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paulland

Mar 11, 2016

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Page 1: paulland
Page 2: paulland

IBM  is  perhaps  the  most  recognized  name  in  the  field  of  IT  products  and  services.  But,  people  may  not  realize  that  it  was  not      IBM  when  it  started  its  opera>ons  in  1888.  Its  name  then  was  the  Interna>onal  Time  Recording  Company  (ITR),  whose  major  products  were  mechanical  >me  recorders,  invented  and  patented  by  William  L.  Bundy.  This  is  ITR’s  ini>al  logo  with  its  ini>al  leHers,  ITR,  inscribed  on  it.    

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•  In  1891,  ITR  decided  to  make  changes  in  its  logo  again  and  came  up  with  this.  The  changes  they  made  were  quite  complex  and  the  logo  was  not  easy  to  understand  at  a  glance.  Nevertheless  this  logo  lasted  for  20  years  >ll  they  made  a  merger  with  another  company.    

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•  Later  in  1911,  ITR  was  merged  with  the  Compu>ng-­‐Tabula>ng-­‐Recording  Company  and  as  a  result  the  company  had  to  modify  the  logo.  Clearly  companies  must  alter  their  logos  to  reflect  the  changes  they  are  undergoing  and  the  evolving  IBM  is  a  really  good  example.  When  one  company  merges  with  another  company,  they  need  to  create  a  new  iden>ty  to  signal  the  change  to  the  rest  of  the  world.  

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•  However,  in  1924,  the  company  wished  to  signal  an  expanded  business  role.  The  ornate,  rococo  leHers  that  formed  the  ‘CTR’  logo  were  replaced  by  the  words  ‘Interna>onal  Business  Machines’  which  were  wriHen  in  more  contemporary  sans-­‐serif  type  font.  The  design  of  it  was  arranged  to  have  the  look  of  a  globe,  which  confirmed  the  company’s  inten>on  to  be  ‘Interna>onal’.    

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•  Over  20  years  later  in  1947,  Interna>onal  Business  Machines  (IBM)  decided  to  eliminate  the  globe  from  its  logo.  Besides  this,  they  also  had  a  major  change  in  their  business;  they  expanded  from  the  punched-­‐card  tabula>ng  business  to  the  new  world  of  computers.  The  typeface  of  this  logo  was  called  Beton  Bold.  The  logo  was  cut  short  to  IBM  alone.    

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•  A[er  9  years,  in  1956,  Thomas  J.  Watson  appointed  Tom  Watson  Jr.  as  the  CEO.  As  soon  as  he  took  over,  he  decided  to  change  the  logo  of  the  company.  He  hired  Paul  Rand,    who  was  a  famous  logo  designer.  He  asked  Paul  to  make  subtle  changes  to  the  current  logo  and  make  it  more  solid,  grounded  and  balanced.  He  wanted  a  logo,  which  would  be  an  evolu>on  of  their  logo  and  not  a  design  which  would  look  en>rely  different.    

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•  The  story  begins  in  1956  when  designer  Paul  Rand  introduced  what  IBM  refers  to  as  the  IBM  con>nuity  logo  (1956-­‐1972)  This  logo  is  the  solid  block  leHers  IBM  in  City  Medium  type  font.  At  the  >me  it  was  considered  a  moderniza>on  from  the  IBM  in  transi>on  (1947-­‐1956)  logo  in  the  Beton  Bold  type  font.  This  earlier  logo  is  most  easily  recognized  by  the  flat  boHom  M,  where  the  New  block  leHer  logo  has  a  pointy  M.    

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•  According  to  the  IBM  Archives  in  1972  the  IBM  interna>onal  recogni>on  logo  was  adopted  and  remains  the  official  logo  s>ll  in  use.  The  IBM  logo  is  easily  recognized  by  the  dis>nc>ve  eight  stripes  that  make  up  the  leHers  IBM.  This  logo  is  o[en  refereed  to  as  the  Eight  Stripe  Logo,  or  the  Eight  striper  for  short.  There  is  liHle  ques>on  based  on  published  material  that  5  years  earlier  in  1967  the  360  family  of  computers  were  produced  and  shipped  to  with  a  logo  made  up  of  13  stripes.  The  Thirteen  Striper  is  easily  recognized  by  the  fact  it  has  three  stripes  or  lines  making  up  the  >p  of  the  I  where  the  Eight  Stripe  logo  has  only  two.    

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•  IBM  logo  From  globes  to  stripes:  The  IBM  logo  •  Just  as  a  na>on's  flag  expresses  the  dis>nct  iden>ty  of  a  country,  so,  too,  a  logotype  —  typically  a  symbol  or  leHers  —  helps  to  establish  the  name  and  define  the  character  of  a  corpora>on.  Effec>ve  logos  become  synonymous  with  the  organiza>ons  they  portray.  They  are  instantly  recognized  by  millions  of  people,  and  help  to  iden>fy  their  companies  and  convey  a  message  about  the  brands  for  which  they  stand.  

•  Down  through  the  years,  IBM  (and  its  predecessor  companies)  has  used  a  series  of  logos  on  signs,  sta>onery,  vehicles,  products  —  and  even  flags  —  to  make  a  dis>nc>ve  statement  and  foster  immediate  recogni>on  all  over  the  world.  Here  are  those  logos.