PBL – CASE 2
PBL – CASE 2
SYSTEM DESIGN § Information system will be built by the project
team from scratch, to be flexible and creative in the way to solve business problem.
§ System design can be divided into general systems design and detailed system design.
§ General System Design is the stage where an overall system design is created or made and this may include the software to use whether it can be purchased off the shelf and software requires to be developed. ú Hattan does not need to start from scratch seeing
that there is plethora of accounting software available.
Cont.. § Detailed System Design also known as physical
system design, whereby it is an extension of general design. This is the stage where system design is finely tuned. ú From the case, we understood that management needs
weekly reports and only monthly transactions are recorded
§ During this detailed design, input , output, interface between users and the computer, database, network, program and controls are defined and documented
§ There are several ways to approach the creation of a new system: ú Buy ready-‐made package software system and customize
it ú Outsourcing ú End user development
Cont…
§ In this case study, Hattan’s Uncle insist to develop an internal system. Hattan decide to build the system using Ms Access that he learns from the AIS course. To build the system Hattan must have the project team.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF PROJECT TEAM § People who involve in developing information
system for examples; ú Users, business analyst, system analyst, infrastructure
analyst, change management analyst and project manager
§ End users ú End user will be directly interact with the information
system ú They supply data and receive information from the
information system Cik JM – is an accounts clerk will use the information system more than other user
She will directly supply data and receive information from the information system
Cont…
§ Business Analyst ú Will plan the design and design the phases in
analysing the business aspects and issues surrounding the information system
ú Most of business analyst will likely have business experience and some type of professional training Cik Nona – is an Account Manager of Hattan’s Uncle Business
She might be the business analyst because she knows everything about the company’s procedure and policies
She also has more experiences and professional training in accounting
Cont..
§ Systems Analyst ú Focuses on improving business processes, design information system and create new business processes and ensure it comply with the standard Hattan – who has an accounting background He realized that the company needs a proper information system regarding to the uncollectible debts
He also the one who suggest to Cik Nona about the needs of the company to computerised the billing and collection system
Cont..
§ Infrastructure Analyst ú Identifies and implement infrastructure changes on issues e.g hardware, software, database and network
ú Has significant training and experience on information technology Ah Beng – who own a consultancy company can be the infrastructure analyst for this project
Since the company do not have an expert in IT, they should hire Ah Beng because he has more knowledge about IT and can be monitor the infrastructure changes on technical issues.
Cont.. § Change Management Analyst
ú Focus on people and management issues. ú Must have significant training and experience in
organizational behaviour in general The company should hire other people to ensure that adequate documentation and support is available to users, providing user training on the new system and developing strategies to overcome resistance to change
§ Project Manager ú Monitoring the whole project development from the
beginning to the end Hattan – since Hattan found out the problem in the company and suggests to the company to develop a system, he is preferable to be a project manager
He is going to prepare a proposal to be accepted by his uncle. So, he will monitor all works from the start to the end.
Cont..
§ Advantages using the End User Develop: ú Is reduce the communication problem ú Development is speeded up ú Reduce of users changing their requirement during the
development process § Disadvantages
ú Not allow the end user to develop systems that will affect other parts of the information systems or other end user in the organization
ú The end user are restricted to use PC based applications limited to their department
ú The system is not integrated into the organization’s information processing.
Designing database
§ Important to determine the purpose of the database ú To solve the main problem of the case where the
company facing a huge uncollectable bills and the number keeps increasing.
§ To identify the entities and determine the types of relationship that exist among the entities
§ To Draw the Entity Relationship Diagram and convert it into a relational database involves creating tables for each entity, identifying attributes for each table and normalizing the table.
DATABASE DESIGN GUIDELINES
§ Determine the purpose of the database ú The purpose of creating this database is to record all the data systematically
ú To update the information consistently ú Creating a medium of effective interaction between entity and customers could be established
Cont.. § Identify the entities
ú Entity is any class of objects about which data and information are collected.
ú It can be person (employee), Place, thing (Product) or an event (sale).
ú Entities in the Entity Relationship Diagram use rectangular symbols and are labelled with singular nouns.
ú Examples:
Cont.. § Determine the relationships among entities
ú Relationships are used to describe how entities are associated.
ú There are three types of relationships that exist between entities. There are; One – to – one (1:1)
One –to-‐many (1:M)
Many-‐to-‐many
Cont..
§ Draw the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ú Graphically shows the various entities and the important or the relationships among other entities.
ú Acting as communication tools between users and the database designer
ú Examples;
1. Product
Account
2. Customer
Sales Order 4. Invoices
Product Detail
Own
Sales by
Consist of
Generates
Has
Acquire
Perform by
3. Sales Person
Electrical App
Furniture
4. Invoices
Primary Keys
§ These are the primary keys for given table:
* Customer ID
* Product ID
* Sales Person ID
Salesperson Form § Given form will display the photo ID, Name,
Address, Contact No, Start date and Basic Pay for the specific person.
Customer Form § Enables to view customer information as given:
Product Form § Enables to record new product and update record on existing product.
Sales Form § Resembles an invoice and auto filled which makes the processing of the invoice easier.
Queries Form § Based on the given queries, report can be generate and be use for decision making.
Queries Form § Based on the given queries, report can be generate and be use for decision making.
How Much is the total sales recorded by each product and the total sales amount for the month? Sales Report given:
How much is the total sales amount recorded by each salesperson in a particular month? Sales commission given
below:
Commission For Sales Person For The Month
Commission For The Month
List of all unpaid invoices
List of unpaid invoices: with a checked-‐box placed next to the list.
Invoice for Customer
Invoice for Customer
Product Report listing all the available product group (according to categories)
Customer Report : in alphabetical order
User Interface
§ User interface design requires an understanding of Human-‐Computer Interaction (HCI) and user-‐centered design principles.
§ Also help user to navigate the system. § Below are switchboard given that links to the forms, queries and reports:
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