1 Pathways for sustainable development of mixed crop- livestock systems in developing countries Shirley Tarawali, Mario Herrero, Katrien Descheemaeker, Elaine Grings, Michael Blümmel Presentation at the Symposium: sessment for sustainable development of animal production sys 3 November 2011
28
Embed
Pathways for sustainable development of mixed crop-livestock systems in developing countries
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Mario Herrero, Katrien Descheemaeker, Elaine Grings and Michael Blümmel at the Workshop on the Assessment for sustainable development of animal production systems, 3 November 2011.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1
Pathways for sustainable development of mixed crop-livestock systems in developing
countries
Shirley Tarawali, Mario Herrero, Katrien Descheemaeker, Elaine Grings, Michael Blümmel
Presentation at the Symposium: Assessment for sustainable development of animal production systems
3 November 2011
Key messages Mixed crop livestock systems in developing countries
support millions of poor and produce more than half the developing world’s livestock and crop commodities
Present one of the greatest challenges – and opportunities to address food needs of the future without compromising environment, equity or livelihoods
Don’t present a panacea answer and require understanding context and a radically different approach to solutions
2
Crop livestock systems Mixed intensive
– High population density, high agro-ecological potential/irrigation, good links to markets, some purchased inputs
Mixed extensive– Medium population density, moderate agro-ecological potential, rainfed agriculture, hardly any purchased
inputs
(mosaic, interactions)
3
Globally, most people are in mixed crop – livestock systems
4
Herrero et al. 2009
50% or more of income for those in mixed systemscomes from livestock(producers, traders, market agents, processors.....)
Global cereal production
5
Developing world mixed systems produce almost 50% of the cereals of the World
Most production coming from intensive crop livestock systems
Herrero et al. 2009
6
Globally mixed systems produce significant amounts of milk and meat
Herrero et al. 2009
But what about the future? Multiple drivers:
– Population, urbanization– GDP growth– Demand from domestic, regional, international
markets– Climate change
Food? Environment? Equity? Livelihoods? Transition or radical change (industrial)?
7
Transition of crop livestock systems
Transition of:– Production efficiency– Role of animals (market
engagement) Trajectory depends on:
– Degree of intensification– Stage of economy– Livestock commodity
8
Production efficiency – developed countries
9
Capper et al., 2009
Feed, breed, health =
4 fold milk increase
Estimated GHG emissions per kg of FPCM at farm gate, averaged by main
regions and the world
10
FAO, 2010
Role of animals Multiple Comparing cattle systems in
Kenya, Zambia and Sri Lanka:
– Up to 40% of benefits from livestock keeping came from non-market, intangible benefits, mostly insurance and financing
– Insurance:– Financing:
Livestock - an inflation-proof savings/investment
Manure, traction, social
Market focused Don’t increase risk!
– Genetic base– Fewer animals– Purchased inputs– Single product– Reliance on connection
to markets, knowledge
11
Development stage
%agric in GDP
%livestock in agric GDP
Demand for livestock products
Smallholder roles
Agricultural 30-50 15-45 Rural and urban poor – small quantities
Comparisons of high (Raichur) and low quality (local Yellow) sorghum stover based feed
blocks in commercial dairy buffalo
Block High Block Low
CP 17.2 % 17.1%
ME (MJ/kg) 8.46 MJ/kg 7.37 MJ/kg
DMI 19.7 kg/d 18.0 kg/d
DMI per kg LW 3.6 % 3.3 %
Milk Potential 16.6 kg/d 11.8 kg/d
Anandan et al. (2009a)
22
Supplementation and processing of sweet sorghum bagasse and response in sheep
Mash Pellets Block
Control
Chaffed SSBRL
Concentrate
DMI (g/kg LW) 52.5 a 55.6 a 42.1 b 41.5 b
ADG (g / d) 132.7 a 130.4 a 89.5 b 81.3 b
Processing ($/t) 5.9 7.0 5.2 1.7
Transport ($/t/100km) 6.6 5.8 5.2 13.5
Anandan et al. (2009b)
No processing solution feeds fit all feeding situations Economy driving, optimizing strategies requiredMore emphasis needed on decentralized processing options