Parts of The HeartParts of The Heart The Atria (or Atriums)The Atria (or Atriums)
-Receiving Chambers-Receiving Chambers The VentriclesThe Ventricles
-Pumping Chambers-Pumping Chambers The ValvesThe Valves
-Prevents backflow-Prevents backflow The SeptumThe Septum
-Divides the Heart-Divides the Heart Right side = incoming bloodRight side = incoming blood Left side = outgoing bloodLeft side = outgoing blood
ANATOMY OF THE HEARTANATOMY OF THE HEART
ANATOMY OF THE HEARTANATOMY OF THE HEART
Label the structures of the heart from your handout.Refer to your text P. 495
You have 10 minutes!
PATHWAY OF BLOODPATHWAY OF BLOOD
Trace the flow of a red blood cell as it Trace the flow of a red blood cell as it returns to the heart from the body's returns to the heart from the body's
cells.cells.
PATHWAY OF BLOODPATHWAY OF BLOOD
1)1) a. a. superior vena cava superior vena cava oror 1)b. 1)b. inferior vena cavainferior vena cava
2)2) right atriumright atrium
3)3) tricuspid valve—(AV valve)tricuspid valve—(AV valve)
4)4) right ventricleright ventricle
5)5) pulmonary valve—(semilunar valve)pulmonary valve—(semilunar valve)
6)6) pulmonary arterypulmonary artery (goes to lungs)(goes to lungs)
PATHWAY OF BLOODPATHWAY OF BLOOD
7) pulmonary vein (from the lungs)8) left atrium9) bicuspid valve (left AV valve)10) left ventricle11) aortic valve (semilunar valve)12) aorta13) to the body’s cells
HEART SOUNDSHEART SOUNDS
Normal Sounds (48 sec):Normal Sounds (48 sec):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeMJXMSkA7g
(3:30 min) (3:30 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE
When you hear your heart beating, what are you actually listening to?
What do blue vs. red areas represent?What do blue vs. red areas represent?
AV
SL
AV
Heart valvesHeart valves 4 valves in the heart4 valves in the heart
– flaps of connective tissueflaps of connective tissue– prevent backflowprevent backflow
________________________________________________________ – between atrium & ventriclebetween atrium & ventricle– keeps blood from flowing back keeps blood from flowing back
into atria when ventricles contractinto atria when ventricles contract» ““lub”lub”
________________________________________________________– between ventricle & arteriesbetween ventricle & arteries– prevent backflow from arteries into prevent backflow from arteries into
ventricles while they are relaxingventricles while they are relaxing» ““dub”dub”
AV
SL
AV
Lub-dub, lub-dubLub-dub, lub-dub Heart soundsHeart sounds
– closing of valvesclosing of valves– ““Lub”Lub”
» recoil of blood against recoil of blood against closed AV valvesclosed AV valves
– ““Dub”Dub”» recoil of blood against recoil of blood against
semilunar valvessemilunar valves
Heart murmurHeart murmur– defect in valves causes hissing sound when stream of defect in valves causes hissing sound when stream of
blood squirts backward through valveblood squirts backward through valve
Cardiac cycleCardiac cycle
systolic________diastolic
pump (peak pressure)_________________fill (minimum pressure)
1 complete sequence of pumping1 complete sequence of pumping– heart contracts & pumpsheart contracts & pumps– heart relaxes & chambers fill heart relaxes & chambers fill – contraction phasecontraction phase
» ____________________________» ventricles pumps blood outventricles pumps blood out
– relaxation phaserelaxation phase» ____________________________» atria refill with bloodatria refill with blood
110
____
70
Measurement of blood pressureMeasurement of blood pressure
High Blood Pressure (hypertension)High Blood Pressure (hypertension)– if top number (if top number (systolicsystolic pumping) > 150 pumping) > 150
– if bottom number (if bottom number (diastolicdiastolic filling) > 90 filling) > 90
Control of Heart RateControl of Heart Rate
contraction without brain inputcontraction without brain input Sinoatrial (SA) node, also called pacemaker cells Sinoatrial (SA) node, also called pacemaker cells
are nerve cells in the right atriumare nerve cells in the right atrium SA node causes the atria to contract SA node causes the atria to contract sends electrical stimuli to the atrioventricular (AV) sends electrical stimuli to the atrioventricular (AV)
node. node. electrical stimuli are sent through two nerve fibres electrical stimuli are sent through two nerve fibres
called Purkinje fibres to the ventriclescalled Purkinje fibres to the ventricles causing them to contract. causing them to contract.
Control of Heart Rate
Disorders of CV SystemDisorders of CV System
PlaquePlaque– Patchwork of cholesterol, calcium and fat Patchwork of cholesterol, calcium and fat
deposits that stick to interior wallsdeposits that stick to interior walls
Dangers of plaque build upDangers of plaque build up– AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis– Heart attackHeart attack– ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis– Sudden cardiac arrestSudden cardiac arrest
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
Narrowing of the arteries resulting from Narrowing of the arteries resulting from plaque building up inside the artery wallplaque building up inside the artery wall
Blood pressure increasesBlood pressure increases Sometimes flow completely blockedSometimes flow completely blocked
Heart AttackHeart Attack
Blood supply to heart tissue is slowed or Blood supply to heart tissue is slowed or stoppedstopped
Narrowing coronary arteries due to Narrowing coronary arteries due to atherosclerosisatherosclerosis
Heart usually does not stop beatingHeart usually does not stop beating Pain in upper chest, shortness of breath, Pain in upper chest, shortness of breath,
nauseanausea Heart muscle can dieHeart muscle can die
ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis
Advanced stage of plaque buildupAdvanced stage of plaque buildup Deposits on artery wall hardenDeposits on artery wall harden Arteries lose elasticity and ability to stretchArteries lose elasticity and ability to stretch Decrease in BP and chance of blood clotsDecrease in BP and chance of blood clots
Sudden Cardiac ArrestSudden Cardiac Arrest
Heart suddenly stops functioningHeart suddenly stops functioning Drowning, electrocution, trauma, chokingDrowning, electrocution, trauma, choking Coronary heart disease most commonCoronary heart disease most common
CV DisordersCV Disorders ArrhythmiaArrhythmia
– Irregular heart beatIrregular heart beat
HypertensionHypertension– High blood pressureHigh blood pressure
Heart failureHeart failure– Heart cant pump blood efficiently or send blood with enough Heart cant pump blood efficiently or send blood with enough
force to bodyforce to body
AneurysmAneurysm– Bulge in artery wallBulge in artery wall
StrokeStroke– Blood clot in artery going to brainBlood clot in artery going to brain
CholesterolCholesterol
A fat that is part of your cell membranes and A fat that is part of your cell membranes and is used to synthesize hormones, bile and is used to synthesize hormones, bile and vitamin Dvitamin D
Liver manufacturesLiver manufactures Transported by two lipoproteins made of fat Transported by two lipoproteins made of fat
and proteinsand proteins– HDL and LDLHDL and LDL
LipoproteinsLipoproteins
HDLHDL– Good cholesterolGood cholesterol– Helps remove excess cholesterol from tissues Helps remove excess cholesterol from tissues
and arteriesand arteries LDLLDL
– Bad cholesterolBad cholesterol– Becomes part of plaque in arteriesBecomes part of plaque in arteries– Found in food high in trans and saturated fatsFound in food high in trans and saturated fats