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TodayisThursday,June11,2015
MALACAANGManila
PRESIDENTIALDECREENo.1083
ADECREETOORDAINANDPROMULGATEACODERECOGNIZINGTHESYSTEMOFFILIPINOMUSLIMLAWS,CODIFYINGMUSLIMPERSONALLAWS,ANDPROVIDINGFORITSADMINISTRATIONANDFOR
OTHERPURPOSES
WHEREAS,pursuanttothespiritoftheprovisionoftheConstitutionofthePhilippinesthat,inordertopromotetheadvancementandeffectiveparticipationoftheNationalCulturalCommunitiesinthebuildingoftheNewSociety,theState
shall consider their customs, traditions, beliefs and interests in
the formulation and implementation of itspolicies
WHEREAS, Islamic lawand itsprinciplesofequityand justice,
towhich
theFilipinoMuslimcommunitiesadhere,provideanessentialbasisfor
thefullerdevelopmentofsaidcommunities
inrelationtothesearchforharmoniousrelationsofallsegmentsoftheFilipinonationtoenhancenationalunity
WHEREAS, theenforcement,with the full sanctionof theState,of the
legalsystemof
theFilipinoMuslimsshallredoundtotheattainmentofamoreorderedlifeamongstthem
WHEREAS, it is the intense desire of the NewSociety to
strengthen all the ethnolinguistic communities in
thePhilippineswithinthecontextoftheirrespectivewaysoflifeinordertobringaboutacumulativeresultsatisfyingtherequirementsofnationalsolidarityandsocialjustice
NOW,THEREFORE, I, FERDINANDE.MARCOS,President of theRepublic of
thePhilippines, by virtue of
thepowersvestedinmebytheConstitutionofthePhilippines,doherebyordainandpromulgatethe"CodeofMuslimPersonalLawsofthePhilippines"aspartofthelawofthelandherebydecree:
BOOKONEGENERALPROVISIONS
TITLEITITLEANDPURPOSESOFCODE
Article1.Title.Thisdecreeshallbeknownasthe"CodeofMuslimPersonalLawsofthePhilippines."
Article 2.Purpose of Code. Pursuant to Section 11 of Article XV
of the Constitution of the Philippines,
whichprovidesthat"TheStateshallconsiderthecustoms,traditions,beliefsandinterestsofnationalculturalcommunitiesintheformulationandimplementationofstatepolicies,"thisCode:
(a)RecognizesthelegalsystemoftheMuslimsinthePhilippinesaspartofthelawofthelandandseekstomakeIslamicinstitutionsmoreeffective
(b)CodifiesMuslimpersonallawsand
(c)ProvidesforaneffectiveadministrationandenforcementofMuslimpersonallawsamongMuslims.
TITLEII.CONSTRUCTIONOFCODEANDDEFINITIONOFTERMS
Article3.Conflictofprovisions.
(1) Incaseofconflictbetweenanyprovisionof thisCodeand
lawsofgeneralapplication, the formershallprevail.
(2)ShouldtheconflictbebetweenanyprovisionofthisCodeandspeciallawsorlawsoflocalapplication,thelattershallbeliberallyconstruedinordertocarryouttheformer.
(3)TheprovisionsofthisCodeshallbeapplicableonlytoMuslimsandnothinghereinshallbeconstruedto
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operatetotheprejudiceofanonMuslim.
Article4.Constructionandinterpretation.
(1) In the construction and interpretation of this Code and
other Muslim laws, the court shall take
intoconsiderationtheprimarysourcesofMuslimlaw.
(2)Standard treatisesandworksonMuslim lawand
jurisprudenceshallbegivenpersuasiveweight in
theinterpretationofMuslimlaw.
Article5.ProofofMuslimlawand'ada.Muslimlawand'adanotembodiedinthisCodeshallbeproveninevidenceasafact.No'adawhichiscontrarytotheConstitutionofthePhilippines,thisCode,Muslimlaw,publicorder,publicpolicyorpublicinterestshallbegivenanylegaleffect.
Article6.ConflictinIslamicschoolsoflaw.
(1)Shouldtherebeanyconflictamongtheorthodox(Sunni)Muslimschoolsoflaw(Madhahib),thatwhichisin
consonance with the Constitution of the Philippines, this Code,
public order, public policy and
publicinterestshallbegiveneffect.
(2)TheMuslimschoolsoflawshall,forpurposesofthisCode,betheHanfi,theHanbali,theMalikiandtheShafi'i.
Article7.Definitionofterms.Unlessthecontextotherwiseprovides:
(a)"AgamaArbitrationCouncil"meansabodycomposedoftheChairmanandarepresentativeofeachofthepartiestoconstituteacounciltotakeallnecessarystepsforresolvingconflictsbetweenthem.
(b)"Ada"meanscustomarylaw.
(c)"GeneralRegister"meanstheGeneralRegisterofmarriages,divorces,revocationofdivorces,conversionandsuchotherdeedsorinstrumentskeptbytheRegistrarunderthisCode.
(d)"Ihram"signifiesthestateofritualconsecrationofapersonwhileonpilgrimagetoMecca.
(e)"Madhhab"(plural,Madhahib)meansanyofthefourorthodox(Sunni)schoolsofMuslimlaw.
(f)"Month"meansaperiodofthirtydays.
(g) "Muslim" is a person who testifies to the oneness of God and
the Prophethood of Muhammad andprofessesIslam.
(h)"MuslimLaw"(Shari'a)referstoalltheordinancesandregulationsgoverningMuslimsasfoundprincipallyintheQur'anandtheHadith.
(i)"MuslimPersonalLaw"includesalllawsrelatingtopersonalstatus,marriageanddivorce,matrimonialandfamilyrelations,successionandinheritance,andpropertyrelationsbetweenspousesasprovidedforinthisCode.
BOOKTWOPERSONSANDFAMILYRELATIONS
TITLEICIVILPERSONALITY(SHAKHSIYAHMADANIYA)
Article8.Legalcapacity.Juridicalcapacity,which is the fitness
tobe thesubjectof legal relations, is inherent
ineverynaturalpersonandislostonlythroughdeath.Capacitytoact,whichisthepowertodoactswithlegaleffect,isacquiredandmaybelost.
Article9.Restrictionsoncapacity.Thefollowingcircumstances,amongothers,modifyorlimitcapacitytoact:age,insanity,imbecility,thestateofbeingdeafmute,theconditionofdeathillness(maradulmaut),penalty,prodigality,absence,
family relations, alienage, insolvency, and trusteeship. The
consequences of these circumstances
aregovernedbythisCodeandotherIslamiclawsand,inasuppletorymanner,byotherlaws.
Article10.Personality,howacquired.Birthdeterminespersonalitybuttheconceivedchildshallbeconsideredbornfor
all purposes that are favorable to it, provided it be born alive,
however, briefly, at the time it is
completelydeliveredfromthemother'swomb.
Article11.Extinctionofpersonality.
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(1) Civil personality is extinguished by death. The effect of
death upon the rights and obligations of
adeceasedpersonisdeterminedbythisCode,bycontract,andbywill.
(2)Afteranabsenceof sevenyears, it beingunknownwhetherornot
theabsenteestill lives,heshall bepresumeddead.
Article12.Simultaneousdeath.If,asbetweentwoormorepersonswhoarecalledtosucceedeachother,thereisadoubtastowhichofthemdiedfirst,whoeverallegesthedeathofonepriortotheothershallprovethesameintheabsenceofsuchproof,
it ispresumed that theydiedat thesame timeand thereshallbeno
transmissionofrightsfromonetotheother.However,thesuccessionalrightsoftheirrespectiveheirsshallnotbeaffected.
TITLEIIMARRIAGEANDDIVORCE
ChapterOneAPPLICABILITYCLAUSE
Article13.Application.
(1) The provisions of this Title shall apply to marriage and
divorce wherein both parties are Muslims,
orwhereinonlythemalepartyisaMuslimandthemarriageissolemnizedinaccordancewithMuslimlaworthisCodeinanypartofthePhilippines.
(2)IncaseofmarriagebetweenaMuslimandanonMuslim,solemnizednotinaccordancewithMuslimlaworthisCode,theCivilCodeofthePhilippinesshallapply.
(3)Subjecttotheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphs,theessentialrequisitesandlegalimpedimentstomarriage,
divorce, paternity and filiation, guardianship and custody of
minors, support and
maintenance,claimsforcustomarydower(mahr),betrothal,breachofcontracttomarry,solemnizationandregistrationofmarriageanddivorce,rightsandobligationsbetweenhusbandandwifeparentalauthority,andtheproperlyrelationsbetweenhusbandandwifeshallbegovernedbythisCodeandotherapplicableMuslimlaws.
ChapterTwo
MARRIAGE(NIKAH)
Section1.RequisitesofMarriage
Article 14.Nature. Marriage is not only a civil contract but a
social institution. Its nature, consequences andincidents are
governed by this Code and the Shari'a and not subject to
stipulation, except that the
marriagesettlementsmaytoacertainextentfixthepropertyrelationsofthespouses.
Article15.Essentialrequisites.Nomarriagecontractshallbeperfectedunlessthefollowingessentialrequisitesarecompiledwith:
(a)Legalcapacityofthecontractingparties
(b)Mutualconsentofthepartiesfreelygiven
(c)Offer (ijab) andacceptance (qabul) dulywitnessedbyat least
two competent personsafter
theproperguardianinmarriage(wali)hasgivenhisconsentand
(d)Stipulationofcustomarydower(mahr)dulywitnessedbytwocompetentpersons.
Article16.Capacitytocontractmarriage.
(1)AnyMuslimmaleat least fifteenyearsofageandanyMuslimfemaleof
theageofpubertyorupwardsandnotsufferingfromanyimpedimentundertheprovisionsofthisCodemaycontractmarriage.Afemaleispresumedtohaveattainedpubertyuponreachingtheageoffifteen.
(2)However, theShari'aDistrictCourtmay, uponpetition of a
properwali, order the solemnization of
themarriageofafemalewhothoughlessthanfifteenbutnotbelowtwelveyearsofage,hasattainedpuberty.
(3)Marriagethroughawalibyaminorbelowtheprescribedagesshallberegardedasbetrothalandmaybeannulled
upon the petition of either partywithin four years after attaining
the age of puberty, provided
novoluntarycohabitationhastakenplaceandthewaliwhocontractedthemarriagewasotherthanthefatherorpaternalgrandfather.
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Article17.Marriageceremony.Noparticular formofmarriageceremony
isrequiredbut the ijabandthegabul inmarriage shall be declared
publicly in the presence of the person solemnizing themarriage and
two competentwitnesses. This declaration shall be set forth in an
instrument in triplicate, signed ormarked by the
contractingpartiesandsaidwitnesses,andattestedby
thepersonsolemnizingthemarriage.Onecopyshallbegivento
thecontractingpartiesandanothersenttotheCircuitRegistrarbythesolemnizingofficerwhoshallkeepthethird.
Article18.Authoritytosolemnizemarriage.Marriagemaybesolemnized:
(a)Bytheproperwaliofthewomantobewedded
(b) Upon authority of the proper wali, by any person who is
competent under Muslim law to solemnizemarriageor
(c)BythejudgeoftheShari'aDistrictCourtofShari'aCircuitCourtoranypersondesignatedbythejudge,shouldtheproperwalirefusewithoutjustifiablereason,toauthorizethesolemnization.
Article19.Placeofsolemnization.Marriageshallbesolemnizedpubliclyinanymosque,officeoftheShari'ajudge,officeof
theDistrictorCircuitRegistrar, residenceof
thebrideorherwali,oratanyothersuitableplaceagreeduponbytheparties.
Article20.Specificationofdower.Theamountorvalueofdowermaybe
fixedby thecontractingparties
(marhmusamma)before,during,orafterthecelebrationofthemarriage.Iftheamountorthevaluethereofhasnotbeensofixed,aproperdower(mahrmithl)shall,uponpetitionofthewife,bedeterminedbythecourtaccordingtothesocialstandingoftheparties.
Article 21.Payment of dower. Subject to the stipulation of the
parties, the dowermay be fully or partially
paidbefore,during,orafterthemarriage.Thepropertyorestateofthehusbandshallbeliablefortheunpaiddower,oranypartthereof.
Article 22.Breach of contract. Any person who has entered into a
contract to marry but subsequently refuseswithout reasonable ground
to marry the other party who is willing to perform the same shall
pay the latter
theexpensesincurredforthepreparationofthemarriageandsuchdamagesasmaybegrantedbythecourt.
Section2.ProhibitedMarriages
Article23.Basesofprohibition.Nomarriagemaybecontractedbypartieswithintheprohibiteddegrees:
(a)Ofconsanguinity
(b)Ofaffinityand
(c)Offosterage.
Article24.Prohibitionbyconsanguinity(tahrimjbinnasab).Nomarriageshallbecontractedbetween:
(a)Ascendantsanddescendantsofanydegree
(b)Brothersandsisters,whethergermane,consanguineoruterineand
(c)Brothersorsistersandtheirdescendantswithinthethirdcivildegree.
Article25.Prohibitionbyaffinity(tahrimbillmusahara).(1)Nomarriageshallbecontractedbetween:
(a)Anyofthespousesandtheirrespectiveaffinalrelativesintheascendinglineandinthecollaterallinewithinthethirddegree
(b)Stepfatherandstepdaughterwhen themarriagebetween the
formerand themotherof the latterhasbeenconsummated
(c)Stepmother and stepsonwhen themarriagebetween the former and
the father of the latter hasbeenconsummatedand
(d)Stepsonorstepdaughterandthewidow,widowerordivorceeoftheirrespectiveascendants.
(2) The prohibition under this article applies even after the
dissolution of themarriage creating the affinalrelationship.
Article26.Prohibitionduetofosterage(tahrimbirrada'a).
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(1)Nopersonmayvalidlycontractmarriagewithanywomanwhobreastfedhimforatleastfivetimeswithintwoyearsafterhisbirth.
(2) The prohibition on marriage by reason of consanguinity shall
likewise apply to persons related
byfosteragewithinthesamedegrees,subjecttoexceptionrecognizedbyMuslimlaw.
Section3.SubsequentMarriages
Article27.Byahusband.NotwithstandingtheruleofIslamiclawpermittingaMuslimtohavemorethanonewifebutonewifeunlesshecandealwiththemwithequalcompanionshipandjusttreatmentasenjoinedbyIslamiclawandonlyinexceptionalcases.
Article28.Bywidow.Nowidow shall contract a
subsequentmarriageunless shehas observedan 'iddaof
fourmonthsandtendayscountedfromthedateofthedeathofherhusband.Ifatthattimethewidowispregnant,shemay
remarry within a reasonable time after delivery. In such case, she
shall produce the corresponding deathcertificate.
Article29.Bydivorcee.
(1) No woman shall contract a subsequent marriage unless she has
observed an 'idda of three monthlycoursescounted from
thedateofdivorce.However, if she ispregnantat the timeof
thedivorce,shemayremarryonlyafterdelivery.
(2)Shoulda repudiatedwomanandherhusbandreconcileduringher
'idda,heshallhaveabetter right
totakeherbackwithoutneedofanewmarriagecontract.
(3)Whereit
isindubitablethatthemarriagehasnotbeenconsummatedwhenthedivorcewasaffected,no'iddashallberequired.
Article30.Marriageafterthreetalaq.
(1)Whereawifehasbeenthricerepudiated(talaqbainlubra)onthreedifferentoccasionsbyherhusband,hecannotremarryherunlesssheshallhavemarriedanotherpersonwhodivorcesherafterconsummationoftheinterveningmarriageandtheexpirationofthe'idda.
(2) No solemnizing officer shall perform the subsequent marriage
mentioned in the preceding
paragraphunlesshehasascertainedthattherewasnocollusionamongtheparties.
Section4.BatilandFasiMarriages
Article31.Batilmarriages.Thefollowingmarriagesshallbevoid(batil)fromthebeginning:
(a)ThosecontractedcontrarytoArticles23,24,25and26
(b)Thosecontractedincontraventionoftheprohibitionagainstunlawfulconjunctionand
(c)Thosecontractedbypartiesoneorbothofwhomhavebeenfoundguiltyofhavingkilledthespouseofeitherofthem.
Article32.Fasidmarriages.Thefollowingmarriagesshallbeirregular(fasid)fromtheirperformance:
(a)Thosecontractedwithafemaleobserving'idda
(b)ThosecontractedcontrarytoArticle30
(c) Those wherein the consent of either party is vitiated by
violence, intimidation, fraud, deceit ormisrepresentation
(d) Those contracted by a party in a condition of deathillness
(maradulmault) without the same beingconsummated
(e)Thosecontractedbyapartyinastateofihramand
(f)MixedmarriagesnotallowedunderIslamiclaw.
Article 33. Validation of irregular marriages. (1) Irregular
marriages may be made regular by a new
marriagecontractinthefollowingcases:
(a)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(a),aftertheimpedimenthasbeenremoved
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(b)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(b),uponcompliancewiththerequirementofArticle30
(c)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(c),afterthecausesvitiatingconsenthaveceased
(d)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(d),incasethepartyrecovers.
(e)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(e),whenthepartyisnolongerinastateofihramand
(f)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(f),afterconversiontoafaiththatcouldhavemadethemarriagevalid.
(2)Theeffectsofthenewmarriageunderthefirstparagraphshallretroacttothedateofthecelebrationoftheirregularmarriage.
Section5.RightsandObligationsBetweenSpouses
Article34.Mutualrightsandobligations.
(1)Thehusbandand thewifeareobliged to live
together,observemutual respectand fidelity,and
rendermutualhelpandsupportinaccordancewiththisCode.
(2)Whenoneofthespousesneglectshisorherdutiestotheconjugalunionorbringsdanger,dishonorormaterial
injuryupontheother, the injuredpartymaypetition thecourt
forrelief.Thecourtmaycounsel
theoffendertocomplywithhisorherduties,andtakesuchmeasuresasmaybeproper.
(3)ThehusbandandthewifeshallinheritfromeachotherinaccordancewiththisCode.
(4)ThehusbandandthewifeshallhavetherighttodivorceinaccordancewiththisCode.
Article35.Rightsandobligationsofthehusband.Thehusbandshallfixtheresidenceofthefamily.Thecourtmayexemptthewifefromlivingwithherhusbandonanyofthefollowinggrounds:
(a)Herdowerisnotsatisfiedinaccordancewiththestipulationsor
(b) The conjugal dwelling is not in keepingwith her social
standing or is, for any reason, not safe for
themembersofthefamilyorherproperty.
Article36.Rightsandobligationsofthewife.
(1)Thewifeshalldutifullymanagetheaffairsofthehousehold.Shemaypurchasethingsnecessaryforthemaintenance
of the family, and the husband shall be bound to reimburse the
expenses, if he has notdeliveredthepropersum.
(2)Thewifecannot,withoutthehusband'sconsent,acquireanypropertybygratuitoustitle,exceptfromherrelativeswhoarewithintheprohibiteddegreesinmarriage.
(3) Thewifemay,with her husband's consent, exercise any
profession or occupation or engage in lawfulbusinesswhich is
inkeepingwith Islamicmodestyandvirtue.However, if thehusband
refuses togivehisconsent on the ground that his income is
sufficient for the family according to its social standing or
hisopposition is based on serious and valid grounds, the matter
shall be referred to the Agama ArbitrationCouncil.
(4)Thewifeshallhavetherighttodemandthesatisfactionofhermahr.
(5)Unlessotherwisestipulated in themarriagesettlements,
thewiferetainownershipandadministrationofherexclusiveproperty.
(6)Thewifeshallbeentitledtoanequalandjusttreatmentbythehusband.
Section6.PropertyRelationsBetweenSpouses
Article 37.Howgoverned. The property relations between husband
andwife shall be governed in the followingorder:
(a)Bycontractbeforeoratthetimeofthecelebrationofmarriage
(b)BytheprovisionsofthisCodeand
(c)Bycustom.
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Article 38.Regime of property relations. The property relations
between the spouses, in the absence of anystipulation to the
contrary in themarriage settlementsor anyother contract, shall
begovernedby the
regimeofcompleteseparationofpropertyinaccordancewiththisCodeand,inasuppletorymanner,bythegeneralprinciplesofIslamiclawandtheCivilCodeofthePhilippines.
Article39.Stipulationinthemarriagesettlements.Everystipulationinthemarriagesettlementsorcontractreferredtointheprecedingarticleshallbevoidandwithouteffectwhatsoever,shouldthemarriagenotakeplace.However,stipulationsthatdonotdependuponthecontractofmarriageshallbevalid.
Article40.Antenuptialproperty.Thewifeshallnotloseownershipandadministrationofallpropertiesbroughtbyhertothemarriageintheabsenceofanywrittenagreementtothecontrary,andshemaydisposeofthesamebydeedorotherwiseevenwithouttheconsentofherhusband.
Article41.Exclusivepropertyofeachspouse.Thefollowingshallbetheexclusivepropertyofeitherspouse:
(a)Propertiesbroughttothemarriagebythehusbandorthewife
(b)Allincomederivedbyeitherspousefromanyemployment,occupationortrade
(c)Anymoneyorpropertyacquiredbyeitherspouseduringmarriagebylucrativetitle
(d)Thedower(mahr)ofthewifeandnuptialgiftstoeachspouse
(e)Propertiesacquiredbyrightofredemption,purchaseorexchangeoftheexclusivepropertyofeitherand
(f)Allfruitsofpropertiesintheforegoingparagraphs.
Article42.Ownershipandadministration.Eachspouseshallown,possess,administer,enjoyanddisposeofhisorher
ownexclusiveestateevenwithout the consent of theother.However, the
courtmay, uponpetitionof
eitherspouse,granttotheothertheadministrationofsuchproperty.
Article43.Householdproperty.Householdpropertywhichcustomarilypertainstoorisusedbyeitherspouseshallbeprimafaciepresumedtobethepropertyofsaidspouse.
Article44.Righttosueandbesued.Thewifemay,independentlyofthehusband,sueorbesuedinthefollowingcases:
(a)Whenthelitigationisbetweenhusbandandwife
(b)Ifthesuitconcernsherexclusiveproperty
(c)Ifthelitigationisincidentaltoherprofession,occupationorbusiness
(d) If the litigation concerns the exclusive property of the
husband, the administration of which has beentransferredtoheror
(e)SuchotherappropriatecasesasmaybefollowedbythegeneralprinciplesofIslamiclawandotherlaws.
ChapterThreeDIVORCE(TALAQ)
Section1.NatureandForm
Article45.Definitionandforms.DivorceistheformaldissolutionofthemarriagebondinaccordancewiththisCodeto
be granted only after the exhaustion of all possiblemeans of
reconciliation between the spouses. It may beeffectedby:
(a)Repudiationofthewifebythehusband(talaq)
(b)Vowofcontinencebythehusband(ila)
(c)Injuriousassanilationofthewifebythehusband(zihar)
(d)Actsofimprecation(li'an)
(e)Redemptionbythewife(khul')
(f)Exercisebythewifeofthedelegatedrighttorepudiate(tafwld)or
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(g)Judicialdecree(faskh).
Article46.Divorcebytalaq.
(1)Adivorceby talaqmaybeaffectedby thehusband in a single
repudiationof hiswife duringher nonmenstrual period
(tuhr)withinwhich he has totally abstained fromcarnal relationwith
her.Any number ofrepudiationsmadeduringone
tuhrshallconstituteonlyone repudiationandshallbecome
irrevocableaftertheexpirationoftheprescribed'idda.
(2)Ahusbandwhorepudiateshiswife,eitherforthefirstorsecondtime,shallhavetherighttotakeherback(ruju)within
theprescribed
'iddabyresumptionofcohabitationwithoutneedofanewcontractofmarriage.Shouldhefailtodoso,therepudiationshallbecomeirrevocable(Talaqbainsugra).
Article47.DivorcebyIla.Whereahusbandmakesavowtoabstainfromanycarnalrelations(ila)withhiswifeandkeepssuchilaforaperiodofnotlessthanfourmonths,shemaybegrantedadecreeofdivorcebythecourtafterduenoticeandhearing.
Article48.Divorcebyzihar.Wherethehusbandhasinjuriouslyassimilated(zihar)hiswifetoanyofhisrelativeswithintheprohibiteddegreesofmarriage,theyshallmutuallyrefrainfromhavingcarnalrelationuntilheshallhaveperformedtheprescribedexpiation.Thewifemayaskthecourttorequireherhusbandtoperformtheexpiationortopronounce
the a regular talaq should he fail or refuse to do so, without
prejudice to her right of seeking otherappropriateremedies.
Article49.Divorcebyli'an.Wherethehusbandaccuseshiswifeincourtofadultery,adecreeofperpetualdivorcemaybegrantedby
thecourt afterduehearingandafter theparties shall haveperformed
theprescribedactsofimprecation(li'an).
Article50.Divorcebykhul'.Thewifemay,afterhavingofferedtoreturnorrenounceherdowerortopayanyotherlawfulconsiderationforherrelease(khul')fromthemarriagebond,petitionthecourtfordivorce.Thecourtshall,inmeritoriouscasesandafterfixingtheconsideration,issuethecorrespondingdecree.
Article51.Divorcebytafwid.Ifthehusbandhasdelegated(tafwid)tothewifetherighttoeffectatalaqatthetimeofthecelebrationofthemarriageorthereafter,shemayrepudiatethemarriageandtherepudiationwouldhavethesameeffectasifitwerepronouncedbythehusbandhimself.
Article52.Divorce by faskh. The courtmay, uponpetition of
thewife, decreea divorce by faskhonany of thefollowinggrounds:
(a)Neglectorfailureofthehusbandtoprovidesupportforthefamilyforatleastsixconsecutivemonths
(b)Convictionofthehusbandbyfinaljudgmentsentencinghimtoimprisonmentforatleastoneyear
(c) Failure of the husband to perform for six months without
reasonable cause his marital obligation
inaccordancewiththiscode
(d)Impotencyofthehusband
(e)Insanityorafflictionofthehusbandwithanincurablediseasewhichwouldmakethecontinuanceofthemarriagerelationshipinjurioustothefamily
(f)Unusualcrueltyofthehusbandasdefinedunderthenextsucceedingarticleor
(g) Any other cause recognized under Muslim law for the
dissolution of marriage by faskh either at
theinstanceofthewifeortheproperwali.
Article53.Faskhon thegroundofunusual cruelty.Adecreeof faskhon
thegroundof unusual
crueltymaybegrantedbythecourtuponpetitionofthewifeifthehusband:
(a)Habituallyassaultsherormakesherlifemiserablebycruelconductevenifthisdoesnotresultinphysicalinjury
(b) Associateswith persons of illrepute or leads an infamous
life or attempts to force thewife to live animmorallife
(c)Compelshertodisposeofherexclusivepropertyorpreventsherfromexercisingherlegalrightsoverit
(d)Obstructsherintheobservanceofherreligiouspracticesor
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(e)DoesnottreatherjustlyandequitablyasenjoinedbyIslamiclaw.
Article54.Effectsofirrevocabletalaqorfaskh.Atalaqorfaskh,assoonasitbecomesirrevocable,shallhavethefollowingeffects:
(a)ThemarriagebondshallbeseveredandthespousesmaycontractanothermarriageinaccordancewiththisCode
(b)Thespousesshalllosetheirmutualrightsofinheritance
(c)ThecustodyofchildrenshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithArticle78ofthiscode
(d) The wife shall be entitled to recover from the husband her
whole dower in case the talaq has
beenaffectedaftertheconsummationofthemarriage,oronehalfthereofifeffectedbeforeitsconsummation
(e)ThehusbandshallnotbedischargedfromhisobligationtogivesupportinaccordancewithArticle67and
(f)Theconjugalpartnership,ifstipulatedinthemarriagesettlements,shallbedissolvedandliquidated.
Article55.Effectsofotherkindsofdivorce.Theprovisionsofthearticleimmediatelyprecedingshallapplytothedissolution,ofmarriagebyila,zihar,li'anandkhul',subjecttotheeffectsofcompliancewiththerequirementsoftheIslamiclawrelativetosuchdivorces.
Section2.'Idda
Article56.'Iddadefined.'Iddaistheperiodofwaitingprescribedforawomanwhosemarriagehasbeendissolvedbydeathorbydivorcethecompletionofwhichshallenablehertocontractanewmarriage.
Article57.Period.
(1)Everywifeshallbeobligedtoobserve'iddaasfollows:
(a)Incaseofdissolutionofmarriagebydeath,fourmonthsandtendayscountedfromthedeathofherhusband
(b)Incaseofterminationofmarriagebydivorce,forthreemonthlycoursesor
(c)Incaseofapregnantwomen,foraperiodextendinguntilherdelivery.
(2) Should the husband die while the wife is observing 'idda for
divorce, another 'idda for death shall
beobservedinaccordancewithparagraph1(a).
TITLEIIIPATERNITYANDFILIATION
Article58.Legitimacy,howestablished.Legitimacyoffiliationisestablishedbyevidenceofvalidmarriagebetweenthefatherandthemotheratthetimeoftheconceptionofthechild.
Article59.Legitimatechildren.
(1)Childrenconceivedinlawfulwedlockshallbepresumedtobelegitimate.Whoeverclaimsillegitimacyoforimpugnssuchfiliationmustprovehisallegation.
(2) Children born after six months following the consummation of
marriage or with two years after
thedissolutionofthemarriageshallbepresumedtobelegitimate.Againstthispresumptionnoevidenceshallbeadmittedotherthanthatofthephysicalimpossibilityofaccessbetweentheparentsatoraboutthetimeoftheconceptionofthechild.
Article 60.Children of subsequent marriage. Should the marriage
be dissolved and the wife contracts
anothermarriageaftertheexpirationofher'IDDA,thechildbornwithinsixmonthsfromthedissolutionofthepriormarriageshallbepresumedtohavebeenconceivedduringtheformermarriage,andifbornthereafter,duringthelater.
Article61.Pregnancyafterdissolution.If,afterthedissolutionofmarriage,thewifebelievesthatsheispregnantbyher
former husband, she shall, within thirty days from the time she
became aware of her pregnancy, notify
theformerhusbandorhisheirsofthatfact.Thehusbandorhisheirsmayaskthecourttotakemeasurestopreventasimulationofbirth.
Article62.Rightsoflegitimatechild.Alegitimatechildshallhavetheright:
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(a)Tobearthesurnamesofthefatherandofthemother
(b)Toreceivesupportfromthefatheror,inhisdefault,fromhisheirsinaccordancewithArticles65and68and
(c)Toshareinthelegitimate(furud)andothersuccessionalrightswhichthisCoderecognizesinhisfavor.
Article63.Acknowledgmentbyfather.Acknowledgment(igra)ofachildbythefathershallestablishpaternityandconferuponeach
the right inherit from theotherexclusively
inaccordancewithArticle94,provided the
followingconditionsarecompliedwith:
(a)Theacknowledgment
ismanifestedbythefather'sacceptanceinpublicthatheisthefatherofthechildwhodoesnotimpugnitand
(b)Therelationsdoesnotappearimpossiblebyreasonofdisparityinage.
Article64.Adoption.NoadoptioninanyformshallconferuponanypersonthestatusandrightsofalegitimatechildunderMuslimlaw,exceptthatsaidpersonmayreceiveagift(hiba).
TITLEIVSUPPORT(NAFAQA)
Article65.Support defined. Support (nafaqa) includeseverything
that is indispensable for sustenance,
dwelling,clothingandmedicalattendanceaccordingtothesocialstandingofthepersonobligedtogiveit,andtheeducationofthepersonentitledtothesupportuntilhecompleteshiseducation,training,orvocationevenbeyondtheageofmajority.
Article66.Amount.Theamountofsupportshallbeinproportiontotheresourcesofthegiverandtotheneedsoftherecipient.
Article67.Supportforwifeandinfant.
(1)Thewifeshallbeentitled tosupportduring themarriage.
Incasesofdivorce, (talaq),her
rightshallbeextendeduptotheexpirationofthe'idda.However,incasethewifeispregnantatthetimeoftheseparation,sheshallbeentitledtosupportuntildelivery.
(2) Any divorced nursing mother who continues to breastfeed her
child for two years shall be entitled
tosupportuntilthetimeofweaning.
Article68.Supportbetweenascendantsanddescendants.Theascendantsanddescendantsshallbeobliged
tosupporteachotherintheorderinwhichtheyarecalledtosucceedbyintestacythepersonwhohasarighttoclaimsupport.
Article69.Payment.
(1)Theobligationtosupportshallbedemandablefromthetimetherecipientneedsitformaintenance,butitshallnotbepaidexceptfromthedateitisextrajudiciallydemanded.
(2)Paymentshallbemadedaily,weeklyormonthlyinadvance,andwhentherecipientdies,hisheirsshallnotbeobligedtoreturnwhathehadreceivedinadvance.
(3) If the recipient is thewife, the ruleestablished in the
foregoingparagraphshall applyeven though
themarriageisdissolved.
Article70.Extinguishmentofsupport.Theobligationtosupportshallcease:
(a)Uponthedeathoftherecipient
(b) When the resources of the obligor have been so reduced that
he cannot give the support
withoutneglectinghisownneedandthoseofhisfamily,exceptthatinthecaseofthespouses,thehusband,thoughneedy,isobligedtosupportthewifeor
(c)WhentherecipientcommitsanyactwhichwouldgiverisetodisqualificationtoinheritordenialofsupportunderMuslimlaw.
TITLEVPARENTALAUTHORITY
ChapterOne
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NATUREANDEFFECTS
Article71.Whoexercises.
(1) The father and themother shall jointly exercise just and
reasonable parental authority and fulfill
theirresponsibilityovertheirlegitimateandacknowledgedchildren.Incaseofdisagreement,thefather'sdecisionshallprevailunlessthereisajudicialordertothecontrary.
(2)Themother shall exerciseparental authority over her
childrenbornout ofwedlock, but the
courtmay,whenthebestinterestsofthechildrensorequire,appointageneralguardian.
Article72.Dutytoparents.
(1)Childrenshallrespect,revere,andobeytheirparentsalwaysunlessthelattercastthemintodisbelief.
(2)Grandparentsarelikewiseentitledtorespectandreverence,andshallbeconsultedwheneverpracticablebyallmembersofthefamilyonallimportantquestions.
Article 73.Duty to children. Every parent and every person
exercising parental authority shall see to it that
therightsofthechildrenarerespected,andtheirdutiescompliedwith,andshallparticularlybypreceptandexample,imbuethemwithreligiousandcivicattachmenttotheidealofpermanentworldpeace.
Article74.Effectsuponpersonofchildren.Theparentshave,withrespecttotheirunemancipatedchildren:
(a)Theduty tosupport them,have them in theircompany,educateand
instruct them inkeepingwith
theirmeansandrepresenttheminallactionswhichshallredoundtotheirbenefitsand
(b)Thepowertocorrect,discipline,andpunishthemmoderately.
Article75.Effectsuponpropertyofchildren.
(1)Thefather,orinhisabsencethemother,shallbethelegaladministratorofthepropertyofthechildunderparentalauthority.Ifthepropertyisworthmorethanfivethousandpesos,thefatherorthemothershallgiveabondtobeapprovedbythecourt.
(2)Thecourtmayappointaguardian(wasi)intheabsenceofonewhoisnaturalortestamentary.
Article76.Parentalauthoritynontransferable.ParentalauthoritycanneitherberenouncednortransferredexceptasotherwiseprovidedinthisCodeandthegeneralprinciplesofIslamiclaw.
Article77.Extinguishmentofparentalauthority.
(1)Parentalauthorityterminatesuponthedeathoftheparentsorthechild,oruponemancipation.
(2) Subject to Article 78, the widowed mother who contracts a
subsequent marriage shall lose
parentalauthorityandcustodyoverallchildrenby
thedeceasedhusband,unless thesecondhusband is related
tothemwithintheprohibiteddegreesofconsanguinity.
(3) The courtmay deprive a person of parental authority or
suspend the exercise thereof if he treats
hischildrenwithexcessiveharshness,givesthencorruptingorimmoralordersandcounsel,orabandonsthem.
ChapterTwoCUSTODYANDGUARDIANSHIP
Article78.Careandcustody.
(1)Thecareandcustodyofchildrenbelowsevenyearsofagewhoseparentsaredivorcedshallbelongtothemotheror,inherabsence,tothematernalgrandmother,thepaternalgrandmother,thesisterandaunts.In
theirdefault, itshalldevolveupon the fatherand thenearestpaternal
relatives.Theminorabovesevenyearsofagebutbelowtheageofpubertymaychoosetheparentwithwhomhewantstostay.
(2)Theunmarrieddaughterwhohasreachedtheageofpubertyshallstaywiththefathertheson,underthesamecircumstances,shallstaywiththemother.
Article79.Guardianformarriage(wali).Thefollowingpersonsshallhaveauthoritytoactasguardianformarriage(wali)intheorderofprecedence:
(a)Father
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(b)Paternalgrandfather
(c)Brotherandotherpaternalrelatives
(d)Paternalgrandfather'sexecutorornomineeor
(e)Thecourt.
Article 80.Guardian ofminor's property. The followingpersons
shall exercise guardianship over the property
ofminorsintheorderofprecedence:
(a)Father
(b)Father'sexecutorornominee
(c)Paternalgrandfather
(d)Paternalgrandfather'snomineeor
(e)Thecourt.
TITLEVICIVILREGISTRY
ChapterOneREGISTRYOFMARRIAGE,DIVORCEANDCONVERSIONS
Article 81.District Registrar. The Clerk of Court of the Shari'
a District Court shall, in addition to his
regularfunctions,actasDistrictRegistrarofMuslimMarriages,Divorces,RevocationsofDivorces,andConversionswithintheterritorialjurisdictionofsaidcourt.TheClerkofCourtoftheShari'aCircuitCourtshallactasCircuitRegistrarofMuslimMarriages,Divorces,RevocationsofDivorces,andConversionswithinhisjurisdiction.
Article82.DutiesofDistrictRegistrar.EveryDistrictRegistrarshallexercisesupervisionoverCircuitRegistrarsinevery
Shari'a District. He shall, in addition to an entry book, keep and
bind copies of certificates of
Marriage,Divorce,RevocationofDivorce,andConversionsenttohimbytheCircuitRegistrarsinseparategeneralregisters.HeshallsendcopiesinaccordancewithAct.No.3753,asamended,totheofficeoftheCivilRegistrarGeneral.
Article83.DutiesofCircuitRegistrar.EveryCircuitRegistrarshall:
(a)Fileeverycertificateofmarriage(whichshallspecifythenatureandamountofthedoweragreedupon,)divorceorrevocationofdivorceandconversionandsuchotherdocumentspresentedtohimforregistration
(b) Compile said certificates monthly, prepare and send any
information required of him by the DistrictRegistrar
(c)RegisterconversionsinvolvingIslam
(d)Issuecertifiedtranscriptsorcopiesofanycertificateordocumentregistereduponpaymentoftherequiredfees
(e)SendtotheDistrictRegistrarduringthefirsttendaysofeachmonthacopyoftheentriesmadeduringthepreviousmonth
(f)Indexthesameforeasyreferenceandidentificationincaseanyinformationisrequiredand
(g)Administeroaths,freeofcharge,forcivilregistrypurposes.
Article84.CancellationorCorrectionofEntry.AnyentryintheDistrictorCircuitRegistermay,uponverifiedpetitionofanyinterestedparty,becorrecteduponorderoftheShari'aDistrictCourt,subjecttotheprovisionsoftheRulesofCourt.EveryRegistrarshallbecivillyresponsibleforanyunauthorizedalterationmadeintheregistrytoanypersonsufferingdamagethereby.However,theRegistrarmayexempthimself
fromsuchliability
ifheprovesthathehastakeneveryreasonableprecautiontopreventtheunlawfulalteration.
Article85.Registrationof
revocationofdivorce.Withinsevendaysafter the revocationofadivorceby
ruju', thehusbandshall,with thewife'swrittenconsent, fileastatement
thereofwith theCircuitRegistrar
inwhoserecordsthatdivorcewaspreviouslyentered.
Article 86. Legal effects of registration. The books making up
the registry of marriage, divorce, revocation ofdivorce,
conversion,andall otherdocuments relating thereto shall be
consideredpublicdocumentsandshall be
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prima facie evidence of the facts therein contained. However,
nothing herein provided shall affect the
intrinsicvalidityorinvalidityoftheactsregistered.
Article87.Applicabilityofothercivilregistrylaw.TotheextentnotinconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthisCode,theprovisionsofotherregistrylawsgoverningothercivilregistrarsshallbeobservedbydistrictorcircuitregistrars.
ChapterTwoOTHERACTSAFFECTINGCIVILSTATUS
Article 88.Where registered. All other acts, events, or judicial
decrees affecting civil status not mentioned
inChapterOneofthisTitleshallberecordedintheexistingcivilregistryofthecityormunicipalityinaccordancewithspeciallaws.
BOOKTHREESUCCESSION
TITLEIGENERALPROVISIONS
Article89.Successiondefined.Succession
isamodeofacquisitionbyvirtueofwhich theestateofaperson
istransmittedtohisheirsorothersinaccordancewiththiscode.
Article 90.Successional rights, when vested. The rights to
succession are transmitted from themoment of
thedeathofthedecedent.Therighttosuccessionofanyheirwhopredeceasesthedecedentshallnotbetransmittedbyrightofrepresentationtohisownheirs.
Article91.Requisitesofsuccession.Nosettlementoftheestateofadeceasedpersonshallbeeffectedunless:
(a)Thedeathofthedecedentisascertained
(b)Thesuccessorisaliveatthetimeofthedeathofthedecedentand
(c)Thesuccessorisnotdisqualifiedtoinherit.
Article 92. Inheritance (Mirath). The inheritance of a person
includes all properties of any kind, movable
orimmovable,whetherancestraloracquiredeitherbyonerousorgratuitoustitle,aswellasalltransmissiblerightsandobligationsatthetimeofhisdeathandthosethataccruetheretobeforepartition.
Article93.Disqualificationstosuccession.Thefollowingshallbedisqualifiedtosucceed:
(a)Thosewhohaveintentionallycauseddirectlyorindirectlythedeathofthedecedent
(b)Thosewhohavecommittedanyotheractwhichconstitutesagrounddisqualification
to inherentunderIslamiclawand
(c)ThosewhoaresosituatedthattheycannotinheritunderIslamiclaw.
Article94.Successionfromacknowledgingperson.Withoutprejudice to
theorderofsuccessionofheirs,mutualrightsofinheritanceshallobtain:
(a)Betweentheacknowledgingfatherandtheacknowledgedchildand
(b)Betweenthekinsmanacknowledgedthroughanotherpersonandtheacknowledger.
Article95.Successionbyillegitimatechild.Achildwhowasthecauseofthemother'shavingbeendivorcedbyli'anshallhavemutualrightsofsuccessiononlywiththemotherandherrelatives.
Article96.Successionbetweendivorcedpersons.
(1)Thehusbandwhodivorceshiswifeshallhavemutualrightsofinheritancewithherwhilesheisobservingher'idda.Aftertheexpirationofthe'idda,thereshallbenomutualrightsofsuccessionbetweenthem.
(2)Thehusbandwho,whileinaconditionofdeathillness,divorceshiswifeshallnotinheritfromher,butsheshallhavetherighttosucceedhimevenaftertheexpirationofher'idda.
Article 97.Succession by conceived child. A child conceived at
the time of the death of the decedent shall
beconsideredanheirprovideditbebornlaterinaccordancewithArticle10itscorrespondingshareshallbereservedbeforetheestateisdistributed.
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Article98.Successionbyabsentee. Theshareof anheirwho
ismissingorotherwiseabsentat the timeof
thedeathofthedecedentshallbereserved:
(a)Untilhereappearsandclaimsit
(b)Untilheisprovendeador
(c)Untilthelapseoftenyearsafterwhichheshallberesumeddeadbydecreeofthecourt.
Article99.Orderofsuccession.Theheirsofadecedentshallinheritinthefollowingorder:
(a)Sharers(ashabulfurud)shallbeentitledtofixedshares
(b)Residuaries(ashabulmirath)shallbeentitledtotheresidue
(c) In the absence of the foregoing, the distant kindred
(dhawularham) who are blood relatives but
areneithersharersnorresiduariesand
(d)Indefaultoftheabove,theacknowledgedkinsman,universallegatee,orthepublictreasury(baitulmal),inthatorder.
Article100.ModesofSuccession.Successionmybe:
(a)Bywill(wasiya)
(b)ByoperationofthisCodeor
(c)Bycombinationofboth.
TITLEIITESTAMENTARYSUCCESSION
ChapterOneWILLS
Article 101.Will defined. A will (wasiya) is a declaration
whereby a person is permitted, with the
formalitiesprescribedbylaw,tocontrolthedispositionafterhisdeathofnotmorethanonethirdofhisestate,ifthereareheirs,orthewholeofit,iftherearenoheirsordistantkindred.
Article102.Formalities.
(1)Themakingofawillisstrictlyapersonalactitcannotbeleftinwholeorinparttothediscretionofathirdpersonoraccomplishedthroughtheinstrumentalityofanagent.
(2)Awillmaybedeclaredorallyor inwriting
inamannerthatshowsclearlythe intentionof
thetestatortoexecuteitinthepresenceofaleasttwocompetent,credibleanddisinterestedwitnesses.
Article103.Proofofwill.
(1)Nonuncupativewillshallpassanypropertyofthedecedentunlessitisprovedandallowedinaccordancewithasolemnoathoraffirmationofallthewitnesseswhoattestedtoitsdeclaration.
(2)Nowillofanyotherkind,holographicorformal,shallpassanypropertyunlessitisprovedandallowedinaccordancewiththisCode.
Article 104.Testamentarywagf. An endowment for Islamic purposes
to take effect after the death of the
donor(wagfbillwasiya)partakesofthenatureofatestamentarydisposition.
Article105.Capacitytomakeawill.AnypersonofsoundanddisposingmindandwhoisnotexpresslyprohibitedbyIslamiclawmaymakeawill.Personsofeithersexundertheageofpubertycannotmakeawill.
Article106.Disposablethird.
(1)Thetestator,inhiswill,cannotdisposeofmorethanonethirdofhisestate.Anybequestinexcessthereofshall
not be given effect unless ratified by the heirs. In any case, the
bequest must be accepted by thelegatee.
(2)Abequesttoanysharerorresiduaryshallnotbevalidunlessratifiedbythetestator'sheirsexistingatthetimeofhisdeath.
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Article107.Bequestbyoperationof law.Should the
testatordiewithouthavingmadeabequest in
favorofanychildofhissonwhopredeceasedhim,orwhosimultaneouslydieswithhim,suchchildshallbeentitledtoonethirdof
the share that would have pertained to the father if he were alive.
The parent or spouse, who is otherwisedisqualifiedtoinherit
inviewofArticle93(c),shallbeentitledtoonethirdofwhatheorshewouldhavereceivedwithoutsuchqualification.
Article108.Revocationofwill.Willmaybeexpresslyor impliedly
revokedby the testatoratany
timebeforehisdeath.Anywaiverorrestrictionofthisrightshallbevoid.
Article109.Partialinvalidityofwill.Theinvalidityofoneofseveralprovisionsofawillshallnotresultintheinvalidityof
theothers,unless it is tobepresumed that the
testatorwouldnothavemadesuchotherprovisions if the
firstinvalidprovisionhadnotbeenmade.
TITLEIIILEGALSUCCESSION
ChapterOneSHARES
Article110.Whoaresharers.Thefollowingpersonsshallbeentitledtotheinheritanceassharerstotheextentsetforthinthesucceedingarticles:
(a)Thehusband,thewife
(b)Thefather,themother,thegrandfather,thegrandmother
(c)Thedaughterandtheson'sdaughterinthedirectline
(d)Thefullsister,theconsanguinesister,theuterinesisterandtheuterinebrother.
Article111.Shareofsurvivinghusband.Thehusbandsurviving
togetherwitha legitimatechildora childof thedecedent's
sonshallbeentitled toonefourthof thehereditaryestate should
therebenosuchdescendants,heshallinheritonehalfoftheestate.
Article112.Shareofsurvivingwife.Thewifesurvivingtogetherwithalegitimatechildorachildofthedecedent'ssonshallbeentitledtooneeightofthehereditaryestateintheabsenceofsuchdescendants,sheshallinheritonefourthoftheestate.
Article113.Shareofsurvivingfather.Thefathersucceedingtogetherwiththelegitimatesonofthedecedentorasonofthedecedent'ssonshallbeentitled,assharer,toonesixthofthehereditaryestate.Thefatherwhosucceedstogetherwithalegitimatedaughterofthedecedentoradaughterofthedecedent'ssonshallinherit,assharer,onesixthoftheinheritancewithoutprejudicetohisshareasresiduary.
Article114.Share of survivingmother. Themother succeeding as
sharer togetherwith a child or a child of thedecedent's son, or
with two or more brothers or sisters of the decedent, shall be
entitled to onesixth of thehereditary estate. Should she
survivewithout any such descendant or with only one brother or
sister, she shallinheritonethirdoftheestate.
Article 115.Share of paternal grandfather. The paternal
grandfather succeeding together with the child of
thedecedentor,indefaultthereof,withhisdescendantsinthedirectmalelinehowever,distant,shallbeentitledtoonesixthofthehereditaryestate.Shouldhesurvivewithanysharerotherthanthebrothersorsistersofthedecedent,heshallbeentitledtoonesixthwithoutprejudicetohisrightasaresiduary.
Article116.Shareofpaternalgrandmother.Thepaternalgrandmothersucceedingindefaultofthemother,father,orintermediategrandfatherofthedecedentshallbeentitled,assharer,toonesixthofthehereditaryestate.
Article117.Shareofsurvivingdaughter.
(1)Ifthedecedentleavesnosonbutonedaughter,thelattershallbeentitledtoinherit,assharer,onehalfofthe
hereditary estate. Two ormore daughters shall share equally
twothirds thereof. Should one
ormoredaughterssurvivewithoneormoresonsofthedecedent,thelattershallbeentitledtodoubletheshareoftheformer.
(2)Shouldalonedaughterofthedecedentsurvivetogetherwithhisson'sdaughter,thetwothirdsshareshallbedividedbetweenthem,onehalfthereoftopertaintotheformerandonesixthofthelatter.
Article118.Shareofson'sdaughter. The son's daughter shall, in
the absenceof any child of the decedent,
beentitledtoonehalfofthehereditaryestate.Twoormoredaughtersofthedecedent'ssonshallsharethetwothirds
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oftheestatepercapita.
Article119.Shareoffullsister.Shouldthedecedentleaveneitherdescendant,father,norfullbrother,thefullsister,shallbeentitledassharertotheextentofonehalfofthehereditaryestate.Twoormorefullsistersshallinherittwothirdsoftheestatepercapita.
Article120.Shareofconsanguinesister.Shouldthedecedentleaveneitherdescendent,fullbrother,norfullsister,theconsanguinesistershallbeentitledtoonehalfofthehereditaryestate.Twoormoreconsanguinesistersshallinherittwothirdsoftheestatepercapita.
Article 121.Share of uterine brother or sister. The share of a
uterine brother or sister shall be onesixth of
thehereditaryestateshouldtherebenosurvivingdescendant,father,paternalgrandfather,orfullbrotherandsisterofthedecedent.Twoormoreuterinebrothersorsistersshallinheritonethirdoftheestatepercapita.
Article122.Participationoffullbrother.
(1)Oneormorefullbrothersandsisterssurvivingtogether,oroneormoreconsanguinebrothersorsisterssurvivingtogether,shallparticipateinthehereditaryestate,abrothertoinheritdoubletheshareofasister.
(2)Theprovisionofthenextsucceedingarticlenotwithstanding,thefullbrothershall,ifnothingisleftforhimafterthedistributionofsharesandhesurviveswithuterinebrothers,participatewiththelatterintheonethirdofthehereditaryestatepercapita.
Article123.Exclusionamongheirs.Theexclusionofheirsfromtheinheritanceshallbegovernedbythefollowingrules:
(a)Inthesameline,therelativenearestindegreeexcludesthemoreremote.
(b)Fullbloodrelativesexcludetheconsanguineandtheuterine.
(c)Whoeverisrelatedtothedecedentthroughanypersonshallnotinheritwhilethelatterisliving,exceptinthecaseofamotherconcurringwithherchildren.
(d) Heirs who, in a particular case, do not succeed by reason of
disqualification on any ground shall notexcludeothers.
ChapterTwoRESIDUARYHEIRS
Article 124.Residuaries. Any residue left after the distribution
of the shares shall be partitioned among
theresiduariesinaccordancewiththefollowingarticles.Anheirmaysucceedasresiduaryinhisownright(asababinnafs),inanother'sright(asababilghair),ortogetherwithanother(asabama'alghair).
Article125.Residuariesintheirownright.Thefollowingpersonsareresiduariesintheirownright:
(a)Maledescendantsofthedecedentinthedirectline,however,distantindegree
(b)Maleascendantsofthedecedentinthedirectline,howeverdistantindegree
(c) Fullblood or consanguine brothers of the decedent and their
male descendants, however, distant indegreeand
(d)Fullbloodorconsanguinepaternalunclesofthedecedentandtheirmaledescendants,howeverdistantindegree.
Article126.Residuariesinanother'sright.Thefollowingpersonsshallsucceedasresiduariesinanother'sright:
(a)Daughterssurvivingwiththesonofthedecedent
(b)Son'sdaughterssurvivingwiththeirownbrothers
(c)Fullsisterssurvivingwiththeirfullbrothersand
(d)Consanguinesisterssurvivingwiththeirconsanguinebrothers.
Article127.Residuariestogetherwithanother.Fullbloodorconsanguinesisters,survivingwithdaughtersof
thedecedentorwiththeson'sdaughters,however,distantindegreefromthedecedent,areresiduariestogetherwithanother.
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Article128.Preferenceamongresiduaries.Preferenceamongresiduariesshallbegovernedbythefollowingrules:
(a)Theresiduarynearerindegreeshallbepreferredtothemoreremoteofthesameclass.
(b)Theresiduarywithfullbloodrelationshipshallbepreferredtothoseofthehalfbloodofthesamedegreeofrelationshipinthesameclass.
(c)Theresiduariesofthesameclass,degreeandbloodrelationshipshallshareequally,subjecttotheruleofthemalehavingasharedoublethatofthefemaleinpropercases.
Article129.Reductionofshares.Ifthetotalityofallthesharesassignedtoeachofthesharersexceedsthewholeinheritance,thesharesshallbereducedproportionately.
Article130.Reversionofresidue.If,afterdistributingtheportionsofthesharers,aresidueisleftintheinheritanceandthereisnosurvivingresiduaryheir,thesameshallrevertinitsentiretytothelonesharerortoallthesharersinproportion
to their respective shares. However, the husband or the wife shall
not be entitled to any part of
therevertedportionaslongasthereareothersharersordistantkindred.
ChapterThreeDISTANTKINDRED(DHAWULARHAM)
Article131.Relativesincluded.Distantkindredincludesthefollowing:
(a)Thedaughter'schildrenandthechildrenoftheson'sdaughterandtheirdescendants
(b)Theexcludedgrandfatherandtheexcludedgrandmother
(c)Thesister'schildren,thebrother'sdaughters,thesonsoftheuterinebrother,andtheirdescendantsand
(d)Thepaternalaunts,theuterineunclesandthematernalauntsanduncles.
Article 132. Extent and distribution of shares. In default of
all sharers and residuaries, the distant kindred
shallinherittheentirehereditaryestate,thesametobedistributedamongtheminaccordancewithArticles123and128.
TITLEIVSETTLEMENTANDPARTITIONOFESTATE
Article133.Administration.Theadministrationoftheestateofadecedentshall,forpurposesofsettlement,vestatthetimeofhisdeathintheexecutorappointedinthewillor,intheabsencethereof,inhisheiroradministratortowhomthecourthasgrantedlettersofadministration.
Article134.Governingschooloflaw.
(1)Ineverypetitionforprobateofwillorforthesettlementoftheestateofadescendent,allmattersrelatingtotheappointmentofadministrator,powersanddutiesofadministratororexecutor,thecourtshalltakeintoconsiderationtheschooloflaw(madhhab)ofthedecedent.
(2)Ifthedecedent'smadhhabisnotknown,theShafi'ischooloflawmaybegivenpreferencetogetherwiththespecialrulesofprocedureadoptedpursuanttothisCode.
Article135.Orderofpreferenceofclaims.Theestateofadecedentshallbeappliedtoclaimsandchargesinthefollowingorder:
(a)unpaidtaxes
(b)reasonablefuneralexpenses
(c)theexpensesforprobate,administrationandotherjudicialexpenses
(d)thedebtsofthedecedent
(e)thelegaciestotheextentofthedisposableonethird
(f)thedistributionofsharesamongheirsand
(g)unpaiddower.
Article136.Liabilityofheirs.Theliabilityoftheheirsofadecedentforthepaymentofthematter'sdebtsshallnotexceedthehereditaryestate.Eachheirshallbeliableonlyforthepaymentofthedecedent'sdebtinproportionto
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hisshare.
BOOKFOURADJUDICATIONANDSETTLEMENTOFDISPUTESANDRENDITIONOFLEGALOPINIONS
TITLEITHESAHRI'ACOURTS
Article137.Creation.Thereareherebycreatedaspartof the
judicialsystem,courtsof limited jurisdiction,
tobeknownrespectivelyasShari'aDistrictCourtsandShari'aCircuitCourts,whichshallexercisepowersandfunctionsinaccordancewiththisTitle.
Shari'acourtsandthepersonnelthereofshallbesubjecttotheadministrativesupervisionoftheSupremeCourt.
ChapterOneSHARI'ADISTRICTCOURTS
Article138.Shari'ajudicialdistricts.Fivespecialjudicialdistricts,eachtohaveoneShari'aDistrictCourtpresidedoverbyonejudge,areconstitutedasfollows:
(a)TheFirstShari'aDistrictshallcomprisetheProvinceofSulu
(b)TheSecondShari'aDistrict,theProvinceofTawiTawi
(c)TheThirdShari'aDistrict,theProvinceofBasilan,ZamboangadelNorteandZamboangadelSur,andtheCitiesofDipolog,PagadianandZamboanga
(d)TheFourthShari'aDistrict,theprovincesofLanaodelNorteandLanaodelSur,andtheCitiesofIliganandMarawiand
(e)TheFifthShari'aDistrict,theProvincesofMaguindanao,NorthCotabatoandSultanKudarat,andtheCityofCotabato
Article 139.Appointment of judges. The judicial function in
theShari'aDistrictCourts shall be vested
inShari'aDistrictjudgestobeappointedbythePresidentofthePhilippines.
Article 140. Qualifications. No person shall be appointed
Shari'a District judge unless, in addition to thequalifications for
judges of Courts of First Instance fixed in the Judiciary Law, he
is learned in Islamic law andjurisprudence.
Article141.Tenure.Shari'aDistrict judgesshallbeappointed
toserveduringgoodbehavioruntil they reach
theageofsixtyfiveyears,orbecomeincapacitatedtodischargethedutiesoftheiroffice,unlesssoonerremovedforthesamecausesandinthesamemannerprovidedbylawforjudgesofCourtsofFirstInstance.
Article 142.Compensation. Shari'a District judges shall receive
the same compensation and enjoy the
sameprivilegesasthejudgesofCourtsofFirstInstance.
Article143.Originaljurisdiction.
(1)TheShari'aDistrictCourtshallhaveexclusiveoriginaljurisdictionover:
(a)Allcasesinvolvingcustody,guardianship,legitimacy,paternityandfiliationarisingunderthisCode
(c)PetitionsforthedeclarationofabsenceanddeathandforthecancellationorcorrectionofentriesintheMuslimRegistriesmentionedinTitleVIofBookTwoofthisCode
(d) All actions arising from customary contracts in which the
parties are Muslims, if they have
notspecifiedwhichlawshallgoverntheirrelationsand
(e)Allpetitionsformandamus,prohibition,injunction,certiorari,habeascorpus,andallotherauxiliarywritsandprocessesinaidofitsappellatejurisdiction.
(2)Concurrentlywithexistingcivilcourts,theShari'aDistrictCourtshallhaveoriginaljurisdictionover:
(a)PetitionsbyMuslimsfortheconstitutionofafamilyhome,changeofnameandcommitmentofaninsanepersontoanasylum
(b)Allotherpersonalandrealactionsnotmentioned
inparagraph1(d)wherein theparties
involvedareMuslimsexceptthoseforforcibleentryandunlawfuldetainer,whichshallfallundertheexclusive
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originaljurisdictionoftheMunicipalCircuitCourtand
(c)AllspecialcivilactionsforinterpleaderordeclaratoryreliefwhereinthepartiesareMuslimsorthepropertyinvolvedbelongsexclusivelytoMuslims.
Article144.Appellatejurisdiction.
(1)Shari'aDistrictCourts shall haveappellate jurisdictionover
all cases tried in
theShari'aCircuitCourtswithintheirterritorialjurisdiction.
(2)TheShari'aDistrictCourtshalldecideeverycaseappealedtoitonthebasisoftheevidenceandrecordstransmittedaswellassuchmemoranda,briefsororalargumentsasthepartiesmaysubmit.
Article145.Finality of decision. Thedecisions of
theShari'aDistrictCourtswhether on appeal from
theShari'aCircuitCourtornotshallbefinal.NothinghereincontainedshallaffecttheoriginalandappellatejurisdictionoftheSupremeCourtasprovidedintheConstitution.
Article146.Clerksandothersubordinateemployees.Shari'aDistrictCourtsshallhavethesameofficersandotherpersonnelasthoseprovidedbylawforCourtsofFirstInstance.
The pertinent provisions of the Judiciary Law regarding the
number, qualifications, appointment,
compensation,functions,dutiesandothermattersrelativetothepersonneloftheCourtsofFirstInstanceshallapplytothoseoftheShari'aDistrictCourts.
Article147.Permanentstationsoffices.
(1)TheShari'aDistrictCourtsshallhavetheirrespectivepermanentstationsinthefollowingplaces:
(a)FirstShari'aDistrict,Jolo,Sulu
(b)SecondShari'aDistrict,Bongao,TawiTawi
(c)ThirdShari'aDistrict,ZamboangaCity
(d)FourthShari'aDistrict,MarawiCity
(e)FifthShari'aDistrict,CotabatoCity
(2)TheShari'aDistrictCourtsmayholdsessionsanywherewithintheirrespectivedistricts.
(3) The provinces, cities ormunicipalities concerned shall
provide such courts with adequate court
office,suppliesandequipmentinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheJudiciaryLaw.
Article148.Specialprocedure.TheShari'aDistrictCourtsshallbegovernedbysuchspecialrulesofprocedureastheSupremeCourtmaypromulgate.
Article149.Applicabilityofotherlaws.TheprovisionsofalllawsrelativetotheCourtsofFirstInstanceshall,insofarastheyarenotinconsistentwiththisCode,beapplicabletoShari'aDistrictCourts.
ChapterTwoSHARI'ACIRCUITCOURTS
Article150.Whereestablished.
(1)Shari'aCircuitCourtsshallbeestablishedasfollows:
(a)SixsuchcourtsintheProvinceofSulu
(b)EightintheProvinceofTawiTawi
(c)Ten inand for
theProvincesofBasilan,ZamboangadelNorteandZamboangadelSur,and
theCitiesofDipolog,Pagadian,andZamboanga
(d)TwelveinandfortheProvincesofLanaodelNorteandLanaodelSurandtheCitiesofIliganandMarawi
(e)FifteeninandfortheProvinceofMaguindanao,NorthCotabatoandSultanKudaratandtheCityofCotabato.
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(2)Theterritorialjurisdictionofeachofthe'Shari'aCircuitCourtsshallbefixedbytheSupremeCourtonthebasisofgeographicalcontiguityofthemunicipalitiesandcitiesconcernedandtheirMuslimpopulation.
Article151.Appointmentofjudges.EachShari'aCircuitCourtshallbepresidedoverbyaShari'aCircuitJudgetobeappointedbythePresidentofthePhilippines.
Article152.Qualifications.NopersonshallbeappointedjudgeoftheShari'aCircuitCourtunlessheisanaturalborncitizenofthePhilippines,atleasttwentyfiveyearsofage,andhaspassedanexaminationintheShari'aandIslamicjurisprudence(fiqh)tobegivenbytheSupremeCourtforadmissiontospecialmembershipinthePhilippineBartopracticeintheShari'aCourts.
Article153.Tenure.Shari'aCircuitjudgesshallbeappointedtoserveduringgoodbehavioruntiltheyreachtheageofsixtyfiveyearsorbecome
incapacitated todischarge thedutiesof theiroffice,unlesssooner
removed for
thesamecausesandinthesamemannerprovidedbylawforjudgesofMunicipalCircuitCourts.
Article 154.Compensation. Shari'a Circuit judges shall receive
the same compensation and enjoy the
sameprivilegesasjudgesofMunicipalCircuitCourts.
Article155.Jurisdiction.TheShari'aCircuitCourtsshallhaveexclusiveoriginaljurisdictionover
(1)AllcasesinvolvingoffensesdefinedandpunishedunderthisCode.
(2)AllcivilactionsandproceedingsbetweenpartieswhoareMuslimsorhavebeenmarriedinaccordancewithArticle13involvingdisputesrelatingto:
(a)Marriage
(b)DivorcerecognizedunderthisCode
(c)Betrothalorbreachofcontracttomarry
(d)Customarydower(mahr)
(e)Dispositionanddistributionofpropertyupondivorce
(f)Maintenanceandsupport,andconsolatorygifts,(mut'a)and
(g)Restitutionofmaritalrights.
(3)Allcasesinvolvingdisputesrelativetocommunalproperties.
Article156.Clerksandothersubordinateemployees.
(1) Shari'a Circuit Courts shall have the same officers and
other personnel as those provided by law
forMunicipalCircuitCourts.
(2) The pertinent provisions of the Judiciary Law regarding the
number, qualifications, appointment,compensation,
functions,dutiesandothermatters relative to thepersonnelof
theMunicipalCircuitCourtsshallapplytothoseoftheShari'aCircuitCourts.
Article157.Placeof sessions stations. Shari'aCircuitCourtmayhold
session anywherewithin their
respectivecircuits,buteachshallhaveaprincipalstationtobefixedbytheSupremeCourt.
Article158.Specialprocedure.TheShari'aCircuitCourtsshallbegovernedbysuchspecialrulesofprocedureastheSupremeCourtmaypromulgate.
Article159.Applicabilityofother laws.Theprovisionsofall laws
relative toMunicipalCircuitCourtsshall, to
theextentthattheyarenotinconsistentwiththisCode,beapplicabletotheShari'aCircuitCourts.
TITLEIITHEAGAMAARBITRATIONCOUNCIL
Article160.Constitution.TheShari'aDistrictCourtortheShari'aCircuitCourtmay,inappropriatecases,constituteanAgamaArbitrationCouncilinthemannerspecifiedinthisTitle.
Article161.Divorcebytalagandtafwid.
(1) AnyMuslimmalewho has pronounced a talag shall, without
delay, file with theClerk of Court of
theShari'aCircuitCourtoftheplacewherehisfamilyresidesawrittennoticeofsuchfactandthecircumstances
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attendedthereto,afterhavingservedacopythereof
tothewifeconcerned.Thetalagpronouncedshallnotbecome irrevocable
until after the expiration of the prescribed 'idda. The notice
filed shall be conclusiveevidencethattalaghasbeenpronounced.
(2)Withinsevendaysfromreceiptofnotice,theClerkofCourtshallrequireeachofthepartiestonominatearepresentative.TherepresentativesshallbeappointedbytheCourt
toconstitute,
togetherwiththeClerkofCourtasChairman,anAgamaArbitrationCouncil.TheAgamaArbitrationCouncilshallsubmittotheCourtareportontheresultofthearbitration,onthebasisofwhichandsuchotherevidenceasmaybeallowed,theCourtshallissuethecorrespondingorder.
(3)Theprovisionsofthisarticleshallbeobservedshouldthewifeexercisetafwid.
Article162.Subsequentmarriages.AnyMuslimhusbanddesiringtocontractasubsequentmarriageshall,beforesodoing,fileawrittennoticethereofwiththeClerkofCourtoftheShari'aCircuitCourtoftheplacewherehisfamilyresides.Uponreceiptofsaidnotice,theClerkshallserveacopythereoftothewifeorwives.Shouldanyofthemobject,anAgamaArbitrationCouncilshallbeconstitutedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofparagraph(2)oftheprecedingarticle.
If theAgamaArbitrationCouncil fails toobtain thewife'sconsent to
theproposedmarriage,
theCourtshall,subjecttoArticle27,decidedwhetherornottosustainherobjection.
Article 163. Offenses against customary law. The Shari'a Circuit
Court, in cases involving offenses againstcustomary
lawwhichcanbesettledwithout formal trial,may,at
itsdiscretion,direct theShari'aClerkofCourt toconstitute a council
of not less than two normore than fourmembers,with him as chairman,
to settle the caseamicably.
TITLEIIIJURISCONSULTINISLAMICLAW
Article164.Creationofofficeandappointment.
(a)ThereshallbeaJurisconsult in Islamic
law,whoshallbeappointedby thePresidentof
thePhilippinesandholdoffice for a termof
sevenyears,withoutprejudice to reappointment, unless sooner removed
forcauseorincapacitatedtodischargethedutiesofhisoffice.
(b)TheOfficeoftheJurisconsultshallbeundertheadministrativesupervisionoftheSupremeCourtofthePhilippineswhichshallalsofixitspermanentstation,preferablyintheCityofZamboanga.
Article165.Qualifications.NopersonshallbeappointedJurisconsult
in IslamicLawunlesshe isacitizenof
thePhilippines,atleastfortyyearsofage,ofgoodmoralcharacterandprovenintegrity,andaneminentscholarintheQur'anandHadithandinIslamicjurisprudenceaswellasproficientinArabic.
Article166.Functions.
(1)TheJurisconsultshall,on thewritten requestofany
interestedparty,have theauthority to render
legalopinions,basedonrecognizedauthorities,regardinganyquestionrelatingtoMuslimLaw.Forthispurpose,hemay,ifhedeemsitnecessary,consultoraskforaconsensusofthe'ulama.
(2)TheJurisconsultshallconsiderandactoneverysuchrequestunless,inhisopinionandforgoodreason,thequestionneednotbeanswered.
(3)TheOfficeoftheJurisconsultshallkeepacompilationandcausethepublicationofallhislegalopinions.
Article167.Compensation.Untilotherwiseprovidedbylaw,theJurisconsultshallreceiveanannualcompensationoffortyeightthousandpesoswhichshallnotbediminishedduringhistermofoffice.
Article168.Officepersonnel.TheJurisconsultmay, inaccordancewith
theCivilServiceLawandsubject to
theapprovaloftheSupremeCourt,appointandfixthecompensationofsuchpersonnelasmaybenecessaryfortheperformanceofhisfunctions.
BOOKFIVEMISCELLANEOUSANDTRANSITORYPROVISIONS
TITLEIMUSLIMHOLIDAYS
Article169.OfficialMuslimholidays.ThefollowingareherebyrecognizedaslegalMuslimholidays:
(a)'AmunJadid(NewYear),whichfallsonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthofMuharram
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(b)MaulidunNabi (Birthday of the ProphetMuhammad), which falls
on the twelfth day of the third lunarmonthofRabiulAwwal
(c)LailatulIsraWalMi'raj(NocturnalJourneyandAscensionoftheProphetMuhammad),whichfallsonthetwentyseventhdayoftheseventhlunarmonthofRajab
(d) 'IdulFitr (Hari Raya Pausa), which falls on the first day of
the tenth lunar month of
Shawwal,commemoratingtheendofthefastingseasonand
(e)'IdulAdha(HariRajaHaji),whichfallsonthetenthdayofthetwelfthlunarmonthofDhu1Hijja.
Article170.Provincesandcitieswhereofficiallyobserved.
(1)MuslimholidaysshallbeofficiallyobservedintheProvincesofBasilan,LanaodelNorte,LanaodelSur,Maguindanao,NorthCotabato,SultanKudarat,Sulu,TawiTawi,ZamboangadelNorteandZamboangadelSur,
and in the Cities of Cotabato, Iligan, Marawi, Pagadian, and
Zamboanga and in such other
Muslimprovincesandcitiesasmayhereafterbecreated.
(2)UponproclamationbythePresidentofthePhilippines,Muslimholidaysmayalsobeofficiallyobservedinotherprovincesandcities.
Article171.Datesofobservance.ThedatesofMuslimholidaysshallbedeterminedbytheOfficeofthePresidentofthePhilippinesinaccordancewiththeMuslimLunarCalendar(Hijra).
Article172.ObservanceofMuslimemployees.
(1)AllMuslimgovernmentofficialsandemployeesinplacesotherthanthoseenumeratedunderArticle170shallalsobeexcusedfromreportingtoofficeinorderthattheymaybeabletoobserveMuslimholidays.
(2)ThePresidentofthePhilippinesmay,byproclamation,requireprivateoffices,agenciesorestablishmentstoexcusetheirMuslimemployeesfromreportingforworkduringaMuslimholidaywithoutreductionintheirusualcompensation.
TITLEIICOMMUNALPROPERTY
Article173.Whatconstitute.Thefollowingarecommunalproperties:
(a) Customary heirloom, which shall include artifacts and
ancestral implements or things of cultural
valuehandeddownfromacommonancestor
(b) Ancestral property, which shall comprehend hallowed
ancestral plot, ancestral shrine, royal court,
andsimilarpropertiesand
(c)charitabletrustproperty.
Article174.Administrationordisposition.
(1)Exceptasotherwiseprovided in
thisCode,communalpropertyshallbeadministeredordisposedof
inaccordancewithMuslimlaw,'ada,andspecialprovisionsoflaw.
(2)Anyprovisionofexistinglawtothecontrarynotwithstanding,thetrusteeofanycommunalpropertyshallbethepersonwhoisinlawfulpossessionthereof,eitherpersonallyorthroughanagent.
(3)TheShari'aCircuitCourtmayappointatrusteeofacommunalpropertywhenthereisadisputeastoitscustody,possession,oradministration.
TITLEIIICUSTOMARYCONTRACTS
Article175.Howconstrued.Any transactionwherebyonepersondelivers
toanotherany realestate,plantation,orchard or any fruitbearing
property by virtue of sanda, sanla, arindao, or similar customary
contract, shall
beconstruedasamortgage(rihan)inaccordancewithMuslimlaw.
TITLEIVCONVERSIONS
Article176.EffectofregistrationofconversiontoIslam.
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(1)Registrationofaperson'sconversiontoIslamshallconstituteaprimafacieproofthatheprofessesIslam.
(2)WhoeverdisputestheprofessionorrenunciationofIslambyanypersonshallhavetheburdenofprovingthecontrary.
Article 177.Regulation on conversion. No conversion of a minor
below the age of eighteen years shall
beregisteredbytheDistrictorCircuitRegistrarwithoutthewrittenconsentorpermissionof
theparentsorguardian,exceptwhensuchminorhasbeenemancipatedfrompaternalauthorityinaccordancewithlaw.
Article178.EffectofconversiontoIslamonmarriage.TheconversionofnonMuslimspousestoIslamshallhavethelegaleffectofratifyingtheirmarriageasif
thesamehadbeenperformedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisCodeorMuslimlaw,providedthatthereisnolegalimpedimenttothemarriageunderMuslimlaw.
Article 179. Effect of change of religion. The change of
religion by a Muslim shall not have the effect
ofextinguishinganyobligationorliabilitywhatsoeverincurredpriortosaidchange.
TITLEVPENALPROVISIONS
ChapterOneRULEOFBIGAMY
Article180.Lawapplicable. Theprovisionsof theRevisedPenalCode
relative to the crimeof bigamyshall
notapplytoapersonmarriedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisCodeor,beforeitseffectivity,underMuslimlaw.
ChapterTwoSPECIFICOFFENSES
Article 181. Illegal solemnization ofmarriage. Any person who
shall, without authority, solemnize anymarriagepurportedlyunder
thisCode,or shall doso inamanner contrary to theprovisions thereof,
shall
bepunishedbyimprisonmentofnotlessthantwomonthsbutnotmorethantwoyears,orafineofnotlessthantwohundredpesosbutnotmorethantwothousandpesos,orboth,inthediscretionofthecourt.
Article182.Marriagebeforeexpirationof
'idda.Anywidowordivorcedwomanwho,havingbeenmarriedunderMuslimlaworunderthiscode,contractsanothermarriagebeforetheexpirationoftheprescribed'iddashallsufferthepenaltyofafinenotexceedingfivehundredpesos.
Article183.Offenses relative to subsequentmarriage, divorce, and
revocation of divorce. A personwho falls
tocomplywiththerequirementsofArticles85,161,and162ofthisCodeshallbepenalizedbyarrestomayororafineofnotlessthantwohundredpesosbutnotmorethantwothousandpesos,orboth,inthediscretionofthecourt.
Article184.Failuretoreportforregistration.Exceptasprovidedinthearticleimmediatelypreceding,apersonwhoknowinglyfails
toperformhisdutyunderthisCodetoreport
forregistrationanyfactconcerningthecivilstatusofpersonsshallbepunishedbyafineofnotlessthanonehundredpesosbutnotmorethanonethousandpesos.
Article185.Neglectofdutybyregistrars.AnydistrictregistrarorcircuitregistrarwhofailstoperformproperlyhisdutiesinaccordancewiththisCodeshallbepenalizedinaccordancewithSection18ofAct3753.
TITLEVITRANSITORYANDFINALPROVISIONS
Article186.Effectofcodeonpastacts.(1)ActsexecutedpriortotheeffectivityofthisCodeshallbegovernedbythelawsinforceatthetimeoftheirexecution,andnothinghereinexceptasotherwisespecificallyprovided,shallaffecttheirvalidityorlegalityoroperatetoextinguishanyrightacquiredorliabilityincurredthereby.
(2)AmarriagecontractedbyaMuslimmalepriortotheeffectivityofthisCodeinaccordancewithnonMuslimlaw
shall be considered as one contracted under Muslim law provided the
spouses register their mutualdesiretothiseffect.
Article 187.ApplicabilityClause. TheCivil Code of the
Philippines, the Rules of Court and other existing
laws,insofarastheyarenotinconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthisCode,shallbeappliedsuppletorily.
Article188.Separabilityclause. If, forany
reason,anyarticleorprovisionof thisCode isheld tobe invalid,
thesameshallnotaffecttheotherarticlesorprovisionshereof.
Article189.Repealingclause.Alllaws,proclamations,executiveorders,rulesandregulations,oranypartthereof,inconsistentwithprovisionsofthisCodeareherebycorrespondinglymodifiedorrepealed.
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Article190.Effectivity.ThisCodeshalltakeeffectimmediately.
DONEintheCityofManilathis4thdayofFebruaryintheyearofOurLordnineteenhundredandseventyseven.
TheLawphilProjectArellanoLawFoundationTheLawphilProjectArellanoLawFoundation