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TEEB Implementation: How to implement the results of TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity), especially with regard to
businesses, local players and citizens
Patrick ten BrinkTEEB for Policy Makers Co-ordinator
Head of Brussels Office
Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
Closing the International Year of Biodiversity 2010:“How to better understand and communicate the socio-economic value of Biodiversity”
A green future and benefits for everyone - Biodiversity and social responsibility14 December 2010,
Bois du Cazier, Charleroi (Marcinelle) – Belgium
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Presentation overview
Part A: TEEB Overview / Evidence Base & link to the CBD Strategic Plan
Part B: TEEB Implementation / shared responsibility and communication at different levels
• Local/regional
• Business
• Citizens
Part C: Next Steps
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TEEB‟s Genesis and steps, communicating the global evidence base to different audiences
TEEB Interim Report @ CBD COP-9, Bonn, May 2008
Brussels
13 Nov 2009
Sweden
Sept. 2009
India, Brazil,
Belgium,
Japan & SA
Sept. 2010
London
July 2009
National
International
Policy MakersBusiness
Local and
regional
authorities /
policy makers
teeb4me
Citizens
All
TEEB “results” / contributions :
• Evidence base and awareness - of urgency/opportunity,
values/costs, solutions - widened audience
•Tools , methods and approaches
• Recommendations for action at all levels
• Engaged global network (ongoing)
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Presentation overview
CBD COP 10 Nagoya: Strategic Plan 2011-20
5 strategic goals & 20 headline targets ….extracts…
Value of biodiversity specific focus of some SP targets
Target 1:… people aware of the values of biodiversity …..
Target 2: …. biodiversity values have been integrated ….into strategies… planning … national accounting…. reporting systems.
Evidence on values of biodiversity can also support most other targetse.g. On sustainable fisheries, agriculture, forestry, sustainable use …
“TEEB implementation” should contribute to the `Strategic Plan realisation`
Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services
Target 14: … ecosystems that provide essential services…. restored and safeguarded
Target 15: … contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced…
Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization;
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Evidence base - Assessing values and actions
Assessing the value of working with natural capital has helped determine where
ecosystems can provide goods and services at lower cost than by man-made
technological alternatives and where they can lead to significant savings
• USA-NY: Catskills-Delaware watershed for NY: PES/working with nature saves money (~5US$bn)
• New Zealand: Te Papanui Park - water supply to hydropower, Dunedin city, farmers (~$136m)
• Mexico: PSAH to forest owners, aquifer recharge, water quality, deforestation, poverty (~US$303m)
• France & Belgium: Priv. Sector: Vittel (Mineral water) PES & Rochefort (Beer) PES for water quality
•Venezuela: PA helps avoid potential replacement costs of hydro dams (~US$90-$134m over 30yr)
• Vietnam restoring/investing in Mangroves - cheaper than dyke maintenance (~US$: 1m to 7m/yr)
• South Africa: WfW public PES to address IAS, avoids costs and provides jobs (~20,000; 52%♀)
• Germany : peatland restoration: avoidance cost of CO2 ~ 8 to 12 €/t CO2 (0-4 alt. land use)
Sources: various. Mainly in TEEB for National and International Policy Makers, TEEB for local and regional policy and TEEB cases
TEEB implementation: assess where working with nature saves money
– for public (city, region, national), private sector, communities and citizens
& who, with which collaboration/partnerships can make it happen
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Beneficiaries:
Public sector (e.g. water – national & municipalities),
Public goods (e.g forests, biodiversity, climate),
Private sector (e.g. water, beer, energy, agriculture),
Citizens (e.g. water quantity, quality, price, security) and
Communities (e.g. payments, livelihoods/jobs, ecological assets & “GDP of the poor”)
Decisions: conservation / restoration investment, PES / public programmes, protected areas
Policy synergies: Water – availability/quantity, quality,
Climate - mitigation (green carbon) and (ecosystem based) adaptation to CC
Job creation and livelihoods
Security - natural hazards (e.g. flooding), water, energy
Finances - public sector budget savings (Nat. gov’t, public services, municipalities)
Industrial policy – energy, water, forestry, agriculture...
Consumer affordability
Poverty and in each case : biodiversity.
TEEB implementation: understand beneficiaries, appreciate synergies – build on both
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Valuation and policy making:from valuing natural assets to decisions
Part A: Summary
Assessing the value of nature improves the evidence base for decisions – public
(global, multi-country, national, regional, local), private and community/citizen.
Qualitative, quantitative, spatial and monetary analysis each have a role
Has proven to be useful for investment decisions, permit decisions,
encouraging support (political and public) for action, helped in instrument
choice, design, political and legal launch and implementation.
The whole picture of benefits and costs need
to be appreciated – the here and now, the
over there and over time, the private and
public
As do the range of responsibilities, interests
and opportunities of the players
…always better to look at the whole board
and engage the right combination of players for each job
…is this enough to work out what to do
and achieve results ?
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Mecklenburg-Vorpommern project 2000-2008
• Restoration of 30,000 ha (10%)
• Emission savings of up to 300,000 t CO2-eq.
• CO2 Avoidance cost of 8 to 12 € / t CO2
• if alternative land use options are realized
(extensive grazing, reed production or alder
forest) costs decrease to 0 to 4 € / t CO2
• drainage of 930,000 ha peatlands in Germany for agriculture cause emissions of 20 Mio. t of CO2-eq. per year
• total damage of these emissions amounts to ~1.4 billion €
• peatland restoration: low cost and biodiversity friendly mitigation option
Global Issues, Regional solutions: Assessing value of nature-based CC mitigation
Source: Federal Environmental Agency 2007; MLUV MV 2009; Schäfer 2009Restored peatland in Trebeltal 2007
Foto: D. Zak, http://www.fv-berlin.de
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Ecosystem
Valuation Benefits
Annual Value
(2005, CDN $)
Carbon Values 366 million
Air Protection Values 69 million
Watershed Values 409 million
Pollination Values 360 million
Biodiversity Value 98 million
Recreation Value 95 million
Agricultural Land
Value
329 million
Cities & assessing Multiple Benefits – City of Toronto
Source: Wilson, S. J. (2008)
Map: http://greenbeltalliance.ca/images/Greebelt_2_update.jpg
• Estimating the value of the Greenbelt for the City of Toronto
• The greenbelt around Toronto offers $ 2.7 billion worth of non-market ecological
services with an average value of $ 3, 571 / ha.
→ Implication re: future management of the greater city area ?
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Shrimp Farm
private
profits
less
subsidies
Net of public
costs of
restoration
needed
after 5 years
private
profits
Mangroves
0
10000
US$
/ha/yr
private profits
5000
If public wealth is included, the “trade-off”
choice changes completely…..
$584/ha
$1220/ha
$9632/ha
$584/ha
-ve $11,172/ha
$12,392/ha
Source: Barbier et al, 2007
After
Adding
Public
Benefits
From
mangroves
Based only on private gain, the “trade-
off” choice favours conversion…..
Regional/local authorities: taking account of public goods in
land use planning, authorisations
Fishery
nursery
Storm
protection
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Presentation overview
What can Business do Today ?
1. Identify impacts & dependence on biodiversity & ecosystem services (BES)
2. Assess the business risks and opportunities associated with these
impacts and dependencies
3. Develop BES information systems, set targets, measure and value
performance, report results
4. Avoid, minimize and mitigate BES risks, using compensation („offsets‟)
where appropriate, based on concept of Net Positive Impact
5. Grasp emerging BES business opportunities, e.g. cost-efficiencies, new
products and new markets
6. Integrate BES actions with wider Corporate Social Responsibility
7. Engage with business peers and other stakeholders to improve BES
guidance and policy
Source: TEEB for Business
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Presentation overview
Greening Markets… from niches to mainstream
Market (niches) for products & services demonstrating conservation benefits:
products with reduced direct impacts on biodiversity, due to adoption of more
efficient or low-impact production and processing methods
e.g. for reduced impact forestry - FSC, PESC certified timber - Sales of certified „sustainable‟
forest products quadrupled between 2005 and 2007
e.g. for fisheries, MSC certification - From April 2008 to March 2009, the global market for
eco-labeled fish products grew by over 50%, to a retail value of US$ 1.5 billion
e.g. Organic - Global sales of organic food and drink = US$ 46 billion in 2007 (threefold
increase since 1999)
Major consumer brand owners and retailers added „ecologically-friendly‟
attributes to their products: Mars (Rainforest Alliance cocoa); Cadbury (Fairtrade cocoa);
Kraft (Rainforest Alliance Kenco coffee); Unilever (Rainforest Alliance PG Tips).
products/services based on sustainable use of ecosystem services & biodiversity
e.g. ecotourism or biotrade.
Source : Mixed - thanks toJosh Bishop for some facts and figures
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Presentation overview
Business: Commitments & Walking the talk
Meeting Commitments
• Identify impacts & dependence on BES;
• assess the business risks and opportunities
• Develop BES info systems, set targets, measure & value performance, report
results
• grasp BES business opportunities, e.g. cost-efficiencies, new products & markets
• Avoid, minimize & mitigate BES risks, using compensation („offsets‟) where
appropriate
Commitments: towards no net loss and net positive impacts
BC Hydro: “long-term goal of no net incremental environmental impact.”
Rio Tinto: “Our goal is to have a „net positive impact‟ on biodiversity.”
Sony: “strives to achieve a zero environmental footprint throughout the lifecycle of our products and business activities.”
Walmart: “Committed … to permanently conserve at least one acre of priority wildlife habitat for every developed acre.” ~= no net BD loss
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Presentation overview
Citizens
Direct and indirect impacts on BD and opportunities to act
Consumption: Diet, Energy, transport, appliances, housing, holidays…
Action: address consumption …e.g. lower meat content diet…
Positive action: carbon neutral (trees…), green infrastructure
Getting the messages across to citizens
• TEEBCase collection: http://www.environmentalatlas.net/
• teeb4me website http://bankofnaturalcapital.com/
• MOfilm : Little Things (Laurence Chen), The Invoice (Karen Erbach) http://www.4shared.com/dir/kmxyk86b/Mofilm.html
• Social media: Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/TEEB4me , Twitter: http://twitter.com/teeb4me
• and of course, policy instruments: labelling (FSC,PEFC, MSC, Organic, white goods, etc), standards
and law (e.g. wood origin); pricing (e.g. water, CO2), measurement (e.g. footprints), and offsets (e.g. carbon)
and enjoyment (Natura 2000)
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TEEB Implementation – some post Nagoya steps
TEEB Brazil, TEEB India, TEEB NL ..
World Bank/UNEP et al 10+10 initiative on National accounts …
TEEB for Agriculture; TEEB & Water ….
Rio+20
CBD COP11
SEEA 2012
Parallel track: Similar type work independent of TEEB
Many initiatives that focus on (responding to) the value of nature by range of actors
Support for business and biodiversity (indicators, valuation reporting)
Regional workshops (DGENV/Defra) + CBD collaboration re NBSAPs
Quantitative assessment, social dimension of BD, valuation, Green
infrastructure, accounting, and links BD & ESS
TEEB Country & Regional Studies
Initiatives building on TEEB recommendations
TEEB Integration
Awareness raising / Capacity building (developing countries)
Science / Economics evidence base
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SummaryAppreciating the value of biodiversity and ecosystems is increasingly valuable, if not
essential for decision making:for policy makers (city, regional, national and international), for
business, for citizens. It can help implement the CBD Strategic Plan
• e.g. business - appreciating the value of inputs, oft unpriced, and dependence on these
inputs is essential for business - prices / availability may change.
• Taking account of potential risks and liabilities also key for business – we can expect
greater demands for this, and conversion of damages to real liabilities.
• Committing to no net loss, or net positive gain is key, and then walking the talk
• e.g. local authorities: appreciating public good benefits of green infrastructure / nat. capital
can help in planning, authorisations / permitting, investment decisions
• e.g. citizens: help with purchasing and use choices, investment decisions, activities
TEEB aimed to contribute/communicate an increased evidence base on the value of nature,
share experience on measurement/assessment and on (policy) responses, building on a rich
diversity of valuable initiatives past and present and hopefully encouraging more analysis across
the world and greater action for biodiversity, a shared social responsibility and common
interest.
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Thank you
TEEB Reports available on http://www.teebweb.org/
& TEEB in Policy Making will come out as an Earthscan book in March 2011
See also www.teeb4me.com
Patrick ten Brink, [email protected]
IEEP is an independent, not-for-profit institute dedicated to the analysis, understanding and promotion of policies for a sustainable environment www.ieep.eu
Manual of EU Environmental Policy: http://www.earthscan.co.uk/JournalsHome/MEEP/tabid/102319/Default.aspx