PD Frame Size

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igital Contacts Will Keep an Eye on Your

Vital Signs

ByBrian X. Chen

09.10.09 8:00 PM

Forget about 20/20. Perfect vision could be redefined by gadgets that give you the eyes of a

cyborg.

The tech industry calls the digital enrichment of the physical world augmented reality. Such

technology is already appearing in smartphones and toys, and enthusiasts dream of a pair ofglasses we could don to enhance our everyday perception. But why stop there?

Scientists, eye surgeons, professors and students at the University of Washington have beendeveloping acontact lens containing one built-in LED, powered wirelessly with radio frequency

waves.

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Eventually, more advanced versions of the lens could be used to provide a wealth of information,

such as virtual captions scrolling beneath every person or object you see. Significantly, it couldalso be used to monitor your own vital signs, such as body temperature and blood glucose level.

Why a contact lens? The surface of the eye contains enough data about the body to perform

personal health monitoring, according to Babak Parviz, a University of Washington professor ofbionanotechnology, who is working on the project.

The eye is our little door into the body, Parviz told Wired.com.

With gadgets becoming increasingly mobile and powerful, the technology industry is seeing a

steady stream of applications devoted to health. A few examples include acellphone microscope

used to diagnose malaria,surgeons honing their skillswith the Nintendo Wiimote, and aniPhone

app made for diabetes patientsto track their glucose levels.

A contact lens with augmented-reality powers would take personal health monitoring several

steps further, Parviz said, because the surface of the eye can be used to measure much of the datayou would read from your blood tests, including cholesterol, sodium, potassium and glucose

levels.

And thats just the beginning. Because this sort of real-time health monitoring has been

impossible in the past, theres likely more about the human eye we havent yet discovered,

Parviz said. Beyond personal health monitoring, this finger-tip sized gadget could one day createa new interface for gaming, social networking and, well, interacting with reality in general.

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Parviz and his colleagues have been working on their multipurpose lens since 2004. Theyintegrated miniature antennas, control circuits, an LED and radio chips into the lens using

optoelectronic components they built from scratch. They hope these components will eventually

include hundreds of LEDs to display images in front of the eye. Think words, charts and evenphotographs. (The illustration above is a concept image showing what it would look like with the

lens displaying a digital overlay of the letter E.)

Sounds neat, doesnt it? But the group faces a number of challenges before achieving true

augmented eye vision.

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First and foremost, safety is a prime

concern with a device that comes in contact with the eye. To ensure the lens is safe to wear, the

group has been testing prototypes on live rabbits (pictured to the right), who have successfullyworn the lenses for 20 minutes at a time with no adverse effects. However, the lens must undergo

much more testing before gaining approval from the Food and Drug Administration.

A fundamental challenge this contact lens will face is the task of tracking the human eye, said

Blair MacIntyre, an associate professor and director of the augmented environments lab at

Georgia Tech College of Computing. MacIntyre is not involved in the contact lens product, buthe helped develop anaugmented-reality zombie shooter game.

These developments are obviously very far from being usable, but very exciting, MacIntyre

said. Using them for AR will be very hard. You need to know exactly where the user is lookingif you want to render graphics that line up with the world, especially when their eyes saccade

(jump around), which our eyes do at a very high rate.

Given that obstacle, were more likely to see wearable augmented-reality eyeware in the form of

glasses before a contact lens, MacIntyre said. With glasses, well only need to track where theglasses are and where the eyes are relative to them as opposed to where the eyes are actually

looking.

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And with a contact lens, it will be difficult to cram heavy computational power into such a small

device, even with todays state-of-the-art technologies, Parviz admits. There are many advancedsensors that would amplify the lens abilities, but the difficulty lies in integrating them, which iswhy Parviz and his colleagues have had to engineer their own components. And when the

contact lens evolves from personal health monitoring into more processor-intense augmented-

reality applications, its more likely it will have to draw its powers from a companion devicesuch as a smartphone, he said.

Layar, an Amsterdam-based startup focusing on augmented reality, shares University of

Washingtons vision of an augmented-reality contact lens. However, Raimo van der Klein, CEO

of Layar, said such a devices vision would be limited if it did not work with an open platformsupporting every type of data available via the web, such as mapping information, restaurant

reviews or even Twitter feeds. Hence, his company has taken a first step by releasing an

augmented-reality browserfor Google Android smartphones, for which software developers can

provide layers of data for various web services.

Van der Klein believes a consumer-oriented, multipurpose lens is just one example of whereaugmented-reality technology will take form in the near future. He said to expect theseapplications to move beyond augmenting vision and expand to other parts of the body.

Imagine audio cues through an earpiece or sneakers vibrating wherever your friends are, van

der Klein said. We need to keep an open eye for future possibilities, and I think a contact lens isjust part of it.

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Frame Size Guide

When selecting eyeglasses or sunglasses at FramesDirect.com, it's helpful to know what size frame will

fit you. You can find this information easily by looking at a pair of frames you may currently own, or by

visiting a local optical store.

In the event you already have a pair of frames that you would like to purchase again or even find a pair

of frames similar, you can quickly identify the designer name, model number, and frame size by simply

looking on the inside of your eyeglass temples (arm pieces). Below you'll find a quick guide to helping

you identify your eyeglasses.

Components of Frame SizeFace Shape Guide

Understanding Your Frame Size

Eye Size:Horizontal width in millimeters of one of

the frame's lenses.

Ranges from

40mm62mm

(~ 1"")

Bridge Size: Distance in millimeters between the twolenses.

Ranges from

14mm24mm

(~ "1")

Temple

Length:

Length of temple in millimeters from the

temple tip to the hinge.

Ranges from

120mm150mm

(~ 4"6")

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Determine Your Size

Fit Eyeglasses Sunglasses

Small

50mm and

below(~ 2" and

below)

55mm and

below(~ 2" and

below)

Medium51mm54mm

(~ 2"2")

56mm64mm

(~ 2"2")

Large

55mm and

above

(~ 2" and

above)

65mm and

above

(~ 2" and

above)

Already Wear Glasses?

Most prescription frames will have your exact measurements engraved on the temples (arm

pieces) or behind the nose bridge area.

On the sample eyeglass frames below, it reads 52 17-150, which translates to an eye size of 52,

bridge size of 17 and temple length of 150.

Note: Every frame has the same markings on the temples (arm pieces) or behind the bridge

(nose area) as shown here:

Model Name: Calvin Klein 3388

Color Name: Purple or color #80

Size:(Two numbers) Eye Size and Bridge

Size, for example: 48-19 or 52-20

Temple Length:(Arm pieces) Usually between 120

and 150

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Frame Size

SimplyEyeglasses.com one of the fastest growing Online Retailers...

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Size

Measurements For a FrameA frame has 4 basic frame sizes ( eye, bridge, temple, vertical ):

Eye Size - refers to the horizontal width in millimeters of one of the frame's lenses.

Bridge Size - measurement is the distance in millimeters between the two lenses. It ismeasured between the two closest points of the two lenses.

Temple Size - is measured along the length of the temple, from one end to the other,including the bend.

Vertical Size (B) - refers to the vertical height of an eyeglasses lens, and is measuredfrom the tip to the bottom of the lens aperture of the frame. The measurements are

taken from a horizontal line intersecting with the top of the lens, to the horizontal lineintersecting with the bottom edge of the lens. The B measurement is only important

when ordering multifocal lenses; follow this link to read more aboutprogressive lenses.

Reading Your Frame SizeMost name brand eyeglass/sunglass frames have some size information printed on the inside of

the frame, although the lettering can be worn away with use. To find all the lettering, you mustlook on the inside of both temples, and on the inside of the bridge. If the numbering has worn

off use the below size chart to take the measurements ( in millimeters ) yourself. All four sizes

( eye, bridge, temple, vertical ) are color coded to make the size chart easier to read.

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Find Your Current Frame SizeIf you already own a eyeglass or sunglass frame, look on theinside of each temple to find the size of the frame...look at the

image to the right. The Eye Size is always first then there a

dash or a square the bridge size some space then the temple

size. The vertical size is rarely on the frame.

Note: if the size is not on the temple look under the bridge.

Sunglass Size vs Eyeglass SizeIn most cases a person's eyeglass frame is smaller than their sunglass frame, however if the

styles of the frame are similar then the size might be similar. If the sunglass frame is a

wrapped frame ( has a curve to it ) then usually the frame will fit a more wide-range of people.

Best Way to Find What Frame Size I NeedIn most cases, if you're looking to purchase an eyeglass frame you should use the size from aprevious eyeglass frame you've owned. If you're looking to purchare a sunglass frame then you

should use the size from a previous sunglass frame you've owned.

The best thing to do is go to a local store try-on some frames until you either find a frame you

like then come back to our website to purchase that frame. If you find a frame you like make

sure you look on the inside of the temple to find the model number and the size since frames

do come in multiple sizes.

Total Width of a FrameTo know truly how big the frame is, meaning how will it look on your face you must determine

the total frame width. The total frame width includes the endpieces, and the endpieces arenever measured and specified. The endpiece refers to the width of the frame from the edge of

the lens out to the edge of the frame where the temples are connected to the frame front. In

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most cases an endpiece is 2-6 mm for a total of 4-12mm for both.

Measure Yourelf to Determine Your Frame SizeBelow are instructions on how to determine the best

frame size for your face.

Looking into your mirror, hold a ruler so it islined up with your temple. (See illustration forproper positioning)

You can put a pen or pencil in each ear to helpposition each ear.

Measure in inches the distance between yourleft and right temples.

Use the chart below to convert your measurement to a frame size. You must only order a frame in which its size is within +/- 3 of your size.

To convert your measurement from inches to millimeters (mm) please multiply by 25.4... 1

inch = 25.4mm.

To convert your measurement from centimeters (cm) to millimeters (mm) please multiply by

10...1cm = 10mm.

Already Have the Total WidthIf you have the total width of the frame the best thing to do is subtract 6mm ( total average for

both endpiece ). Find a frame that you like, take the eye size multiply by 2 then add the bridge

size and that's the total width. If the total of the frame is plus or minus 2 of your total, then the

frame might be a good size for you.

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Standards for sunglasses

There are three major sunglass standards, which are popularly known mostly as a reference for

sunglass protection from UV radiation; the standards do, however, also include furtherrequirements. A worldwideISOstandard does not yet exist, but by 2004, attempts to introduce

such standard have led to a respective ISO standards committee, subcommittee, technical

committee, and several working groups.[18]

Sunglasses sold in the United States are regulated by

the Food and Drug Administration and are required to conform to safety standards.

As of 2009, the EuropeanCE markindicates that the glasses actually offer a safe level of Sun protection

The Australian Standard is AS/NZS 1067:2003 Sunglasses and fashion spectacles. The fiveratings for transmittance (filter) under this standard are based on the amount of absorbed light, 0

to 4, with "0" providing some protection from UV radiation and sunglare, and "4" indicating a

high level of protection, but not to be worn when driving. Australia introduced the world's firstnational standards for sunglasses in 1971. They were subsequently updated and expanded,

leading in 1990 toAS 1067.1-1990 Sunglasses and fashion spectacles (incl. Part 1 Safety

Requirements and Part 2 Performance Requirements), which was superseded in part in 2003 by

AS/NZS 1067:2003 Sunglasses and fashion spectacles. The 2003 update made the Australianstandard relatively similar to the European standard. This step opened the European market to

Australian-made sunglasses, but the standard also maintained requirements considered specific

to Australia's climate.[19]

The European standard EN 1836:2005 has four transmittance ratings: "0" for insufficient UV

protection, "2" for sufficient UHV protection, "6" for good UHV protection and "7" for "full"

UHVV protection, meaning that no more than 5% of the 380 nm rays are transmitted. Productswhich fulfill the standard receive aCE mark. There is no rating for transmittance protection for

radiation of up to 400 nm ("UV400"), as required in other countries (incl. the United States) and

recommended by experts.[9]

The current standard EN 1836:2005 was preceded by the olderstandards EN 166:1995 (Personal eye protectionSpecifications), EN167: 1995 (Personal eye

protectionOptical test methods), and EN168: 1995 (Personal eye protectionNon-optical test

methods), which in 2002 were republished as a revised standard under the name of EN1836:1997 (which included two amendments). In addition to filtering, the standard also lists

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requirements for minimum robustness, labeling, materials (non-toxic for skin contact and not

combustible) and lack of protrusions (to avoid harm when wearing them).[18]

The U.S. standard isANSIZ80.3-2001, which includes three transmittance categories.

According to the ANSI Z80.3-2001 standard, the lens should have a UVB (280 to 315 nm)

transmittance of no more than one per cent and a UVA (315 to 380 nm) transmittance of no morethan 0.3 times the visual light transmittance. The ANSI Z87.1-2003 standard includes

requirements for basic impact and high impact protection. In the basic impact test, a 1 in(2.54 cm) steel ball is dropped on the lens from a height of 50 in (127 cm). In the high velocity

test, a 1/4 in (6.35 mm) steel ball is shot at the lens at 150 ft/s (45.72 m/s). To pass both tests, no

part of the lens may touch the eye.[20]

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Frame Measurements

The diagram below illustrates the fundamental elements and component parts which make up the

spectacle frame. In terms of the fitting of the spectacle frame, the bridge is perhaps the most

important part to consider when choosing your frames, because it is here that the major bearingsurface and area of contact between the front and the face is situated. The bridge design should

facilitate a comfortable and supportive fit which will maintain the position of the lenses overyour eyes with a natural gaze.

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The Bridge Width

The bridge width is the minimum horizontal distance between the nasal surfaces of the rims on aplastic or metal frame, or the minimum horizontal distance between the nasal surfaces of the

lenses in rimless frames. If a frame has adjustable nose pads on metal arms various modifications

can be made in order to achieve a satisfactory fit;

Increasing the distance between the pads may be appropriate in cases when:

The frame size is sitting too high on the face

The bifocal segments or distance section of a progressive (Varifocal) lens are too high

The bridge is too small a fitting for the nose

The distance from the eye to the lens is too great

Decreasing the distance between the pads may be appropriate in cases when:

The frame sits too low on the face

The bifocal segments or distance section of a progressive (Varifocal) lens are too low

The bridge is too low for the nose

The lenses are sitting too close to the eyes and lashes

The Lens Width

The lens width is the distance between the vertical sides of a rectangle containing the lens shape(in mm), the diagram above illustrates this. The sizes for the lens width and bridge width can

usually be found on your current glasses by looking on the inside of the frame (usually printed

on the arms or the bridge)

The Arm Length

The arm length is measured from the dowel point to the extreme end of the side, this is made upof the length to the bend and the length of the drop to give the overall length of side.

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When choosing a new spectacle frame check your current frame sizes by looking for the printed

measurements (usually found on the arm or bridge), for example:

52-16-13552 (mm) will represent the lens width

16 (mm) will represent the bridge width135 (mm) will represent the overall length of the arm

Overall Frame Width

Another measurement to consider would be the overall width of the frames, the diagram aboveillustrates this, it is important to note, aside from two times the lens width plus the bridge widththe overall width is also dictated by factors such as the thickness of the rims of the frames and

how swept out the lugs are from the frame. Our measurements give an approximate indication to

the overall width taking into consideration the lenses and bridge not the lugs of the frame, thismeasurement is approximate and will vary according to the type and design of the frames.

Search Glasses by Size

You can now search for that perfect fitting frame bySearching Glasses by Frame Dimensions.

The Perfect Frame for you!

The shape of your face is the most important factor when choosing frames. The followingdescriptions should help you decide which frame design is right for you.

Round FacesRectangular frames would be most suitable.

Oval FacesMost frames will suit this face shape. Size is the most important point when deciding on frames.

Triangular FacesRectangular frames would be most suitable.

Square FacesOval Shaped or Round Frames would be most suitable.

Rectangular FacesOval and Round frames would be most suitable with medium or larger size models.

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Frame Size Guide

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How to Choose a Frame that Fits

There are a number of ways to determine your frame size. Consider the options below:

1. Take the dimensions from an existing comfortable pair of glasses

The easiest way to select a suitable frame size is to take the dimensions from a comfortable pairof glasses that you already have. If you look at the inside of the arms on your current spectacles

you will see writing displaying the frame manufacturer (not always), frame model code, colour

code and 3 measurements. (See photo). The first two measurements will usually be separated bya rectanglebut not always. Alternatively, you might find these measurements are on the inside

of the bridge (especially on metal frames) or the inside of the right nose pad on plastics frames.

The side length can sometimes be stamped on the inside of the plastic end tips.

The first measurement is the Lens Diameter in millimetres and is measured across the lens fromthe bridge. In the photo this is 51mm.

1. The second measurement is the Bridge Width in millimetres. This is the area which sitsdirectly above your nose. Smaller measurements will suit narrower bridges whilst larger

measurements will suit broader bridges. On most metal frames the bridge width is less

important as it can be adjusted to suit nearly everyone. However, many plastic framescannot be adjusted. In the photo this is 18mm which is standard for most adults.

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The third measurement is the Arm Length or is sometimes referred to theside length or temple

size in millimetres. Arm length is the overall length of the side measured from the centre of the

dowel screw that secures the side to the front, to the end tip, with the drop end or hockey end

straightened out. When measuring a frame side it is not necessary to straighten the side to obtainthe correct measurement. Simply place the ruler on top of the side and walk' it around the outer

radius of the bend to the tip. Side lengths as a rule tend to increase in 5mm increments. There arethree arm lengths that can be regarded as standard for adults; 135mm, 140mm and 145mm. In the

photo, it is shown as 135mm.

Though not shown on your glasses, an important measurement is the Frame Width. This is thehorizontal distance between the centres of the two dowel screws that secure the sides. As a

general rule this can be calculated by taking the lens diameter x 2, add the bridge width and add

on 6mm to cover the hinge extensions for both end pieces. In the example above this will be asfollow: 51x2 +18+6=126. This works well for glasses but not for sunglasses as wrap lenses tend

to be larger and curved to reduce the overall dimensions. At eyekit.co we show all frame widths

on the eyewear product pages.

The Lens Diameter and its shape is a matter of choice, but the bridge width, arm length andframe width determine the fit.

2. Measuring an existing pair of sunglasses or glasses

The easiest way to work out your frame size is to take an existing pair that you are happy withand measure the frame width (the horizontal distance between the centres of the two dowel

screws that secure the sides) and arm length (from hinge to the tip). You can then compare them

to the ones on the website.

3. Measure yourself to determine your frame size

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The best way to do this is to look

into a mirror and hold a ruler so that it is lined up with your temple (See photo). Then measure in

millimetres the distance between your left and right temples. In the photo example, the framesize is 125mm.

Note that when selecting frames, one or two millimetres either way will not make any differenceparticularly with an adjustable bridge pad or when purchasing wrap sunglasses. In fact, mostwrap around sports sunglasses are very accommodating so you can select them based on whether

you have a small, medium or large head.

Are sizes different for Sunglasses and Glasses?

In most cases a person's eyeglass frame is smaller than their sunglass frame, however if the stylesof the frame are similar then the size might be similar.

Still not sure about your frame measurement?

If the measurement details on your existing frame have rubbed off or you are unsure about sizing

please feel free to contact us for advice. We will be happy to talk you through the measuring

process.

What frame will suit me?

If you are unsure about whether you will suit a particular design of frame, have a look at ourfeature onchoosing eyewear to suit your face shape

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All About Different Eyeglass Lens Materials

When you're buying a new pair ofeyeglasses, there are a number of choices you have to make.Some of them are fun: what the frames will look like, what color theyll be, what style youll get.

Some choices, however, require a little more understanding of what you're getting yourself into.Specifically, what do you want your eyeglasses made out of? There are five standard eyeglass

lens materials these days: polycarbonate, CR-39 (aka normal plastic), mid-index plastic (1.56),

high-index plastic (1.6, 1.67, 1.7), and glass.

Glass lenses used to be the norm in eyewear lens materialshence the name eyeglasses.

Glass, however, is outdated, and its safety and durability limitations make it a last-choice

nowadays. It is more prone to potentially-dangerous breakage, unlike polycarbonate and plastic.It is also more expensive than newer materials.

In a nutshell, the major difference between polycarbonate and plastic lenses is that polycarbonate

is more impact resistant and lightweight, while plastic is more scratch-resistant and offers more

options for tinting.

Polycarbonate lenses are extremely durableas proved by the fact that polycarbonate is also

the material used for bulletproof vests and space shuttle windows. Polycarbonate is the bestchoice in environments like construction, sports, or warehouses, where your glasses run a risk of

being broken. But even if you don't spend time in such an environment, polycarbonate lenses are

great for everyday use. Many have built-in UV protection and stop 99.9% of harmful rays from

the sun, fluorescent lights, and computer screens.

Polycarbonate lenses by themselves, however, are scratch prone, much more so than CR-39.

They are also a little more difficult to clean. Because of this, almost all manufacturers ofpolycarbonate automatically give it a scratch-resistant coating, eliminating scratching concerns.

Polycarbonate is the second-most widely-used lens material in the United States, after CR-39.

CR-39 (normal plastic) is the most widely-used lens material. If you're looking for a specific

color of tint to your prescription lenses, plastic is preferrable. CR-39 is more solvent-resistant

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and scratch-resistant than polycarbonate, which means that you can clean the lenses more easily.

On the other hand, CR-39 does weigh more than polycarbonate, and will feel slightly bulkier onyour face.

This is why mid-index (1.56) and high-index plastic (1.6, 1.67, 1.7) lenses exist. These lenses

allow for tinting while mitigating the bulkiness of CR-39. The higher the index number, thethinner (and generally more expensive) the lenses. Cost usually increases with the index.

High-index lenses have the added detriment of sometimes not being available for people with

high prescriptions, as an ultra-thin lens may not support a stronger prescription. Still, it is often

far more stylish and attractive to have super-thin glasses, and the super-thin plastic lenses can,like CR-39 and mid-index lenses, be tinted however you like.

Model Name:Calvin Klein 338

Color Name:"Purple" or color # 80

Size:(Two numbers) "Eye size" and "bridge

size", for example 48-19 or 52-20.

Temple Length:(Arm pieces) Usually between 120 and

150

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