Parts of the Cell
Jan 18, 2016
Parts of the Cell
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
What are Cells?•The cell theory states the following:
• All living things are composed of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
• All cells are produced from other cells.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1GQyciJaTA
Two Types of Cells:
1. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound internal structures. Organisms whose cells lacks a nucleus.2. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound structures. Organisms with cells that contain nuclei.
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
1. Nucleus– Nickname: “The Control Center”– Function: holds the DNA– Parts:
• Chromatin: strands that contain genetic material• Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus that helps make ribosomes• Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds the nucleus
– Plant and animal cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
2. Ribosomes– Function: makes proteins– Located: 2 places - Connected to the ER
and all throughout the cell.
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)– Nickname: “Roads”– Function: The internal delivery system of the cell – Located: Close to the nucleus– 2 types: 1. Rough ER – Has the ribosomes
attached to it. 2. Smooth ER – does not have ribosomes attached to it.
– Plant and animal cells
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
4. Golgi Complex– Nickname: The shippers– Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
– Appearance: stack of pancakes– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)
– Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”– Function: to break down food into particles
the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
6. Mitochondria– Nickname: “The Powerhouse”– Function: Energy formation
• Breaks down food to make ATP– ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
7. Vacuoles– Function:
• Plant Cells– Very large and only one– stores water– This is what makes lettuce crisp
» When there is no water, the plant wilts
• Animal Cells– Smaller and several in number– Stores/releases waste products – used in cellular digestion
– Located: Cytoplasm
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
8. Chloroplasts– Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell– Located: Cytoplasm– Green in color because of chlorophyll, which
is a green pigment– Plant cells
Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
9. Cell Wall– Function: provides support and protection to
the cell membrane– Located: Found outside the cell membrane
in plant cells– What is Cell Wall made of: Strong material
called cellulos
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
10. Cell Membrane– Functions:
• separates the inside of the cell from its environment
• Controls what substances enter and leave the cell
– Oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, food, etc…
– Located:• In plant cells, it is to the inside of the cell wall• In animal cells, it is the outermost part of the cell
• Centrioles
Function: Helps the cell divide (mitosis)
Located: Near the nucleus
Made of: Microtubules
Found in: Animal Cells only
• Cytoplasm– Function: Gel like substance that fills the cell
and holds the organelles in place.– Found In: Plant and animal cells– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
zafJKbMPA8
Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells