PCD Objective 6.02 Understand the cognitive and moral development of children ages 3-6.
Jan 17, 2016
PCD
Objective 6.02
Understand the cognitive and moral development of children ages 3-6.
Theories of Cognitive Development
What does Cognitive really mean?– Intellectual thinking– Using your brain– Logical thinking
Using commonsense
What is a Theory?
Speculation Hypothesis Guess Assumption
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What is a Theorist?
Philosopher Truth-seeker Thinker Academic Dreamer
http://www.math.hmc.edu/~tucker/math104/graphics/thinking-cap.gif
Why do we need to learn about Theories?
We study Child Development Theorist Because they studied how children learn, grow,
and play We study children Therefore we will learn about what these theorist
believe to be TRUE about children’s developmental growth
To help us better understand CHILDREN!!!
What Child Developmental Theorist do we study?
1. Howard Gardner1. 8 Multiple Intelligences
2. Jean Piaget1. 4 stages of development
3. Lev Vygotsky1. Learning is social based
4. Maria Montessori1. Children learn thru using the 5 senses, hands-on
5. Kohlberg1. Moral Development-6 stages
6. Bronfenbrenner1. Moral Orientation (direction)-5 stages
Can you guess each theorist?
1. Piaget
2. Maria Montessori
3. Kohlberg
4. Bronfenbrenner
5. Vygotsky
6. Gardner
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Howard Gardner
Theory: – 8 Multiple (many) Intelligences (way you think and learn)
Linguistic intelligence– sensitive to and able to easily understand and use language
Logical-mathematical intelligence– able to easily perform math operations and scientific thinking
Spatial intelligence– able to easily interpret and construct three-dimensional forms in space
Musical intelligence– recognize and learn musical rhythms, beats, and patterns easily
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence– use mind to coordinate body movements
Interpersonal intelligence– understand the intentions, desires and motivations of others
Intrapersonal intelligence– understand oneself, including fears, hopes, and motivations
Naturalist intelligence– drawing from the environment, from nature
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Jean Piaget
He has 4 stages– We discussed his 1st stage when we learned about Infants
Sensorimotor--Infant’s learn from their 5 senses and moving Ages 2-7=Preoperational Period Theory: Child think in terms of their own activities and what
they perceive at the moment.
Make-believe play– Imitate real life situations
Use of symbols– Objects and words can be symbols
Egocentric viewpoint– View world in terms of their own thoughts and feelings
Limited focus– Make decisions based on own perceptions
Lev Vygotsky’s
Theory: Learning is socially based
– Parents, teachers and peers promote learning– Children play key roles in their own education – Teachers should collaborate with students rather than
lecture– Students should collaborate with each other– Classroom would have tables for teamwork and small
group learning
Maria Montessori
Theory: Children would learn naturally if placed in a prepared learning environment with the appropriate learning games.
Play games to learn how to write and strengthen muscles of the hands and fingers before writing
Focuses on the development of the senses, language and motor skills with a view to prepare a child’s mind and body for future learning.
Classroom is designed so students can learn by themselves
“Learning stations” arranged by subject area
Materials are within reach of children
Teacher allow independence– Never interrupting a student engaged in a task
Using the word “work” instead of “play” helps a child develop a sense of worth
Recommendations to support Cognitive Development
Experiences shared with adults form the basis for children’s learning
Talk with children about their world and what they are doing
Ask children questions that help them think about experiences in new ways and focus on process of play
Explanations and suggestions are helpful Asking child’s advice promotes learning Trips and activities are important for learning Helping around the house provides great learning
activities
Reading
Books provide an opportunity to learn about and understand the world.
Children who enjoy reading will find learning easier and more fun Reading to children helps them associate reading with fun The ability to hear phonemes is important (ou in house)---rhyming
words help develop phonemes awareness When reading a familiar book to a child stop and let child fill in
sounds Words that repeat the same sounds are called alliterations and
they help develop phonemes After learning sounds, a child can associate the sound with the
letter– Important step in learning to read
Children who are bilingual (Speaks 2 languages) find it easier to learn to read.
Introducing Art & Music
Art helps children express their feelings, develop fine motor skills, and express their creativity.
Children should be encouraged to experiment with art materials without being corrected or criticized.
Asking a child about their work helps develop verbal skills.
Playing simple instruments helps develop child’s interest in music.
Children are intrigued by rhythm.
Moral Development
Learning & Understanding– Difference between Right Vs. Wrong– Reasons behind rules
Developing a conscience– Principles– Ethics– Different between right and wrong
“Let you conscience be your guide”– Who said this? 5 points extra credit on 6.02 test if you name the
character?
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/teachers_resources/images/jiminy_140x143.gif
Pinocchio's very own Jiminy Cricket sang that song in the movie.– He was reminding Pinocchio to make the right
choice’s or his nose would grow very long if he told a lie!
REMEMBER NOW????
Kohlberg
Theory: Moral Development-6 stages– Right from wrong
Law and order– Egocentric
What is right is what benefits the self– Approval
Individual seeks to do what is right to gain the approval of others– Rules of behavior
Seeks to abide by the law and fulfill his or her duty– The individual better understands the feelings of others and
develop a genuine interest in their welfare– Moral maturity
A person must be able to recognize a person’s point of view.
Bronfenbrenner
Theory: Moral Orientation (direction)-5 stages– Self-oriented morality
wants to satisfy personal needs and desires
– Authority-orientated morality accepts decisions of authority figures about what’s good and bad
– Peer-orientated morality accepts decisions of peers about what’s right and wrong in order to
conform
– Collective-oriented morality places the group’s goals and interests over personal interests
– Objectively-oriented morality accepts universal values without regard to criticism or differing opinions
from some individuals
Recommendations to Support Moral Development
1. Set clear standards of behavior2. Respond to inappropriate behavior3. Talk about mistakes in private4. Understand that children will test the limits5. Consider the child’s age and abilities6. It is a life long task to learn self-discipline7. Continue to show love despite behavior8. Model moral behavior9. Children learn to follow an example10. Do not send mixed messages.11. Pick up language and speech patterns from others12. Learn that others live by different rules
13. TV, movies, and other media also become role models
Cognitive Developmental MilestonesMatching GAME
You will receive a developmental milestone You will need to decide what age that milestone
would fall under– 3 year olds– 4 year olds– 5 year olds– 6 year olds
Cognitive Developmental Milestones of Children 3-6
3 yr. olds 4 yr. olds 5 yr. olds 6 yr. olds
- Uses longer sentences than younger children
- Knows about 900 words
- Follows two-part directions
- Sorts by color and shape
- Speaks in complete sentences of five to six words
- Makes up stories- Asks many when,
where, how, and why questions
- Understands three-step directions
- Knows colors and shapes
- Understands same and different, top and bottom
- Uses 6-8 word sentences with correct grammar
- Understands about 13,000 words
- Learns alphabet and many letter sounds
- Recalls part of a story
- Counts up to ten objects and can sort by size
- Understands above and below, before and after
- Reads words and simple sentences
- Writes simple words
- Solves problems more effectively
- Plays pretend games
- Has longer attention span
- Understands right and left and additional time concepts
PCDSample Test Questions
Objective 6.02 Understand the cognitive and moral development of children ages three through six.
How are the cognitive characteristics of a three-year-old different from a six-year-old?
A. Six-year-olds can solve problems; three-year-olds can sort red and blue blocks.
B. Six-year-olds recognize about 1300 words; three-year-olds recognize 200 words.
C. Three-year-olds can follow directions with two parts; six-year olds cannot.
D. Three-year-olds know colors and shapes; six-year-olds do not.
Answer = A
Which is an example of a preschooler in the preoperational period?
Five-year-old Tom:
A. pushes a box as an imaginary truck.
B. has to have the approval of his parents.
C. does not do creative activities.
D. likes to do what others do.
Answer = A
Five-year-old Davis enjoys being with his friend Briggs, who likes to do similar things as Davis.
Which type of multiple intelligences does this illustrate?
A. Interpersonal
B. Intrapersonal
C. Linguistic
D. Logical-mathematical
Answer = A
Any Questions??????????
The End!!!! YAH!!!!