Supporting Information Primary and secondary aqueous two-phase systems composed of thermo switchable polymers and bio- derived ionic liquids Cher Pin Song, a Ramakrishnan Nagasundara Ramanan, a,b R. Vijayaraghavan, c Douglas R MacFarlane, c Eng-Seng Chan, a João A. P. Coutinho, d Luis Fernandez d,e and Chien-Wei Ooi *a,b a Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia. b Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia. c School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. d CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. e Laboratorio de Termodinamica y Fisicoquímica de Fluidos, 35071-Parque Científico-Tecnologico, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain Synthesis procedure and characterization data for [Ch][AA] 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
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Supporting Information
Primary and secondary aqueous two-phase systems composed of
thermo switchable polymers and bio-derived ionic liquids
Cher Pin Song, a Ramakrishnan Nagasundara Ramanan, a,b R. Vijayaraghavan, c Douglas R
MacFarlane, c Eng-Seng Chan, a João A. P. Coutinho, d Luis Fernandez d,e and Chien-Wei
Ooi*a,b
a Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan
Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia.
b Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia,
Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia.
c School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
d CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro,
3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
e Laboratorio de Termodinamica y Fisicoquímica de Fluidos, 35071-Parque Científico-
Tecnologico, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
Synthesis procedure and characterization data for [Ch][AA]
Four different types of cholinium aminoate ([Ch][AA]), namely cholinium lysinate ([Ch][Lys],
molecular mass = 249.4 g mol-1), cholinium β-alaninate ([Ch][β-Ala], molecular mass = 192.3
g mol-1), cholinium glycinate ([Ch][Gly], molecular mass = 178.3 g mol-1) and cholinium
serinate ([Ch][Ser], molecular mass = 208.1 g mol-1), were synthesized as per the procedure
described in the literature.1 Typically, [Ch][AA]s were made by mixing aqueous “20 wt%”
choline hydroxide ([Ch][OH]) [note: batch analysis from manufacturer (Sigma Aldrich)
specifies an actual concentration at 20.9 wt% for this batch. The actual concentration of [Ch]
[OH] was confirmed by an aqueous titration with standard 0.1 M HCl solution] with the
corresponding aqueous AA solutions at 1:1 by mole. This was followed by distilling off the
water at 343.15 K under reduced pressure. The final product was dried at 333.15 K for two
days at vacuum. The stoichiometry in the obtained product was confirmed by comparison of
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the pH of a 0.1 M of final product with an aqueous titration curve of the starting materials (i.e.,
0.1 M of [Ch][OH] and 0.1 M of AA solution). Note that the “end-point” in the titration curves
of the AA solution is indistinct and is not directly useful as an indicator of an equimolar
stoichiometry. The [Ch][AA]s were characterized by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, and
NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR) Spectroscopy. The water content was analyzed by Karl-Fischer
titration method.
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Cholinium lysinate ([Ch][Lys])
Aqueous solution of L-lysine (5.9 g, 40.1 mmol) was slowly added to 20 wt% aqueous [Ch]
[OH] (23.3 g, 40.1 mmol) and the [Ch][Lys] was made as per the procedure given above.
a sd =¿¿, where |¿| represents the absorbance value, z is the concentration of PPG 400 [where z = (8, 10 and 15) wt%] and n is the number of absorbance values measured
b n.d. represents data not determined. The total composition of these systems was above the critical concentrations for the formation of two-phase solution.
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Table S2 Experimental binodal data for PPG 400 (1) + [Ch][AA] (2) + water (3) systems at T = (288.15a, 298.15a,b and 308.15a) K and pressure p = 101.32 kPa
T = 288.15 K T = 298.15 Kb T = 308.15 K100 w1 100 w2 100 w1 100 w2 100 w1 100 w2
a Standard uncertainty of temperature, u(T) = 1 K. Expanded uncertainty: for PPG 400 + [Ch][Lys] + water system, Uc are Uc(PPG 400) = Uc([Ch][Lys]) = 0.0018 (95% level of confidence); for PPG 400 + [Ch][Ser] + water system, Uc(PPG 400) = Uc([Ch][Ser]) = 0.0027 (95% level of confidence); for PPG 400 + [Ch][Gly] + water system, Uc(PPG 400) = Uc([Ch][Gly]) = 0.0022 (95% level of confidence); for PPG 400 + [Ch][β-Ala] + water system, Uc(PPG 400) = Uc([Ch][β-Ala]) = 0.0033 (95% level of confidence)
b Data taken from literature1
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179180181182183184185
Table S3 Values of parameters of Eq. (3) for PPG 400 + [Ch][AA] + water systems at T = (288.15, 298.15 and 308.15) K