1 Pastoralist Areas Resilience Improvement through Market Expansion (PRIME) Project Funded by the United States Agency for International Development FY 2016 Annual Report Reporting Period: 1 October 2015 – 30 September 2016 Submitted to: AOR: Dubale Admasu, USAID/Ethiopia Country Contact HQ contact Program Summary Michael J. Jacobs Nate Oetting Award No: AID-663-A-12-00014 Chief of Party Senior Program Officer Box 14319 Mercy Corps Start Date: October 15, 2012 Addis Ababa 45 SW Ankeny Ethiopia Portland, Oregon 97204 End Date: October 14, 2017 Phone:+251-(11) 416-9337 Total Award: $56,772,799 Fax: +251-(11)416-9571 503.896.5000 [email protected][email protected]Report Date: October 31, 2016
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Pastoralist Areas Resilience Improvement through Market Expansion (PRIME) Project
Funded by the United States Agency for International Development
FY 2016 Annual Report
Reporting Period: 1 October 2015 – 30 September 2016
Submitted to:
AOR: Dubale Admasu, USAID/Ethiopia
Country Contact HQ contact Program Summary
Michael J. Jacobs Nate Oetting Award No: AID-663-A-12-00014
Chief of Party Senior Program Officer
Box 14319 Mercy Corps Start Date: October 15, 2012
Addis Ababa 45 SW Ankeny
Ethiopia Portland, Oregon 97204 End Date: October 14, 2017
PRIME is a five-year, USAID-funded initiative designed to support resilience among pastoralist
communities in Ethiopia, and thus enhance prospects for long-term development in Ethiopia’s
dryland landscape where the pastoralist livelihood system prevails. Financed through Feed the
Future (FTF) and Global Climate Change (GCC) facilities, PRIME was designed to be
transformative and innovative, and to achieve scale through market-driven approaches to
livestock production and livelihood diversification that simultaneously support dryland
communities to adapt to a changing climate. In order to achieve its overall goal of increasing
household incomes and enhancing resilience to climate change through market linkages, the
program works to meet the following five major objectives (intermediate results):
1) Improve productivity and competitiveness of livestock and livestock products;
2) Enhance pastoralists’ adaptation to climate change;
3) Strengthen alternative livelihoods for households transitioning out of pastoralism;
4) Ensure enhanced innovation, learning and knowledge management; and
5) Improve nutritional status of targeted households through targeted, sustained and
evidence-based interventions.
Highlights from Year 4: This report summarizes the key activities implemented, and the associated accomplishments for PRIME between 1 October 2015 and 30 September 2016. Major accomplishments for this Year 4 include:
PROGRESS AGAINST OVERALL GOALS
Key findings in the Midline Survey (2015) when compared to the Baseline Survey (2013)
indicated that with the implementation of PRIME, annual household income increased on
average by $194.09 /hh. Measures of poverty did not improve and remained unchanged despite
the increased household income. However, the midline measurements were made at the peak of
the El Niño drought and two of PRIME’s operational areas were deeply affected by this drought.
The midline survey also found that household vulnerability to drought had declined, on average,
by 29% when measuring the probability of suffering from moderate or severe hunger. In
addition, there were increases in the percentage of children (from 0.5% to 5.2%) and women
(from 2.2% to 2.7%) eating 4 or more food groups. Household access to veterinary products also
increased from 9% to 35% and access to financial services increased for an estimated 174,556
beneficiaries since the start of the project.
The Annual Household Survey found that all targets for 2015 were achieved for annually
measured indicators. Moreover, some end-of-project targets, such as the one related to the
percentage of women reporting meaningful participation in decision-making and the percentage
of farmers who practice supplementary feeding for animals, have already been achieved.
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During this reporting year, PRIME reached 74,513 vulnerable households. According to PRIME
FY2016 Annual Household Survey report, 45,542 people implemented risk-reducing
practices/actions to improve resilience to climate change. The number of farmers and others who
have applied new (improved) technologies or management practices as a result of PRIME
activities during FY2016 is 45,542. PRIME also leveraged total of $1,734, 969 PS capital
investments and achieved a total $10,876,924.82 incremental sales.
INTERMEDIATE RESULT 1: IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF LIVESTOCK
AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS:
The focus of the activities for achieving the Intermediary Result 1- Improved productivity and
competitiveness of livestock and livestock products during PRIME year 4 continued to be on
enabling environment and providing effective emergency response to protect pastoralist assets.
During Year 4 the IR1 team, in concert with other IRs and IIF continued implementing activities
initiated in the previous project quarters, focused on development of the live animals trade, meat,
dairy and livestock inputs (animal health products and services and feed/fodder) value chains.
These activities consisted of:
1) support to local lead SMEs in completing their business expansions and improving business
capacity, including business soundness, marketing and business management practices, adoption
of new technologies, increasing employment, and expanding market consolidation for
commodities (milk and livestock) produced by pastoral and agro-pastoral households;
2) market linkage events, trainings, technical assistance interventions and exposure visits for
value chain operators, suppliers and local public development agents in the value chains; and
3) livestock productivity improvement events, trainings and information dissemination.
Additionally, in response to the drought conditions existing in the eastern operational areas of
PRIME (Afar and Siti Zone of ESRS) the IR1 team, in collaboration with the IR3 and IR5 teams
focused on developing and implementing emergency and crisis modifier activities. The
emergency response activities worked towards preventing negative drought effects on livestock
and livestock marketing, and protecting resilience improvement and development gains. Several
activities such as destocking (stimulating commercial livestock off-take), restricted value
veterinary vouchers interventions, fodder transportation interventions, as well as initiation of
support for improved feed and fodder accessibility. The combined emergency market activities
as they relate to the IR1 objectives brought increased access to veterinarian products and services
for over 21,000 households in Afar Zone 3 and the Siti Zone. An additional estimated 12,000
households were able to sell over 38,200 small ruminants during the destocking activities, and
another 22,000 have benefited from improved local access to supplemental feed and fodder for
livestock.
INTERMEDIATE RESULT 2: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT:
PRIME’s Intermediate Result 2 focuses on enhancing pastoralists’ adaptation to climate change
by improving availability and access to climate information services, supporting the
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strengthening of early warning systems, and strengthening the capacity of local institutions for
improved resource governance and management practices in climate adaptation. This includes
improving livelihood-related decision-making processes towards climate change adaptation
under Intermediate Results 1 and 3 that focus on livestock productivity and livelihood
diversification, respectively.
The natural resource management activities (NRM) focused on ensuring the continuity of the
rangeland councils’ role, through continued support of regular dialogues and review meeting
events between rangeland councils and local-level government partners. NRM activities also
included facilitation of community rangeland management planning and endorsement processes
by local government stakeholders. Other activities included support of rangeland restoration
activities, development and/or rehabilitation of selected water points (ponds and birkads),
selective bush thinning/prosopis clearing activities, and hay making trainings to encourage
communities to harvest and store surplus grass for the following dry season. The major
accomplishments under the NRM activities include supporting regular rangeland council
meetings held in all 24 rangeland systems in the three clusters, facilitating community rangeland
management planning processes at 16 rangeland systems and the endorsement of 10 rangeland
system plans. Nine water points were rehabilitated or developed in addition to the restoration of
6,322.5 hectares of rangeland, via selective clearing of prosopsis, area closures and soil & water
conservation techniques – including soil bunds and check dams.
Similarly, trainings were offered on Basic Data Collection and Dissemination Techniques for
Early Warning Committee Members in Afar. Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP) workshops
took place in all the three clusters, and led to the dissemination of advisories to communities in
all three clusters. Support was provided to the multi-agency assessment of the Belg rainy season
in Afar and Southern clusters, and ongoing support went to the local SAA groups’ discussions
and meetings in Afar and Southern clusters. PRIME promoted the expansion of Improved
Supplementary Fodder Production activities in Afar based on the results of the piloting work
conducted in the previous year, and material support went to the Afar regional Disaster
Prevention Food Security Projects Coordination Office (DPFSPCO) to strengthen their disaster
response capacities and coordination.
INTERMEDIATE RESULT 3: STRENGTHENED ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS FOR HOUSEHOLDS
TRANSITIONING OUT OF PASTORALISM (TOPS)
Over 1,230 TOPs graduated and attending Short-term vocational training in Different TVETs: New cohorts of TOPs are enrolled to attend vocational skill training in different TVETs through
PRIME’s short-term vocational scholarship program. During the year, 758 young and
unemployed TOPs started skills training in over 20 different skills. Since PRIME started
supporting the TVET to expand their training streams and improve their curriculums, over 80%
have completed and graduated and the remaining 20% are still attending the training. This year’s
achievement brings the total number of TOPs who have graduated or continue attending the
short-term training to 1,238. In addition to facilitating the scholarship, PRIME has provided
financial assistance to TOPs from very poor families to attend and successfully complete the
training. Those who have completed the training are pursuing jobs or have started their own
employment. Graduated cohorts of TOPs are reporting that they have obtained jobs and some
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started their own business that they would not have obtained without the skills training facilitated
by PRIME. PRIME is working to link interested TOPs to access finance from MFIs should they
want planning to start their own business.
PRIME business expansion activity created 531 new jobs in Somali, Oromia and Afar
regions:
Several enterprises and financial institutions supported by PRIME in the Eastern, Southern and
Afar clusters reported to have created a total of 531 new full-time jobs. The types of enterprises
span from livestock, non-livestock, and financial institutions. PRIME has provided cost share
business expansion grants for small, medium and large enterprises to expand their business in
pastoralist areas to create new jobs for TOPS and create markets for producers.
Micro loans for over 1,000 women start-up businesses facilitated by PRIME:
The PRIME and ACPA teams supported the Somali Microfinance Institution (SMFI) to facilitate
micro loans for 1180 women from different woredas of the Somali region. The SMFI provided
entrepreneurship and financial literacy training for the selected women while PRIME covered the
operational costs of the training. At the end of the training, all women TOPs were linked to the
SMFI and opened savings accounts. Following that, the SMFI disbursed a total loan amount of
3,584,000 ETB per the individual business proposals. The participants regularly save with the
SMFI on a monthly basis and repay the loan monthly. Upon repayment of the first round of loan
funding, clients will be eligible for another loan on a voluntary basis.
Mobile and agent banking client numbers and transactions hit new high record:
Mercy Corps has supported the Somali MFI in the introduction and rollout of mobile and agent
banking (HelloCash) solutions to increase access to inclusive financial services in the region.
During the year, HelloCash was inaugurated in the presence of high-level delegates from Federal
and Regional government, the United States Ambassador to Ethiopia, and USAID mission
representatives. Mobile and agent banking clients of SMFI have now reached a record high, with
over 111,000 individuals signed up for mobile and agent banking service and over 750 new
agents established. The coverage and service of HelloCash is growing tremendously, as
demonstrated by the more than 6000 daily transactions via the HelloCash mobile money
platform, with a value of US$450,000. Since the start of the service 20 years ago, nearly US$32
million in transactions have taken place.
5,000 households received cash transfers and financial literacy training in drought stricken
areas of Afar Zone 3and Siti Zone:
The cash transfer intervention targeted 5000 pastoralists and households transitioning out of
pastoralism (TOPs) in Siti and Afar Zone 3 selected woredas. Households in the lowest wealth
quartile in these communities were the primary targets of the cash transfer intervention. PRIME
collaborated with Afar MFI and Somali MFI to implement this activity in both regions. All
targeted households opened bank account with the MFIs, attended financial literacy and nutrition
training and received cash through their bank account, with the option to withdraw from nearby
MFI branches, mobile banking agents, and designated payment outlets. This activity is
completed, with 2500 households in Afar zone 3 having received three rounds of cash through
their conventional bank account, while in Siti zone 2500 (1067 through mobile bank account)
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households received three rounds of cash through conventional and mobile bank accounts. Even
though the cash transfer activity is completed, households have the option to continue being
clients of these MFIs and to use their bank accounts for future saving.
The newly established Rays MFI opened its first four branches for service: PRIME has been supporting Rays since its establishment, and continues to provide financial and
technical assistance. During the reporting period, Rays facilitated training for all their newly
hired staff to ensure they provide the best service in their respective branch offices.
612 VSLAs with 11,219 members have been formed through the private service provider model
PRIME support for Private Service Providers (PSPs) for the formation and expansion of VSLAs
through the PSP model continued this year. The model is a more cost-effective and sustainable
method to expand outreach in target communities and provide the service and is adopted across
all PRIME intervention areas. During the reporting period, the overall achievement of VSLA
establishments via PSP model was impressive. The total number of groups formed and total
VSLA members now stand at 612 and 11,219 respectively. The total amount of members’
savings reached ETB 4,375,671 (US$200,000) with a total loan outstanding balance of ETB
1,206,986 (US$55,000).
Facilitation of disability adjustment appliances:
ECDD in collaboration with Mercy Corps and SOS Sahel Ethiopia facilitated the provision of
disability adjustment appliances. A total of 69 (52 female) trainees with mobility impairment
enrolled in Yabello, Negelle, and Moyalle. TVET Colleges were provided with different
appliances. The cost for the appliances was covered by PRIME with the referral linkage formed
with Cheshire Services Ethiopia Hawassa Branch.
Increasing access to agricultural inputs:
Eighteen agricultural input suppliers (i.e., twelve in Eastern cluster and six in Southern cluster)
were supported through cost-shared small grants. After successful business expansion, these
input suppliers continue to supply various agricultural inputs. In this reporting period, 8,871
households (6,230 male and 2,841 female) have accessed various types of vegetable seeds,
improved cereals, pulses and forage seeds, farm tools and agro chemicals from these agricultural
input suppliers. Households invest around ETB 5,845,085 (US$266,000) on improved inputs and
agricultural equipment. PRIME will continue to provide technical support, business
coaching/mentoring and data tracking in the coming year.
Adult Literacy Training:
The general objective of adult literacy training is to establish a well-planned, organized and
coordinated adult education system that will provide access to quality and relevant learning
programs to youth and adults that will enable them to participate competently in the social,
economic, and political development of the region. 1,256 men and 757 women attended literacy
training conducted by FSA in Awash Fentale, Argoba, Amibara, Dulessa and Gelalo woredas.
Dulessa woreda, in particular, is performing well in both student numbers and a strong female
ratio. In Awash Fentale, due to access to the city and road system, the number of students is
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lower and has fewer women. Generally, we observed an improvement in the month of March
with increased numbers of students, more women participants, and lower dropout rates.
IR4: Ensure enhanced innovation, learning and knowledge management
The final versions of the 2015 Annual Household Survey and Midline Survey Reports were
submitted this quarter. Key results from the surveys show that PRIME is associated with
increasing dietary diversity for children aged 6 to 23 months and pregnant and lactating women,
PRIME is associated with increasing access to animal health services, and PRIME is linked with
reducing drought vulnerability in high intensity areas in comparison to low intensity ones.
The LKM team from Mercy Corps, in collaboration with Haramaya University staff, also
focused efforts on monitoring and evaluating the emergency drought response interventions in
Afar Zone 3 and Siti zone of Somali region. Interviews with market actors for livestock (traders)
and for veterinary products (PVPs) working with PRIME will provide a market baseline, while
interviews with beneficiaries of the cash transfer program will provide insight to the project on
nutritional outcomes, coping strategies, use of the cash transfer and satisfaction with MFI
services.
To understand the contribution of PRIME interventions towards building resilience in Fanfan
zone, Mercy Corps regional resilience hub and the learning technical support unit at Mercy
Corps headquarters carried out research in four woredas of the zone. While the research is
similar to what TANGO is doing around Jigjiga town, this research aims to look at different
geographical areas and provide a ‘baseline’ with planned follow-up surveys to observe resilience
capacities in PRIME target households and communities. PRIME is providing some support to
this resilience research, assisting with technical and programmatic inputs. The quantitative and
qualitative data collection was conducted and preliminary data analysis completed. The draft
report was shared with IR leaders and their deputies. The final report will be shared during
quarter 17. This information will inform Mercy Corps, PRIME partners, and the overall
resilience community about what interventions are contributing most to resilience and whether
PRIME’s approach is making a difference in these communities.
Finally, the proceedings of Haramaya university Research findings have been published and are
being distributed to stakeholders at federal and regional level. PRIME partners and USAID have
also received copies during this year.
During Y16 the IR4 team conducted progress monitoring of three interventions: livestock de-
stocking and veterinarian voucher intervention (drought response), birkads construction, and
pond excavation. Through qualitative data collection, the team found that most interviewed
livestock traders noticed a positive change in the respective livestock market, especially on
livestock price. Access to feed remains the main challenge to those traders we interviewed. Price
determination based on livestock body condition was the second challenge most reported.
PRIME interviewed pastoralists who received veterinary vouchers as part of the drought
response intervention. Pastoralists believed that after the intervention their livestock improved
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their health status, especially for those too weak to stand. CAHWs also played a role, including
providing awareness about the use of vouchers and the use of drugs.
INTERMEDIATE RESULT 5: USE OF NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS:
The PRIME Nutrition team continued collaborating with the regional, zonal and woreda health
officials to improve nutritional capacity of local health facilities, to effect nutrition behavior
change of supported PRIME households. In order to ensure improved capacity for health
professionals, a series of Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN), Nutrition
Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) related trainings, promotions, practical demonstrations and
meetings were conducted to strengthen nutrition systems at institutional and community levels.
PRIME developed MIYCN manuals for trainers and participants adjusting them for pastoralists
and agro-pastoralists settings. In addition, to improve counseling services at health facility and
community level, PRIME in collaboration with the ENGINE project and local government health
offices developed and printed MIYCN counseling cards for health facilities, community
volunteers, mother action cards, MIYCN posters and WASH posters. These materials were
designed specifically for communities in each of the 3 regions (i.e., Somali, Borena, Guji, Afar).
In the fourth year of the PRIME project, 545 health workers/health extension workers and 280
community volunteers were trained on MIYCN utilizing the developed MIYCN manuals.
Through cascade counselling and trainings, those trained government employees and volunteers
reached 40,046 households with nutrition counseling.
The nutrition team employed various interventions to improve the availability and quality of
animal feed for better animal and child nutrition to increase availability and access to milk for
children. The implemented activities included the training of development agents (DAs) on
nutrition sensitive interventions. In total, 728 Development Agents (DAs) and model farmers
were trained on nutrition sensitive agriculture using the nutrition sensitive training manual. The
trained DAs further cascaded the trainings and reached 6620 community members on the key
messages of nutrition, WASH, cooking demonstrations, keyhole gardening, perma-garden
techniques, improved fodders and animal health issues.
In order to reach additional beneficiaries with key nutrition messages, the PRIME nutrition team
in collaboration with local theater art groups, school clubs and government bureaus organized 48
different promotional events. The topics included the concept of the first 1000 days, the
importance of critical hand-washing, cooking demonstrations to highlight dietary diversity and
community dialogues on the use of concentrated feed. These promotional events reached 37,407
people in Oromia, Somali and Afar regions.
PRIME activities contributed positively to nutrition outcomes as evidenced by the midline
survey, which indicated that the percentage of pregnant and lactating women that ate 4 or more
food groups increased from 2.2 at baseline to 2.7 at midline. For children below 2 years of age
this percentage increased from 0.5 at baseline to 5.7 at midline.
Innovation Investment Fund
AGP Poultry performance:
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AGP has trained 70 AGP Poultry Agents to date and currently has a total of 28 operational
agents in the Borena/Guji Zone. These agents have achieved high productivity from their
incubators, with mortality rates below 7% among agent-group birds. Of the 28 agent groups
currently in business, 6 have already finished the distribution of the second cycle and started the
third round. 12 have distributed chickens for two cycles. Furthermore, AGP technical
coordinators are conducting weekly fieldwork progress meetings with zonal livestock and IMX
bureau officials to facilitate the market linkage for the Agents and to solve the field distribution
challenges. In this quarter AGP has created nine additional full time jobs, resulting in a total of
133 jobs created.
Expansion of Somali MFI branches:
PRIME supported SMFI branch expansion in seven different woredas and in Addis Ababa. With
this expansion, SMFI’s performance has improved and the number of savers in these branches
has increased to 3,222 this year. The number of borrowers also increased to 3993 due to the
expansion. The total loan amounts disbursed and savings mobilized up to this reporting period is
14,550,268 ETB and 17,826,424 ETB, respectively.
Afar Microfinance Institution progress updates:
Mercy Corps has continued to provide technical and financial assistance based on the sub-award
agreement with Afar MFI. The performance of the MFI is improving over time, and during the
reporting period, they have recorded significant increases in terms of numbers of savers and
loans to clients. Afar MFI also participated in the cash transfer intervention during the El Niño
drought response in the region this year. PRIME continued providing technical and financial
assistance to AMFI to improve its core financial service function. Currently, PRIME is
facilitating the MFI during a procurement process of core-banking solutions to connect its
branches. In addition, the MFI is expanding its coverage by opening new branches in the region.
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II. SUMMARY OF RESULTS TABLE1
Indicator Disaggregation
FY13+FY14
+FY15
Targets (Y1+Y2+Y3)
FY13+FY14
+FY15
Achieved (Y1+Y2+Y3)
FY16
Target
(Y4 only)
FY16
Achieved
(Y4 only) Remark
CROSS CUTTING INDICATORS
4.5.2-14: Number of
vulnerable households Total 125,000 118,649 75,000 74,513
236,474 households
reported as beneficiaries
in Ki-projects. A
discount based on IR
integration found
through the annual
household survey
(69.67%) was applied.
Achievement = 99.4%
4.5.2(5): Number of farmers
and others who have applied
new (improved)
technologies or management
practices as a result of US
assistance
Total 16,687 50,80 4 27,380 45,542
Number of beneficiaries
has substantially
increased cause due to
the expansion in the use
of mobile banking
services, facilitation of
commercial destocking
activities in Afar and
Sitti zone as well as the
expansion of MIYCN
4.5.2(34): Number of people
implementing risk reducing
practices/actions to improve
resilience to climate change
as a result of USG assistance
Total 29,000 64,054 27,380 45,542
Number of beneficiaries
has substantially
increased due to the
expansion in the use of
mobile banking services,
facilitation of
commercial destocking
activities in Afar and
Sitti zone as well as the
expansion of MIYCN
PPR 4.8.2-26: Number of
stakeholders with increased
capacity to adapt to the
impacts of climate
variability and change as a
result of USG assistance
Total 20,300 56,274 27,380 45,542
# of beneficiaries has
substantially increased
because the expansion in
the use of mobile
banking services as well
as the expansion of
MIYCN
4.5.2(7): Number of
individuals who have received
USG supported short-term
agricultural sector
productivity or food security
training (RIA) (WOG)
Total 49,225 48,042 6,174 10,097 Achievement 163%.
Financial literacy
training Provided for
cash transfer
beneficiaries contributed
for the over achievement
Male 28,198 28,845 3,944 5,024
Female 21,027 19,557 2,230 5,073
1 we are re-calculating some numbers that will be reflected in FTFMS/AidTracker+
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Indicator Disaggregation
FY13+FY14
+FY15
targets (Y1+Y2+Y3)
FY13+FY14
+FY15
achieved (Y1+Y2+Y3)
FY16
Target
(Y4 only)
FY16
Achieved
(Y4 only) Remark
4.5.2(23): Value of
incremental sales at farm-
level attributed to FtF
implementation
USD 12,657,936 13,728,874 8,100,000 10,873,573
Achievement 134%.
Sales of livestock and
dairy products have been
11% higher than
expected (USD 582
versus USD 644). This
might be due to the
destocking facilitation
provided by PRIME.
4.5.1(24): (NEW) Number
of agricultural enabling
environment policies
completing the following
processes/steps of
development as a result of
USG assistance (S)
5 6 3 3 Achievement 100%.
Area 5 6
Institutional architecture for
improved policy formulation 0
Enabling environment for
private sector investment 3 1
Agricultural trade policy 0
Agricultural input policy 1
Land and natural resources
tenure, rights, and policy 1 1 1
Resilience and agricultural
risk management policy 0 1 1
Nutrition 0 1 1
Other 1 4
Disaggregates Not Available 0
Process/Step 5 6
Analysis 1 1
Stakeholder
consultation/public debate 2 4 1 1
Drafting or revision 1 1 1
Approval (legislative or
regulatory) 1
Full and effective
implementation 1 1 1 1
Disaggregates Not Available 0
Total policies passing
through one of more
processes/steps of policy
change
5 6 3 3
12
Indicator Disaggregation
FY13+FY14+
FY15 targets (Y1+Y2+Y3)
FY13+FY14
+FY15
achieved (Y1+Y2+Y3)
FY16 Target
(Y4 only)
FY16
Achieved
(Y4 only) Remark
4.5.2(11): Number of food
security private enterprises
(for profit), producers
organizations, water users
associations, women's
groups, trade and business
associations, and
community-based
organizations (CBOs)
receiving USG assistance
(RIA) (WOG)
Total 1460 1641 1846 1190 Achievement is
64%.
Private Sector 1152 602 1686 448
Producer Orgz 0 36 279
Water User
Assoc 0 13 0
Women's groups 0 266 40
Trade and
Business assoc 10 45 5 1
CBOs 273 286 155 0
Disaggregates not
available 25 393 422
4.5.2(2): Number of hectares
under improved technologies
or management practices as
a result of USG assistance
Total 32,390 34,544 25,000 6,322
PPR 4.8.1-29 Number of
person hours of training in
natural resources
management and/or
biodiversity conservation
supported by USG assistance
Total 78,000 200,041 39,000 12,630
Men 56166 143775 27,300 9,440
Women 21,840 56,266 11,700 3,190
PPR 4.7.1-12: Total number
of clients (households and/or
microenterprises) benefiting
from financial services
provided through USG-
assisted financial
intermediaries, including
non-financial institutions or
actors
Total 30,460 49,223 51,000 125,333 Achievement
246%. This is
because the
expansion in the
use of mobile
banking services
Borrowers 5,000 13,858 4,000 8,199
Savers 24,930 33,465 47,000 117,134
Insurance 560 1900 - -
4.5(2): Number of jobs
attributed to
FTFimplementation (RIA)
Total 2700 1701 1910 1645
New 795 531
Continue 1115 1114
Obtained 1,213 - -
4.5.2(38): Value of new
private sector investment in
the agriculture sector or food
chain leveraged by FTF
implementation (RIA)
Total (USD) 13,500,000 13,767,972 1,871,000 1,734,969
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Indicator Disaggregation
FY13+FY14
+FY15
Targets (Y1+Y2+Y3)
FY13+FY14
+FY15
Achieved
(Y1+Y2+Y3)
FY16
Target
(Y4 only)
FY16
Achieved
(Y4 only) Remark
3.1.9(1): Number of people
trained in child health and
nutrition through USG-
supported programs (S)
Total 14,150 12,577 7,171 14,312 Achievement 200%.
Cascading of mother
infant and young
children nutrition
(MIYCN) trainings in
all clusters helped to
trained more peoples.
Male 5,150 5,392 3,289 7,638
Female 9,000 7,185 3,882 6,674
3.1.9(15): Number of
children under five reached
by USG-supported nutrition
programs (S)
Total 88,500 70,698 38,046 40,046 Achieved 105%. The
figure in Ki projects is
71,510. A discount
rate of 44% due to
overlaps within IR5
activities as calculated
through the Annual
household survey.
Male 44,835 35,972 19,323 27,421
Female 43,665 34,726 18,723 44,089
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III. CORRELATION TO THE MONITORING PLAN
Data for this annual report were gathered through PRIME’s Ki-projects, after verification from
Data for this report was gathered through PRIME’s Ki-projects, after verification with data in the
project’s output tracking sheet and through business information gathered by the EMD team at
field level and reported to IR1 and IR3. Data for VSLA members (financial beneficiaries) is
being collated and reported by the Rural Financial Services specialist through the SAVIX
information system. Information for institutions supported was extracted from the institutional
database Kimetrica and Ki.projects developed for PRIME and from SAVIX information for the
number of VSLAs.
Kimetrica, during this period, has been working on updated definitions of PRIME’s custom
indicators, based on new evidence and the methodologies used during the last annual household
survey and midline survey. The indicators with new definitions are:
1. Women dietary diversity (pregnant and/or lactating women)
2. Children 6-23 months’ dietary diversity
3. Percentage of households accessing Animal Health Services (disaggregated by CAHW
and PVP)
4. Prevalence of households with moderate/severe hunger
5. Annual income
During this reporting period USAID Feed the Future has revised its handbook of definitions of
indicators. Accordingly, PRIME LKM team identified those revised indicators and sent to AOR
for approval. PRIME FY17 targeting and reporting will be based on the revised. The summary of
precious and revised indicators can be found in Annex 10.
IV. RESULT BY RESULT ANALYSIS
INTERMEDIATE RESULT 1: IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF LIVESTOCK
AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS:
Key Result 1.1: Productivity in Key Livestock Market Systems Increased
Productivity and Competitiveness Improved in the Dairy Value Chain in Northern Somali,
Afar and Southern Operational Clusters
This set of interventions, is aimed at improving the dairy value chain for resilience,
competitiveness, creating access to sustainable milk market
for pastoralists, improves milk production in terms of
quality and quantity and improves both household
nutrition status, and household income through
facilitating development of sustainable and vibrant
dairy value chain over the PRIME Year 4 resulted in:
PRIME supported two medium sized milk-processing
plants: Addiskidan in Awash, Afar and Berwako in
15
Jijiga. The facilities reached a combined throughput of 2.5 MT of milk per day during this fiscal
year. Twelve privately and/or cooperatively owned milk collection centers in ESRS, Afar and
Oromia consolidated their operation and improved operations with PRIME support. Additional
activities over the FY aimed at to improve productivity and competitiveness of the dairy market
system included:
Milk Quality and Sanitation Training for Milk Collection Centers and Agents in the Southern
Cluster:
Three-day trainings provided for 34 participants of which
24 were women. The training was facilitated in
collaboration with Ethiopia Meat and Dairy Development
Institute. The main topics covered during the training were:
(1) clean milk production, (2) post production quality
assurance during collection and transportation and (3)
efficient and effective milk value additions (processing)
methods.
Exposure Visit for Milk Collection Centers to Medium Scale Milk Processing Plants in Bushtit
and Adama: To equip milk collection centers, that have been supported through PRIME, with
knowledge and skills in milk quality. This includes sanitation and broad product ranges, modern
milk processing and handling technologies/practices. PRIME has facilitated 3-day exposure
visits for 42 trainees of which 29 were women, including milk collection centers and district &
zonal government representatives. During the visit, participants were exposed to dairy
management (feeding, health and hygiene), milk transportation, milking practices, milk quality
testing and milk processing and packaging.
Small Competitive Cost Shared Grants for Improvement of Milk Shops in the Eastern Cluster: The milk shop or milk canteen business model is very popular in the urban areas of both Eastern
and Southern PRIME operational clusters. These small milk retail businesses are almost
exclusively owned and managed by women or groups of women. During the reporting period,
PRIME completed the selection of 10 successful winners out of 33 applications from Jijiga,
Dagheabour and other urban areas. These small cost shared business expansions are expected to
increase the quality of product, marketing potential and ultimately quantity of milk and milk
products sold. That will in-turn improve the demand for milk from both producer groups in the
urban areas and the nascent milk processing enterprises in the pastoral areas.
Productivity and Competitiveness Improved in the Live Animals and Meat Value Chain in
Northern Somali, Afar and Southern Operational Clusters
As the most important value chain for a
majority of the target beneficiary base, the live
animal and meat production and trade value
chain continued to be the productivity and
competitiveness improvement focus for
PRIME over the FY in all operational clusters.
16
With the support of PRIME IIF, the Jijiga Export Slaughterhouse (JESH) completed its
establishment including construction, equipping, receiving business license, receiving Ethiopian
Government and United Arab Emirates food safety and quality certifications. Test production
and troubleshooting was conducted and implementation of HACCP and Halal food safety and
quality requirements is in progress. It is expected that this facility will initiate regular operation
during FY 2017 and serve as lead consolidator for value added small ruminant meat export in the
region, serving the marketing needs for no less than 50,000 livestock producing households in
the Eastern Cluster. This 7 million USD lead enterprise the establishment of which was
supported by PRIME with 1.5 million USD grant and $350,000 USD Somali Regional
government infrastructural improvement investment is currently employing over 50 regular
employees and it is expected that will give rise to additional multiple service provision and
supply enterprises in the vicinity.
In order to improve productivity and competitiveness of live animal production and trade market
system, PRIME continued the implementation of the business expansion initiatives of local
livestock trading enterprises in establishing small feedlots to add value to livestock traded from
the eastern and southern operational areas. As a result
of these activities, twelve local livestock trading
enterprises expanded their operations and adopted
numerous new technologies, management and
marketing practices. These enterprises improved
employment from 91 to 134 FTE jobs, and increased
quarterly trade of livestock from $493,702 to
$1,558,676 through September 2016. The crowding in
effect in the area, where PRIME provided 33% of
total investment ($428,000) towards the development
of small feedlots has proven to be extraordinary since
it has stimulated numerous other livestock traders to
start investing in similar operations for livestock
fattening, purchasing and using supplemental feed and
fodder. The improvements of the livestock trading
businesses as sown by the capitalization of the
enterprises and ownership of fixed assets (collateral)
enables them to apply for financing whereas the
traders were able to get business loans from Oromia
international Bank.
Additional activities over the FY aiming to improve productivity and competitiveness of the
livestock trade and meat market system included:
Training in Meat Hygiene for Meat Traders in the Eastern
Cluster: This training was attended by 70 individual business
owners and local cooperatives. Participants gained the
necessary information and education of methods and steps to
maintain hygiene from start to finish in the meat selling
process. Experts and participants discussed and covered
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major hygienic issues important to meat preservation and consumption.
Technical and business skill training for feedlot
operators in Borena: In order to follow up on the
technical and business capacity and market linkage
of the nascent feedlot operators in Borena, PRIME
facilitated a training event in collaboration with the
Ethiopian Meat and Dairy Technology Institute and
Rooba Business Consultancy. Thirty-three trainees,
feedlot owners, managers and zonal and woreda
government experts participated in the training. As a result, the technical knowledge on fattening
as well as related business skills were improved, building on their existing traditional knowledge
and experience. The training was used to also conduct discussions on livestock marketing
challenges with the Trade and Market Development Office of Borana Zone whose officers
participated in the training. As a result, the Trade and Market Development Office of Borana
Zone committed to promoting market linkages, information flow and business environment as
needed.
Feedlot Management and Business Skill Development Training for Feedlot Operators in
Southern Cluster: To further build capacity of feedlot operators some of which are also
recipients of business expansion grant support, PRIME facilitated feedlot management and
business skill development training for feedlot business owners and managers. Twenty-seven
individuals (owners and employees) from 13 feedlot businesses and 1 PDO expert attended the
training. The training was facilitated in coordination with experts from the Ethiopian Meat and
Dairy Institute and Haramaya University. The training had two sessions.
Productivity and Competitiveness Improved in the Animal Health Products and Services
Market Systems Northern Somali, Afar and Southern Operational Clusters
Animal health services and products remain the most important inputs in the pastoral and agro-
pastoral livestock production system. PRIME continued its
support for the development of sustainable, quality and
accessible animal health service providers and product
suppliers in all operational clusters. A result of the
numerous activities aimed at expanding the network of
Private Veterinary Pharmacies, their linkage with the
Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs), improved
and affordable access to these services was assured for
78,950 pastoral and agro-pastoral households. PRIME
supported 33 PVPs to expand their operations and
open/establish 39 additional retail PVP outlets in
underserved pastoral areas. The total investment mobilized
for the expansion of the sustainable and sound PVP
network amounted to $483,382 of which PRIME
contributed $153,173 (30% cost share). The supported PVP
SMEs have as of September 2016 added 60 new jobs and
now permanently hire 127 employees, have increased the
number of CAHWs that they permanently collaborate from
18
271 to 383 and have increased total monthly sales of veterinarian products from average 31,500
to 53,800 USD by September 2016. This network of PVPs and CAHWs was further engaged in
emergency activities implemented in Afar and Siti during the FY as contractual vendors for the
Restricted Value Vouchers interventions aiming to protect livestock owned by over 20,000
drought affected households.
Additional significant activities over the FY aiming to improve the productivity and
competitiveness of the livestock industry through expansion and improvement of animal health
services included:
Workshop on Control of Illegal Veterinary Drug Trade and Unfolding Newly Endorsed
Government Proclamation (VDFACA) No: 728/2011 in the Southern Cluster: To increase
awareness of animal health input market actors and various
stakeholders on illegal veterinary drug control - in line with
the Government Proclamation No: 728/2011 - PRIME
facilitated a workshop with the Federal Veterinary Drug and
Feed Control Administration Authority at Yabello and
Negelle March 14-15, 2016 and March 17-18, 2016
respectively. In total, 153 (21 female) participants from
private businesses and government offices attended the
workshops. As a result of the workshops CAHWs, animal
health experts, PDO and PVP owners increased their
awareness on veterinary drugs definition, illegal drugs market,
downside of illegal drugs, controlling mechanism and
regulatory actions and roles of stakeholders.
Business to Business Discussion/Linkage between PVPs and CAHWS in the Southern
Cluster: In order to further strengthen the
relationships between the PVPs and CAHWS
and assure better and more accessible service
to animal health products and services a B2B
event was conducted during the FY.
Historically, the lack of legal and licensed
veterinary drugs and equipment suppliers has
in the past brought to a situation whereas the
CAHWs and pastoral households had to rely
on illegally traded drugs as the only option.
Six PVPs from Moyale Oromia and Somali region:
Dodo, Hiwot, Dirre, Dr. Golo, Harar and Yenya where
linked and strengthened their relationships with the
CAHWs through group and one on one discussions,
exchanging addresses and contacts. Some PVP owners
agreed to credit or rent drugs and equipment to
CAHWs respectively in order to alleviate the main
constraint that the CAHWs are facing in terms of lack
of operational money. Furthermore, discussion and
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experience sharing, which were made among CAHWs and Government Animal health workers
were taken as good opportunity during B2B and refresh training. Finally, both Somali and
Oromia regional government representatives noted the issues mentioned during the B2B meeting
and committed to contribute towards the improvement of the business environment for the future
development and improvement of the market for animal health products and services.
Exposure visit for Private Veterinary Pharmacies from Afar to Veterinarian Product
Importers and Wholesalers in Addis Ababa: The objectives of this activity were: (1) to enhance
PVPs’ soft and hard skills by creating interactive forums and dialogues between PVPs and
upstream input suppliers and strengthening their
involvement in the institutional and functional
relationships and interactions across input
markets; and (2) to develop PVPs understanding
of the law and enforcement around veterinary
pharmaceutical trade and regulations. During the
course of the visit to wholesalers in Addis Ababa
the Ethiopian veterinary drugs and feed importers
and distributors association; Veterinary Drugs and
Feed Administration and Control Authority
(VDFACA) and Veterinary input suppliers in Ethiopia were involved. Six PVPs from each
woreda of Afar Zone 3 participated in a three-day visit with presentations from the regulatory
authority that included (1) veterinary pharmaceuticals registration system in Ethiopia; (2) good
pharmaceutical distribution practices and good pharmacy practices; (3) statutory packages and
enforcements of the VDFACA; (4) overall discussions and explanations around veterinary drugs
trade in Ethiopia and specifically on challenges and opportunities the PVPs need to explore from
the sector; (5) bilateral discussions and negotiations with Equatorial Business Group, Tropical
Pharmaceutical Trading, and DAT international trading. The PVPs also visited several shops in
Addis Ababa.
Competitive Cost-Shared Business Expansion Grants to Private Mobile Veterinary clinics in
Southern Cluster: In order to further improve availability and access to sustainable animal
health services in the Southern Cluster, during the FY PRIME published a call for
applications/proposals for private veterinary clinic (mobile services) expansion. During this FY
PRIME signed one sub-award agreement with Arero Mobile Veterinary Clinic to expand its
reach and service for additional 900 households.
Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs) Refreshment Training in the Southern
Cluster: The objectives of this activity included: (1) refresh the knowledge and skills and
stimulate CAHW involvement in provision of animal health services within their mandate in the
target woredas; (2) provide a venue for discussing and identification of most prevalent animal
health preservation issues the communities where the invited CAHWs are operating; (3)
strengthen the linkage between CAHWs and PVPs; 4) provide a venue for experience sharing
among CAHWs and between CAHWs and Government Animal health workers. The training was
designed to create a maximum interaction between the facilitators and the participants by
designing facilitation tools that encouraging active participation. The training was delivered in
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two sessions: class based theoretical training and practical group work. 38 of which five female
CAHWs attended the training that was conducted in Moyale on June 3-5, 2016.
Productivity and Competitiveness Improved in the Livestock Feed and Fodder Market Systems
Northern Somali, Afar and Southern Operational Clusters
Improving pastoral and agro-pastoral producer’s access to and utilization of supplement feed and
fodder has been a continuous objective of PRIME
over life of project and activities in the FY have
been implemented in coordination and integration
with IR2, IR3 and IR5, due to the nature of the
market system. To increase the availability of
quality animal feed/fodder in the target areas,
PRIME advertised calls for proposals for
feed/fodder business expansion in all operational
areas. Due to limited agro ecological conditions and
limited marketing opportunities majority of the
business expansion proposals received over the FY did not
show feasible promise for sustainable success. During the
FY PRIME continued to offer technical support to the
limited number of grantees to complete their expansions.
Both “Mohamed Sharifo”, a livestock feed supplier and
recipient of PRIME support started the operation of the feed
store and started supplying concentrate feeds to the local
community. Oromia Pastoralist TVET College in Yabello
started the operation of the animal feed production
facilities-expansions during the FY. In addition, the Oromia
Pastoralist TVET College also started its educational
objective using the feed production facility. PRIME will
support these facilities to establish permanent business links
with supported feedlot operators and poultry SMEs that are currently facing challenges in
assuring consistent supply with various concentrates. To address the pastoralists market segment,
the TVET plans to establish distribution outlets in several woredas in Borena through a micro
franchising model. PRIME has the experience and good track record in supporting micro
franchising business models and will support the effort in the quarters to come. It is expected that
numerous youth employment opportunities will be provided with a successful operation of this
facility.
Additionally, more significant activities aimed at improving the productivity and
competitiveness of the animal feed and fodder market systems implemented within the IR1
objective of PRIME during the FY include:
Hay Making and Fodder Saving Training in the SC: The training objective was to improve the
capacity of the beneficiary groups to produce and conserve animal feed in the quality and
quantity needed for both improved productivity at mean time increased resilience to feed/fodder
shortage incidents. 39 representatives from as many fodder producing groups, government/PDO
experts and rangeland managers selected from 6 enclosure areas participated on two days
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practical and theoretical training. Participants got
good knowledge and skills on traditional way of
fodder conservation and its constraints and
desirable conditions for hay making and urea
molasses treatment (UMT). Field demonstrations
were conducted on Kifle agro-input supplier
nursery site. Based on practical and theoretical
training delivered, two closures “Kalo” areas fodder
producing group, with 400 HH members have
conserved and made hay from 40 hectares of
closure areas and treated 150kg of grass with
molasses and Urea.
Training in Fodder Production and Preservation Techniques for 59 Model Farmers in the
Eastern Cluster: In collaboration with the Somali Regional Livestock and Pastoral Development
Bureau, PRIME conducted three-day training on fodder production and preservation for 59
participants from agricultural cooperatives in Gursum and Erer districts with the expectation that
this will impact 177 impact beneficiaries. The training was conducted in two rounds both
theoretical and practical, one round in each Gursum and Erer district. Participants were selected
from Jigjiga, Gursum, Erer and Babile Oromia.
Hydroponic Fodder Production Research and Demonstration: In an effort to increase
awareness of and exposure to supplementary feed/fodder production technologies appropriate for
dry areas, during the FY PRIME initiated
research of hydroponic fodder production in
its implementation areas. The research aimed
to: (1) study the production and economic
feasibility of hydroponic production and (2)
introduce hydroponic fodder production model
to a wider audience of pastoralists, agro
pastoralists and extension workers. While
commonly viewed as a prohibitively
expensive fodder production method, the
expansion of hydroponic (on demand fodder
production) is rapidly expanding in regions in the world that exert low potential for agricultural
production and yet have high demand for animal products especially milk and eggs.
After testing hydroponic fodder production in the Mercy Corps and PRIME partners field
offices in Jijiga, Negele, Yabello and Arbaminch, demonstration exposure to the technology, its
merits, fodder production cost analysis and alternative technology approaches started being
presented and demonstrated to diversified audience incusing: farmers cooperatives management,
local development agents and small scale livestock fattening groups (usually women). A total of
350 trainees were exposed to the technology. Trainings and demonstration events will continue
over FY 2017. Upon the completion of the research and demonstration activities, PRIME will
transfer the equipment and technology to be further used for education through practical
application by academic institutions and agricultural research stations as well as potentially to
22
TVET Colleges as interest is shown by those institutions to carry on with either the research of
demonstration to interested producers.
Key result 1.2: Market linkages improved
Business to Business Forum Between Livestock Traders and Commercial Abattoirs in the
Eastern Cluster: The objective of this activity, the type of which was regularly conducted with
PRIME support in the past quarters was to create
constant market linkages between livestock traders
involved in commercial off taking in Siti zone and
commercial slaughter houses in Addis, Modjo,
Debraziet and Adama. The workshop brought together
local Livestock traders, big livestock exporters and
abattoirs in the Dire Dawa Siesta Hotel. The one-day
event was jointly organized by PRIME and the AGP-
LMD Project. A total of 35 participants from the
private sectors and government officials attended the
B2B event. LMD managed to motivate four export
abattoirs, representatives from the Ethiopian Meat and
Dairy Institute as facilitators, four major live animal exporters and two government officials to
take active part in this meeting. PRIME on the other hand invited and facilitated the presence of
22 local livestock traders and exporters, majority of which are PRIME destocking contractors
operating in the Siti zone.
Livestock Supply Workshop at Adama: PRIME facilitated the workshop in collaboration with
the Ethiopian Meat and Dairy Development Institute and Ethiopian Live Animal Traders
Association. The workshops aim was to address paradox in demand and supply in livestock
market system. Presentation on livestock welfare and international livestock market standards
have been made by Ethiopian Meat and Dairy Development Institute. Business to Business
discussion and temporary trade deal/negotiations have been made successfully. 16 local livestock
traders/feedlot operators and 10 central market actors (6 abattoirs and 4 live animal exporters)
were introduced to each other and made trade deals. Eventually, central market actors have
ordered more than 10,000 livestock heads (shoats & cattle). Each feedlot operator/livestock
trader has been linked with at least 2 abattoirs/exporters. The Ethiopian Livestock Traders
Association initiated opening of coordination office in Borana zone (Yabello) and invited local
traders to register for membership. The Association represents traders, facilitates trade
relationship among members and along supply chain as well as offers services in duty free
import of livestock transportation means and holding ground land acquiring.
Business to business discussion forum conducted between feedlot operators, livestock traders
and meat retailers / hotel/ restaurant: Recognizing that the growing domestic market for
livestock products is additional potential for pastoral regions livestock producers facilitated
market linkage with domestic customers: hotels, restaurants and retail butchers. During the FY
several B2B discussion forums were conducted in Guji Zone at Negelle Borena with a total of 20
participating enterprises from the hospitality and catering industry.
23
Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Afar Zone 3 Livestock Market Infrastructure: To improve
the livestock marketing system in the region, PRIME Afar
Cluster IR1 team in coordination with Regional Pastoral
and Agricultural Development Bureau (PADB), during the
FY initiated and conducted rehabilitation and regular
maintenance activities of four primary market centers in
the cluster. Major rehabilitation work included:
(1)installation of shades; (2) installation and fixing of
water tankers; (3) assuring water supply line and water
pumps for Dulesa market; (4) maintenance and repairing
of livestock loading ramps, water troughs, communal
latrine, doors, fences, etc. During Quarter 14 all
rehabilitation works have been completed and handed over
to the regional PADB and respective woreda government
offices that manage the markets. Along with handover,
discussion and agreements were made with concerned
woreda GO to share responsibility and ensure sustainable
functionality and maintenance of the markets in the future.
The issues discussed and actions taken include:
Ensure sustainable functionality of the market centers in discussion and coordination with
woreda PADOs, Admin, finance, water supply office, etc.;
PADOs and town authorities will be responsible for hiring guards for the market centers;
PADOs will be responsible for assuring sustainable water supply and costs related;
PADOs will be responsible for sustainable utilization of maintained latrine/toilets and water
supply for livestock as well as organizing latrine/toilets maintenance through charging for
usage during market days;
PADOs will use 60% of the tax collected by finance for this and other purpose through
woreda PADOs;
Mobilization of livestock producers and traders to use the market centers will be carried out
in coordination with woreda administration and police, key livestock traders, community
market facilitators, kebele administration, clan leaders and influential individuals and through
enforcing live animal marketing regulation.
Key Result 1.3: Enabling Environment Improved
Discussion Forum/Workshop for Livestock Traders and Transporters for Better Livestock
Transportation Systems in the Southern
Cluster: Borena and Guji zone are known by
production and supply of livestock for both
local and export market. Currently, animals
traded are transported along all the supply
chain either by ordinary truck or on hoof.
However, the competitiveness of animal
transport is affected by various problems. To
identify and address problems involved in
livestock transportation system, two
24
workshops were conducted in Negelle Borena and Yabello, bringing together actors including
transporters, livestock traders, brokers and relevant government bodies. 67 people (10 females)
participated in both workshops. The following issues and problems were raised:
Lack of awareness on new proclamation on animal transportation and welfare
No health service before animal transported at market center
Lack of follow up from owners during loading
Overloading of vehicles
Inexistence of resting places for animal on the transportation routes
Outside market center marketing/ illegal traders
Poor experience of drivers in transporting live animals
Several action points were discussed and raised among the participants in the workshops
including: (1) government offices such as the trade and market development office, PDO,
transport office, municipality office and traffic police have recognized the problems and agreed
to work on addressing those problems in coordinated way; (2) facilitation of training for creating
awareness on animal welfare and new policy of live animal transportation for all actors is
needed; (3) all livestock traders participating in the business should be licensed; (4) improving
market infrastructures (loading and unloading) and facilitating duty free import of animal
transportation trucks for interested investors should be strongly considered.
Key Result 1.4: Effective Emergency Response Protects Pastoralists’ Assets
During the FY 2016 a large portion of PRIME targeted areas was under the influence of adverse
effects of the El Niño climatic phenomena. It brought drought in the North East areas of
Ethiopia, some of which overlapped with PRIME target areas for an extended period of over one
year. Hence, during the FY PRIME focused on this key result by implementing several crisis
modifying and emergency activities, using approaches that preserve and further contribute to the
development of the key market systems.
Support to the Somali Regional State Authorities in the
emergency Fodder Transportation from Gode to ten kebeles
in three woredas of the Siti Zone: From mid-2015, the El-
Nino phenomena induced drought, produced serious reduction
in pasture, browse and water availability for the livestock
reared in the majority of the northern woredas of ESRS. The
Ethiopian Somali Regional Government purchased during
March of 2016 a large quantity of Sudan grass fodder from
several agriculture cooperatives located in the Shebele Zone
along the Shebele river. The ESRS Government made a pledge to the humanitarian and
development agencies operating in the region to assist the transportation of the fodder purchased
from the Shebele Zone to the drought affected areas in the Siti Zone. PRIME reacted to this call
and rented 10 trailer trucks to transport 480 MT of dry Sudan grass and deliver it beneficiaries in
10 kebeles in the Siti zone located in Shinile, Hadegala and Ayshia woredas. The fodder
distribution to the affected households was conducted by the kebele administrations and as a
25
result 1,037 households were able to obtain supplement fodder for their herds and flocks as
emergency assistance.
Supporting Control of High Impact Animal Diseases in Zone 3 of Afar through Facilitation of
Livestock Vaccination: Implementation of this sub-activity began in March 2016 in Awash
Fentale woreda. 25,200 sheep and goats have been vaccinated against sheep and goat pox with
PRIME support by the Awash Fentale public animal health service providers. In the course of
implementing this activity, 12 CAHWs and 12 government staff participated in both vaccinating
and coordinating. Implementation of the activity continued in the remaining 5 woredas of Zone 3
of Afar during Quarter15.
Commercial Destocking of Sheep and Goats in Drought Affected Areas of Siti Zone of ESRS
and Zone 3 of Afar: Due to the failure of two consecutive rainy seasons in the North and
Western parts of Somali Regional State of Ethiopia
and Afar; drought severely affected large number of
pastoral households resulting in declining body
condition and death of large number of livestock.
Field reports developed in Quarter13 of PRIME in
September 2015 confirmed that most of districts in
Siti zones are affected and facing serious
disruptions in the core function of the livestock
market system. Over the FY 2016 PRIME
implemented three separate interventions in order to stimulate livestock offtake from the drought
affected areas through the regular market system while protecting the value of livestock owned
by the livestock rearing households. In order to
tackle the poor livestock market conditions and in
effect market interruption due to the drought
without affecting but rather improving the market
system, PRIME facilitated commercial destocking
in 11 drought affected woredas including: Awash
Fentale, amibara, Argoba, Dulecha and Gewane of
Zone 3 in Afar and Erer, Shinile, Dembel, Hadigala,
Biki, Afdem and Gursum of ESRS. The activities
aimed at intensifying the livestock off take from
Siti and Afar in partnership with local registered
and licensed livestock trading enterprises qualified
to receive a livestock destocking subsidy for the animals they purchase and sell in markets away
from the drought affected areas.
In reviewing the past interventions and destocking approaches used by different institutions the
PRIME team addressed the following methodologies: (1) provision of direct loans to businesses
to be used to increase livestock offtake and trade (cooperatives, private traders, financial
institutions etc.); (2) direct livestock purchasing and slaughtering conducted by relief
organizations; (3) offering facilitation familiarization and linkage events for livestock traders and
communities etc. Some of these methodologies are or were recently rendered illegal. This mostly
relates to international organizations purchasing livestock from producers directly or indirectly.
26
Other methodologies are illegal or poorly regulated, such as provision of direct loans to livestock
traders; and some promote poor slaughtering practices and pose health risks while sending the
wrong development messages to the livestock rearing communities, such as rewards for poor
planning and management and perpetuating unsanitary and environmentally unsound roadside
slaughter destocking. To facilitate destocking through increased livestock offtake by registered
and licensed trading companies, PRIME developed a new model for a destocking subsidy
contract, by which the eligible and willing livestock traders are to be provided a destocking
subsidy per head of sheep or goat destocked from the targeted markets, and including animal
traceability and verification paperwork procedures. The activities relied on the market actors
naturally involved in the livestock value chain to do their functions in a more intensified way
stimulated by the purchase subsidy.
Eligible livestock traders were selected following a transparent process of reviewing expressions
of interest from all local livestock trading enterprises that expressed interest. The eligible trading
enterprises were offered a subsidy contract based on their foreseen potential to offtake small
ruminants in three activities between November 2015 and June 2016. By the end of June 2016,
thirty livestock trading enterprises (8 in Afar and 22 in Siti Zone) destocked 38,200 sheep and
goats from the targeted markets. The off-take subsidy varied based on market conditions from
210 to 250 ETB/per head of small ruminant animal (sheep or goat) and was positioned in value
to offset the additional costs that the traders incurred during the process of marketing of the
livestock. The subsidy was the driving force of the commercial destocking and the traders used it
to cover the cost of transportation through delivery to slaughterhouses, purchasing animal feed
the mapping points is identical to that used for the intensive monitoring points.
So far, 135 monitoring plots have been established in Borana, Guji, Afar, and Somali and this
work is still ongoing. The number of pilot baseline data collection plots are expected to increase
next year. The table below summarizes the number of rangeland health monitoring pilots
established so far.
Area Rangeland Treatments Control Total
Afar Amibara 3 3 6
Awash 3 3 6
Gowane 5 3 8
Borena Dirre 18 18 36
Gomolle 6 6 12
Malbe 9 9 18
Guji Dida 14 6 20
Golba Genale 9 9 18
Somali Kebribeyah 3 8 11
Total 70 65 135
Range ecology training to government experts and members of the rangeland councils In the reporting year, PRIME has facilitated a four day capacity building training on Range
ecology for about 50 people represented by rangeland council members, community
representatives and government experts in Babile Somali. The objective of the training was to
improve participants' understanding of basic concepts of range ecology and grazing management
techniques that can help them in their communities' day-to-day rangeland restoration activities.
The training included field practice and demonstrations of the application of some rangeland
monitoring tools including an animal use summary, Rangeland Health Evaluation (RHE)
exercise, and Grazing Response Index (GRI) where the intensity, timing, and duration of grazing
is assessed. The trainers were a group of experts from Jijiga University, the PRIME IR2 team
and government experts previously trained on the same subject.
GPS training and data gathering for mapping of PRIME interventions
PRIME’s GIS expert (Beressa Edessa) has been providing GPS training for PRIME’s field teams
of all IRs in all the three clusters with the aim of facilitating GPS data (coordinate) collection for
all PRIME supported activities in order to facilitate the mapping of all project activities. The
mapping of the activities are expected to provide information for the PRIME management team
to decide where and what to focus on during the remaining project period and to ensure at least
geographic integration of the different components of the project activities being supported under
the different IRs. Accordingly, the field teams for each IR have collected data and the project’s
GIS expert for all the three clusters (Oromia, Somali and Afar) has done the mapping of the
project activities.
In Afar, PRIME’s Gewane team and PRIME’s GIS expert discussed with the regional Bureau of
Environmental protection and land use (EPLUA) how to work together more closely to ensure
coordination and avoid duplication of efforts. During the meeting, support for GIS management
33
and implementation was identified as an area to be provided by PRIME. As a result, GIS
technical support was offered to EPLUA regional experts to build their capacity, exchange
PRIME project and other legacy data for the region, to strengthen collaboration and coordination
and minimize unnecessary duplication of efforts as well as facilitate collaboration with the Afar
regional EPLUA bureau.
Building the Capacity of Local and Regional DPPBs in Improved Early Warning
Information Management and Dissemination Methods
Website development for the Afar regional DPFSPCO to enhance and strength their early
warning system: PRIME helped the Afar regional DPFSPCO in developing its own website as
part of enhancing and strengthening the regional early warning (EW) system. The website is vital
for the early warning system by enabling the sharing of situational analysis updates, rapid
assessment reports and relevant climate information that will help users identify vulnerable
districts and the most likely threats.
The overly delayed process of website development for the regional DPFSPC office has finally
been completed and handed over to the regional DPFSPC office. Currently the website is
functional and can be accessed at the website address: http://dpfspco.gov.et.
Training on Basic Data Collection and Dissemination Techniques for Kebele Early
Warning Committee Members: Training on basic early warning data collection and
information dissemination techniques were given for 66 (47 Men, 19 Women) KEWCMs which
were extracted from 30 kebeles of all target six woredas of the PRIME project during the
reporting year. The first training was conducted from May 26-27, 2016 for trainees from
Amibara, Gela’alu, and Gewane woredas and the second training was conducted on the next two
consecutive days from May 28-29, 2016 for trainees from Awash Fentale, Dulessa, and Argoba
woredas. The trainees were KEWC members that include kebele based Development Agents
(DAs), health extension workers, school directors, and community representatives. From each
kebele, two participants were selected, thus a total of 10 KEWCMs and 1 woreda PADO EW
expert have attended the training.
The training helped the revitalization of EW data collection and dissemination to woreda DPP
desks, and in return, the dissemination of available EWI/advisories to the community. Therefore,
at this first phase of the training KEWCMs, the trainees were selected among those community
members who are literate and can understand and fill out the monthly data collection formats.
The training was facilitated by the regional DPFSPCO EW experts, and woreda DPP EW experts
have also assisted the trainees in exercising (group works on filling and understanding) the
monthly and weekly data collection format that are currently being used by the DPFSPCO. In
addition, trainees have also developed an action plan that can assist them in accomplishing their
woredas) attended and an absence was recorded from only 2 woredas (Kori and Koneba
woredas) with unknown reasons.
PRIME is supporting the regional Disaster Prevention Food Security Projects Coordination
Office (DPFSPCO) and local level DPP desks to enhance their capacity and systems for effective
CBDRR intervention. PRIME is facilitating the adoption of improved early warning information
dissemination systems, demonstrating PSP processes (application of climate information for
CbDRR planning and decision-making), provision of different capacity building trainings,
awareness creation events, supporting seasonal performance assessments, engaging on
emergency response interventions (provision of livestock feed) etc.
This sub-activity was implemented with the aim of introducing and supporting the
institutionalization of the PSP process as a valuable approach to build the adaptive capacity of
communities and institutions towards climate change. By valuing the benefits of the PSP model,
the regional DPFSPCO has taken the initiative to facilitate the promotion and the adoption of
PSP on all of its structures (DPP structure at woreda of the region). Therefore, through this sub-
activity, PRIME has provided the necessary financial and technical supports required for
facilitating and illustrating the ownership of the process by the office. The PSP model works by
engaging different stakeholders and allowing them to prepare a flexible and wide range of
CbDRR plans based on possible future climate scenarios. PSP assists pastoralist and agro-
pastoral households, community based institutions, local and/or regional government institutions
to make informed decisions for preparedness and response actions based on the available climate
information.
According to the feedbacks from the trainees, the training has enhanced their capacity on
CbDRR planning and raised awareness on climate change, climate change impacts, application
38
of climate information for decision-making. The training also helped with assessing and
understanding available EW information dissemination systems (mechanisms), increased their
awareness on meteorological services provided by NMA, and the principles and use of
downscaled scientific climate information and traditional weather forecasting systems.
The training helped the participants to acquire the knowledge and understanding needed to
prepare a CbDRR plan based on existing seasonal climate information, and by incorporating the
indigenous knowledge on early warning in the DRR and preparedness planning process. It also
helped participants identify the most and appropriate preparedness and response actions that can
be implemented at a local level for building better adaptive capacity and resilience of
communities and institutions.
Key result 2.3: Implementation of climate solutions
Supporting the restoration and rehabilitation of rangelands
Rangeland restoration activities through different techniques including physical soil and water
conservation measures, selective bush clearing and protection of degraded areas from livestock
interference to allow vegetation recovery provides both economic and environmental benefit
through increased rangeland productivity. Communities across all the three clusters were keen
and committed to continue with different natural resource restoration activities regardless of the
drought challenges encountered during the reporting year in most of the project intervention
areas and have accomplished a significant amount of works during the reporting year.
Rangeland rehabilitation activities undertaken at Erer Gotha
39
SWC measures (left) and enclosure (right) underway at Nebed Gelle, Babile
In East cluster Babile Oromia Nebed Gelle sub-grazing unit, Harshin, Erer-Gotha, Mulli and
Gashamo, communities have undertaken different rangeland restoration activities including the
construction of soil bunds, stone-faced bunds, selective bush thinning and fencing of areas
identified to be enclosed to reduce pressure from livestock interference and allow vegetation
recovery.
Likewise in South cluster, PRIME has been supporting communities of Gomolle, Dirre, Malbe,
Golbo, Woyama and Filtu rangeland systems on different rangeland restoration activities, mainly
with a focus on selective bush clearing, area closures and some physical soil and water
conservation measures around the catchment areas of Haro-bake micro-dam in the reporting
fiscal year. Communities of four kebeles surrounding Haro-bake micro-dam, namely Bake-town,
Cholkasa, Dhadim, Dida Yabello and Harboro kebeles, have been involved in the restoration
activities of the catchment areas of the micro-dam. Each community has done different soil and
water conservation activities like soil bunds, micro-basin structures and fencing off of the areas
they identified to be protected for recovery within parts of the catchment areas that are in their
respective kebeles.
In Afar, PRIME’s support on rangeland restoration activities has been focusing on Prosopis
clearing and management through the integration of mechanical and manual labour, particularly
in Amibara, Gewane-gelalo, and Awash Fentale woredas. In Dulessa and Argoba woredas,
restoration of degraded areas through area closure and physical soil and water conservation
measures were the priorities. Therefore, communities of Amibara, and Gewane-gelalo rangeland
systems have prioritized Prosopis clearing among the other range restoration and rehabilitation
activities they want to implement and they have undertaken 330ha of Prosopis clearing in
Halaydege area. PRIME provided its front loader machine with an operator and fuel/oil, and
lunch allowances and technical support to communities on the public work days. The district
pastoral agriculture development office has also supported the activity by assigning a focal
person for follow up, mobilization, and facilitating the day-to-day implementation of the activity.
Rangeland management council members have played a key role in the mobilization and
coordination of the community to participate in the task. The activity was planned to continue in
Bonketo-Molale grazing unit of Gewane-Gelalu rangeland system but because of a heavy rain
and also long overdue maintenance requirement for the loader machine, the clearing activity has
been interrupted. In Argoba and Dulessa, they focused on the restoration of degraded areas
through different soil and water conservation measures, including area closures, construction of
soil bunds, etc. The following table summarizes the type and quantity of different rangeland
restoration activities accomplished across the three regions during the reporting year:
40
Summary of rangeland rehabilitation activities accomplished in the reporting year.
Rangeland Area of land cleared (Ha) to-date
Selective Bush thinning /Prosopis Clearing
Afar Amibara 330
Argoba 154
Dulessa 54
Total 538 ha
South Gomolle 1007
Dirre 596
Malbe 365
Wayama 71.5
Golbo 200
Filtu 35
Total 2274.5
East Mulli 845
Erer-Gotha 560
Gashamo-Daror 555
Babile Somali 200
Babile Oromia 250
Kebribeyah 800
Harshin 300
Total 3,510
G/Total 6,322.5ha
Prosopis clearing activity and after the regeneration of lost grass & other spp Halidegie
grazing area.
Water points development and rehabilitation
In most pastoral areas, scarcity of water affects the well-being of many pastoralists and seriously
limits their endeavors to develop livestock and rangeland resources. Considering the severity of
the problem of water scarcity, PRIME has continued supporting the development of water points,
mainly surface ponds and Birkas that hugely benefit thousands of pastoralists and agro-
pastoralist communities. Over the last 3 years, the water points constructed and rehabilitated by
PRIME have ensured better access to water services to thousands of households across the three
clusters and have improved their resilience. The development of these water points have also
improved the utilization of dry season grazing areas that used to be used for only a short period
41
of time due to the lack access to water. In the reporting year, PRIME supported the rehabilitation
and construction of ten water points in the three clusters. The water points include six ponds
(Jingada pond & Dibilie pond in Kebribeyah; Awhyrad pond in Babile Somali rangeland
systems, one in Afar Awash Fentale; Kutele Erebe pond; and two in the Southern cluster:
Bursano pond in Golba Genale and Dhungo in Dida rangeland system), two Birkas in Harshin,
and two traditional wells in Dida rangeland systems in the southern cluster.
In the Afar Awash rangeland system, construction of the Kuutele-Erebe pond has been
undertaken by hiring a construction company and mobilizing a chain excavator. Construction
and stabilization of a 25m lined inlet canal and silt trap of the embankment were the key
activities carried out, besides the excavation of the main reservoir of the pond. The pond has a
capacity to harvest about 7,500m3 of water and support 1,023 households for 3-4 months during
dry season. The local community has contributed their labor in fencing the water point.
Kutele-Erebe pond under construction
The construction of the three surface water-harvesting ponds in East cluster (Jingade, Dibile, and
Awhyrad ponds) have been done using PRIME’s front wheel loader machine supported by rental
dump trucks to dispose of excavated materials. Jingade pond has the capacity to harvest 10,500
cubic meters of water and benefit about 517HHs. Diblie pond is also planned to harvest about
14,000 m3 of water and support 385 households, and Awhyrad pond has the capacity to harvest
7,500 cubic meters of water and support 650 households. Communities have actively participated
in the construction of all the water points and contributed free labor, particularly for compacting
the embankment and for fencing of the water points after the completion of the construction
works.
Dible pond under construction
42
In Southern Cluster, construction of one new pond with the capacity to harvest about 10,500
cubic meters of water and support about 650HHs, and rehabilitation of one pond (Bursano in
Golba genale) and rehabilitation of two traditional wells (Ellas) in Dheeda Dida, have been
supported during the reporting year. The rangeland council members, together with PRIME’s
team and Woreda PDO, have played key roles in the identification of the location of this new
water point and in mobilizing communities for the works. The excavation works were
completely done by PRIME’s front wheel loader machine and dump trucks were also rented for
disposing the excavated materials from the pond’s reservoir. At Dhingo pond, a total of 17,744
m3 of soil was excavated to a depth of 3.5m and the pond has the capacity to harvest about
15,082 cubic meters of water that could support 400HHs in Siminto sub-grazing unit as key dry
season water source.
Due to the scarcity of surface water, traditional wells are the most important source of water,
particularly in dry season grazing areas in Borana. These traditional wells, locally called Ellas,
have a significant social, cultural, and economic role in the Boran communities’ pastoral way of
life. Ellas are considered a communal water point and all clans in the area have equal rights of
use. The two Ellas rehabilitated are located along the riverbank and used to be flooded every
season, threatening the existence of the Ellas. Local communities used to invest their time and
labor year after year following every season to fix the damages caused by the flooding. PRIME
facilitated the assessment and identification of the technical gaps with active involvement of the
community members, Woreda government partners, and the rangeland councils and facilitated
the rehabilitation of the two wells. The rehabilitation works included the construction of masonry
stabilization walls, river training measures and water collection troughs. Two new cattle troughs
were also constructed on the side of each well, upgrading the existing wasteful traditional
troughs made of mud. These two Ellas are expected to benefit more than 400 households for
both domestic and livestock uses year-round.
PRIME’ front wheel loader on pond excavation duty in Did Liban, Guji Zone
43
Summary of Water Points Rehabilitated/developed in year IV of PRIME’s budget year
Cluster S/N Range land Name or type of the water point Capacity
(m3)
# of user
households
South 1 Golba genale Bursano pond 2,500 100
2 Dida Dheeda Dhungo pond -new 17,744 400
3 Dida Dheeda Jilo Goma & Did Huka Ellas -
rehabilitation
Constant
yield
400
Afar 4 Awash
Fentale
Kutele Erebe pond - new 7,500 1,023
East 5 Babile
Somali
Awhyrad pond - new 7500 650
6 Kebribeyah Dibilie pond - new 14,000 385
7 Kebribeyah Jingada pond - new 10,500 517
8 Harshin Masle Birka - rehabilitation 776 60
9 Harshin Da’awaley Birka -rehabilitation 680 250
Total 3785
Hay making training for elders and range council members of Dire dheeda
The spring was the main rainy season ‘Gana” in Borana, PRIME has been promoting hay
making practices by harvesting and storing grasses for dry season use. Hence, the project
organized trainings and awareness raising events to encourage pastoralists and agro-pastoralists
on fodder saving (hay making) techniques, particularly on communal enclosures (Kallos) in Dire
rangeland. A total of 40 community elders and rangeland council members (13 of them women)
from four sub-rangeland units of the Dire grazing system (“Reeras” namely Danbala-dhibayu,
Hara-alo, Annole, and Melbana) participated in the training. Similar training was given in Wader
rangeland system in Guji zones, mainly for Social analysis and action (SAA) group members in
six kebeles (Heba, Anchoka, S/Lagu, Tulam, Derba and S/Garbi). A total of 47 people (7 female)
have participated in the three day training.
The training enabled the participants to improve their traditional ways of pasture management by
saving fodder without losing its nutrients (hay making time) and how to store it for a long period,
as well as how to apply a cut and carry system without causing overgrazing and degradation in
communal enclosure sites. After the training, the participants set up action plans for their
respective areas (enclosure sites in their respective sub-rangeland units) to harvest and save the
fodder, starting from early July 2016 using the techniques they learned during the training.
Furthermore, the training will support all communities that are directly benefitting from those
communal enclosures in saving a better amount and quality of fodder for their livestock for the
next dry season.
Participatory Scenario planning (PSP) workshop and Advisory dissemination
In the reporting year, PRIME continued to facilitate participatory scenario planning workshops,
creating a space for traditional and scientific forecasters to communicate their respective
seasonal forecasts to the stakeholders and facilitate a discussion on the different scenarios and
the development of preparedness plans. This also included the development of advisory
messages to be disseminated with the wider community. The PSP process empowers local
governments and community members to validate upcoming seasonal climate risks and impacts
44
against existing coping strategies, and provides further analysis of local climate patterns and the
likelihood of hazard occurrence in order to come up with the most effective and sustainable
strategies to reduce vulnerability and adapt to disaster impacts. The PSP process creates a
common platform for climate communication, which respects, reviews and combines knowledge
from pastoral communities and the scientific community, and helps communities and local
governments to agree on options, develop disaster preparedness plans, and make climate-resilient
livelihood decisions for implementation.
Accordingly, PRIME facilitated 29 PSP workshops across the three PRIME operational areas of
Afar, South and Somali region. The PSP events were organized twice in some woredas before
the onset of short and main rainy seasons and once in the remaining woredas just before the
onset of the main rainy season. A total of 1275 participants (184 women) drawn from regional
Meteorology Agency directorates, traditional forecasters, Administration, PDO, DPPO, water,
education, health, and women’s affairs councils of respective woredas and top rangeland council
elders took part on the workshops. Moreover, private sector actors including feed/fodder,
livestock drug suppliers and livestock traders also participated. Institutionalization of the
approach by the DPBs in Afar and Somali regions and the respective DPPB bureaus in Borena
and Liben zones encouraged integration of PSP into community livelihood adaptation and local
government development planning, enhancing continuity of the process. The table below
summarizes PSP workshop participants in the reporting year:
Cluster and Woreda PSP Workshop participants
Male Female Total
South Gorodola 88 15 103
Wadera 93 9 102
Yabelo 50 13 63
Dire 45 12 57
Dilo 41 12 53
Teltele 47 13 60
Dhas 50 2 52
Moyale 57 5 62
Miyo 61 2 63
Liban 57 8 65
Arero 77 5 82
Afar Awash Fentale 22 5 27
Argoba 14 4 18
Dulessa 25 4 29
Amibara 15 4 19
Gela’alu 18 5 23
Gewane 17 7 24
East Babile 48 7 55
Erer Gotha 45 10 55
Mieso/Muli 37 17 54
K/bayah/Jigjiga 100 3 103
Daror 41 12 53
Gashamo 43 10 53
Total 1091 184 1275
45
The process enabled the participants to consider climatic probabilities with uncertainty in the
climate forecast, assessing their likely hazards, risks, identification of feasible adaptation
options, opportunities and impacts, and developing scenario based plans. Discussions made on
the potential implications of the scenarios developed on livelihoods designed contingencies that
adequately respond to the levels of risk and uncertainty. It also enabled them to create a linkage
between community and the government in developing joint adaptation plans to respond to
climatic risks. The table below summarizes an example of forecast information and advisories
developed during the PSP workshops for Borena and Guji Zone woredas for the short Hagayya
rainy season:
S/N Zone Woreda Rainfall
Forecast
Information
General
observation &
trend observed
Key hazard
identified
Advisories for adaptation Opportunities
1 Guji Liban 35% above
normal, 45%
normal and
20% below
normal
Normal to
above normal
rain is
expected
Drought,
crop pest,
human and
livestock
diseases
outbreak,
and
unexpected
flood,
The following packages of
advisories were identified;
-Economic use of pasture
like hay making and farm
residues, timely
rehabilitation of water
point.
-Using the existing kalos
wisely.
-Practicing bylaw of dry
and wet season grazing
area and rearranging
settlements.
-Timely rehabilitation of
existing kalos.
-Timely selling of animals
-and saving in bank/
changing to permanent
assets
-Changing some animals to
drought resistant
animals.eg:-camels &
shoats
-Giving awareness to
mothers in order not to be
exposed to malnutrition.
-Facilitating for mothers to
get water & pasture around
in order not to affect the
baby
-Creating awareness to join
livestock insurance
-Planting early maturing
crops
-Selling some animals &
purchasing food for the
remaining.
Using treated water for
consumption, using
mosquito net to prevent
disease are the major one
-Governments
strong support on
implementation of
adaptation
measures,
-Government
watershed
management
program
-Community &
kebele level EW
committee for
wider
dissemination of
EWI
- community
level HEWs
good community
understanding
about disease
symptoms and
prevention measu
res
-Presence of DAs
at
community/kebele
level
good supply of
pesticides in the
area
2 Wadera
&
Gorodola
zone15%
above, 60%
normal and
25% below
normal
Normal to
above normal
rain is
expected
3 Borena Arero 33% above
normal
-33% normal
and
-33%below
normal
the rain starts
late and ends
on time; and
generally
below normal
4 Moyale -33% above
normal
-33% normal
and
-33%below
normal
rain will delay
in onset, but
normal
cessation with
relatively low
amount
5 Miyo below
normal 10%
above
normal, 40
Normal rain
and 50%
below
normal
Normal to
above normal
rain is
expected
6 Dhas -33% above
normal
-33% normal
and
-33%below
normal
the rain starts
late and ends
on time; and
generally
below normal
46
Dissemination of PSP Advisories for Household and Community Resilience
Following the participatory scenario development processes, advisories were developed and
translated into local languages and disseminated through the facilitation and support of the
project to reach to the wider community through different methods. Respective woreda DPPO,
EW committee members, members of the rangeland council, and DAs played a key role in the
dissemination of the PSP advisories and implementation of adaptation actions. Timely access to,
and communication of, seasonal climate advisories from PSP is empowering communities to
take advantage of the opportunities that climate presents, which is a key part of adapting to
climate change. The scenario-based advisory messages are prepared in a leaflet form, and
translated into the local languages of respective regions in a user-friendly format for quick and
easy understanding of the advisory information.
Advisory template distribution to facilitators at Erer (left), and dissemination of PSP advisories during public gatherings, Wadera district, Guji zone(right)
To ensure the timely dissemination and utilization of PSP advisories, a team composed of the
PRIME technical team, community early warning committees, and government line offices
monitored 16 woredas of all three regions, and it was found that approximately 21,069 people
received the PSP advisories. Beneficiaries included agro-pastoral households, VSLA members,
CAHWs, traders and woreda sector offices. Most households received the advisory information
directly from DRM members and rangeland councils at village level rangeland management
discussions, public gatherings and kebele meetings. The table below summarizes the number of
communities who received the advisories in South and Somali clusters:
Cluster Woreda Number of people received the
advisories
Male Female Total
South Miyo 1331 784 2115
Moyale 959 704 1663
Dhas 694 757 1451
Liban 2295 426 2721
Arero 1607 784 2391
Total 6886 3455 10341
East Babile 1120 368 1488
Mieso/Muli 1230 480 1710
47
K/Bayah/Jigjiga 1020 980 2000
Daror 1020 980 2000
Gashamo 1020 980 2000
Erer Gotha 1250 280 1530
Total 6660 4068 10,728
Training on PSP model and Application of Climate Information for Local Decision-making
During the reporting year, two PSP model trainings were facilitated in Afar, at Awash 7 kilo and
Asayta towns from the 23-24th and 27-28th of September 2016 aimed at introducing the PSP
model to the Afar regional government’s early warning and disaster prevention and preparedness
bureaus at a different level (regional and Woreda) and institutionalization of the PSP process.
The training is part of the institutional capacity building of government partners and contributes
towards the adaptive capacity of communities and institutions in climate change, making optimal
decisions for preparedness and timely responses based on the available climate information and
different scenarios developed, CbDRR planning, and enhancing capacity of EW experts on
application of climate information for decision-making. Forty-four participants (9 women) drawn
from traditional forecasters, meteorologist, DPFSPCO experts, the head of the DPFSPCO, and
EWFS process owner, attended the training.
The training enabled the participants to understand CbDRR planning, enhance their awareness
on climate change, climate change impacts, and application of climate information for decision-
making. The participants also realized the importance of integrating both traditional weather
forecasting systems and downscaled scientific climate forecast information in local decision-
making.
Trainees exercising CbDRR planning
Social Analysis and Action (SAA) for Adaptation and Resilience in Pastoral Communities
Household livelihood strategies in pastoral areas are shaped by socio-cultural, behavioral,
economic and environmental contexts. In 2014, PRIME adopted the SAA methodology as a
communication tool and iterative process to work with communities through regularly recurring
dialogue and collective action to address underlying drivers of vulnerability to climate change
and the behavioral and socio-cultural factors limiting adaptive capacity, from the very personal
to the highly structural levels.
48
Over the last two years, PRIME facilitated the establishment of 64 SAA groups (7 in Afar, 25 in
South and 32 in East clusters). The community facilitators for each of the groups were given
capacity building training and attended a sensitization workshop to introduce the SAA approach
and raise awareness among the public. In addition to establishing new groups and training sub-
group facilitators from the community, PRIME has been facilitating the SAA conversations in
each of the subgroups with a focus on priority areas like fodder production and hay making,
gender issues in relation to adaptation, a savings culture, equitable gender norms, and herd
management. PRIME continued supporting SAA groups’ dialogues and discussions to address
the underlying causes of climate change vulnerability, and socio-cultural factors limiting
adaptive capacity. From the very personal to different community levels in all the three
operational areas, Afar, Somali and South clusters, involving core SAA groups composed of
community early warning committees, members of the rangeland council, development agents,
local pastoral and agricultural development offices, health extension workers, and women and
youth groups.
In Afar, three woredas (Argoba, Amibara and Awash) and 7 pilot SAA groups with 165
members (63 Women) conducted their regular monthly dialogues focusing on behavioral and
attitudinal change on prioritized socio-cultural and behavioral issues that hinder their adaptation
to climate change. PRIME provided refreshments and material support including saving boxes.
Similarly, in the southern cluster, two SAA groups in Liben woreda of the Guji zone were able to
produce improved fodder and saved it as hay for the dry season. In Guji Zone, Wadera and
Gorodola woredas, 11 SAA groups have harvested fodder and begun fattening animals.
During the year, monitoring visits held by a team composed of PRIME, SAA group facilitators
and represented SAA members have indicated that the SAA approach has helped the groups to
understand key socio-cultural barriers and constraints, encouraging them to overcome challenges
and start implementation of climate smart and adaptive livelihood strategies. In southern cluster,
Woyama and Dida rangeland systems, 35 members of the SAA groups developed their
individual action plans that included conserving pasture for hay making, petty trading, livestock
fattening, opening bank accounts and saving money, and livestock trading. In east cluster, SAA
groups established in Babile and Erer were provided a refresher training on facilitation skills and
the technical aspects of saving and fodder production.
SAA group members at Hariro village(Borana)during hay making (left), Qabale Hussen, Irdar SAA
group member in Borana (right) is completing the constructed 4 room house to rent for shops
49
In addition to directly implementing activities based on the SAA dialogues, the SAA group
members have served as good models for co-villagers to engage in the production and
management of fodder. In this regard, 52 community members in two kebeles of Wayama
rangeland have preserved fodder as hay.
Improved Fodder Production
In Afar, supplementary improved fodder production and promotion was piloted as an alternative
livelihood adaptation through demonstrating fodder cultivation practice with 60 beneficiaries
selected from 10 kebeles of Amibara and Argoba woredas. Three types of improved fodder seeds
(15kg Panicum, 52kg Alfalfa, and 153kg Cowpea) were distributed to the beneficiaries through a
cost-sharing approach. Initially, the plan was to cultivate forage by rain-fed farming in Argoba
woreda, and by irrigation in Amibara woreda. In Argoba woreda, however, the cultivated fodder
plots were not productive because of Belg rain failure. The plots cultivated by irrigation at
Amibara woreda were successful and the beneficiaries benefited from the pilot plots. They were
able to provide fresh green pasture for their livestock, generate additional income by selling
fodder to their neighbors, conserved fodder (hay) for dry periods, with increased milk
production. Results of the pilot production indicated that the fodder production can be scaled up
in areas where irrigation water is available.
Pictures of improved fodder production plots in Afar, Argoba (left rain fed)& Amibara(right two through
irrigation)
Following the promising and successful results of the pilot works done in the previous year,
PRIME, in consultation with the woredas’ PADOs, has facilitated the scale up of similar
supplementary fodder production activities with selected 200 agro-pastoral households in all six
woredas during the reporting year. Thus, during the reporting period, the project purchased four
types of improved forage seeds that suits the environment of Afar zone-3 and distributed it to
households who have shown interest to engage in the supplementary forage production activity.
About 123.5kg of Panicum, 62kg of Rhodes, 25.25kg of Alfalfa, and 33.5kg of pigeon pea were
distributed in Gewane, Gel’alo, Amibara, Awash Fentale and Argoba woredas for 148 HHs. The
table below summarizes seed distribution at woreda and kebele level.
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S/N Woreda/kebele Quantity and # of HHs who received the seeds
1 Gewane (yigile, geleladora, & Bieda
kebeles)
77.5 kg for 40 HHs
2 Gela’alu Woreda (gefrem, debel,
&Biedaforo)
60kg for 40 HHs
3 Amibara Woreda (bedulale) 30.50 kg for 20 HHs
4 Awash fentale Woreda (Doho, Sabure,
Boloyta, & Kebena)
46.25 kg for 38 HHs
5 Argoba woreda (Gachine, tach-
metekeleya, & geberoch)
30 kg for 10 HHs
Total 244.25kg for 148 HHs (113 Men, 35
Women),
Fodder seeds being distributed
Fodder production plots at Doho kebele of Awash fentale woreda
Hay making training for elders and range council members of Dire Dheeda
PRIME has been promoting hay making practices and harvesting and storing of grasses for dry
season use as one of the adaptation practices. Hence, the project organized trainings and
awareness raising events during the reporting year to encourage pastoralists and agro-pastoralists
to participate in fodder saving (Hay making) techniques, particularly on communal enclosures
(Kallos) in Dire rangeland. A total of 40 community elders and rangeland council members (13
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of them women) from 4 sub-rangeland units of Dire grazing system (“Reeras” namely Danbala-
dhibayu, Hara-alo, Annole and Melbana) participated in the training. A similar training has been
given in Wader rangeland system in Guji zones mainly for Social analysis and action (SAA) to
group members in 6 kebeles namely Heba, Anchoka, S/Lagu, Tulam, Derba and S/Garbi. A total
of 47 people (7 of them female) have participated on the three day training.
The training enabled the participants to improve their forage management practices on how to
save fodder without losing its nutrients (hay making time) and how to store it for a long period,
as well as how to apply the cut and carry system without causing overgrazing and degradation in
communal enclosure sites. After the training, the participants set up action plans for their training
respective areas (enclosure sites in their respective sub-rangeland units) to harvest and save the
fodder using the techniques they learned during the training. Furthermore the training will
support all of the community that are directly benefitting from those communal enclosures in
saving a larger amount and better quality of fodder for their livestock for the next dry season.
Table of summary data for the PPR and FtF indicators
Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices
Main Activity/technologies East
cluster
South
cluster
Afar cluster Total
Bush control and management - 2229.5ha 2229.5ha
Prosopis clearing - - 330ha 330ha
Soil and water conservation 3310 10 208ha 3528ha
Area closures 200 35 235ha
Total 3,510ha 2274.5ha 538ha 6,322.5ha
INTERMEDIATE RESULT 3: STRENGTHENED ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS FOR HOUSEHOLDS
TRANSITIONING OUT OF PASTORALISM
Key Result 3.1: TOPs employability increased through life skills, financial literacy and
Entrepreneurship training
Over 1,230 TOPs graduated and attending Short-term vocational training in Different TVETs
New cohorts of TOPs are enrolled to attend vocational skill training in different TVETs through
PRIME’s short-term vocational scholarship program. During the year, 758 young and
unemployed TOPs started skills training in over 20 different skills training. Since PRIME started
supporting the TVET to expand their training streams and improve their curriculums, over 80%
completed and graduated and the remaining 20 are still attending the training. This year’s
achievement brings the total number of TOPs that are graduated or continued to attending the
short-term training to 1,238.
In addition to facilitating the scholarship, PRIME has provided financial assistance to TOPs from
very poor families to attend and successfully complete the training. Those that are completed the
training are pursuing jobs, started their own employment and some searching for job. Graduated
cohorts of TOPs are reporting that they have obtained jobs and some started their own business
that they wouldn’t have obtained without the skills training facilitated by PRIME. PRIME is
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training to link interested TOPs to access finance from MFIs should they want planning to start
their own business.
The types of training and performance of TVETs in Southern, Afar and Eastern clusters is
presented below.
Short-Term Training Scholarship Program for TOPs (Afar Cluster): In this reporting year a
second short training was implemented in Afar cluster with 327 trainees enrolled to attain short
term skill training in the field of automobile driving, heavy machinery operators training, basic
computer skill and metalwork.
Facilitation of Second Round Scholarship for Youth TOPs (female and male) on Machinery
Operating Training in zone 3 of Afar cluster: The second round scholarship on machinery
operation training has been granted to 100TOP’s (98male and 2female TOP’s) from all the six
woredas in Afar Cluster. It was through announcement of the contract to eligible machinery
operation training provider institutions that Chora Heavy Duty Machinery Operation Training
Center signed agreement with AISDA-PRIME to facilitate the training with in four consecutive
months in Awash 7Kilo Town. The training has been on operating two kinds of machineries (50
trainees on Excavator Operation and 50 on Loader Operation).
The training has been conducted during 23 May-22 September 2016. The skill training has been
arranged in three different phases (Theoretical Phase, Practical Phase and Workshop Phase). The
theoretical phase encompasses the basics of machineries and their operations. The practical
phase covers exposure to the respective machineries, demonstration and practicing by the
trainees. The workshop phase lets trainees preparing, identification and performing maintenance
of basic machineries. A total of 98 trainees completed the training and admitted to COC
examination and 98 of them have successfully approved to be certified competent.
Scholarship for women TOPs on basic computer training in zone 3 of Afar cluster: Basic
computer application program and maintenance training scholarship has been to 25 afar women
youths (TOPs) mobilized from Awash
Town Administration, Amibara and
Argoba Woredas for 45days training in
Awash 7-Kilo town. Based on the
eligibility criteria set selection and
identification of trainees was done in
collaboration with woreda government
and Awash city administration. Hence,
25 Afar women youths (TOPs) got
registered and attended the training for
consecutive 45 training days at SAMI
BILU TVET College, Awash 7 kilo
town. The training has equipped the trainees with computer application programs of Microsoft
word, Microsoft excel, Access, Microsoft power point and computer maintenance emphasizing
both on theoretical concepts, backgrounds, and definitions at the class room and on intensive
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practical training at computer laboratory. PRIME EMD team has been continuously monitoring
the training and receiving feedbacks from trainees.
Afar Lucy TVET College: 20 (5F) youths with
disabilities have graduated from Lucy TVET
College in Afar Cluster in the field of metalwork.
Assistants are also assigned for wheelchair using
trainees.
Follow up of short-term training scholarship
program for TOPs (Afar Cluster): PRIME’s Afar
cluster followed up and tracked the 120 driving
skill training graduates whose training it
supported. 71 were certified with driving license
and qualified both on computer and field driving skill examinations. The remaining are
struggling to secure the driving license and taking the computer examination and practice field
driving license from the region Trade, Transport and Industry Bureau. PRIME created linkage
with employer enterprises such as Kesem and Tendaho sugar corporations.
Skill training at Jigjiga Polytechnic Collage, Melse Zenawi Memorial and Babile TVET
In Easter cluster, PRIME partners Mercy Corps,
ACPA and ECDD have been facilitating skills
training for unemployed TOPs coming from
different districts of Somali region. This year
alone in three different TVETs (Jigjiga
Polytechnic Collage, Melese Zenawi Memorial
and Babile TVET) 159 unemployed TOPs got
opportunity to attend skill training in eight
different vocational training streams. This brings
total number of TOPs that have obtained
scholarship opportunity through PRIME’s
assistance to 276.
Jigjiga Polytechnic College: Short-term skills training for 30 TOPs and 24 (4 female) youth with
disabilities obtained scholarship opportunity to attend different skills training at Jigjiga
Polytechnic College. The trainees were enrolled in the field of garment and textile, automobile
driving, carpentry and furniture making, electronics maintenance and dressmaking which are
currently demanded in the labor market. When the trainees complete their training, they will be
organized in MSEs based on their skillset and interest to start their own business. PRIME will
follow them up to strengthen business start-up.
Babile TVET: PRIME has provided technical ad material support to Babile technical and
vocational education institute to upgrade its capacities and start new training streams for TOPs in
its main training center in Babile and satellite center in Bisidimo town. Following the TVET’s
upgrade, in the first cohort the TVET enrolled 88 young male and female TOPs in ICT and 12
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TOPs in auto mechanic skills trainings. The training is in progress and expected to be completed
in the following quarter.
Facilitation of disability adjustment appliances: ECDD PRIME in collaboration with Mercy Corps and SOS Sahel Ethiopia facilitated and
provided disability adjustment appliances for PRIME scholarship awardees to attend skills
training without difficulties. A total of 69 (52 Female) trainees with mobility impairment
enrolled in Yabello, Negelle, and Moyalle TVET Colleges were provided different appliance.
The cost for the appliances was covered by Mercy Corps and SOS Sahel Ethiopia with the
referral linkage formed with Cheshire Services Ethiopia Hawassa Branch. Accordingly, the
following disability adjustment appliances were provided.
during pregnancy and lactation; effective counseling skills in the pastoralist and agro pastoralist
areas to promote maternal infant and young child nutrition; and on adult learning skills to
cascade similar skills to the community level health workers/HEWs. Based on this training
strategy, the core groups cascaded the same training to woreda health supervisors and the trained
supervisors gave the same training to the HEWs. The HEWs then cascaded the training to
community volunteers and together they offered real time and ongoing counseling services for
community members on MIYCN. Due to the development of this manual, MIYCN interventions
were harmonized and the capacity of government health staff was built to enhance the provision
of proper counseling on MIYCN for community members. This whole process created an
improved system for offering effective, correct, and appropriate counselling for all pregnant and
lactating women (PLW).
MIYCN woreda level health worker ToT training
The MIYCN TOT training for HEW Supervisors was conducted for four consecutive days in
each of PRIME’s operational regions. MIYCN trainers certified during the MIYCN core group
trainings facilitated the training. The objective of the training was to provide basic skills and to
facilitate further cascade trainings to HEWs.
Woreda level supervisors have the additional responsibility of supervising the overall process of
MICYN and will act as the focal person for the PRIME project. Through this training 86 HEW
supervisor (11 Female and 75 Males) received this skills training in Afar, Oromia and Somali
regions.
Woreda-level MIYCN TOT participant
MIYCN cascade training for HEWs
A three days MIYCN cascade-counseling training for HEWs in project target woredas of Somali,
Afar and Oromia regions took place and reached 388 HEWs (164 male and 224 Female) using a
context-specific MIYCN training guide and flip cards adapted by the PRIME project. The health
extension supervisors, who had received MIYCN TOT training in collaboration with PRIME
staff, organized and facilitated this MIYCN cascade training. The training methodology implored
theoretical MIYCN concepts as well as practical cooking and counselling demonstrations.
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The content of the training focused on optimal breastfeeding, optimal complementary feeding,
and maternal optimal nutrition practices during pregnancy and lactation, effective MIYCN
counseling skills and adult learning skills to cascade similar skills to the community-level
volunteers.
HEW practical cooking demonstration during cascade MIYCN training
MIYCN cascade training for Community Volunteers To improve the knowledge and skills of the community volunteers in Afar and Oromia regions,
the adopted MIYCN training package was delivered on nutrition counseling of the maternal
infant young child nutrition to 280 (73 Male and 207 female) CHVs participants. The training
was practical with the intent to improve and promote the good/positive practices regarding the
maternal infant and child nutrition. The training was designed to benefit both illiterate and
literate trainees with the full knowledge and skills to support households with pregnant, lactating
women and children under two, about specific nutrition messages. Developing the skills
required to deliver key nutrition messages and nutrition counseling services for the communities,
was part of the training curriculum.
CHV training in Oromia region
Cascading training on MIYCN Model households
The trained HEW and Volunteers cascaded the MIYCN counseling and cooking demonstration
activities to 6813 participants (3227 men and 3586 mothers). The counseling was aided by using
previously developed MIYCN SBCC material like the HEW counseling cards, volunteers
counseling cards, mothers action cards and posters.
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HEWs cascading the training for community volunteers and Women to women groups
Community Conversation events on MIYCN PRIME’s nutrition team facilitated Community conversations (CC) that evolved around MIYCN
care and practices for proper nutrition of PLW as well as for children under two. The community
conversations were initiated to improve and promote the good/positive practices regarding the
maternal infant and child nutrition. They also focused on ways to avoid bad nutrition practices.
The conversations were participatory and involved both men and women. The community was
shown a six-minute MIYCN music clip and a one-minute TV spot about the first 1000 days,
before the community conversation started. The videos triggered a discussion of nutrition issues
among the audience. The PRIME MIYCN music clip and one-minute 1000 days TV spot were
developed using the formative research findings about key barriers to MIYCN. They were
developed to guide and promote the adoption of appropriate positive behaviors for Oromia
communities.
Community Conversations in Oromia region
Community conversations were facilitated in 5 kebeles in Liban, Gorodola and Wadera woredas
of Guji zone and 3 kebeles in Yabello, Dire and Moyale woredas of Borena zone. Conversations
benefitted 2800 community members (1450 female) through 23 events. In order to reach large
audiences with key nutrition messages the nutrition team also distributed the music video clip
and the TV spot on CDs for health offices. The videos were then displayed in waiting rooms to
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people visiting health facilities. In total, 270 Compact Disks (CDs) were produced and
distributed to health offices/centers in PRIME woredas of both Borena and Guji zones.
During this year, PRIME’s nutrition team organized 14 community dialogues on nutrition and
WASH in Fafan, Siti and Jarar zones with various groups established by PRIME such as the
rangeland council members, VSLA and Community Health Volunteers. The objective was to
improve the water sanitation and hygiene practice in the households and to explore the primary
barriers related to proper utilization of WASH practices. The dialogues addressed 420 people
with key messages around WASH and nutrition.
Transmission of the MIYCN music video clip via Yabello FM radio.
Yabello FM further reinforced this initiative, using their radio channel to broadcast these
materials at no cost to the PRIME project. This collaboration with Yabello FM and the Oromia
RHB and Zonal office to broadcast the developed materials has helped in reaching a wider
population.
Development and productions of SBCC Material
PRIME’s nutrition team conducted formative research to assess the gaps regarding nutrition-
counseling materials. No materials were found that were contextualized for the different lowland
regions where PRIME works. PRIME’s nutrition team in conjunction with a consulting
company then developed the context specific MIYCN SBCC materials during this reporting
period. The materials included a one-minute TV spot and a six-minute music video focused on
the concepts of 1000 days, MIYCN counseling cards for HEW, MIYCN counseling cards for
volunteers, MIYCN mother action cards, MIYCN poster and WASH posters, and publications of
articles on Siffsin magazines series.
During the El Niño response, the SBCC team developed posters and flyers for mainstreaming
nutrition into the cash transfer project. Each beneficiary received a flyer that promoted
consumption of a diversified dietary; saving cash in a bank account or buying feed or fodder for
your animals.
Essential Nutrition Actions (ENA) Training of Trainers for health workers
The PRIME nutrition team from the southern cluster, in coordination with Borena and Guji zone
health offices, conducted the Essential Nutrition Actions (ENA) TOT for HEWs. The main
purpose of this training was to equip frontline health workers with skills and knowledge to
improve maternal child health and nutrition counseling. These trainings conversely strengthened
the health communication services at both health facility and community level. All training
participants (health extension workers) from different kebeles of Wadera; Gorodola; Liban and
Dillo woredas centrally gathered at the district level for the trainings. Forty-six (46) HEWs (1
man and 45 women) trained and the facilitators trained health professionals from Regional
Health Bureaus and Zonal Health Offices. Trainings were facilitated using ENA national
guidelines. Trained HEWs will now be able to provide proper counseling for pregnant and
lactating women during the critical periods at health posts and further cascade the ENA trainings
to community members.
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Cascading the ENA Training to Community Level
PRIME’s Nutrition team in collaboration with the respective regions and woreda health offices,
cascaded ENA training at the community level and reached 3065 (1978 men and 1087women).
These ENA cascade trainings primarily targeted community leaders to provide them with skills
on how to facilitate ongoing dialogue to enhance community level counseling and community
support group on the seven key action messages for ENA. Messages focused on exclusive breast-
feeding, adequate complementary feeding for children 6-23 months with continued breastfeeding
for at least 24 months, adequate nutritional care of sick and severely malnourished child,
adequate nutrition for women, prevention of vitamin A deficiency for women and children,
prevention of anemia for women and children and prevention of iodine deficiency for all
members of the households. Trained health extension workers who received the ENA TOT
training facilitated this community level ENA cascade training. The training participants vowed
to utilize ENA for their own households and further reach pregnant and lactating women in their
communities. Formal linkages created between HEWs and trained community level participants
for further technical support and follow up on their day-to-day work at the village level.
MIYCF training for influential and religious leaders
In all the three clusters PRIME’s nutrition team, in coordination with zonal and woreda health
offices, facilitated two-day trainings on Maternal Infant and Young Child Feeding (MIYCF) for
religious leaders and influential community members. Through this strategic training, 99
influential and religious leaders benefited; of these 15 were women and the rest men. The main
objective of this training was to provide basic knowledge and skills around MIYCN to engage
influential and religious leaders in promoting the importance of infant and young child feeding
practices and the concept of the “First 1000 days”. This was a consented effort to address one of
the key “influencing group” for PLW based on the barrier analyses survey results. In addition,
these trainings created a platform for supporting health workers and community volunteers in
challenging barriers and significant behavior determinants that propagate undesired behaviors
like social norms, taboos and other typical knowledge gap issues.
Nutrition add-on training for Range Land Council Members
Considering that, the underlying causes of malnutrition are multi-sectorial; PRIME focused on
adding nutrition orientation or sensitization trainings for the different non-nutrition groups
organized by IR2 and IR3. In a bid to operationalize multi sector involvement in addressing
nutrition issues, the PRIME nutrition team in collaboration with other IRs organized nutritional
add-on training for 116 (97 men and 19 women), rangeland council members 645 VSLA
members (271 males, 374 females) and 117 SAA group members. To maximize adult
concentration; participatory facilitation skills were employed. Two-way communication; flip
chart presentations; group discussions and demonstrations were among some of the utilized
methods. Trainings covered the basics of nutrition including the 1000 days concept, dietary
diversity to improve knowledge, attitude and practices around nutrition, and the role of men in
maternal and childcare.
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MIYCN Add-on Training for the Social Action and Analysis group and other groups' leaders
Nutrition add-on training for Integrated Functional Adult Literacy (IFAL)
In the Afar cluster, the Nutrition team (IR5) in collaboration with the Alternative Livelihoods
team (IR3) organized nutrition add-on trainings for teachers selected to facilitate Integrated
Functional Adult Literacy (IFAL). Nutrition add-on trainings prioritized IFAL because of the
existing institutional avenues as well as the clear structures and potential for reaching more
community members. To strengthen the layering of activities and to ensure maximum impact,
IR3 and IR5 developed joint training schedules on refresher trainings for teachers on IFAL and
nutrition add-on topics.
The IFAL program is implemented in five woredas of Afar and the nutrition add-on was
conducted with selected teachers in the same woredas and benefited 57 (50 males and 7 females)
teachers. The training methodology used a participatory approach including group discussion,
demonstration and role-play. Nutrition topics covered included exclusive breastfeeding,
complementary feeding practices, feeding the sick child, maternal feeding and the role of man or
husband in maternal care and childcare. During the training participants received a facilitators’
guide or reference materials for cascading each topic to the community level. Development of a
double action plan to blend nutrition messages with their day-to-day activities was a commitment
made by participants to support PRIME’s nutrition behavior-change process. During the same
reporting period, IFAL teachers reached 1259 (698 men and 561 women) community members
through cascading of these topics.
Cooking Demonstration – on Preparation of energy and nutrient dense complementary feeding
by IFAL
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Nutrition Ad-on training for Emergency program beneficiaries The PRIME nutrition team reached cash transfer recipients and supplementary feeding program
beneficiaries through Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN) messages in Somali
and Afar region. The nutrition messages/counseling was to promote informed use of cash/food
transferred on indispensable and lifesaving purchases/uses, such as diversified food items for the
families, purchasing of fodder/feed for milking livestock as well as the benefits of saving of cash
at the locally available financial institutions. The MIYCN counseling and the BCC sessions were
integrated with the cash transfer beneficiary registration sessions and combined nutrition and
cash transfer through fliers, posters and MIYCN counseling cards that reinforced nutrition
messages. Accordingly, 7514 cash transfer beneficiaries (3479 male and 4035 Female) benefited
from the cash transfer activity. Similarly, 20,188 (13,786 female and 6402 male) targeted
supplementary feeding program (TSFP) beneficiaries benefited from nutrition counseling in
targeted woredas of Somali and Afar regions.
Promotion of Dietary Diversity
Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture (NSA)
Several studies have shown that Dietary Diversity is positively associated with overall dietary
quality, micronutrient intake of young children and household food security. A higher DD has
also been associated with better nutritional status of children in developing countries including
Ethiopia. Pastoral communities have always been associated with very low dietary diversity
values because family diets are mainly associated with milk and meat products but less fruits and
vegetables. As such, the PRIME project embarked on promoting household production of
vegetables meant for household consumption. PRIME encouraged the key-hole gardening
(KHG) approach that utilizes grey water and perma-gardens for those households with access to
greater amounts of water.
Keyhole Gardening (KHG) Training and Promotion
PRIME’s Nutrition team conducted a 3-day TOT on Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture for 16 (14
men and 2 females) AEWs supervisors selected from targeted woredas of Afar regions. Key
Hole Gardening and Vegetable Gardening continued as part of improving dietary diversity
through improving vegetable access for pastoralist households. During this year, 681 community
members (411 men and 270 women) in Afar cluster were reached through the promotion and
training on KHGs. The team promoted the importance of building the KHGs as well as giving a
practical demonstration on how to build a KHG at the kebele level. Sustainability, as a core
principle, was operationalized through skill-enhancement of Agricultural extension workers,
woreda level representatives from Health Offices, Pastoral Agricultural development officials,
Education officials, and Women Youth and Children Affair officials. Community members,
agricultural extension workers, and woreda experts constructed 30 KHGs as demonstration sites
in Afar. Somali region trained 60 DAs on NSA from Shinile, Erer and Mieso/Mulu woredas of
Siti zone. Each DA cascaded the training to five (5) community members who, in addition to the
training, constructed KHG in their backyards. The total number of community members reached
with this activity was 150.
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Field Level Training for the community how to construct a Key Hole Garden
Permagarden Training for PRIME targeted the Model Households
In the Somali region the nutrition team selected 35(2M, 33F) Model HH beneficiaries in
Gurzum, Fafan, Jijiga and Hadaw of Fafan Zone as pilot beneficiaries for Perma-gardening. The
selected beneficiaries received three days of theoretical and practical training regarding the
objectives and the techniques to develop a Perma-garden; and support to construct their own
Permagarden.
During the year 4, six thousand and seventy (6070) community members from project-targeted
woredas of Afar, Oromia and Somali region received skills training on nutrition-sensitive
agriculture that focused on food handling and safety, post-harvest storage, KHGs and Perma-
gardens.
Community-based cooking demonstration event
PRIME’s Afar Nutrition team organized
community-based cooking demonstrations along
with promoting keyhole gardening (KHG) at the
household level. At harvest time for most
vegetables (spinach and Swiss chard), the team
organized the cooking demonstrations to use what
was growing in various high-nutrient/energy
dense recipes. The cooking demonstration events
took place in Awash Fantale Woreda, Doho
Kebele and Amibara Woreda, Worer High
school. The participants (especially the pastoralist
women) were grateful for sharing recipes that
could help them improve household nutrition.
Practical demonstration on cheese making and tomato paste preparation
Mango Jam, tomato paste, ketchup and peeled tomatoes
Preservation training A three-day food preservation training took place in the Afar Region for agriculture extension
workers (AEWs), HEWs, and Nutrition focal persons selected from 4 woredas of Zone 3. The
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preservation training reached 29 (19 male and 10 female) government sector staff. The training
focused on theoretical and practical demonstrations of fruits, vegetables (tomato puree, peeled
tomato and Mango Jams) and milk preservation (making cheese). The training also covered food
hygiene and environmental sanitation, introduction to food preservation, food preservation and
processing techniques. Trainees learned preserve various items as a strategy to reduce post-
harvest losses that are rampant in most Ethiopian rural communities. During the training, the
PRIME project staff collaborated with Addis Kidan Milk Processing Enterprise to demonstrate
milk preservation (changing milk to cheese) techniques. The 29 agricultural extension workers
(AEWs), HEWs and nutrition focal persons are expected to cascade the training to 1200
community members.
Practical demonstration on cheese making and tomato paste preparation and Mango Jam,
tomato paste, ketchup and peeled tomatoes
Promotion of Hygiene and Sanitation for Improved Nutrition
In this year, the government of Ethiopia declared an outbreak of Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD)
in some parts of Oromia region. The OR Health Bureau coordinated partners working in these
areas to support a timely response. The PRIME nutrition team and BCC team in partnership with
a local theater group and in collaboration with local government and other non-government
organizations organized 13 WASH campaigns reaching 7150 people (3547 female and 3603
male) community members. The promotional campaigns on hygiene and sanitation focused on
the critical hand washing times. Hand washing was promoted to improve handwashing practices
hence prevent diarrheal disease for improved child and maternal nutrition.
Promotional campaign on the ‘First 1000 Days’ PRIME’s nutrition team, in collaboration with zonal health offices of Oromia and Somali regions
conducted 17 promotional events on the first 1000 days. The promotional events conducted in
partnership with a local theater group in Oromia benefited 7775 (4850 females and 2925 males).
To gauge participants’ understanding of the conveyed desired behavioral messages; PRIME used
“question and answer” sessions soon after the drama performance. Havoyoco using its circus
team conducted 18 edutainment’s shows in 19 kebeles from 11 districts of Fafan and Siti zones
of Somali region. These edutainment activities conveyed four messages on “the first 1000 days”,
dietary diversity, investment in animal health using quality animal drugs, and promotion on
fodder conservation, preservation and purchase. The edutainment reached 17,450 individuals
(5419 M, 11,961F and 5817 HH) from pastoral and agro-pastoral households. Of the individuals
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reached, 3,838 were lactating mothers, 399 were pregnant women, and 172 people had
disabilities.
Nutrition awareness campaigns through school clubs
Nutrition awareness campaigns were conducted by the school club members who were trained
by PRIME on youth-drama performances delivering the key nutrition messages of “the first 1000
days” and diet diversity. School club members reached audiences totaling 3159 (1612 female,
1547 male) people in Oromia.
School health -club drama performance
SOSC radio drama production and broadcasting The Nutrition and BCC team finalized the production and promotion of Soap Opera for Social
Change (SOSC) or the serialized radio drama. It is part of the PRIME BCC strategy to promote
the main PRIME nutrition messages. HEWs and schoolteachers in the PRIME operational areas
received a copy of the broadcasted recordings to use as ongoing dialogue with different
community members of Mirgituu drama in Oromia. In order to gather various community
feedback about Mirgitu season 1, the team conducted rapid community reflections in the
Southern Cluster. Some of the pertinent findings from this rapid assessment included the
Soap Opera Drama Posters for Somali, Oromia and Afar regions respectively
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community’s eagerness to support production a season 2 drama; that would also include climate
change and market systems as new emerging themes. Soap opera radio drama in the Somali
language is entitled “Adoole Geel” has been broadcasting via Jigjiga FM 99.1. In the Afar
Region is broadcast through Argoba FM and Ethiopian Broadcasting cooperation.
SenseMaker®
• PRIME uses SenseMaker® software to
collect information on what listeners
value and regard as important, based on
their recollection from a story they can
relate to the soap opera episodes. Data is
analyzed through triads and dyads to
learn if messages and characters were
being well-taken by listeners and learn
what in the messages was important to
listeners. This could then help the team
design future messaging/programming,
and make sure that listeners accept the
characters, the way they interact, and the way messages are communicated.
Key findings summarized below:
• The overwhelming majority (90%) of people felt positive/strongly positive about their
stories. There were no strongly negative feelings from storytellers.
• Stories referred to the five (5) key messages the soap opera is trying to get across. Most
storytellers talked about livestock health, followed by nutrition and women decision-
making.
• Men and women remembered stories about livestock vaccination. Pregnant women
nutrition stories were remembered more by women than men. Both men and women had
the least interest in economic-decision-making.
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PRIME Soap Opera for Social Change Reflection Meeting
PRIME’s nutrition and SBCC teams held a three-day reflection meeting of Soap Opera for Social
Change (SOSC) in Addis to draw the road map for SOSC season 2 based on the lessons learned
from SOSC season 1. All nutrition and key IR4
staff, along the PRIME’s senior gender advisor
attended the reflection meeting. During the
meeting, the strengths and weaknesses of the
three PRIME nutrition soap operas (Adoole
Geel, Tekem and Mirgituu), the production
process, and the broadcasting and functionality
of radio listenership groups (RLG) were
discussed. The IR4 team also presented
information about the SenseMaker Survey for
Mirgitu.
SOSC season 2 developments
PRIME’s SBCC team is in the process of producing season two (SOSC 2) of the soap operas
consisting of ten episodes and two feedback sessions.
Second season SOSC Pre-production
In order to develop an entertaining program that also has consistent and correct messages, the
PRIME team followed the 'radio design document' approach. In this approach, PRIME
organized a participatory workshop with content experts, audience members and creative persons
to clarify the audiences, provide rationale, objectives, purpose, a format and the key messages for
SOSC2. The five (5) day design workshop
had 35 participants from regional and
zonal government offices and members of
PRIME’s consortium partners. A design
document was developed and it’s serving
as a ‘roadmap’ for the writers and
producers developing the drama and the
live feedback sessions. The story lines and
treatment of all episodes was completed
including translation of five episodes into
the three (3) local languages. The
production of SOSC 2 will be finalized in
the first quarter of year five ( 5) of the PRIME project and should start airing at about the same
time.
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Nutrition Booth at International SBCC
Summit
The first inaugural international Social
Behavior Change Communication (SBCC)
Summit was held in Ethiopia with the theme
“Elevating the Science and Art of Social
Behavior Change Communication.” Three
PRIME nutrition team members participated in
the summit. PRIME had a booth displaying its
SBCC and the team had opportunities for cross
leaning in the field of SBCC.
Key result 5.2: Increased/Sustained Availability of and Access to Milk & livestock products
Improved Availability and Quality of Animal Feed for Nutrition Fodder promotion for milking
animals during dry season
The two feedback sessions for Tekem, that the Afar team organized, mainly focused on fodder
and animal health services. In the two sessions, livestock and animal health experts provided
summary keynotes around messages broadcasted on the first 10 episodes of the TEKEM radio
drama. Their technical advice guided discussions on the importance of fodder conservation and
seeking animal health services for increasing livestock productivity with a focus on improving
household nutrition. Following the broadcasting sessions, all RLG members (130 individuals)
engaged in community conversations for two rounds/two consecutive week’s issues on fodder
and animal health services.
Community Dialogues on the use of Concentrated Feed
The Somali nutrition team with the support from development agents organized community level
dialogue on use of concentrated feed. The objective was to create and increase the demand and
utilization of concentrated feed for dry season. Concentered feed promotion was on usage of the
dried straws/stover mixing with urea or molasses and keeping the nutritive values for long time.
Through this approach, households will have access to feed in dry season hence sustaining milk
production from milking animal and guaranteeing milk access for children. The dialogues were
supported by demonstration and experts’ technical briefing sessions on how to prepare the
concentrated feed and 280 pastoral and agro-pastoral model households benefited.
Feed Production and Conservation Training
Feed Production and Conservation Training was conducted in Shinile and Erer woredas for 140
model agro–pastoral households and 10 development agents. The training was meant to provide
model households with modern methods and ways of feed productions and conservation that can
support them for increased and sustained milk production from their livestock particularly during
the dry season to protect the nutritional status of household. The trainees are expected to improve
their feed production and conservation practices and cascade these to other community members.
Improved equity in HH decision-making
During the fourth year, the PRIME nutrition team in collaboration with women and child office
Borena zone, conducted two promotional events on equitable household decision making for
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improved nutrition. Promotional events, conducted in partnership with a local theater group,
benefited 1,100 local community members (650 women) at Boku and El-Woya villages of the
Borena zone. Live dramas and question and answer sessions mainly conveyed the desired
behavioral messages during the events. The major aim of the promotional events was to promote
the value of joint decision making between couples in prioritizing of household resources and
especially food expenses. PRIME’s equitable decision-making research showed that more
resources in the hands of a woman would translate to an improved household dietary diversity.
As such, these campaigns aimed at advocacy for more financial empowerment of women, which
would translate into improved household nutrition and conversely improved child and maternal
nutrition.
PRIME’s nutrition team in Afar conducted nutrition outcome events in Argoba and Dulessa
woredas aimed at empowering women in household decision making. Edutainment using
Inkitino, a local theatre group, entertained the communities with music, songs and dramas. They
led the edutainment sessions and Women and Child Youth Affairs chairpersons also participated.
The Question & Answer (Q&A) session during the event improved the attitude of the
communities in empowering women to increase their share in househld decision-making
incuding prioritizing household income for better nutrition outcomes of the family. In total 1100
community members (350 men and 750 women) were addressed by the promotional events in
the two woredas.
Argoba and Dulessa Woredas promotional events
Key result 5.3: Strengthened Local Capatcity for Supporting Improved Nutrition
TOT on PRIME Youth Drama Performance
PRIME’s team collaborated with woreda education officials by organizing a TOT training for
local government staff to link PRIME’s drama with the school clubs as part of a sustainability
strategy. An international consultant with experience in intergenerational theatre performance
facilitated the training, which was held in Jigjiga town with 20 participants selected from Afar,
Southern and Eastern clusters. The participants consisted ministry of education’s Cluster
Resource center (CRC) school club leaders, circus and theater group leaders, education bureau
experts and PRIME’s social and behavior change communication practitioners. During the TOT,
PRIME senior gender advisor also presented on how best the TOT can be gender sensitive.
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Participants were provided with hard and soft copy of the PRIME youth drama handbook for
their reference during the skill cascade trainings. Cluster specific groups presented action plans
of cascading the gained knowledge to their school club members so that they can perform future
dramas on PRIME’s nutrition behavior messages for the school and surrounding communities.
Cascade Training on PRIME youth drama performance The PRIME nutrition team facilitated a three-day drama performance and cascade training for
school clubs and school supervisors to engage school clubs in live drama performances.
Accordingly, this training benefitted 542 school club members, school directors and Integrated
Functional Adult literacy (IFAL) leaders from selected schools of Somali, Oromia and Afar
regions. About 108 students and 18 teachers were reached through school clubs training on 1000
days and dietary diversity, and for 9 school clubs in Jigjiga, Kebrabeyeh, Awbare and Harshin
woredas of Somali region. The objective of the training was to change the nutrition
misconceptions existing at household level. In particular, misconceptions related to lactating and
pregnant women.
Workshop on nutrition coordination with Government sectors
This year the Borena and Guji nutrition teams, in coordination with Borena Zonal health office,
organized a nutrition coordination workshop. Thirty-six representatives from the woreda and
zonal levels including PDO, Women and child, Education, Health, and Economic and Finance
government sectors, attended the workshop. The coordination workshop was a platform for
supporting inter-sectoral collaborations among government sectors and a way to enhance the
engagement of each sector on nutrition-sensitive interventions based on the national nutrition
program of the country. All sector offices reported how the PRIME project supported them in
understanding nutrition-sensitive interventions and enabled them to change perceived attitudes
about the importance of the interventions on addressing the underlying causes of poor nutrition.
They mentioned that they appreciated learning skills for implementing nutrition-sensitive
interventions for their sector. The workshop concluded on a high note with the development of a
joint action plan between PRIME and government sectors.
PRIME Nutrition sensitive initiative including WASH
School nutrition and health clubs are some of the institutional avenues the PRIME nutrition team
uses as entry point to reach the vast majority of communities with basic nutrition messages.
Equipping school nutrition clubs and drama/theatre group with basic nutrition-sensitive messages
including promotion of backyard/keyhole gardening, animal husbandry, dietary diversity and
significance of proper nutrition during the first critical 1000 days and WASH could contribute to
improve nutrition. At least 96 school club members (66 male and 30 female) received skills
training in nutrition-sensitive agriculture including WASH for Gota Garman, Baraaq, Shinile,
Hadhigala, Biki and Bila schools located in Siti zone of Somali region.
Integrated WASH and Nutrition Training for DAs and HEW
PRIME reached 247 extension workers (150 males and 97 females) with an integrated WASH
and nutrition training in Somali and Afar regions of the project target woredas. The main
objective of this training became a reality through provision of basic knowledge and skills for
participants to integrate WASH into their day-to-day interventions. The topics covered in the
training were basic concepts of WASH and nutrition, the differences and links between hygiene
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and sanitation, the five domains of hygiene behavior, improved sanitation and hygiene for better
nutritional outcomes, fecal contamination, barriers to improved sanitation and hygiene, an
overview of safe water systems, hand washing with soap, and linkages with nutrition. Especially
in Somali region, the training benefited the current effort of government response to AWD
outbreak as some of the districts faced the outbreak and others suspected the risk of the AWD
outbreak occurrence.
Trainees on group discussion and presentation
Year 5 work plan
Community Conversations on the five nutrition-behavior themes for PRIME
Trainings for health workers; HEW; model households, and community volunteers on
MIYCN
WASH and MIYCN promotions
Multi sectoral coordination meetings at various levels from the region to woreda level
Supporting nutrition related surveys
Ongoing dialog and counseling on MIYCN by the trained lead members of the existing
groups for its members
Promoting and /or training of KHG and Perma-garden for selected Mother to mother
support groups and model HHs
Community based cooking demonstration events for mothers and care takers related to
complimentary feeding
School clubs campaigns for the five nutrition-behavior themes for joint monitoring of
PRIME activities with government sectors
Nutrition sensitive Agriculture training-for DAs
School clubs conducting PRIME dramas
SOSC sessions - two activities
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INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT FUND
Addis Kidan and Barwako Milk processingFactory
This set of interventions, is aimed at improving the dairy value chain for resilience,
competitiveness, creating access to sustainable milk market for pastoralists, improves milk
production in terms of quality and quantity and improves both household nutrition status, and
household income through facilitating development of sustainable and vibrant dairy value chain
over the PRIME Year 4 resulted in:
With the support of the PRIME’s IIF two medium sized milk-processing plants: Addis Kidan in
Awash, Afar and Berwako in Jijiga, ESRS entered continuous production, creating sustainable
and permanent markets for initially over 1,000 pastorals and agro-pastoral households. These
enterprises produce and market pasteurized cow and camel milk, cow milk yoghurt and local
ricotta cheese. Due to the drought conditions in Afar and northern ESRS where these facilities
source the raw milk, the amount of milk available decreased during the reporting period.
However, the facilities reached a combined throughput of 2.5 MT of milk per day during this
fiscal year. Twelve privately and/or cooperatively owned milk collection centers in ESRS, Afar
and Oromia consolidated their operation and improved operations with PRIME support. These
market system actors received business expansion support from PRIME with a total value of
$376,998 bringing $890,074 in leverage by the applicant enterprises. The enterprises increased
employment from 24 to 57 full time equivalent jobs, serve as sustainable and reliable market for
over 840 milk supplying households, purchase 170MT of raw milk monthly from local
communities and have achieved $150,000 monthly sales of milk and milk products. In addition
to improving income streams for small holder pastoralists, the business expansion have
significantly reduced women pastoralists work burden as they started selling their milk at their
vicinity.
Additional activities over the FY aimed at to improve productivity and competitiveness of the
dairy market system included:
AGP Poultry performance: AGP have trained 70 AGP Poultry Agents who received training and
currently AGP has a total of 28 operational Agents. These agents have achieved high
productivity from its incubators, and seen mortality rates below 7% among its Agent groups’
birds. Of the 28 Agent groups currently in business, 6 have already finished the distribution of
the second cycle and took the third round, and 12 out of the total agents has distributed chickens
for two cycles. Furthermore, AGP field technical coordinators are conducting weekly field work
progress meeting every week with zone livestock and IMX bureau officials to facilitate market
linkage for the Agents and solve the field distribution challenges. In this quarter 16 AGP have
created nine additional full time jobs, so total job created is 133.
Challenge and Lessons learned:
TOPs dropout from scholarship mainly because of high expectation for allowance payment from
the project and because of the negative perception that “TVET graduates don’t quickly gain
employment”. Through discussions, PRIME supported TOPs from poor families to get
allowance such that they can attend the training. Also, PRIME is working to link graduates with
job matching service. Job matching activities will continue through job fair and registration of
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jobs seekers via HelloJobs system to make increase employment rate and make jobseekers more
visible to employers.
Since January as the situation of the drought was getting worse and most of the saving groups
reduces their saving, and women micro franchises did not regularly lift products from the agents.
USAID FORWARD
PRIME partners Havoyoco, ECDD and Barawaqo were visited to provide capacity building
support on financial monitoring (HAVOYOCO) and on VAT reporting support as USAID
requirement. A monitoring visit was conducted for HAVOYOCO to ensure their performance
under PRIME is under the agreed terms and conditions. Significant improvements were observed
during this visit, mainly on proper documentations, financial transactions record keeping, budget
follow up and cash flow statements. HAVOYOCO’s activities and payments corresponded to
approved concept notes which help the organization monitor its budget and implementation.
Their overall performance on financial management has shown improvement compared to the
previous visit as a result of corrective actions requested by Mercy Corps. Mercy Corps, CARE
and ECDD discussed how to improve disability inclusion within the PRIME project. ECDD is
taking the lead and will provide a guidance document as part of support to partners for better
implementation of disability inclusion through the end of the project.
As a result of the visit support, partners received a feedback report from Mercy Corps. Mercy
Corps also visited Rays MFI to conduct a grant kick-off meeting focused on reviewing the
agreement terms and conditions, donor regulations and reporting requirements and create a better
understanding on the requirements during project implementation. Financial monitoring visit was
conducted for Rays MFI in two days focusing on provision of technical support to Rays key staff
on financial management specific to PRIME financial requirements.
Capacity building support and follow-up continues to be provided to partners as part of USAID
Forward. The key findings of the capacity building reflection and learning workshop show that
local partners have improved their capacity as a result of various training interventions. The
importance of conducting rapid assessments on three selected local partners for furthering them
in the USAID Forward process was agreed upon.
At the end of June, PRIME conducted a one-day extraordinary partners’ meeting in Addis
Ababa. The meeting was attended by 30 participants, mostly senior management members from
all partner organizations. The meeting sought to identify the most important challenges faced by
partners in the last three years of implementation and agree on possible solutions to address these
problems for future improvements. Ultimately, this conversation seeks to create a stronger
consortium in the remaining years of PRIME and beyond.
Mercy Corps has conducted a monitoring and organization capacity assessment visit to AMFI
from July 28, 2016 to August 04, 2016 with the objectives of identifying of key challenges
and/or areas need improvement to AMFI and also realized those strengths of AMFI for better
performance and strengthen partnership. The monitoring visit also to ensure their performance
under PRIME is under the agreed terms and conditions. Significant improvement were observed
from AMFI as a result of PRIME support during this visit mainly on proper documentations,
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financial transactions and reporting, having implementing financial application software QUICK
book for reporting and Financial analysis. This software application is using to saving and loan
accounts AMFI able to generate customer accounts status quickly and make easy for reporting.
This is the key success to AMFI basically technical support from Mercy Crops. This is helpful
for both organizations for cash transfer intervention during emergency situation at Afar region.
Each beneficiary account its cash transfer has recorded in the system can generate report from
that.
Part of the capacity building activities, the institution has supported from PRIME on basis of
grant with sub award agreement #32206S022 and implemented activities such as key staffs have
participated on international Islamic Financing trainings, provided office equipment such as
computers, AC conditioners, cash count machines, generators and motorbikes for branch offices
capacity support and branch expansion purposes all supported from PRIME were realized during
monitoring visit. PRIME also proceeding its support to AMFI to have core banking software and
hardware to access core banking system and its implementation will be started during the next
quarter. PRIME has also implemented emergency response activities to Afar region together
with AMFI during this quarter. AMFI is a strong partner with Mercy Crops PRIME during the
emergency cash transfer response through providing financial service facility to targeted
beneficiaries of Afar community as required.
Here below mentioned success from AMFI observed during Monitoring visit.
Increased its client and operational income from emergency cash transfer operation
working with PRIME.
PRIME management flexibility to wards project support process which has recognized
and acknowledged by AMFI.
One of the branch offices of AMFI “Abala” branch clients have started to return their
first given loan amount and processed to get their second loan this is as a result of
financial service access from AMFI to the community.
As a result of increased number of clients from community (2500emergency
beneficiaries) due to emergency cash transfer process; AMFI has increased its financial
capacity due to community saving amount and improved its service providing capacity to
the community as well. Few customers from the community beneficiaries have starting
saving to their accounts which is one of the key success “ improved community
understanding towards benefits of access and using financial service”
Monitoring visit has also conducted to Rays MFI from July 09 till 14th July 2016 the visit
mainly focused on Rays Branch offices capacity assessment and its implementation capacity to
ensure their performance under PRIME support with agreement#32206S020 the agreed terms
and conditions.
Below here are key areas of accomplishment were observed from two branch offices during
monitoring visit
Established new offices and staffs were deployed and started their implementation
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Saving mobilization and awareness raising were conducted and participants are
community members, Community based institution and woreda government officials.
Mobilization still continued and till June 30, 2016, six kebele from Moyalle and five
kebele from Negella a total of eleven kebeles were touched by Rays.
Rays have customers from community members only at this time and it has still
improving its access to community based institutions to increase its clients. Till
June30, 2016, Moyalle field office has opened 23 accounts and Negelle field office has
opened 56 accounts to their respective field offices with total saving amount
16531.50etb at Moyalle and 4,408etb at Negella.
Ensured PRIME supported furniture, computers and cash boxes were using by branch
offices.
PRIME support core banking software and data severer to Rays under procurement
process and will be started its core banking system by next quarter.
One vehicle 4X4 Hilux procured and supported from PRME to Rays MFI as part of
capacity building support activities.
USAID Forward Priorities for FY17
Monitoring Visit to Barawaqo MPF and Close out visit to DPPB EW
Conduct supportive visit and OCA to HAVOYOCO.
Conduct rapid assessment with three PRIME partners to understand the USAID
Forward objectives achievement/status
Coordinate with CARE to conduct close out visit to partners to be closed during
this quarter.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES
Gender in Pastoralism presentation (Addis Ababa)
The new PRIME Gender Advisor began exercising her position during the quarter, with the
majority of her time spent in orientation and discussion with various PRIME consortium
members. The gender advisor gave a presentation on “Gender issues in Pastoralism” for IR
leaders and other PRIME staff. The purpose of the presentation was to share experiences and the
importance of promoting gender equality among agro/pastoralists. Specific topics included
economic and socio-political issues, labor organization in pastoralist communities, resource
management, conflict, mobility and communal task structure and organization. Also discussed
were: current changing patterns as pastoralists seek to adapt to climate change; evolving social,
political and economic conditions; privatization of resources; the growth of private enclosures;
urbanization; population growth; opportunistic farming; and threats posed due to rangeland
degradation.
Due to emerging practices of alternative livelihood options such as income generating activities
and a shift to agro-pastoralism, women bear more workload. During drought or other
human/animal health hazards women’s susceptibility is by far higher in the pastoral areas where
natural resources are in limited supply. As a coping strategy, women are involved in collecting
and storing hay, carrying home-based forage for calves and small ruminants, and collecting wild
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food, all of which increase the burden of women. Discussions were then held related to PRIME
activities and various impacts PRIME's interventions have.
Gender Networking Meetings (Addis Ababa)
USAID Gender Champions Meeting
The gender advisor attended the USAID Gender Champions meeting and presented the
preliminary findings of the rapid gender analysis in drought affected areas of Ethiopia. Ethiopian
Network for Gender Equality in Agriculture (ENGEA). The Ethiopian Network for Gender
Equality in Agriculture was initiated by the Women Affairs
Directorate that is established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MoANR) to
ensure programs and projects mainstream gender. Establishment of the network at the national
level was launched on December 19, 2015. CARE Ethiopia has been assigned with an advisory
role along with nine other INGOs. The meeting included presentations on "women food heroes"
- reflecting on the role and contribution of women in agriculture. The PRIME gender advisor
participated in planning for the upcoming five years of the network.
PRIME SAA groups (Afar)
The gender advisor participated in an assessment of Afar SAA groups (including PRIME and
other CARE Ethiopia programs) to develop a minimum standard for SAA. Preliminary results
included concerns that gender is not as well integrated into NRM and CCA activities as it should
be.
DISABILITY
PRIME partner ECDD focuses on the promotion of inclusive development for people with
disabilities, mainstreaming disability issues in government and projects. The role of ECDD in
PRIME is to build the internal capacity of consortium members and local partners to practice and
develop disability inclusive policies activities while providing regular technical assistance to
program staff to ensure an inclusive design, implementation and monitoring of program
activities.
Disability-focused activities during FY16 included:
Skill training at Nagelle, Yabello & Moyale TVETs and other Private Training Centers in
Southern Cluster
Under PRIME project Mercy Corps, SOS Sahel and ECDD has been facilitating short-term skills
trainings for young female and male TOPs in collaboration with three public and one private
TVET in southern cluster. A total 452 young and unemployed TOPs from different woredas of
Gujji and Borena zone have been granted scholarship 16 different training opportunities to
choose from based on their interest and demand from the labor market. This brings the total
scholarship granted in southern cluster to 635.
Driving skill training in southern cluster Tasa roba Driving Training Institution: During the year
under review, 102 young and unemployed TOPs have been trained in driving skill training. Out
of the total 42 young and unemployed TOPs successfully completed driving skill training. The
remaining 60 TOPs are attending the training and expected to complete their training in the next
quarter. These trainees have acquired standard driving skills that help them obtain decent jobs as
driver in labour market. The training has been provided in two categories of driving i.e. Dry
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Freight- level II and Public- Level I. Following training completion, students were awarded
temporary driver license, pending issuance of regular driver license.
Moyale TVET College: this year 106 TOPs
enrolled in Moyale TVET in year-4 and
successfully graduated in dressmaking and
hairdressing skills. So far 206 (2 male) TOPs in
three different batches have been graduated
from moyale TVET and most of the graduates
reported that they have started they won
business after the training
Negelle Polytechnic College: in Negele
Polytechnic Collage 144 (18f and 34 PWD)
TOPs have completed skills training in 8
different training streams and graduated during the year. Moreover, 34 (18 female) people with
Disabilities (PwDs) trained in furniture and dress making/garment skills have successfully
graduated during this year. PRIME supported Guji zone Labor and Social Affairs Office and
Negelle Polytechnic College to enroll PWDs from low income families. The training helped
them to acquire compatible training of their choice and made them ready to work and earn
income. During the graduation ceremony, ECDD, Mercy Corps, SOS Sahel Ethiopia and
government partners organized a telethon aimed at
creating awareness and opportunities for the
graduates. For the fundraising, graduates exhibited
products and furniture they made during the
training. By so doing, they were able to raise
38,900 ETB and deposited at their group bank
account to startup a business. Negelle Borena
Municipality has given work premise and land for
PWDs to start their business operation. As a
follow-up activity PRIME announced a call for
proposals to provide competitive cost sharing
grants to strengthen and kick start their own
business. Moreover, the second round scholarship
program training has been started with 51 students
enrolled at Negelle Polytechnic College in
plumping, construction, furniture and metal work
departments.
Yabello Polytechnic College: PRIME provided
scholarship opportunity for 100 TOPs (53 female
and 22 PWD) to attend training at Yabello
Polytechnic College. All the 100 TOPs completed
their training successfully and now they are
pursuing jobs, started their own employment and
some searching for job. So far 183 TOPs have
During driving skill training practice in Southern cluster
Graduation ceremony for people with disabilities in Negelle
Dressmaking and hairdressing at Moyale TVET
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graduated from yabello Polytechnic College since PRIME started supporting the TVET to
expand their training streams and improve their curriculums.
V. FINANCIAL SUMMARY
PRIME EXPEDITURE SUMMARY REPORT
AS OF Sept 30, 2016
Per IR AMOUNT (USD)
IR 1 13,330,538
IR 2 13,431,672
ECIR 3 10,366,044
IR 4 7,610,161
IR 5 3,759,639
Crisis Modifier 1,500,000
GRAND TOTAL 49,998,054
Per Funding Stream
GCC 15,265,473
FtF 28,853,662
Nutrition 4,378,919
Crisis Modifier 1,500,000
GRAND TOTAL 49,998,054
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List of Annexes
Annex 1. EICC assessment Annex 2. IDB and ki-projects data quality check Annex 3. AHS 2015 report
Annex 4. AHS 2015 presentation
Annex 5. Mid-line survey presentation
Annex 6. Partner and recipient assessment spot check report
Annex 7. Learning briefs
Annex 8. Joint Planning Cell presentation by PRIME