S F t f P ti i t F t S F t f P ti i t F t Success Factors for Participatory Forest Success Factors for Participatory Forest Success Factors for Participatory Forest Success Factors for Participatory Forest Success Factors for Participatory Forest Success Factors for Participatory Forest Management in Africa Management in Africa Management in Africa Management in Africa Management in Africa Management in Africa Karin Gaesing, Einhard Schmidt -Kallert, Dominik Cremer -Schulte Participatory Forest Management The pressure on forests and biodiversity is high. Poor Types of Participatory Forest Participatory Forest Management and Buffer Zone Development The pressure on forests and biodiversity is high. Poor ho ehold e f ee‘ fo e t eo e fo thei li elihood Types of Participatory Forest Management and Buffer Zone Development households use ‚free‘ forest resources for their livelihood. Management On the other hand poor households depend on forest On the other hand poor households depend on forest resources for survival So their interest is to use and Comm nit based fo est management Reconcile livelihood with biodiversity resources for survival. So their interest is to use and Community based forest management Reconcile livelihood with biodiversity conservation through buffer zone manage it in a sustainable way conservation through buffer zone manage it in a sustainable way. management management Consigned management Consigned management Buffer zone management needs to be Buffer zone management needs to be d h f / l rooted in the forest/natural Contractual partnership conservation policy Interface Contractual partnership conservation policy Interface livelihood needs must have the livelihood needs must have the same weight as biodiversity Forest/ Cooperant management same weight as biodiversity Forest/ Biodiversity Cooperant management protection Community Biodiversity protection bl d l ti h ll b problems and solutions shall be C lt ti identified through bottom up Consultation identified through bottom up planning planning under the management of a single under the management of a single authority authority it td i di t i t i l Conservation integrated in district or regional Conservation N d development planning under one Needs development planning under one l i th it Community planning authority Community Needs Participatory Planning – Needs creating creating a win-win a win win situation situation Participatory Land Use Planning Participatory Land Use Planning d k Lessons learnt from practice Lessons learnt from practice around Kakamega Forest Lessons learnt from practice Lessons learnt from practice communities need not only access and f ll th it i t bd i t d Participatory Forest Management must have communities need not only access and full authority given to one body instead Participatory Forest Management must have management rights but also full of complicated co-management two goals: authority over forest and ist use of complicated co management arrangements two goals: authority over forest and ist use, arrangements 9 eg to keep outsiders out of i i f 9 e.g. to keep outsiders out of h f incentives necessary for success the forest 9 community gets share from C I l 9 community gets share from ll d 9 e.g. to collect fees and fines Conserve Improve rural revenue collected and to manage them in the Conserve biodiversity livelihoods and to manage them in the it biodiversity livelihoods 9 share from regulated sale of community share from regulated sale of forest products for community forest products for community development „Neither co-management nor designated 9 creation of income generating management have yet proven successful 9 creation of income generating activities in the buffer zone management have yet proven successful. activities in the buffer zone Not sharing of benefits but sharing of Not sharing of benefits but sharing of h l bl power is the clue to sustainable Communtiy Forest Development “ Communtiy Forest Development. Liz Alden Wiley CASE STUDY: Participatory Forest Management in the Bale Mountains Ethiopia The WAJIB Approach CASE STUDY: Participatory Forest Management in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia – The WAJIB Approach h i i Area characteristics - Rural area with a high population growth rate Rural area with a high population growth rate Mountainous area up to 3 700m asl - Mountainous area up to 3,700m a.s.l. M ti d ith t l f t h - Mountains covered with natural forests, huge biodiversity , endemic flora and fauna - Different vegetation zones (savanna, afro-alpin etc.) Different vegetation zones (savanna, afro alpin etc.) - Largest town: Dodola (ca 28 000 inhabitants) - Largest town: Dodola (ca. 28,000 inhabitants) Integrated Forest Management Project Adaba-Dodola Integrated Forest Management Project, Adaba-Dodola I 1995 h GTZ (G ll h f fü T hi h Objectives - In 1995 the GTZ (Gesellschaft für Technische Objectives Protection of remaining natural forests Zusammenarbeit) assisted the Ethiopian government in - Protection of remaining natural forests D l d th f t ti bl introducing a community based approach which was - Develop, use and manage the forest sustainably introducing a community based approach which was named the WAJIB approach (local language abbreviation - Achieve a sustainable forest management through named the WAJIB approach (local language abbreviation f f t d ll i ti ) community empowerment for forest dwellers association) community empowerment - Improvement of livelihoods in long-term - Inducement: heavy degradation of the remaining natural - Improvement of livelihoods in long-term forests in this area due to uncontrolled anthropogenic use Strategies forests in this area due to uncontrolled anthropogenic use Strategies 1. Core: regulating access to the forest, exclusive user-rights for WAJIB members in the forest blocks user rights for WAJIB members in the forest blocks (One block has an area of appr 360ha max 30 families (One block has an area of appr. 360ha, max. 30 families in one block) in one block) d h f h h f R lt f 2. Reducing pressure on the forest through measures for Results so far outsiders, alternative income (e.g. eco-tourism) as well as - Increase of forest cover inside and plantings Increase of forest cover inside and outside the blocks plantings 3 Make forests profitable through non wood based forest outside the blocks I f l ti 3. Make forests profitable through non-wood based forest d t it d ti di l t ti f t iti - Increase of plantings products, introduction and implementation of opportunities - But: social conflicts and increasing prises (inflation) Institute of Plant Nutrition University Institute of Plant Nutrition University Institute of Plant Nutrition, University Institute of Plant Nutrition, University f BONN f BONN of BONN of BONN