Pax Romana Pax Romana Roman Peace Roman Peace
Jan 13, 2016
Pax RomanaPax Romana
Roman PeaceRoman Peace
Begins with the rule of Augustus Begins with the rule of Augustus CaesarCaesar
www.uoregon.edu/~arthist/arthist_204/monumentimages/primaporta_augustus.www.uoregon.edu/~arthist/arthist_204/monumentimages/primaporta_augustus.gifgif
Defeats forces of Defeats forces of Marc Antony and Marc Antony and CleopatraCleopatra
Solidifies power Solidifies power around 27 B.C.around 27 B.C.
Becomes “Emperor Becomes “Emperor of Rome”of Rome”
Pax RomanaPax RomanaEconomic ImpactEconomic Impact
Established uniform system of money Established uniform system of money - expands trade- expands trade
Guaranteed safe travel and trade in Guaranteed safe travel and trade in empireempire– Army - Roman legionsArmy - Roman legions– Great road system - 50,000 miles of Great road system - 50,000 miles of
highwayhighway– Promoted prosperityPromoted prosperity
Pax RomanaPax RomanaSocial ImpactSocial Impact
Returned stability of social classesReturned stability of social classes Increased emphasis on familyIncreased emphasis on family
Pax RomanaPax RomanaPolitical ImpactPolitical Impact
Created Civil ServiceCreated Civil Service Developed uniform rule of lawDeveloped uniform rule of law
– 12 Tables12 Tables
Rulers of Pax RomanaRulers of Pax Romana
Julian Rulers (14-68 A.D.)Julian Rulers (14-68 A.D.)
Army Rulers (68-69 A.D.)Army Rulers (68-69 A.D.)
Flavian Rulers (69-96 A.D.)Flavian Rulers (69-96 A.D.)
Five Good Emperors (96-Five Good Emperors (96-180 A.D.)180 A.D.)
Julian RulersJulian Rulers
All descendents of Julius All descendents of Julius CaesarCaesar
NeroNerothepaolas.com/Emperors/Emperors/Scans/Nero.jpgthepaolas.com/Emperors/Emperors/Scans/Nero.jpg
Rules from 54-68 A.D.Rules from 54-68 A.D. Good administrator Good administrator
but viciousbut vicious– Responsible for many Responsible for many
murders including his murders including his own motherown mother
– Rebuild Rome after Rebuild Rome after great fire – possibly set great fire – possibly set by Nero to persecute by Nero to persecute ChristiansChristians
– Had Peter (crucifixion) Had Peter (crucifixion) and Paul (beheaded) and Paul (beheaded) executedexecuted
Five Good EmperorsFive Good Emperors
NervaNerva (96-98) (96-98) TrajanTrajan (98-117) – Rome expands to (98-117) – Rome expands to
greatest extentgreatest extent Hadrian Hadrian (117-138) – Solidified conquests (117-138) – Solidified conquests
and set up postal service – Hadrian’s walland set up postal service – Hadrian’s wall Antoninius PiusAntoninius Pius (138-161) (138-161) Marcus AureliusMarcus Aurelius (161-180) Barbaric (161-180) Barbaric
invasions begin – Pax Romana dies with invasions begin – Pax Romana dies with himhim
Roman Empire Begins Roman Empire Begins DeclineDecline
Spiral starts after the Spiral starts after the death of Marcus Aurelliusdeath of Marcus Aurellius
Fall of the Roman Fall of the Roman EmpireEmpire
Begins with rule of Begins with rule of Commodus, Marcus Commodus, Marcus
Aurelius’ sonAurelius’ son
Three Stages of DeclineThree Stages of Decline
1.1. ““Crisis of the Third Century” – many Crisis of the Third Century” – many economic, military, and political economic, military, and political problemsproblems
2.2. Time of revival – empire cut into Time of revival – empire cut into two halves (Eastern half is two halves (Eastern half is strengthened but West continues strengthened but West continues spiral)spiral)
3.3. Western half falls to Barbaric Western half falls to Barbaric invadersinvaders
Crisis Weakens EmpireCrisis Weakens Empire
Contributing FactorsContributing Factors
Economic DecayEconomic Decay
Poor HarvestsPoor Harvests Disrupted trade (Barbarians)Disrupted trade (Barbarians) No more plunder from warsNo more plunder from wars Gold and Silver drainGold and Silver drain InflationInflation Crushing tax burdenCrushing tax burden
Political DecayPolitical Decay
Political office seen as burden, not Political office seen as burden, not rewardreward
Military interference in politicsMilitary interference in politics Civil War and unrestCivil War and unrest Division of EmpireDivision of Empire Moving capital to ByzantiumMoving capital to Byzantium
Military DecayMilitary Decay
Threat from Persians and barbariansThreat from Persians and barbarians Low funds for defenseLow funds for defense Problems recruiting Roman citizens – Problems recruiting Roman citizens –
recruiting of Barbariansrecruiting of Barbarians Decline of patriotism an loyalty Decline of patriotism an loyalty
among soldiersamong soldiers
Social DecaySocial Decay
Lack of interest in public affairsLack of interest in public affairs Low confidence in empireLow confidence in empire Disloyalty, lack of patriotism, Disloyalty, lack of patriotism,
corruptioncorruption Contrast between rich and poorContrast between rich and poor
Immediate Causes of Immediate Causes of FallFall
Pressure from the HunsPressure from the Huns
Invasion by Germanic Invasion by Germanic tribes and by Hunstribes and by Huns
Fall of Roman EmpireFall of Roman Empire(only a movement in reality)(only a movement in reality)
Conquests by BarbariansConquests by Barbarians
Sack of RomeSack of Rome
Important Emperors of Important Emperors of The MoveThe Move
DiocletianDiocletianwww.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk/diocletian.jpgwww.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk/diocletian.jpg
Rules 284-305Rules 284-305 Split empire in two Split empire in two
parts – takes parts – takes control of Eastern control of Eastern empire and names empire and names some else to rule some else to rule the western halfthe western half
Tries to stop Tries to stop decline – somewhat decline – somewhat successfulsuccessful
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ConstantineConstantinewww.mingyuen.edu.hk/history/5rome/03king/constantine.jpgwww.mingyuen.edu.hk/history/5rome/03king/constantine.jpg
First Christian First Christian emperor on Empireemperor on Empire
Reunites both Reunites both halves of empirehalves of empire
Moves capital from Moves capital from Rome to Rome to Constantinople Constantinople (Byzantium) (Byzantium)
TheodosiusTheodosius
Make Christianity Make Christianity the official religion the official religion of the Roman of the Roman EmpireEmpire
Invading Barbarian InvadersInvading Barbarian Invaders
Goths (Ostrogoths / Visagoths)Goths (Ostrogoths / Visagoths) FranksFranks VandalsVandals SaxonsSaxons BurgundiansBurgundians LombardsLombards
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Important InvadersImportant Invaders
Attila the HunAttila the Hun