Patient Safety Patient Safety Department of Internal Department of Internal Medicine Medicine Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University Prince of Songkla University Quality Assurance Report: 30 Quality Assurance Report: 30 th th November 2007 November 2007
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Patient Safety Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Prince.
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Patient SafetyPatient Safety
Department of Internal MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineFaculty of Medicine
Prince of Songkla UniversityPrince of Songkla University
Quality Assurance Report: 30Quality Assurance Report: 30thth November 2007 November 2007
Department of Internal MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicinePatient Safety projectPatient Safety project
Patient Safety in Patient Safety in Critically ill patientsCritically ill patients
Prevention of self extubation Prevention of self extubation in medical ICUin medical ICU
IMPACTIMPACTPatient SafetyPatient Safety
Number of medical ICU admission and Number of medical ICU admission and intubation : 2544 - presentintubation : 2544 - present
Self extubation rate in medical ICU:Self extubation rate in medical ICU:Before interventionBefore intervention
Why is self extubation important?Why is self extubation important?
Why is self extubation important?Why is self extubation important?
How could self extubation be How could self extubation be reduced?reduced?
sedationsedation
LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEWPatient SafetyPatient Safety
Sedation: Current IssuesSedation: Current Issues
Over-sedatedOver-sedated• increased drug costsincreased drug costs• delayed weaning delayed weaning • increased ICU length of stayincreased ICU length of stay• increased testingincreased testing
Under-sedated• anxiety and agitation• awareness and recall• post-traumatic stress disorder• increased adverse events• increased use of paralytics
Without a means to Without a means to objectively titrate objectively titrate
the level of sedation, the level of sedation, patients may be:patients may be:
Daily interruption of sedative infusion in Daily interruption of sedative infusion in critically ill patients undergoing critically ill patients undergoing
mechanical ventilationmechanical ventilation
Kress. NEJM 2000.
Effect of nurse-implemented sedation Effect of nurse-implemented sedation protocol on the incidence of ventilator-protocol on the incidence of ventilator-
associated pneumoniaassociated pneumonia
Quenot. CCM 2007.
Effect of nurse-implemented sedation Effect of nurse-implemented sedation protocol on the incidence of ventilator-protocol on the incidence of ventilator-
associated pneumoniaassociated pneumonia
Quenot. CCM 2007.
Sedation Use RecommendationsSedation Use Recommendations
• Lorazepam is recommended for sedation of most patients via Lorazepam is recommended for sedation of most patients via intermittant IV or continuous infusion (Grade=B)intermittant IV or continuous infusion (Grade=B)
• Triglyceride levels should be monitored after two days of propofol Triglyceride levels should be monitored after two days of propofol infusion (Grade=B)infusion (Grade=B)
• Use of sedation guidelines, an algorithm Use of sedation guidelines, an algorithm or a protocol is recommended. or a protocol is recommended. (Grade=B)(Grade=B)
Jacobi J. Crit Care Med 2002; 30(1): 119-142.
Sedation protocol productionSedation protocol production
Pulling at ET tube, trying to remove cathe Pulling at ET tube, trying to remove cathe ters, climbing over bedrail, striking to sta ters, climbing over bedrail, striking to sta
55 AgitatedAgitated Anxious or mildly agitated, attempt to sit Anxious or mildly agitated, attempt to sit up, calm down to verbal instruction up, calm down to verbal instruction
33 SedatedSedated Difficult to arouse, awake or eye open to Difficult to arouse, awake or eye open to verbal stimuli or gentle shaking but drift verbal stimuli or gentle shaking but drift
off again, follow simple command off again, follow simple command
22 Moderate Moderate sedationsedation
Very sedatedVery sedated Arouses to physical stimuli but does not c Arouses to physical stimuli but does not c ommunicate of follow commands, may m ommunicate of follow commands, may m
ove spontaneously, eye close ove spontaneously, eye close
11 Heavy Heavy sedationsedation
UnrousableUnrousable Minimal or no response to noxious stimuli, doe Minimal or no response to noxious stimuli, doe s notcommunicate or followcommands, weak s notcommunicate or followcommands, weak
Self extubation rate in medical ICUSelf extubation rate in medical ICU
interventionintervention
BenchmarkingBenchmarking
LEARNINGLEARNINGPatient SafetyPatient Safety
LearningLearning• Sedation protocol is effective to prevent self Sedation protocol is effective to prevent self
extubation in medical ICU.extubation in medical ICU.• Sedation protocol did not increase ventilator Sedation protocol did not increase ventilator
day and risk of VAP.day and risk of VAP.• The collaborate of critical care nurse and The collaborate of critical care nurse and
intensivist is the key of success.intensivist is the key of success.• The incidence of extubation could possible The incidence of extubation could possible
reach to ZERO.reach to ZERO.
• We should be increase awareness and We should be increase awareness and alertness in isolated room patients.alertness in isolated room patients.
• During period of sedation interruption, During period of sedation interruption, critical care nurse must pay more attention to critical care nurse must pay more attention to the patients in order to prevent self the patients in order to prevent self extubation.extubation.
• This protocol should be implemented in all This protocol should be implemented in all ventilator care unit.ventilator care unit.
LearningLearning
Patient Safety in cancer Patient Safety in cancer patientspatients
• Give chemotherapy to hospitalized Give chemotherapy to hospitalized medical oncology patientsmedical oncology patients
• Give medical advice for cancer patientsGive medical advice for cancer patients• Instruction and sharing the knowledge Instruction and sharing the knowledge
of caring in cancer patient to ward of caring in cancer patient to ward nurses nurses
• New infusion technique is safe and simple. New infusion technique is safe and simple. • Oncology nurse should be implemented in all Oncology nurse should be implemented in all
cases of chemotherapy patients.cases of chemotherapy patients.• New process may be decrease unused drug.New process may be decrease unused drug.