, tempat yang angkapengangguran dan gangguan sosialnya paling tinggi. Melonjaknya kegiatan ekonomi dan industrialisasi,meningkatnya tekanan populasi, mismanajemenPDAM, minimnya peraturan lingkungan danpenegakannya, serta merosotnya kondisi Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) dengan begitu cepat, telahmenyebabkan semakin parahnya persoalanpasokan air, kualitas air, dan beban terhadapsistem distribusi air. Buruknya praktik pengelolaanDAS telah menimbulkan perubahan signifikandalam pola distribusi air di Indonesia sehinggaberbagai kawasan yang dulunya memiliki pasokanair memadai, kini menderita kekeringan, erosi berat,tanah longsor, dan sering terkena banjir besar.Sementara itu, investasi untuk layanan air bersihdan sanitasi yang terjangkau kalah cepat dengankebutuhan yang terus bertambah.

Untuk mengatasinya, USAID/Indonesia meluncurkanProgram Layanan Jasa Lingkungan (ESP) sebagaikomponen pokok dalam Tujuan Strategisnya, yaituLayanan Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia denganKualitas yang Lebih Tinggi. Merujuk pada Bagian Cdalam kontrak, ESP membina kerja sama denganPemerintah Indonesia, sektor swasta, LSM,kelompok masyarakat dan para pemangkukepentingan lainnya untuk memperbaikipengelolaan daerah aliran sungai dan layananlingkungan pokok melalui empat tujuan yang saling

berhubungan:


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Expand opportunities for communities,NGOs, private sector and universitiesto participate more effectively in localmanagement of water resources and

delivery of key environmental services;2. Strengthen biodiversity conservation

through improving understanding andappreciation for the linkage betweenprotected and forested areas and thedelivery of key environmental services;and

3. Improve health and livelihoods ofIndonesians through improved andexpanded access to key environmentalservices (water, sanitation, solid waste)through the use of appropriate

technologies, innovative financing,environmentally sustainable bestpractices, and sustainable marketoriented activities.

PROGRAM SITES

ESP commenced operations from its Jakartaoffice starting in December 2004. Early in 2005,ESP opened regional offices and began technicalactivities in the HPPs of North Sumatra, WestSumatra and East Java. Field activities in West Java were initially managed from the Jakartaoffice, though an office in Bandung was openedin 2006. In 2006, ESP closed its West Sumatraoffice, and opened a new HPP office inYogyakarta, also serving Central Java.

Activities in these HPPs support activities in

three inter-related areas including (1) improvinghealth by increasing access to clean water andsanitation services; (2) improving watershedmanagement; and (3)increasing the productivityof water.

ESP also opened and managed offices in theSpecial Concern Imperative Areas (SCIAs) ofBalikpapan, Manado, Jayapura and Manadofrom 2005 through 2006, supporting limitedfield activities associated with improvedwatershed management and/or increasing theproductivity of water.


1. Memperkuat kapasitas masyarakat, pemerintah,sektor swasta, institusi lokal, dan LSM untukmendukung perluasan layanan pokok lingkunganmelalui peningkatan pengelolaan sumber daya air

dan kawasan yang dilindungi;2. Memperluas kesempatan bagi masyarakat, LSM,

sektor swasta dan universitas untuk berperan sertasecara lebih efektif dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air lokal dan pemenuhan layanan pokoklingkungan;

3. Memperkokoh pelestarian keanekaragamanhayati melalui peningkatan pemahaman danpenghargaan terhadap keterkaitan antarakawasan lindung dan kawasan hutan sertapemenuhan layanan pokok lingkungan; dan

4.

Meningkatkan kesehatan dan mata pencaharian

penduduk Indonesia melalui perbaikan sertaperluasan akses terhadap layanan pokoklingkungan (yakni air, penampungan danpengolahan air limbah, serta pengolahan limbahpadat) dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yangtepat, pendanaan yang inovatif, praktek-praktekterbaik yang berkelanjutan secara lingkungan dankegiatan berorientasi pasar yang berkelanjutan.

LOKASI PROGRAM

ESP mulai beroperasi dari kantornya di Jakarta padabulan Desember 2004. Pada awal 2005, ESP membukakantor regional dan memulai kegiatan teknis di beberapaProvinsi Utama (High Priority Provinces - HPP), yaitu diSumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, dan Jawa Timur.Kegiatan lapangan di Jawa Barat pada mulanya dikeloladari kantor di Jakarta, namun kemudian sebuah kantor diBandung dibuka tahun 2006. Pada tahun 2006, ESPmenutup kantornya di Sumatera Barat dan membukakantor Provinsi Utama baru di Yogyakarta yang jugamelayani Jawa Tengah.

Berbagai kegiatan di sejumlah Provinsi Utama tersebutmendukung tiga bidang yang saling berhubungan, yaitu(1) memperbaiki kesehatan dengan meningkatkan aksesterhadap air bersih dan layanan sanitasi; (2) memperbaikipengelolaan daerah aliran sungai; dan (3) meningkatkanproduktivitas air.

Dari tahun 2005 sampai 2006, ESP juga membuka danmengelola kantor di beberapa Wilayah Perhatian Khusus(Special Concern and Imperative Areas - SCIA), yaitu diBalikpapan, Jayapura, dan Manado untuk menunjangkegiatan lapangan terbatas yang berkaitan denganperbaikan pengelolaan DAS dan/atau peningkatanproduktivitas air.

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ESP also responded to needs beyond the initialwork sites. Following the Aceh earthquakeand tsunami, ESP began field activities in Acehin February 2005 and opened an office there

later in the year.

In late 2008, ESP received two contractmodifications that led to the establishment ofadditional offices in Jayapura, Manado andAmbon. The Aceh-Papua Add-On resulted inincreased technical support for livelihoodsdevelopment and investment for Aceh Greenin Aceh, as well as the development of a pro-Papua provincial Spatial Plan for Papuaprovince. The Eastern Indonesia Expansion,resulting from Dutch funding through USAID

for water and sanitation work in EasternIndonesia, led to new offices opened inAmbon, Manado and Jayapura.

PROGRAM APPROACH

This section looks at ESP’s managementapproach, including technical components andcross-cutting themes; evolution of matrixmanagement to balance technical excellencewith regionally-driven opportunities and

constraints; and important tools developedand utilized to achieve results.

ESP takes a ‘Ridge to Reef’ approach to waterresource management and clean water andsanitation services delivery. Upper watershedactivities include forest conservation, criticalland rehabilitation and water resourceprotection. Downstream activities prioritizeincreasing access to clean water and sanitationservices in urban and peri-urban areas. Linksare developed between upstream and

downstream communities through Paymentfor Environmental Services (PES), wheredownstream water resource users pay orreward upstream water resource providersfor safeguarding a sustainable supply of cleanwater. Additionally, both upstream anddownstream stakeholders participate in healthand hygiene activities aimed at improvinghealth by breaking the fecal-oral transmissioncycle.

ESP pun menanggapi kebutuhan di luar lokasi kerjaawal. Setelah terjadinya gempa bumi dan tsunami di Aceh, ESP memulai kegiatan lapangan di Aceh padabulan Februari 2005 dan membuka kantor di sana

beberapa bulan kemudian.

Pada akhir 2008, ESP mendapatkan dua modifikasikontrak yang menyebabkan dibuatnya kantortambahan di Jayapura, Manado, dan Ambon. Aceh-Papua Add-On menghasilkan peningkatan bantuanteknis untuk pengembangan mata pencaharian daninvestasi bagi Aceh Green di Aceh, sertapengembangan Rencana Tata Ruang Provinsi yangpro masyarakat Papua di Provinsi Papua. Sementaraitu, Eastern Indonesia Expansion, yang berasal daripendanaan Belanda melalui USAID untuk pekerjaan

air dan sanitasi di kawasan Indonesia Timur,menyebabkan didirikannya kantor baru di Ambon, Manado, dan Jayapura.

PENDEKATAN PROGRAM

Bagian ini menjabarkan pendekatan pengelolaanESP, termasuk komponen teknis dan tema yangsaling terkait; evolusi pengelolaan matriks untukmenyeimbangkan keunggulan teknis dengankesempatan dan kendala yang bersifat regional;

serta perangkat penting yang telah dikembangkandan digunakan untuk mencapai hasil.

ESP mengambil pendekatan 'Hulu ke Hilir' dalampengelolaan sumber daya air dan penyediaan airbersih serta jasa sanitasi. Berbagai kegiatan diwilayah hulu daerah aliran sungai mencakuppelestarian hutan, rehabilitasi lahan kritis, danperlindungan sumber daya air. Sedangkan kegiatandi wilayah hilir memprioritaskan peningkatan aksesterhadap air bersih dan jasa sanitasi di kawasanperkotaan dan pinggiran perkotaan. Hubungan

antara masyarakat hulu dan hilir dikembangkanmelalui Imbal Jasa Lingkungan (Payment forEnvironmental Services - PES), yaitu imbalan ataubayaran dari pemakai sumber daya air di wilayahhilir kepada penyedia sumber daya air di wilayahhulu yang telah melindungi pasokan air bersihsecara berkelanjutan. Selain itu, baik pemangkukepentingan di hulu maupun hilir juga ikut sertadalam kegiatan kesehatan dan kebersihan yangdiarahkan untuk memperbaiki kesehatan denganmemutus siklus penyebaran kuman.


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ESP manages its ‘Ridge to Reef’ approachthrough the following four specific technicalcomponents and a number of cross-cuttingthemes:

• Watershed Management andBiodiversity Conservation works onforest conservation, critical landrehabilitation and water resourceprotection. This is done through thefacilitation of multi-stakeholderwatershed management forums, and thedevelopment and implementation ofwatershed management plans.

• Environmental Services Delivery

supports increased access to cleanwater and sanitation services in urbanand peri-urban areas. This includesworking closely with municipal watercompanies (PDAMs) to improve andexpand services, as well as governmentagencies, NGOs and community groupsto expand sanitation services.

• Environmental Services Finance strives to stimulate investmentnecessary to increase access to clean

water and sanitation services, includingdevelopment of alternative financingmechanisms for infrastructuredevelopment as well as micro-credit forhousehold connections and facilitationof Payment for Environmental Servicesmodels.

• Strategic Communications worksto communicate ESP results andachievements, public outreachcommunications to work with journalist

networks to communicate ESPprinciples and approaches, and Healthand Hygiene communications to addresshealth issues at the community tohousehold levels.

• Cross-cutting themes supportingthese technical components include GIS (Geographic Information Systems), anextensive Small Grants program,Gender awareness and integration, andMonitoring and Evaluation.

ESP mengelola pendekatan 'Hulu ke Hilir' inimelalui empat komponen teknis yang spesifik dansejumlah tema yang saling terkait:

• Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai danPelestarian Keanekaragaman Hayati

(Watershed Management and BiodiversityConservation) menangani pelestarian hutan,rehabilitasi lahan kritis, dan perlindungan sumberdaya air. Hal ini dilakukan dengan memfasilitasiforum pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai yangberanggotakan berbagai pemangku kepentingan,serta pengembangan dan pelaksanaan rencanapengelolaan daerah aliran sungai.

• Penyediaan Jasa Lingkungan

(Environmental Services Delivery) mendukung peningkatan akses terhadap air bersihdan jasa sanitasi di kawasan perkotaan danpinggiran perkotaan. Langkah-langkah yangdilakukan termasuk bekerja sama erat denganPDAM untuk memperbaiki dan memperluaslayanan, dan juga dengan lembaga pemerintah,LSM, dan kelompok masyarakat untukmemperluas layanan sanitasi.

• Pembiayaan Jasa Lingkungan(Environmental Services Finance) berupaya

mendorong investasi yang diperlukan untukmeningkatkan akses terhadap air bersih dan jasasanitasi, termasuk dengan mengembangkanmekanisme pembiayaan alternatif bagipengembangan infrastruktur dan kredit mikro bagisambungan air rumah tangga, serta memfasilitasiberbagai model Imbal Jasa Lingkungan (PES).

• Komunikasi Strategis (StrategicCommunications) berupaya menyampaikanhasil dan pencapaian ESP, melakukanpenjangkauan publik kepada jaringan wartawan

untuk menyampaikan prinsip dan pendekatanESP, serta menyampaikan pesan Kesehatan danKebersihan untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatandari tingkat masyarakat sampai rumah tangga.

• Berbagai tema yang saling terkait yangmendukung komponen teknis tersebut mencakupGIS (Geographic Information Systems atau SistemInformasi Geografis), program Hibah Kecil dengan jangkauan yang cukup luas, kesadarandan integrasi Gender , serta Pemantauan danEvaluasi.


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PROGRAM EVOLUTION

During project implementation, ESP evolved a

matrix management approach from acentralized and technical component-driven toa regionally-driven and integrated approach.This evolution was marked by four distinctphases:

• During the first year of the program,ESP was driven by a centralized,technical component-based managementstyle. While this ensured that specificcomponent-based outcomes wereachieved, results were silo-ed and

compartmentalized, and did not clearlyaddress broader program objectives.This phase was important for developingtechnical tools and conceptualframeworks for ESP’s work.

• During the second year of theprogram, ESP decentralized managementto the regional level. HPP regional teamsdefined and led the work, with technicalsupport from central components. Thisenabled ESP to be more responsive to

local opportunities and constraints, butthe sense of silo-ing continued. ESP wasachieving component-based results, butstill was not clearly addressing thebigger picture.

• During the third year , ESP developedits regionally-driven, integratedapproach that brought the programtogether with a clear and commonvision and enabled ESP to achieve bothcomponent-based as well as program-

based goals and objectives. Themes likethe Blue Thread; Clean, Green, andHygiene (CGH); and Hardware followsSoftware provided integratedframeworks that encouraged ESP staffand partners from different technicalcomponents to work together onaddressing broader water-baseddevelopment challenges. While it tookabout a year to mainstream this into theprogram, this integration approachdefined ESP’s success through the life of

the program.

EVOLUSI PROGRAM

Selama pelaksanaan proyek, pendekatan

pengelolaan matriks di ESP telah berevolusi daripendekatan terpusat dan didorong oleh komponenteknis, menjadi pendekatan terpadu yangmementingkan kebutuhan wilayah. Evolusi iniditandai oleh empat tahap yang berbeda:

• Selama tahun pertama program, ESPdijalankan dengan gaya pengelolaan terpusatdan berbasis komponen teknis. Meskipun gayaini memastikan dicapainya hasil spesifik bagisetiap komponen, hasil tersebut terkotak-kotakdan tidak secara jelas menjawab tujuan program

yang lebih luas. Tahap ini penting bagipengembangan perangkat teknis dan kerangkakerja konseptual untuk pekerjaan ESP.

• Selama tahun kedua program, ESPmendesentralisasikan pengelolaan ke tingkatregional. Tim regional Provinsi Utamamenetapkan dan memimpin pekerjaan denganbantuan teknis dari komponen pusat. Hal inimemungkinkan ESP untuk lebih tanggapterhadap kesempatan dan kendala lokal, tetapimasih terasa adanya sekat-sekat. ESP mencapai

berbagai hasil berbasis komponen, tetapi masihbelum menjawab tujuan yang lebih luas.

• Selama tahun ketiga , ESP mengembangkanpendekatan terpadu yang mementingkankebutuhan wilayah, yang menyatukan berbagaiprogram melalui visi bersama yang jelas, sertamemungkinkan ESP untuk mencapai sasarandan tujuan, baik yang berbasis komponenmaupun yang berbasis program. Berbagai temaseperti Jalur Air (Blue Thread); Clean, Green, andHygiene (CGH); serta Hardware follows Software

memberikan kerangka kerja terpadu yangmendorong staf serta mitra ESP dari komponenteknis yang berbeda untuk bekerja samamenghadapi tantangan yang lebih luas dalam halpengembangan air. Meskipun dibutuhkan waktukira-kira setahun untuk mengarusutamakanpendekatan ini ke dalam program, tetapipendekatan terpadu inilah yang menjadi penentukeberhasilan ESP selama masa pelaksanaanprogram.


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• Finally, at the end of the fourthyear , ESP entered its expansion phase.This included expanding water andsanitation activities to the eastern

Indonesian cities of Ambon, Jayapuraand Manado, as well as technical supportfor sustainable development based onforest conservation in Aceh and Papuaprovinces.

PROGRAM TOOLS

ESP applied a range of tools and approaches inorder to achieve results. Some particularlyimportant tools include the following:

• GIS and Development Pathways provided a rapid yet analytical approachfor site selection as well as programmonitoring and evaluation at theprovincial to local level. Site selectioninvolved the analysis of a range ofvariables including water resources,forest cover, population pressure,incidence of water-borne disease andother factors. This enabled ESP to select

locations that adequately captured the‘Ridge to Reef’ approach, balancing theability to achieve impact in watershedmanagement as well as services deliveryresults.

• Field Schools and Field Days provided a conceptual approach fororganizing and mobilizing communitygroups to understand and take action inimproving water ecology as it effects onhealth and the environment. Based on

principles of adult non-formal education,Field Schools built capacity of communitygroups to effectively advocate forimproved services delivery. Field Daysbrought community groups together withlocal government agencies, municipalwater companies and the private sectorso community groups could leveragesupport necessary to achieve improvedservices delivery. While initially focusedon upper watershed communities, thisapproach was adapted to urban

communities as well.

• Akhirnya, di penghujung tahunkeempat , ESP memasuki tahap ekspansi.Hal ini mencakup perluasan kegiatan air dansanitasi ke kota-kota di Indonesia timur, yaitu

di Ambon, Jayapura, dan Manado, sertabantuan teknis untuk pembangunanberkelanjutan berbasis pelestarian hutan diProvinsi Aceh dan Papua.

PERANGKAT PROGRAM

ESP menerapkan sejumlah perangkat dan pendekatandemi mencapai hasil. Beberapa perangkat terpentingtermasuk:

• GIS dan Development Pathways yangmemungkinkan pendekatan cepat namun analitisbagi pemilihan lokasi, serta pemantauan danevaluasi program dari tingkat provinsi sampaitingkat lokal. Pemilihan lokasi mencakup analisisberbagai variabel termasuk sumber daya air, jangkauan hutan, tekanan populasi, tingkatkejadian penyakit bawaan air (water-bornedisease) dan faktor lainnya. Hal ini memungkinkanESP untuk memilih lokasi yang cukup sesuaidengan pendekatan 'Hulu ke Hilir' dan

menyeimbangkan kemampuan untukmenciptakan dampak dalam pengelolaan daerahaliran sungai serta memberikan hasil dalampenyampaian jasa lingkungan.

• Sekolah Lapangan dan Hari Lapangan memberikan pendekatan konseptual untukmengorganisir dan memobilisasi kelompokmasyarakat supaya dapat memahami danmengambil tindakan memperbaiki ekologi air yangberpengaruh terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan.Berdasarkan prinsip pendidikan non-formal bagi

orang dewasa, Sekolah Lapangan membangunkapasitas kelompok masyarakat untuk menjadipendukung yang efektif demi meningkatkanpenyampaian layanan. Hari Lapanganmempertemukan kelompok masyarakat denganlembaga pemerintah lokal, PDAM, dan sektorswasta supaya kelompok masyarakat dapatmenggalang dukungan yang dibutuhkan demimeningkatkan penyampaian layanan. Meskipunpendekatan ini mulanya dipusatkan padamasyarakat kawasan hulu daerah aliran sungai,pendekatan ini belakangan juga diadaptasi untuk

masyarakat perkotaan.


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• Micro-Credit for householdconnections to piped water has provento be an effective approach that enablespoorer households to pay for their

connections in installments rather than asa single payment upfront. This requiresbuilding a partnership between municipalwater companies and local banks. ESPpilot initiatives have stimulated rapidadoption in HPPs, and may extendnationally through the support of one ofIndonesia’s leading banks.

• Master Meters for piped water accessis another innovative approach thatenables poor communities to bring piped

water to their homes while the municipalwater company simply provides pipedwater to a single, metered access point.Community-based organizations (CBOs)enter into an agreement with themunicipal water company and pay for thewater delivered through the single meter.These CBOs then extend piped watersystems to local households.

PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY AND

LESSONS LEARNED Since its inception, ESP has appreciated itsrole of a five-year program that would comeand go. ESP strived to work as a trigger orfacilitator of Indonesian organizations, fromlocal communities to regional and nationalgovernment agencies, to be the leadimplementers of ESP work and to mainstreamthis into their own development agendas.Some specific approaches contributing tolong-term sustainability include the following:

Regionally-driven field-basedinitiatives drive national-level policy

reform. ESP started its work at the locallevel, developing a range of Indonesia-based field experience that could informnational-level policy. Most important,this approach built the capacity of field-based partners to become advocates forpolicy reform. ESP community and localgovernment partners becamespokespersons for policy reform, notESP staff. Besides building strong

• Kredit Mikro untuk sambungan air ledengrumah tangga telah terbukti sebagaipendekatan efektif yang memungkinkan rumahtangga miskin untuk membayar sambungan

mereka dalam bentuk angsuran alih-alihpembayaran tunggal di muka. Hal inimembutuhkan dibangunnya kemitraan antaraPDAM dan bank lokal. Inisiatif percontohan dariESP telah mendorong penerapan yang cepat disejumlah Provinsi Utama dan mungkin akandiperluas secara nasional melalui dukungansalah satu bank terkemuka di Indonesia.

• Meter Komunal untuk akses air ledengadalah pendekatan inovatif lainnya yangmemungkinkan masyarakat miskin untuk

mendapatkan air ledeng sampai ke rumah,sedangkan PDAM cukup menyalurkan airledeng sampai ke sebuah titik akses tunggalberpengukur. Organisasi Berbasis Masyarakat(Community-based organization - CBO)mengadakan perjanjian dengan PDAM danmembayar air yang dikirim melalui titik aksestunggal tersebut dan kemudian meneruskansistem air ledeng ke rumah tangga lokal.

KEBERLANJUTAN PROGRAM DANPEMBELAJARAN

Sejak awal, ESP telah menyadari perannya sebagaiprogram yang akan berakhir setelah lima tahun. ESPberupaya menjadi pemicu atau fasilitator berbagaiorganisasi di Indonesia, mulai dari masyarakat lokal,sampai ke lembaga pemerintah baik regional maupunnasional, supaya dapat memimpin pelaksanaanpekerjaan ESP dan mengarusutamakan pekerjaantersebut ke dalam agenda pengembangannya masing-masing. Beberapa pendekatan spesifik yang turutmemberikan sumbangsih bagi keberlanjutan jangkapanjang termasuk:

Inisiatif lapangan di tingkat wilayahmendorong reformasi kebijakan tingkat

nasional. ESP memulai pekerjaannya ditingkat lokal dengan membangun pengalamanlapangan di Indonesia yang selanjutnya dapatberperan dalam kebijakan tingkat nasional.Yang paling penting, pendekatan inimembangun kapasitas mitra di lapangan untukmenjadi pendukung bagi reformasi kebijakan

karena yang kelak akan menjadi juru bicara


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networks and impacting policy today,this leads to the likelihood of policyreform well into the future.

Leveraging for sustainability. Once

ESP developed effective models at thelocal level, ESP staff and partnersactively sought to leverage these resultsto expand and deepen impact. This ledto regular programming of local andnational government budgets forsustainability and ramping-up of ESPactivities, as well as governmentagencies, NGOs and the private sectorbuying-in to ESP tools and approachesand expanding their implementation into

new areas. Building a grassroots network of

leaders and service providers. ESPpartners, particularly at the community-level, demonstrated anentrepreneurialism and developed skillsand approaches that not onlycontributed to the betterment of theircommunity but could be adapted toother areas as well. ESP madesubstantial use of local partners astechnical resources, often sendingcommunity consultants to new areas orbringing study tours from one provinceto another. As a result, a grassrootsnetwork for innovative work isestablished and active.

Development and distribution of ESPtoolkits. During the final two years ofthe program, ESP staff and partnersworked together to create, fine-tune,publish and distribute a broad range oftoolkits based on ESP best practices,

lessons learned and field experience.Toolkits cover Water for the Poor,Integrated Watershed Management,Water Resource Monitoring, andParticipatory Monitoring and Evaluation.These toolkits have been distributed toESP government, NGO and communitypartners, and there is growing demandfrom other government agencies, NGOsand universities. ESP has made alltoolkits as well as all project documents

available on-line for long-term access.

bagi reformasi kebijakan adalah mitramasyarakat ESP dan mitra dari pemerintahlokal, bukan staf ESP. Selain membangun jaringan kuat dan berdampak terhadap

kebijakan saat ini, pendekatan ini pun akanmemungkinkan terjadinya reformasi kebijakandi masa yang datang.

Menggalang keberlanjutan. Begitu ESPberhasil mengembangkan model yang efektif ditingkat lokal, staf dan mitra ESP akan aktifmemanfaatkan hasil-hasil tersebut untukmemperluas dan memperkuat dampaknya.Langkah ini berhasil menarik pemerintah lokaldan nasional untuk membuat anggaran rutinbagi keberlanjutan dan perluasan kegiatan ESP,

serta mengajak lembaga pemerintah, LSM, dansektor swasta untuk memanfaatkan perangkatdan pendekatan ESP sehingga pelaksanaannyadapat diperluas ke wilayah baru.

Membangun jaringan pemimpin dan penyedia layanan dari masyarakat. Berbagai mitra ESP, terutama di tingkatmasyarakat, memperlihatkan keahlianwiraswasta dan pengembangan yang tidakhanya berguna bagi perbaikan masyarakat ditempat mereka, tetapi juga dapat diterapkandi tempat lain. ESP banyak memanfaatkanmitra lokal sebagai sumber daya teknis dansering mengirim konsultan dari satumasyarakat ke daerah baru atau mengadakanwidyawisata dari satu provinsi ke provinsi lain.Hasilnya adalah tumbuhnya sebuah jaringanmasyarakat yang kuat dan aktif untukmelakukan pekerjaan inovatif.

Pengembangan dan distribusi berbagai perangkat ESP. Selama dua tahun terakhirberlangsungnya program, staf dan mitra ESPbekerja sama untuk menciptakan,

menyempurnakan, menerbitkan, danmendistribusikan berbagai kumpulan perangkat(toolkit) yang didasarkan pada praktik terbaik,pembelajaran, dan pengalaman lapangan yangtelah dikumpulkan ESP. Kumpulan perangkatini mencakup Water for the Poor, PengelolaanDaerah Aliran Sungai Terpadu (IntegratedWatershed Management), PemantauanSumber Daya Air (Water Resource Monitoring),dan Pemantauan dan Evaluasi secaraPartisipatif (Participatory Monitoring and

Evaluation). Kumpulan perangkat (toolkit).


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ESP hand-over events. As ESP comes toan end, a series of hand-over events wereheld in all major work areas includingHPPs, Eastern Indonesia cities, and

Jakarta. These events focused onsustaining networks and impact triggeredby ESP, and partners at each event madethe concrete commitments to achievethis.

tersebut telah didistribusikan kepadaberbagai mitra ESP di pemerintahan, LSM,dan masyarakat. Selain itu, timbul pulapermintaan yang semakin banyak dari

lembaga pemerintah dan LSM yang lain,serta sejumlah universitas. ESP telahmenyediakan semua kumpulan perangkatdan dokumen proyeknya agar dapat diaksessecara daring (online) untuk jangka panjang.


ESP’s most important lesson learned is thatlong-term success and sustainability rests inthe hands of program partners. ESP’s messageof using water as an integrated theme thataddresses human and environmental healthissues resonates strongly from local

communities to central government agencies.As a facilitator, ESP has helped build anappreciation for safeguarding water ecology toimprove health. A confident network ofIndonesians from government and civil societywill enthusiastically sustain this into the future.

Acara serah terima ESP. Seiringberakhirnya ESP, berbagai acara serahterima diadakan di daerah pekerjaan utama,termasuk di Provinsi Utama, kota diIndonesia timur, dan di Jakarta. Acara-acaratersebut difokuskan pada keberlanjutan

jaringan dan mempertahankan dampak yangtelah dimulai ESP dengan disampaikannyakomitmen konkrit dari mitra dalam acaratersebut.

Pembelajaran terpenting dari pengalaman ESPadalah bahwa keberhasilan jangka panjang dankeberlanjutannya berada di tangan mitraprogram. Pesan ESP untuk memanfaatkan airsebagai tema terpadu guna menjawab masalahkesehatan manusia dan lingkungan ditanggapi

dengan sangat baik oleh masyarakat lokalmaupun lembaga pemerintahan pusat. Sebagaifasilitator, ESP telah membantu untukmembangun kesadaran bahwa pengamananekologi air dapat meningkatkan kesehatan.Adanya jaringan rakyat Indonesia daripemerintah dan masyarakat sipil yangberkeyakinan kuat akan dapat mempertahankankesadaran ini sampai masa depan.

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SECTION 1.2.


SUMMARY OF

PROGRAMACHIEVEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

In addition to summarizing comprehensiveProgram Achievements, this section alsosummarizes significant achievements over the

program from each High Priority Provinces aswell as the Eastern Indonesian cities ofAmbon, Jayapura and Manado. Notableachievements for National Initiatives andProgram Management are also summarizedbelow.

BAGIAN 1.2.

RINGKASAN

PENCAPAIANPROGRAM

PENGANTAR

Selain meringkas Pencapaian Program secaramenyeluruh, bagian ini juga meringkas pencapaianpenting dari setiap Provinsi Utama dan juga kota-

kota Ambon, Jayapura, dan Manado di Indonesiatimur. Pencapaian yang menonjol dari InisiatifNasional dan Pengelolaan Program jugadiringkaskan.

ESP Program Accomplishments

• 57 local policies related to land tenureand community access right developed

• 52,561.02 hectares of degraded land

rehabilitated • 214,468 hectares of high conservation

value forest under improved localmanagement

• 44 watershed management and 13 waterresources management plans developed,funded, and nder implementation by ESPpartners

• 477 new community groups practicingimproved NRM formed

• 24,665 beneficiaries of ESP’s coastalrehabilitation in Aceh

• 36,507 people trained in naturalresources and biodiversity conservationand 7,885 people trained through ESPField Schools

• 295,965 households (or 1,887,410 people) have increased access to clean water

• 83 community-based solid wastemanagement systems developed with atotal of 37,835 beneficiaries

• 69 Small-Scale Sanitation Systemsdeveloped with a total of 27,105beneficiaries

Pencapaian Program ESP

• 57 kebijakan lokal terkait hak guna tanah danhak akses masyarakat telah dikembangkan

• 52.561,02 hektar lahan kritis telah direhabilitasi

• 214.268 hektar hutan bernilai konservasi tinggitelah mendapat pengelolaan lokal yang lebih baik

• 44 rencana pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai dan13 rencana pengelolaan sumber daya air telahdikembangkan, dibiayai, dan sedangdilaksanakan oleh mitra ESP

• 477 kelompok masyarakat baru yangmempraktikkan pengelolaan sumber daya alamdengan lebih baik telah dibentuk

• 24.665 orang telah menerima manfaat darirehabilitasi wilayah pesisir Aceh oleh ESP

• 36.507 orang telah menerima pelatihanmengenai pelestarian sumber daya alam dankeanekaragaman hayati dan 7.885 orang telahmenerima pelatihan dari Sekolah Lapangan ESP

• 295.965 rumah tangga (atau 1.887.410 orang)telah memperoleh akses air bersih yang lebihbaik

• 83 sistem pengelolaan limbah padat berbasismasyarakat telah dikembangkan dengan jumlahpenerima manfaat 37.835 orang

• 69 sistem sanitasi skala kecil telah dikembangkandengan jumlah penerima manfaat 27.105 orang

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• 96,131 people trained in effective HandWashing with Soap

• 25 PDAMs demonstrated an improved

operating ratio• 9 PDAMs supported to develop plans to

access commercial financing

• Kabupaten Bogor bond issuancecompleted

• 22 Master Agreements signed by PDAMsand local banks, and 12,111 newhouseholds with access to clean water.ESP leveraged $1,211,100 for these newconnections

• $29,969,634.11 of resources leveraged toexpand impact of ESP work

• 1,826 households from conflictcommunities in or adjacent to forest areaof high conservation value in Ulu Masen,Aceh have improved livelihoodsopportunities

• 1,000 hectares of Hutan Seulawah Agam(protected area) in Krueng Acehwatershed has imroved conservationmanagement

• One final provincial Spatial Plan wasproduced and submitted to the provincialgovernment to promote people-baseddevelopment and sustainable NRM in

Papua• One final provincial regulation codifying

an investment code for biofuels and palmoil in Papua province was completed

• 80 collaborative programs implementedwith USAID partners

• 241 awareness campaigns implemented byESP and ESP partners

• 96.131 orang telah menerima pelatihanmengenai cara efektif Cuci Tangan PakaiSabun

• 25 PDAM telah menunjukkan perbaikanrasio operasi

• 9 PDAM telah dibantu untukmengembangkan rencana memperolehpembiayaan komersial

• Penerbitan obligasi Kabupaten Bogor telahdiselesaikan

• 22 Perjanjian Induk telah ditandatanganioleh PDAM dan bank lokal, dan 12.111rumah tangga baru telah mendapatkansambungan baru untuk air bersih ESP telahmengalokasikan dana 1.211.100 dolarAmerika untuk sambungan baru tersebut

• Sumber daya senilai 29.969.634,11 dolarAmerika telah dialokasikan untukmemperluas dampak hasil kerja ESP

• 1.826 rumah tangga di Ulu Masen, daerahbekas konflik yang berada di dalam ataudekat kawasan hutan bernilai konservasitinggi, telah berkesempatan memperbaikimata pencaharian mereka

• 1.000 hektar hutan lindung di SeulawahAgam yang merupakan daerah aliransungai Krueng Aceh telah ditingkatkanpengelolaan kelestariannya.

•

Satu Rencana Tata Ruang Provinsi finaltelah dibuat dan diserahkan kepadapemerintah provinsi untuk mendorongpengembangan berbasis rakyat danpengelolaan sumber daya alamberkelanjutan di Papua

• Satu peraturan provinsi final mengenaiaturan investasi bahan bakar nabati dan

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REGIONAL HIGHLIGHTSAceh

ESP began working in Aceh in March 2005, as

part of USAID’s response to the December26, 2004 tsunami. Working from thisfoundation, the ESP Aceh program unfolded inthree identifiable phases over the course ofthe project. Following Phase One-TsunamiResponse, Phase Two: ESP High PriorityProvince focused on the development of FieldSchools and sustainable coastal rehabilitationwork. Phase Three: Aceh Green began in January 2009 as part of the Aceh-Papua Add-on to support Governor Irwandi’s AcehGreen vision through policy development and

livelihoods development activities for primarilyex-combatants based on forest conservationand sustainable natural resourcesmanagement. Significant achievements overthe program in Aceh include:

• 18,807 hectares of forest area in theKrueng Aceh watershed has improvedconservation management through theefforts of seven multi-communityforums. 1000 hectares of that total is inHutan Seulawah Agam protected areaand is a result of ESP’s Aceh Greenwork, resulting in a forum to stop illegallogging.

• At least 2,000 people are now benefitingfrom 7 community-based solid wastemanagement systems developed in AcehBesar, Aceh Barat, Banda Aceh andAceh Jaya and at least 1,900 people arenow benefiting from 5 small-scalesanitation systems developed in AcehBesar, Aceh Barat and Aceh Jaya.

• Seven elementary schools in Aceh Besarand Aceh Jaya are implementing theClean Green and Hygiene (CGH)concept and 1,115 people have beentrained in effective hand washing withsoap.

• $14,504,456 was leveraged through 23public and private partnerships tosupport the expansion of ESP programsin Aceh. At least $25,543,586 was

invested in Aceh Green like activities by

SOROTAN WILAYAH Aceh

ESP mulai bekerja di Aceh pada bulan Maret 2005

sebagai bagian dari tanggapan USAID terhadapbencana tsunami tanggal 26 Desember 2004. ProgramESP di Aceh berjalan dalam tiga tahap selama masaberlangsungnya proyek. Selepas Tahap Satu untuk Menanggapi Tsunami, Tahap Dua: Provinsi Utama ESPdifokuskan pada pengembangan Sekolah Lapangandan pekerjaan rehabilitasi pantai yang berkelanjutan.Tahap Tiga: Aceh Green dimulai bulan Januari 2009sebagai bagian dari Aceh-Papua Add-on untukmendukung visi Aceh Green dari Gubernur Irwandimelalui kegiatan pengembangan kebijakan danpengembangan mata pencaharian, terutama bagi eks

kombatan, berdasarkan pelestarian hutan danpengelolaan sumber daya alam yang berkelanjutan.Pencapaian penting selama program berjalan di Acehantara lain:

• 18.807 hektar kawasan hutan di daerah aliransungai Krueng Aceh telah mengalami perbaikanpengelolaan kelestarian melalui upaya dari tujuhforum masyarakat. 1.000 hektar dari antara jumlah tersebut merupakan hutan lindungSeulawah Agam yang telah memiliki forumuntuk menghentikan pembalakan liar sebagaihasil dari pekerjaan ESP untuk Aceh Green.

• Setidaknya 2.000 orang saat ini memperolehmanfaat dari 7 sistem pengelolaan limbah padatberbasis masyarakat yang dikembangkan di Aceh Besar, Aceh Barat, Banda Aceh, dan Aceh Jaya, dan setidaknya 1.900 orang saat inimemperoleh manfaat dari 5 sistem sanitasiskala kecil yang dikembangkan di Aceh Besar, Aceh Barat, dan Aceh Jaya.

• Tujuh sekolah dasar di Aceh Besar dan Aceh

Jaya sedang menerapkan konsep Clean Greenand Hygiene (CGH), dan 1.115 orang telahmenerima pelatihan mengenai cara efektif CuciTangan Pakai Sabun.

• Pendanaan senilai 14.504.456 dolar Amerikatelah dialokasikan melalui 23 kemitraan publikswasta untuk menunjang perluasan programESP di Aceh. Setidaknya 25.543.586 dolar Amerika telah diinvestasikan oleh lembagapemerintah dalam berbagai kegiatan yangserupa dengan Aceh Green sebagai hasil dari

kegiatan ESP.


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government agencies as a result ESPactivities.

• 1,826 households in conflictcommunities adjacent to the Ulu Masenand Lueser ecosystems participated incocoa livelihoods training. As a result ofputting into practise what they learned,these farmers, saw their incomesincrease on average by US$ 1200.

North Sumatra

ESP North Sumatra’s Water for the Poorprogram stands out as a major projectachievement towards the increase ofhousehold water connections. The crux of

this program, and other replicable water andsanitation systems and community watershedmanagement initiatives rests in theindependent initiative from community-basedorganizations and forums. Community systemsin North Sumatra are managed by 29 separateCommunity-Based Organizations that are inthe process of broadening their activities tocover Health and Hygiene, sanitation, andother locally-specific concerns. CommunityWatershed Management fora are active in a

range of activities from biodiversityconservation to agro-forestry, to raw waterresource management to managing communityclean water systems. These communitysystems, CBOs, NGOs, City Government, theProvincial PDAM, as well as national levelsupport comprise the key ESP legacy in NorthSumatra. Significant achievements over theprogram in North Sumatra include:

• Piloted by ESP Small Grants, the Waterfor the Poor program took off to

become a system currently involving6,700 poor households and is geared toexpand in the next 3 years to cover17,000 households.

• ESP designed and co-financed an initial 4‘DEWATS’ sanitation systems, laterpicked up by Government to expand to12 systems covering a variety of settingsfrom urban slums to Islamic Pesantrento low-cost rental apartment blocksproviding sanitation access to over

5,000 citizens.

• 1.826 rumah tangga di daerah konflik dekatekosistem Ulu Masen dan Leuser telah ikutserta dalam pelatihan mata pencaharianbudidaya kakao. Dengan mempraktikkan

pelajaran yang telah mereka dapatkantersebut, para petani ini berhasil meningkatkanpenghasilan rata-rata sebesar 1.200 dolar Amerika.

Sumatera Utara

Program Water for the Poor dari ESP SumateraUtara sangat menonjol sebagai pencapaian proyek yang berarti dalam peningkatan sambungan airrumah tangga. Prakarsa mandiri dari forum danorganisasi berbasis masyarakat adalah hal

terpenting dalam program ini, dan juga dalamberbagai inisiatif lainnya untuk membuat sistem airdan sanitasi, serta untuk pengelolaan daerah aliransungai oleh masyarakat. Berbagai sistemmasyarakat di Sumatera Utara dikelola oleh 29Organisasi Berbasis Masyarakat yang kini sedangdalam proses untuk memperluas kegiatan merekaagar mencakup Kesehatan dan Kebersihan, sanitasi,dan sejumlah persoalan lokal lainnya. Forum Masyarakat untuk Pengelolaan Daerah AliranSungai saat ini aktif dalam serangkaian kegiatan,mulai dari pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati,

pertanian campur (agro-forestry), pengelolaansumber daya air baku, sampai pengelolaan sistemair bersih masyarakat. Berbagai sistem masyarakat,CBO, LSM, Pemerintahan Kota, PDAM provinsi, dan juga dukungan dari tingkat nasional, merupakanwarisan pokok ESP bagi Sumatera Utara.Pencapaian penting selama program berjalan diSumatera Utara antara lain:

• Program Water for the Poor yang digagasmelalui Hibah Kecil ESP telah berkembangpesat menjadi sistem yang kini mencakup6.700 rumah tangga miskin, dan disiapkanuntuk diperluas sampai mencakup 17.000rumah tangga dalam 3 tahun ke depan.

• ESP merancang dan ikut menanggungpembiayaan 4 sistem ‘DEWATS’ pertama yangkemudian diambil alih pemerintah untukdiperluas menjadi 12 sistem di berbagaitempat, dari pemukiman kumuh di perkotaansampai ke pesantren dan juga rumah susunsederhana, sehingga memberikan aksesterhadap sanitasi bagi lebih dari 5.000 orang.


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worked to build constituencies in support ofwatershed conservation, Health and Hygiene,and improved access to clean water andsanitation. Significant achievements over the

program in West Sumatra include:

• Establishment of the farmer-led multi-stakeholder Forum PEDAS LearningNetwork, covering10 villages acrossthree watersheds where the ESPwatershed management component heldSustainable Livelihoods Field Schools.

• ESP assisted the Padang MunicipalPDAM with a series of activities gearedtoward increased access to Water for

the Poor. Through training in GIStechnology, ESP assisted the PDAM inbetter targeting poor communities andmapping existing public tap systems forstudy and improvement.

• Originally 10 SL Field Schools were heldin 10 villages across 3 river watersheds.A further 4 follow-up Field Schoolswere implemented to developcommunity tree nurseries and tosupport production of organic rice and

vegetables.• A multi-sector working group on

sanitation was established under theCity Government’s BAPPEDA, andsubsequently the City Governmentworked with ESP and sub-contractorBORDA to build two DEWATSsanitation systems in Berok Nipah andPurus villages in the municipality.

• Under a grant for ‘women andenvironmental sanitation’ LP2M

succeeded in bringing healthy water andsanitation systems to over 100 familiesin 2 villages in the Batang Arauwatershed. Additionally, 15 communityorganizers were trained and thesevillage level educators conductedprograms for improved communityHealth & Hygiene.

dukungan bagi pelestarian daerah aliran sungai,Kesehatan dan Kebersihan, serta perbaikan aksesterhadap air bersih dan sanitasi. Pencapaian pentingselama program berjalan di Sumatera Barat antara

lain:

• Pendirian Forum Jaringan Belajar PEDAS yangmulti pemangku kepentingan dari kalanganpetani. Forum ini mencakup 10 desa di 3daerah aliran sungai tempat komponenWSM ESP mengadakan Sekolah Lapanganuntuk Mata Pencaharian Berkelanjutan.

• ESP membantu PDAM Kota Padang denganserangkaian kegiatan yang diarahkan untukmeningkatkan akses terhadap air bersih

(Water for the Poor). Melalui pelatihanteknologi GIS, ESP membantu PDAM agardapat menargetkan masyarakat miskindengan lebih baik dan memetakan sistemkeran umum untuk dipelajari danditingkatkan.

• 10 Sekolah Lapangan untuk MataPencaharian Berkelanjutan diadakan pertamakali di 10 desa yang berada di 3 daerahaliran sungai. Empat Sekolah Lapanganlanjutan diadakan untuk mengembangkan

pembibitan pohon masyarakat dan untukmengembangkan produksi beras dan sayuranorganik.

• Sebuah kelompok kerja multi sektor di bidangsanitasi telah dibentuk di bawah koordinasiBAPPEDA Pemerintah Kota. Selanjutnya,Pemerintah Kota bekerja sama dengan ESPdan BORDA sebagai subkontraktor untukmembangun dua sistem sanitasi DEWATS didesa Berok Nipah dan Purus.

• Melalui hibah bagi 'perempuan dan sanitasi

lingkungan' LP2M berhasil membuatkansistem air dan sanitasi yang sehat untuk lebihdari 100 keluarga di 2 desa di daerah aliransungai Batang Arau. Selain itu, 15 orangpenggerak masyarakat (communityorganizer) telah menerima pelatihan danpara pendidik tingkat desa ini mengadakanprogram untuk meningkatkan Kesehatan danKebersihan masyarakat.


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Jakarta

Four years after the program was firstlyinitiated in early 2006, ESP Jakarta hassuccessfully assisted and established 6

community-based and 6 school-basedsanitation systems. ESP Jakarta was also verysuccessful in building a strong foundation forsustainability and furthermore linking thecommunity initiatives with local NGO, such aswith Yayasan Perisai for the plastic wastedropping center and for establishment of aninter school communication forum thus linkingthe schools with a larger program, the DutaAir dan Sanitasi (Water and SanitationAmbassador) to further replicate the CGH

approach. Significant achievements over theprogram in Jakarta include:

• ESP established 4 community-basedsolid waste systems in Penjaringan RW13, Petojo Utara RW 08, Jembatan BesiRW 04, Tomang RW 11 and additionallyin Petogogan RW 03 that directl

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