partial- differences method A way to subtract in which differences are computed separately for each place (ones, tens, hundreds, and so on). The partial differences are then added to give the final answer. 932 - 3 5 6 1. Subtract 100’s: 900- 300 600 2. Subtract 10’s: 30-50 -20 3. Subtract 1’s: 2-4 -4 4. Add the partial differences 576 (600-20-4, done mentally)
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Partial-differences method A way to subtract in which differences are computed separately for each place (ones, tens, hundreds, and so on). The partial.
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partial-differences
method
A way to subtract in which differences are computed
separately for each place (ones, tens, hundreds, and so on). The
partial differences are then added to give the final answer.
An addition procedure in with sums are computed for each lace separately and then added to find
the sum.
2 6 8+ 4 8 3 6 0 0
1 4 0 1 1+
7 5 1
1. Add 100’s2. Add 10’s3. Add 1’sAdd partial sum
pattern
A model or plan in which objects or numbers can be
arranged so that what comes next can be
predicted.
?
2, 4, 6, ?
100, 90, 80, ?
?
5,10,15,20,?
Pattern-Block
Template
A plastic sheet with geometric shapes cut out.
pentagon
A 5-sided polygon.
per
In each or for each.
Five chairsper row
per-unit rate
A rate that tells the quantity of items with a given unit for each
item of a different unit.
Two dollars per gallon12 miles per hour4 words per minute
percent (%)
Per hundred, or out of a
hundred.
1 100
or 0.01
1 one-hundredth
100%=
15%= 15 100
or 0.15
perfect number
A number in which the sum of all its proper factors is
equal to the number itself.
6 is a perfect number because when you add its proper factors the answer is equal to 6: 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
perimeter
The distance around a two-
dimensional closed plane figure or
region.
2cm
3cm
1cm
3cm
2+3+1+3=9cm1+1+1+1=4
perpendicular line
segments
Two rays, lines segments that form
right angles are said to be
perpendicular to each other.
pi
The ration of the circumference of a
circle to its diameter.
= C / D
pictograph
A graph made with pictures or symbols.
pie graph
A graph that uses a circle divided into parts to show the parts of a set of data. The circle represents the whole
set of data.
pint
Standard measurement used
to measure capacity equal to 2
cups.
=
place value
The worth of each digit in a number,
with is determined by its
position.
745,309,281
plane
A flat surface that extends
forever.
point
An exact location in
space.
Points are usually labeled with capital letters.
K L
R
W
point symmetry
The property of a figure that can be rotated 180 about a point in such a way that the resulting figure exactly matches
the original figured.
o
polygon
A closed plane figure formed by
three or more line segments that meet
only at their end points.
polyhedron
A closed 3-dimensional shape,
all of whose surfaces (faces)
are flat.
polyhedra dice
A three-dimensional solid
with varying numbers of faces.
poster
A page showing a collection of numerical data used in number stories.
positive rational numbers
Numbers great than 0 that can be written as
a fraction or a termination or
repeating decimal.
pound (lb)
Standard unit of weight.
one pound
power
A product of factors that are all
the same.
5 x 5 x 5 (or 125) is called 5 to the third power, or the third power of 5, because 5 is a factor three times. 5 x 5 x 5 can also be written as 5. 3
powers of ten
Written exponential notation, the
exponent shows how many times 10 is a
factor.
100 is equal to 10 x 10 or 10
(exponential notation). 100 is called ten squared, the second power of 10,
or 10 to the second power.
2
probability
A number from 0 to 1 that shows the
likelihood that an event will happen.
The teacher puts 7 blue squares and 2 red squares in the box.
If you pull a square out of the box. What will probably be the color?Can you pull out a purple square?
probability
A number from 0 to 1 that indicated the
likelihood that something (an event)
will happen.
product
The result of doing
multiplication.
X 31 5
5 multiplicand
multiplier
product
prime factorization
A number expressed as a
product of prime factors.
The prime factorization
of 24 is 2 * 2 * 2 * 3
or 2 * 3
3
prime number
A whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two
whole-number factors, 1 and itself. A prime number is only divisible by 1 and
itself.
prism
A polyhedron with two parallel flat
faces (bases) with the same size and
shape.
product
The result of doing
multiplication.
proper factor
All the factors of a number except the
number itself.
The factors for the number 10 are 1, 2, 5 and 10. The proper factors are 1, 2, and 5.
property
A feature of an object.
size
color
shape
number of parts
attributes
protractor
A device for measuring or
drawing angles.
pyramid
A polyhedron (3-dimensional shape)
in which one face (base) is a polygon and
the other faces are triangles with a
common vertex (apex).
Pythagorean Theorem
The following famous theorem: If the legs of a right triangle have the lengths a and b, and the hypotenuse
has length c, then a + b =c
2 2 2
quadrangle
A 4-sided polygon.
quadrilateral
A 4-sided polygon.
quadruple
Four times an amount.
quadrillion
A digit(s) followed by 15 whole-number
places.
Quadrillion written in number form is
1,000,000,000,000,000 or in exponential form
1015
quintillion
A digit(s) followed by 18 whole number
places.
Quintillion written in number form is
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 or in exponential form
1018
quotient
The result after dividing one
number by another number; the
number of equal shares.
radius
A line segment from the center of a circle
(or shape) to any point on the circle (or
shape); also, the length of such a line
segment.
random sampling
Taking a sampling from the population in a
manner that allows all members the same
chance of being included.
range
The difference between the greatest and least numbers in
a set of data.
range450-75375
10143
rate
A comparison of two quantities with
unlike units.
A speed such as 55 miles per hour
compares distance with time.
ratio
A comparison of two quantities with like units. Ratios can be expressed with fractions, decimals,
percent, or words; or written with a colon
between the two numbers being compared.
ray
A straight path that extends
infinitely from a point called its
endpoint.
real number
Any rational or irrational number.
reciprocal
Multiplicative inverses.
rational number
Any number that can be represented in
form , where a and b are integers and b
is not 0.
ab
rectangle
A parallelogram whose angles are all right
angles.
rectangular
method
A method for finding area, in which rectangles are
used to surround a figure or parts of a figure. All the area is calculated in either
area of rectangles or of triangular halves of rectangular regions.
rectangular prism
A prism whose bases
are rectangles.
rectangular
pyramid
A pyramid whose base is a rectangle.
reference frame
A system of numbers, letter, or words to
show quantities with reference to a zero
point.
number linestime lines calendarsthermometers mapscoordinate systems
reflection
"Flipping" a picture or object so that its
image is the mirror opposite of the
original (preimage).
reflex angle
angle whose measure is
between 180° and 360°.
reflection symbol
A symbol used to express the
association between two quantities.
= for equal to= for is not equal to< for less than> for greater than< for is less than or equal to> for greater than or equal to
regular polygon
A convex polygon in which all the sides are the same length and all
the angles have the same measure.
regular polygon
A polygon whose sides are all the
same.
regular polyhedr
on
A polyhedron with all faces the same shape and same size. There
are five regular polyhedrons.
regular polyhedro
n
A polyhedron whose faces are all congruent regular polygons and
with the same number of faces meeting at
every vertex.
relation symbol
A symbol used to express a
relationship between two quantities.
><=
remainder
The amount left over when things are divided into equal shares.
remainder
repeating decimal
Decimals that continue a
pattern without end.
.333… 1 3
= .30
rhombus
A parallelogram with sides that are all the same
length.
right angle
A square corner; a 90 angle.
o
90
o
right triangle
A triangle that has a
right angle.
rotation
A turn around a center point or
axis.
rote counting
Reciting numbers in order from memory.
rotation symmetry
Property of a figure that can be rotated around a point in such a way that the resulting figure exactly matches the original figure. The rotation must be
more than 0 degrees, but less than 360 degrees.
round
To express a number in a
simplified way.
about 20 units
about 2 lb
about 10C
rounding
Replacing a number with a nearby number that is easier to work with or
better reflects the precision of the date.
about 20 units
about 2 lb
about 10C
round
Circle shape.
row
A horizontal arrangement of
objects or numbers in an array or
table.
rule table
A table for displaying the
input output and the role for a
function.
in out 2 5 4 7 ? 9 12 ?100 103
sample
A subset of a population used to
represent the whole population.
scale
The ratio of the distance on a map, globe, or drawing
to the actual distance.
scale drawing
An accurate picture of an
object in which all parts are drawn to
the same scale.
scale factor
A number that names "how many times as
many?" or "what fraction of?" one
quantity is of another quantity.
scalene triangle
A triangle in which no sides are the same
length.
scientific notation
A system for representing numbers in which a number is written as the product of
a power of 10 and a number that is at least 1
but less than 10. Scientific notation allows writing big
and small numbers with only a few symbols.
4,000,000 in scientific notation
is 4 x 100.00001 in scientific notation
is 1 x 10
6
-6
scroll
A roll of paper with words and/or pictures
written on it.
set
A collection or group of objects, numbers or other
items.
( 23, 44, 56, 88 )
sector
A region bound by an arc and two radii of a circle.
semicircle
Half of a circle; either of two parts of a circle
between (and including) the endpoints of a
diameter.
Sieve of Eratosthene
s
A method credited to the mathematician
Eratosthenes (about 200 B.C.) for identifying
prime numbers.
significant figure
In a count or measurement, digits
that reflect the precision of the
result.
similar figures
Figures that have the same shape but are not necessarily the
same size.
simplest form
A fraction in which the numerator and the
dominator have no common factor except 1 and the
numerator is less than the denominator.
simplify an
expression
To rewrite the expression by
removing parentheses and combining like
terms.
7y + 4 +5 + 3y10y + 9
3(2y + 5) – y5y + 15
skip counting
Counting by a specified added amount from a
specified starting number.
side
Any line segment that makes up a
polygon.
slate
Lap board used to
write on.
2+2 4
speed
A rate that compares distance traveled with the
time taken to travel that distance.
sphere
A 3-dimensional shape whose
curved surface is a given distance from
its center point.
sphere
The set of all points in space that are a given distance (the radius of