Past Tense Irregular Verbs In English

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“Past Tense Irregular Verbs”

It is really important that you learn to do this section well. It probably will take you a few months—more like three or four months. YOU NEED TO TOTALLY MASTER SWITCHING FROM THE PRESENT TO PAST TENSES.

You are really going to like where we are going with all this. The short-term goal is to help you master the structures of irregular past tense verbs. This means that you will be able to use them without thinking.

In a short while, I will teach you how to build an encyclopedic knowledge of English verbs. What do I mean by this? Most people learn a vocabulary word such as the German word: greifen = “to grasp.” They continue to learn more words in English and its simple meaning in their own language like: 가다 = “to go.” This is mostly a waste of time.

When I say we are going to build an encyclopedic knowledge of English, I mean the following: We are going to learn the word “to go” and most, if not all the ways this word can be used in English sentences. In order to get to this level though, it is crucial that you learn the basic structure first. In other words, you need to be able to use the correct verb forms in both the present simple and past tenses. Once this is mastered, we can then go on and gain an encyclopedic knowledge.

Please go to the next page.


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“Beat/beat”I beat the high score (on the video game). You (my, his, her...._____) friend(s) at tennis (volleyball, soccer...) (win)we beat the eggs for breakfast. (stir)you the robber with a stick. (hit again and again)They him to the store (arrive first)

he beats the drum (plays)she the criminal (beat up)

What do I beat? you did we they does he she Become/became”I become sleepy in the afternoon.You angry when (he, she, they) is/are late.We became disappointed when (he, she, they ) fail(ed).You worried very frequently.They anxious about the economy. nervous around strangers.He becomesShe

What do I become? you did we they does he she


“Begin/began”I begin classes at 9:00 in the morning.You at 5:00 in the afternoonWe began at 7:00 at nightYou taking piano lessons today (yesterday).They preparing supper at 6:30. doing the laundry on FridayHe begins watching TV. at 4:30 (in the afternoon).She leaving for work at 6:30 in the morning.

“leaving for work” = “going to work”

What do I begin? you did we they does he she

“bend/bent”I bend my (his, her, their...) knees.You the spoon.We bent the coat hanger.You the truth (tell a lie).They (my, his, her, their...) pencil the bicycle wheel back. (unbend)He bends She

What do I bend? you did we they does he she


“bite/bit”I bite (my, your, his...) tongue (You want to say something bad, but you don't.)You the fishing lineWe bit into the pizza.You the foodThey the apple the orangeHe bitesShe

“bite” is often used of animals and insects: The dog bit me yesterday. The mosquitoes bit me all over.

What do I bite?How you did we they does he she

“blow/blew”I blow up the balloon. (inflate)You up the bridge (cause to explode; bomb)We blew out the candle (extinguish)You into the straw to make bubbles. (drinking straw)They

He blowsShe

What do I blow up? you out did we into they does he she


“break/broke”I break the dishes.You in the horse (make tame)We broke (my, his, her, their...) promiseYou the appointmentThey (my, his, her....) word (promise) the remote controlHe breaksShe

What do I break ? you break in did we they does he she

“bring/brought”I bring (my, his, her...) family to the store.You food to the party.We brought books to school.You up the teacher's mistake (cause to discuss)They the money. (his, her, their, my....) friends down (to harm one's He brings friend)She

What do I bring ? you bring up did we they does he she


“build/built”I build a sandcastle at the beach.You a houseWe built a bridge (to the other side of the river.)You a tree houseThey a computer a porch with wood He buildsShe

What do I build? you did we they does he she

“burst/burst”The balloon (s) burst(s)The paper bag(s) burstThe can(s) of colaThe water bed(s)The hot air balloon

What burst(s) ? burst


“buy/bought”I buy a new carYou a used computer We bought stereoYou mp3 playerThey bicycle He buys some new in-line skatesShe board games magazines

What do I buy ? you did we they does he she

“catch/caught”I catch a cold (get sick)You the ballWe caught the game on t.v. (watch)You (his, her, their, your...) drift (understand (him, her, them...)They your (his, her, their...) meaning (understand) a fishHe catches a fox She

What do I catch? you did we they does he she


“choose/chose”I choose the red car.You not to fight.We chose a different schoolYou the right president.They the right path (the best way to go) to listen to the teacher.He choosesShe

What do I choose ? you did we they does he she

“cling/clung”I cling to old habits You to (his, my, their....) mother We clung to (his, her, their, your....) old beliefsYou to the tree during the stormThey to God's word in hard times. to (my, your, his, her....) father's promises.He clingsShe

What do I cling to? you did we they does he she


“come/came”I come from the store*You the United StatesWe came Korea You JapanThey out of the houseHe comes the museum She amusement park

*For the present tense it is best to use the present progressive: “I am coming from the store.” “I come from the store” is not correct.

Where do I come from ? you come out of did we they does he she

“cost/cost”The dog(s) a lot of money.The dress(es) cost(s) a little bit of money.The pants cost a week's work.The shoes five hour's work.The pencil(s) too much

What do(es) the dog(s) cost the dress(es) did the pant(s) the shoes the pencil(s)


“cut/cut”I cut (his,her, my) fingerYou the paper into twoWe cut the paper in half You off (my, your, his...) hairThey down the tree. up (slang: misbehave) in schoolHe cuts out the picture in the newspaper.She

What do I cut? you cut off did we cut down they cut out do in school? does he she

“deal/dealt”I deal honestly.You in cars (to sell cars)We dealt the cards ( to place the cards on the table (card game) You fairlyThey dishonestly unfairlyHe dealsShe

We use the noun “a good deal” “a bad deal” “a dirty deal” more than the verb. “Give me a good deal.” “He gave me a raw deal.” A “raw” deal is very bad business involving crime or some form of cheating.

What do I deal ?How you did we they does he she


“dig/dug”I dig a hole in the ground.You a well in the yard.We dug a ditchYou a grave for the dog.They it (them) (=to like something)*

He digsShe

She digs you = She likes you.Do you dig it? = Do you like it?

What do I dig? you did we they does he she

“dive/dove”I dive into the waterYou into the subject (study deeply)We dove into the poolYou in too deep (go too far)They into the ocean

He divesShe

Where do I dive ? you did we they does he she


“do/did”I do the dishesYou We did the English homework You the ScienceThey the Social Studies the math

He does the choresShe

What do I do? you did we they does he she

“draw/drew”I draw a pictureYou in my notebookWe drew on the desk.You a nature sceneThey a family portrait. (family picture) the president.He drawsShe

What do I do?Where you did we they does he she


“drink/drank”I drink a glass of juiceYou a little carton of milkWe drank a bottle of colaYou a can of beerThey a glass of apple cider two bottles of grape sodaHe drinks a couple cans of root beerShe

What do I drink? you did we they does he she

“drive/drove”I drive a truckYou a two-door sedanWe drove a tractorYou a semi (an eighteen wheeler)They a sports car a race carHe drives She

What do I drive ? you did we they does he she


“eat/ate”I eat two pieces of pizzaYou a couple chicken wingsWe ate three strawberries.You some grapesThey a bowl of popcorn

He eats two bowls of ice cream She some bananas

What do I eat? you did we they does he she

“fall/fell”I fall down the hole.You down the stairsWe fell from the tree.You off the roofThey into the river from the bikeHe falls off the skateboardShe from the horse

What do I fall down? you fall from did we fall off they fall into does he she


“feel/felt”I feel happyYou angryWe felt scaredYou annoyedThey frustrated embarrassedHe feels helplessShe empowered

How do I feel ? you did we they does he she

“fight/fought”I fight with the neighborYou the boss We fought the other teamYou (my, his, her...) girlfriend/boyfriend They (my, his, her...) parents the bully(bullies)He fights the robbersShe

Who do I you fight with ? did we they does he she


“find/found”I find the flashlight under the seatYou the lost money behind the doorWe found the old shoes next to the bedYou the wallet in the drawerThey the remote control in front of the t.v. the car keysHe findsShe

What do I find ? you did we they does he she

Where do I find the flashlight? you the lost money did we the old shoes they the wallet the remote control does he the car keys she


“fly/flew”I fly to Japan on flight number 759You to China 285We to Mexico 422You flew to Korea 345They to Hong Kong to EuropeHe flies to Brazil She

What do I do? you did we they does he she

Where do I fly to? you did we they does he she


“forget/forgot”I forget the appointment.You the anniversaryWe forgot what day it is (was).You where the store is (was)They how much they/it cost(s) (cost) how to go to the schoolHe forgetsShe

What do I forget ? you did we they does he she

“give/gave”I give him the moneyYou her the magazineWe gave them the novelYou you the book bagThey the briefcase the credit cardHe gives the medicineShe

What do I give him? you her did we them they you does he she


“go/went”I go to the beach with friendsYou to the shopping mall (my, his, her, their...) motherWe to church (my, his, her, their...) grandparentsYou went to the restaurant (my, his...) business associateThey to the amusement park (my, his...) classmate He goesShe

Where do I go? you did we they does he she

Who do I go to the beach with? you to the shopping mall did we to church they to the restaurant to the amusement park does he she


“forgive/forgave”I forgive (him, her, them, us, you, me)You the debtWe forgave the errorYou the mistakeThey the misjudgment He forgivesShe

What do I forgive ? Who you did we they does he she

“freeze/froze”I freeze the foodYou the waterWe froze (my, his, her, their...) toesYou the meatThey the vegetables the fishHe freezesShe

What do I freeze? you did we they does he she


“get/got”I get the mailYou a new bikeWe some new clothesYou got a used computerThey a new textbook a music cdHe gets a new video gameShe

What do I get? you did we they does he she

“grind/ground”I grind the toolYou the knife (knives)We ground the axeYou the metalThey the screwdriver the coffeeHe grindsShe

What do I grind? you did we they does he she


“grow/grew”I grow corn in the fieldYou wheat in the gardenWe grew potatoesYou tomatoesThey cucumbers squashHe growsShe

What do I grow ? you did we they does he she

Where do I grow corn? you wheat did we potatoes they tomatoes cucumbers does he squash she


“hang/hung”I hang the clothes (on the clothesline.)You the picture (on the wall.)We hung the poster (on the door)You the curtains (next to the window)They the light (over the table) the dec orations (on the tree) He hangsShe

What do I hang? you did we they does he she

Where do I hang the clothes? you the picture did we the poster they the curtains the light does he the decorations she


“have/had”I have a new mp3 playerYou a nice houseWe had a sports magazineYou a new pair of shoesThey a microwave a laptop computerHe has a king-sized bedShe

What do I have? you did we they does he she

“hear/heard”I hear the classical music playingYou the strange noiseWe heard the dog barkingYou the kitten purringThey the cars coming the ambulance sirenHe hears the bell ringingShe

What do I hear? you did we they does he she


“hide/hid”I hide the money under the bedYou the jewelry in the closetWe hid the weapon(s) under the mattressYou the valuables in the cupboardThey the cookies in the drawer the snacks under the houseHe hides the pistol(s) She

What do I hide? you did we they does he she

Where do I hide the money? you the jewelry did we the weapon(s) they the valuables the cookies does he the snacks she the pistol(s)


“hold/held”I hold the baby You the money We held the pictureYou the notebookThey the pencil the kitchen knife He holds the spoonShe the spatula

What do I hold? Who you did we they does he she

“hurt/hurt”I hurt (my, his, her...) toe(s) while skatingYou friend(s) skiingWe hurt arm(s) riding a bikeYou leg(s) skateboardingThey finger(s) playing soccer dog playing baseballHe hurts elbow playing rugbyShe knee shoulder

What do I hurt? you did we they does he she


“keep/kept”I keep (my, his, her...) promisesYou (my, his, her...) appointmentsWe kept (my, his, her...) money safeYou (my, his, her...) money in the bankThey (my, his, her...) children away from dangerous people away from (avoid) barsHe keeps gangsShe drugs bad people

What do I keep? How you keep (your, his, her, their....) money Who did we keep (your, his, her, their....) children away fromWhat they keep away from does he she

“kneel/knelt”I kneel before the kingYou when (I, she, he....) pray(s) (prayed)We knelt when (I, she, he...) win(s) (won) a prize.You before the queenThey before the prince before the princessHe kneels before GodShe

When do I kneel?Where you did we they does he she


“know/knew”I know the answer wellYou that man inside-out We knew the Spanish language the bestYou the German They the Russian the KoreanHe knows the FrenchShe the author of the book science

What do I know? you did we they does he she

How well do I know the answer? you that man did we the Spanish language they the German the Russian does he the Korean she the French the author of the book science


“lay/laid”I lay the book on the shelfYou the magazine on the table We laid the coat on the bedYou the laundry in the basketThey the shirt on the chair the blue-jeans next to the bedHe laysShe

What do I lay on the shelf you on the table did we on the bed they in the basket on the chair does he next to the bed she

Next page, please.


“lead/led”I lead the group during the week You the choir on weekends We led the debate club during the summer You the field trip for two weeks They the meeting one month ago the training last monthHe leads a couple of days agoShe

What do I lead? you did we they does he she

When do I lead the group ?For how long you the choir did we the debate club they the field trip the meeting does he the training she


“leave/left”I leave school at 3:30 frequentlyYou work at 5:30 oftenWe left my credit cards at home occasionally You the house early sometimes They church late from time to time the children with friends every now and thenHe leaves the homework at homeShe

When do I leave? How often you did we they does he she


“lend/lent”I lend (my, his, her...) money to (my, his, her...) friend(s)You car brother(s)We lent textbooks sister(s)You time teacherThey computer uncle calculator auntHe lendsShe

What do I lend? you did we they does he she

Who do I lend the money to? you the car did we the textbooks they the computer the calculator does he the time she


“let/let”I let (my, his, her...) brother borrow (my, his, her...) bicycleYou friend have money We let sister use computerYou mp3 player They baseball glove combHe lets shampooShe

What do I let (my,his, her...) brother do? How often you friend did we sister they does he she


“lie/lay”I lie on the couch watching TVYou on the sofa reading a newspaperWe lay on the floor looking at a magazineYou on the bean bag listening to an mp3 player They on the recliner sleeping taking a napHe laysShe

Where do I lie? you did we they does he she

What do you do when you lie on the couch I I sofa we we floor they they bean bag recliner does he he lies she she


“light/lit”I light the cigaretteYou the birthday candlesWe lit the lanternYou the campfireThey the fireworks the stoveHe lightsShe

What do I light? you did we they does he she


“lose/lost”I lose the game xxxxxxxxxxxxYou (my, his, her... keys at the mall We lost money in a big cityYou luggage on vacationThey credit card(s) in a fire childrenHe loses belongingsShe

What do I lose? you did we they does he she

Where do I lose (my, his, her...) keys? you money did we luggage they credit card(s) children does he belongings she


“make/made”I make a cakeYou a lot of money (earn)We made a big mistakeYou an errorThey time for a friend furnitureHe makes food at the restaurant She

What do I make? you did we they does he she

“mean/meant”I mean that one not this one.You this one not that oneWe meant the newest one not the older oneYou the German one not the American one. They the big one not the small one. the small one not the big oneHe meansShe

What do I mean? you did we they does he she


“meet/met”I meet the president of the company at 8:00You the pastor of that church 8:05We met the teacher at the school 8:15You the engineer at the work site 8:30They the doctor at the hospital 8:40 the lawyer at his/her office 8:50He meets 8:55She

Who do I meet? you did we they does he she

When do I meet the president of the company? you the pastor of that church did we the teacher at the school they the engineer at the work site the doctor at the hospital does he the lawyer at his/her office she


“prove/proved”I prove (his, her, my...) point You innocence We proved worthYou greatnessThey courage weakness He proves strengthShe*This verb is irregular in the perfect form, not the past. We will learn this later.

What do I prove? you did we they does he she

“put/put”I put the pencil on the deskYou the glasses in the drawerWe put the money in the closet You the letter next to the computerThey the keys under the blanket the walletHe puts the purseShe

What do I put on the desk? you in the drawer did we in the closet they next to the computer under the blanket does he she


“read/read”*I read the magazine once a weekYou the newspaper twice a weekWe read the mystery novel three times a weekYou the romance novel four times a weekThey the fantasy novel five times a week... the BibleHe reads the sports section (of the newspaper)She*The past tense is pronounced like “red.”

What do I read? you did we they does he she

How often do I read the magazine? you the newspaper did we the mystery novel they the romance novel the fantasy novel does he the Bible she the sports section (of the newspaper)


“ride/rode”I ride the bicycle to the parkYou the bus downtownWe rode the motorcycle to the shopping center You the motor scooter to the universityThey the train to the stadium the subway to the bookstoreHe ridesShe

What do I ride? you did we they does he she

Where do I ride the bicycle to? you the bus did we the motorcycle they the motor scooter the train does he the subway she


“ring/rang”I ring the dinner bellYou the church bells We rang the hand bellsYou up a friend (call on the phone)They the warning bell

He ringsShe

What do I ring? you did we they does he she

“rise/rose”I rise early on MondaysYou late Tuesdays We rose at noon time Wednesdays You at 10:00 ThursdaysThey at 6:30 Fridays SaturdaysHe rises SundaysShe

When do I rise on Mondays you Tuesdays did we Wednesdays they Thursdays Fridays does he Saturdays she Sundays


“run/ran”I run to the storeYou in the parkWe ran around town You down the streetThey around the track through the forestHe runsShe

Where do I run? you did we they does he she

“say/said”I say that I have (had) a stomachache. You you have (had) no moneyWe said we like(s) (liked) to read novelsYou you enjoy(ed) swimmingThey they want(s) (ed) to go skiing has (had) to do homework.He says he are (is) (was) sickShe she

What do I say? you did we they does he she


“see/saw”I see the ship in the oceanYou the snake in the gardenWe saw the bird in the treeYou the deer in the fieldThey the dolphin in the ocean the airplane in the skyHe sees the advertisement in the magazineShe

What do I see? you did we they does he she

“sell/sold”I sell my old computerYou your sports carWe sold our in-line skatesYou your laptop computerThey their Nintendo games textbooksHe sells his motorcycleShe her

What do I sell? you did we they does he she


“send/sent”I send the letter to the company.You the money to the governmentWe sent the package to (my, his, her....) grandmotherYou the postcard to (my, his, her...) cousinThey the bill to (my, his, her...) best friend the thank you noteHe sends the present*She

*Of course we don't send presents or thank you notes to the government. I don't like sending them anything.

What do I send? you did we they does he she

Who do I send the letter to? you the money did we the package they the postcard the bill does he the thank you note she the present


“set/set”I set the knife on the tableYou the silverware in the cabinetWe set the spoon in the drawerYou the glass(es) in the cupboardThey the fork(s) in the sink the butter knife in the washing machineHe sets the steak knife next to the napkinShe

What do I set on the table? you in the cabinet did we in the drawer they in the cupboard in the sink does he in the washing machine she next to the napkin

“shake/shook”I shake (my, his, her, their...) head You (my, his, her, their...) hand*We shook the cola bottleYou the presentThey the coin jar the rugHe shakes the wet clothes She

*Obviously I don't shake my own hand, right? I shake (shook) his hand...her hand...their hands....your hand...your hands... Got it?

What do I shake? you did we they does he she


“shoot/shot”I shoot the deer with a rifleYou the can with a pistolWe shot the target with a bow and arrowYou the bottle with a sling shotThey the tree with a crossbow the rabbit with a blowgunHe shootsShe

Sorry about this one for you animal lovers. Remember we are just practicing.

What do I shoot? you did we they does he she

What do I shoot the deer with? you the can did we the target they the bottle the tree does he the rabbit she


“shrink/shrank”I shrink the clothesYou the pictureWe shrank the image sizeYou the shirtThey the pants the signHe shrinks the symbol She

What do I shrink? you did we they does he she


“shut/shut”I shut the door with (my, his, her, their, your....) hand You the window with a stickWe shut the car door with (my, his, her, their, your...) footYou the trap door with a ropeThey the attic door the cellar doorHe shuts (his, her, my, their, your...) mouth x*She

*You don't shut your mouth with a stick, hand, or foot. Right?

What do I shut? you did we they does he she

What do I shut the door with ? you the window did we the car door they the trap door the attic door does he the cellar door she


“sing/sang”I sing an opera song with (his, her, their...) friendYou a rock song with the bandWe sang a jazz song in front of the crowdYou a blues song in front of an audienceThey a pop song in the stadium a ballad in the arenaHe sings a heavy metal song in the concert hallShe

What do I sing with (his, her, their...) friend ? you with the band did we in front of the crowd they in front of an audience in the stadium does he in the arena she in the concert hall

“sink/sank”The boat(s) sink(s) in the oceanThe beach ball(s) sank in the lakeThe swimmer(s) in the riverThe raft(s) in the swimming poolThe float(s) The buoy(s)*

*Not in swimming pools.

What do the boat(s) do?Where the beach ball(s) sink? did the swimmer(s) the raft(s) does the buoy(s)


“sit/sat”I sit in the chairYou on the floorWe sat on the couch (sofa)You on the bedThey on the park bench on the lawn chairHe sits in the raftShe on the swing

Where do I sit? you did we they does he she

“slay/slew”I slay the dragon(s)You the beast(s)We slew the varmint(s)You the enemy (enemies)They the rabid animal the wolf (wolves)He slaysShe

What do I slay? you did we they does he she


“sleep/slept”I sleep at the hotel You at the motelWe slept in a tentYou on the groundThey in the wilderness in a sleeping bag He sleeps on a cot She

Where do I sleep? you did we they does he she


“speak/spoke”I speak Japanese in classYou Korean in the meeting We spoke Chinese at homeYou Spanish at the language clubThey French at the restaurant German at the university He speaks Dutch at the embassyShe English

What do I speak? you did we they does he she

Where do I speak Japanese? you Korean did we Chinese they Spanish French does he German she Dutch English


“spend/spent”I spend all (my, his, her, their...) moneyYou (my, his, her, their...) time in the libraryWe spent at home You studyingThey fixing cars the vacation in HawaiiHe spends the evening watching TVShe reading a novel talking on the phone

What do I spend ? *** you did we they does he she *** Use these questions only with “money”

How do I spend my (his, her, your, their...) time? you the vacation did we the evening they does he she


“spin/spun”I spin the top (on the floor)You the wheels (in the snow)We spun the bottle (on the table)You the child (around and around)They the tires (on the pavement) the spool of threadHe spinsShe

What do I spin? you did we they does he she

“spring/sprang”I spring the trapYou onto the other player (jump on the other player)We sprang into action (start quickly)You into the open (stop hiding and come out quickly)They him out of jail (get him out of jail) up and down (jump up and down)He springsShe

What do I spring?Who you How did weWhat they do? does he she


“stand/stood”I stand on the platformYou upWe stood up for (my, your, his, her, their...) beliefs (not compromise) You on the chairThey under the bridge next to the sports carHe stands near the edge of a cliffShe up for justice up for the truth

Where do I stand ?** you did we they does he she

**Don't use “stand up for my beliefs” with this question. Use the next question.

What do I stand up for? you did we they does he she


“steal/stole”I steal the watch(es) (from the sto re) You the fla shlight(s) (from the hardware store) We stole the knife (knives) (from the cutlery shop)You a towel (some towels) (from the linens section)They a CD (some CD's) (from the music section) a bel t buckle (some belt buckles) (from the men's department) He stealsShe

What do I steal? you did we they does he she

Where do I steal the watch(es) from? you the flashlight(s) did we the knife (knives) they a towel (some towels) does he she


“sting/stung”The yellow jacket sting(s) me on the armThe wasp(s) stung you on the footThe hornet(s) him in the stomach The jelly fish* her on the backThe scorpion(s) us in (on) the ear(s)The bumble bee them in the eye(s) on the butt

What sting(s) you on the arm stung me on the foot him on the stomach her on the back us on the ear(s) them in the eye on the butt

“strike/struck”I strike the ball with a batYou the boy in the face with (my, your, his, her...) fistWe struck hard and fastYou with a lot of force They (him, her, me, you, them...) down (his, her, my, your...) name off the list (delete)He strikesShe

What do I strike?Who you How did we they does he she


“swear/swore”I swear an oathYou too much (say dirty or bad words)We swore by what he says (said) (swear by = believe)You he doesn't (didn't) smoke in the bathroom (promise)They she didn't do it (promise) when (he, she, they, you...) is/are angryHe swearsShe

What do I do? you swear did we do when (he, she, they, you...) is/are angry? they does he she

“swim/swam”I swim in the riverYou in the oceanWe swam in the swimming poolYou in the lakeThey in debt (have too much debt) with (his, her, my, your, their...) friend(s)He swims with a life jacketShe

Where do I swim? you did we they does he she


“swing/swung”I swing(s) on a swing setYou on a rope swingWe swung over the lake and jump(s) (jumped)You on the porch swingThey the baseball bat the tennis racketHe the axShe the chopping maul

Where do I swing? What you did we they does he she

“take/took”I take the examYou the candy from the baby We took the jewelry from the store (steal)You the medicineThey the advice (accept) advantage of good weather*He takesShe

*take advantage = make the most of an opportunity

What do I take? you did we they does he she


“teach/taught”I teach English at the elementary schoolYou math at the middle schoolWe taught science at the high schoolYou history at the universityThey geography at the vocational school literature at the academyHe teachesShe

(Of course, we don't teach literature and geography at elementary schools)

What do I do? you did we they does he she Where do I teach English? you math did we science they history geography does he literature she


“think/thought”I think - about the problemYou -about world peaceWe thought -about the love of GodYou -the idea is (was) strangeThey --she (he, you, they, we....) is/are (was/were) right -for (myself, yourself, himself, herself, themselves, He thinks ourselves, yourselves) (No one helps you think)She -the idea is (was) wrong

How do I think about What you did we they think does he she

“throw/threw”I throw the ball to (my, his, her, their....) father You a paper airplane (out the window)We threw a basketball (across the court)You a baseball (to first base)They a football (American) away the old clothes (put into the garbage)He throws up (vomit, regurgitate, puke)She

What do I throw ? you throw up did we throw away they does he she


“understand/understood”I understand the question wellYou the situation poorlyWe understood the dilemma a littleYou the meaning of the speech a lotThey the issues not at all foreign languagesHe understandsShe

What do I understand? you did we they does he she

How well do I understand the question? you the situation did we the dilemma they the meaning of the speech the issues does he foreign languages she


“wake/woke”I wake up (my, his, her, your, their...) motherYou fatherWe woke up brother(s)You sister(s)They cousin(s) niece(s)He wakes up nephew(s)She aunt(s) uncle(s)

Who do I wake up? you did we they does he she

“wear/wore”I wear blue jeans to the partyYou a dress shirt to churchWe wore a tie to schoolYou a dress to the officeThey leather shoes to the shopping mall a baseball cap(hat)He wears a t-shirtShe

What do I wear to the party? you to church did we to school they to the office to the shopping mall does he she


“wring/wrung”I wring the chicken's neckYou the wet towelWe wrung the wet clothes You (my, his, her, their...) hairThey the mop the washcloth He wrings the wet socksShe

What do I wring ? you did we they does he she

“write/wrote”

I write a letter (to a friend)You the directions ((instructions) on the chalkboard) We wrote the answer (to the question) You the directions to (his, her, my, your....) houseThey (his, her, my, your, their) phone number(s) (on a piece of paper) a book about fishingHe writesShe

What do I write? you did we they does he she


“weave/wove”I weave clothe out of woolYou a basket We wove a ropeYou a good yarn (to tell a good story)They a pretty good tale (to tell a good story) He weavesShe

What do I weave? you did we they does he she


Past Tense Irregular Verbs In English

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