Part IV-R1 (fire)

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Particular Specifications Mechanical and Electrical Works

Part B - Technical Specifications for Fire Hydrant System

1 General

1.1 The Fire Hydrant System shall comprise of both pillar and underground hydrant, pipe works complete with sluice valves, fittings, supports, gauges, valves, chambers, chamber covers, collapsible identifiers and accessories.

1.2 All equipment and material shall be acceptable to the Fire Safety And Shelter Department (FSSD), Airport Emergency Section (AES) and/or to PUB and shall meet the requirements stipulated in the Schedule of Equipment.

1.3 The fire hydrant system shall be executed by a Licensed Plumber and by a BCA registered company under the Fire Protection trade.

1.4 All manhole/ chamber covers are to be F900 class to withstand aircraft loading.

1.5 The Contractor shall engage the service of Licensed Water Service Worker and QP and liase with RSAF/ DSTA/ AES for the design, installation, supervision, relocation, testing & commissioning and handing over of the completed system, including all statutory submission e.g. FSSD, DSTA, CAG pertaining to design, consultation, submission, testing & commissioning, inspection, approval and issuance of fire safety certificate of the relocated fire hydrant system.

1.6 The Contractor is deemed to have made all necessary allowances in the Contract Sum for compliance with the requirements of this clause. No claims whatsoever for any additional cost or time in respect thereof or on grounds of lack of knowledge of any of the aforesaid shall be entertained.

1.7 The pipes and fittings shall be internally lined such that they are suitable to convey NeWater as a source of water supply for the hydrant system. ( Refer to PUB’s TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR SPECIAL INTERNAL LINING OF PIPES AND PIPE FITTINGS)

2 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 2.1 Fire Hydrants

Fire Hydrants shall comply with the requirements of Latest SS 575.

2.2 Piping and Fittings

Only pipes and fittings under the Product Listing Scheme, TUV SUD PSB approved labelled shall be used for the fire hydrant installations. On delivery of each batch of pipes and fittings to the site, Contractor shall hand over to the

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Superintending Officer (SO) a copy of the documents showing its origin, proof of manufacture and approval from the Product Listing Scheme for its use.

a) Markings

All pipes and fittings shall be legibly marked with the following:-

i) Manufacturer's name and trademark ii) Reference number of the conformed standard iii) Quality class reference iv) Nominal size and the mark of PUB

b) Pipe Sizes and Materials

Pipe sizes mentioned throughout the specifications are nominal sizes and those pipe sizes shown on the drawings or indicated in the contract documents are the minimum acceptable sizes. Sizes for ductile iron pipes with approved lining indicate Nominal Bore Diameter (NB). All pipe materials for the fire hydrant installation shall be ductile iron pipes conforming to BS EN598. They shall be of Class K9 with PUB approved internal cement lining. The pipes and fittings shall be internally lined such that they are suitable to convey NeWater as a source of water supply for the hydrant system. (Refer to Appendix PUB’s TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR SPECIAL INTERNAL LINING OF PIPES AND PIPE FITTINGS) Joints for the pipes shall be spigot and socket or flanged type.

i) Pipe Fittings

• Ductile iron fittings shall conform to BS EN598. Tee, Wye and Cross Fittings shall be Class K14. All other fittings shall be Class K12.All fittings must be from the same pipe manufacturer.

• Flanges for pipe fittings shall be type NP16. Flexible joints shall be the Bolted Gland Type or approved equivalent. For coupling, Double Socket Collars of the Bolted Gland Type shall be used. Lead Joint Socket Ends are unacceptable. All fittings, except collars, shall be cement lined.

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ii) Bolts and Nuts

Bolts and Nuts for use in jointing shall be high strength stainless steel SS 316.

iii) Rubber Rings

Contractor shall state the type and quality of rubber rings used in the flexible joints of pipes and fittings. They shall be Class C rubber rings of BS 2494: Rubber Rings for Gas Mains, Water Mains and Sewers. All associated rubber rings for spigot and socket fittings must be from same pipe manufacturer.

iv) Protective Coatings and Linings

Coatings shall be executed in accordance with BS 4164, for use in a tropical country. All materials shall be new, without rust. The interior of pipes and fittings shall be cement-lined in accordance with current regulations and requirements and by-laws of the Water Department, Public Utilities Board.

v) Valves

• All valves shall be under the Product Listing Scheme, TUV SUD PSB approved manufacture and shall be installed in positions where they are easily accessible for maintenance and operating purposes.

• All valves shall be constructed in accordance with the appropriate standards.

• For working pressures up to and including 1000 kPa, all valves larger than 50mm nominal bore shall be flanged. Valves operating at this pressure but below 50mm nominal bore shall be screwed. All valves shall be flanged where the working pressure is above 1000kPa.

• All valves must have opening direction indicator plate.

vi) Construction

• All valves shall have bronze valve faces and seats and manganese bronze spindle with instil screws.

• Valves installed in ferrous piping up to and including 75mm nominal bore shall be of bronze bodies.

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• Valves installed in ferrous piping above 75mm nominal bore shall have cast iron bodies.

vii) Stop Valve

Stop valve shall be provided on pipes smaller than 75mm diameter and shall conform to SS 75: Part 2.

viii) Sluice Valve

• Sluice valves shall be provided on pipes 75mm diameter and over and shall conform to BS 5163: Double Flanged Cast Iron Wedge Gate Valves for Waterworks purposes.

• Sluice valves shall be rated at 16 bars.

• They shall be provided with valve caps secured by socket-headed set-screws. The direction of closing shall be clock-wise.

• All valves shall be capable of being opened or closed by one man with a maximum required torque of 40 Newton metre.

ix) Air Relief Valves

• Single Small Orifice Air Relief Valves of 25mm diameter, shall be tested to 250m head of water and shall be of a type approved by the Water Department of the Public Utilities Board. They shall be supplied complete with isolation valves. All air relief valves must be install within a valve pit/chamber. The specification for the valve pit/chamber shall comply with F900 class to withstand aircraft loading.

• Both Single Large Orifice and Double Orifice Air Relief Valves shall be of the aerodynamic type designed to overcome the problems of premature closing due to a high discharge velocity. They shall be tested to 250m head of water and be supplied complete with isolating sluice valves of pressure rating PN16 having mitre gearing and end flanges of type NP16. They shall be of a type approved by the Water Department of the Public Utilities Board.

x) Surface Boxes and Covers

• All surface boxes and covers shall comply with the requirements of EN124.

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Type of Area Minimum Loading Class

Remarks

Subjected to Air Craft Loading

F900 Covers shall be provided with both lifting key recesses (open type) and prising bar recesses

• The Contractor shall allow for at least one (1) sample of the product be taken from site by the Superintending Officer and sent to the approved testing laboratory/institute for compliance test.

• Fire Hydrant Mains

Surface boxes for sluice valves (above 150mm dia) of the hydrant water mains shall be cast iron, with 300mm x 300mm clear opening, 100mm deep, with cover chained to box, and the letters 'SVP' and year of manufacture legible casted on the top of the cover. For sluice valves of size 150mm and below, the surface boxes shall be cast iron, with 300mm x 150mm clear opening, 100mm deep, with cover chained to box, and with the letter legibly casted on the top of the cover.

• Air Valve Boxes and Covers

− Surface boxes for single small orifice air relief valves shall be cast iron, with 320mm x 320mm clear opening; 100mm deep, perforated to facilitate air release and provide ventilation. The letters 'AV' shall be legible casted on the top of the chained cover.

− Surface boxes for large or double orifice air relief valves shall be the same as for single air relief valves, except that the clear opening shall be at least 600mm x 450mm.

• Surface Boxes and Covers for Washouts

− The surface boxes for washouts shall be cast iron, with 750mm x 650mm clear opening, 100mm deep, and with the letters 'WO' and the year of manufacture legibly casted on the top of the cover.

xi) Valve Keys, Lifting Keys and Prising Bars

• The Contractor shall provide 10 nos. T-bar valve key operators for each type of valve. The key operators shall be designed

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with ample strength to open and close valves against the full head of the pipelines (10 bars) without distortion or overstressing. They shall be of length 1.80 metres.

• The Contractor shall also provide 10 nos. lifting keys and 10 nos. prising bars of ample strength for each type of surface boxes and covers provided.

• The Contractor shall provide extra 5% of each type of covers each for the various surface boxes provided.

3 Pipeworks 3.1 General

a) The Contractor shall exercise all care and ensure that pipes, fittings, valves or specials, are not damaged during loading, unloading or transporting, or while stored at site. The Contractor shall make good all damages caused, at his expense. He shall allow for the cost of loading, transporting and unloading of these items in his Contract Sum.

b) Where there is no space alongside the proposed pipe trench for

placing the pipes prior to laying, the pipes shall be unloaded at a temporary storage ground approved by the SO. The pipes shall be transported subsequently for laying from the temporary storage ground to the site of laying.

c) The pipes at the storage ground shall be stacked not higher than 2m

such that they do not rest on their sockets. All stacks shall be set up level on a hardwood or similar base. Each size of pipe shall be separately stacked.

d) The Contractor shall allow for the cost of stacking and shifting the pipes

in his Contract Sum for pipe laying.

3.2 Handling of Pipes, Fittings, etc

a) Contractor shall handle all pipes with care and prevent breakage or damage to the internal lining, external coating or wrapping and shall ensure that the inside of the pipes, particularly at the ends are clean before they are lowered into the trench. Where the lining, coating or wrapping has been damaged by handling, the Contractor shall make good the lining, coating or wrapping as directed by the S.O. The

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material used in the repair of damaged coatings must be compatible with the coating material.

b) All handling and hauling equipment shall be approved by the SO. Bare

cables, chains, hooks, wire ropes, metal bars, and narrow skids, which may damage the pipe coating or wrapping, shall not be used.

c) Scrupulous care shall be taken by the Contractor to ensure that all

pipes and fittings are cleaned internally when laid, and that no foreign material is permitted to enter them after laying. A temporary pipe stop shall be placed to cover each open end of pipe whenever work is stopped.

d) Each pipe shall be carefully lowered onto its prepared bed with slings

and tackle. If the prepared bed is damaged or stones are dislodged into the trench, the pipe shall be raised, the bed made good and stones removed before the pipe is laid. Any fractured pipes shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense.

3.3 Cover to pipes

All pipes shall be laid to the depth shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O. The pipes shall be laid with a minimum earth cover of 1000mm outside paved areas and a minimum cover of 1000mm under paved areas.

3.4 Pipes laid to gradient and line set out

a) When in the trench, the pipes shall be laid to proper gradient and true to line, as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the SO. The Contractor shall set up the necessary pegs sight rails, for pipe laying and checking purposes.

b) The pipes shall be laid in straight lines or regular curves to avoid any

unnecessary resistance to flow. All pipes must be laid on compacted bedding. Inspection shall be carried out to ensure the compacted bedding has compacted to 98%.

c) The position of the pipes when laid shall not deviate from that shown

on the Drawings by 1.5 metres.

d) The pipe work shall be laid not less than 1 metre below finished ground level. The pipes shall be joined by flanges conforming to BS 4504 complete with rubber jointing washer unless otherwise specified in the drawing.

e) After joining the pipes, and on completion of testing, the granular

bedding material shall be brought up equally on both sides of the pipes to the level of the centre of the pipeline and then the bedding or backfill material shall be brought up to a level of 300mm, above the top of the

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pipe barrel in layers, each not more than 100mm thickness, and carefully compacted by hand for the full width of the trench.

f) Concrete thrust blocks shall be installed at all pipe offsets, under valves

and where required. 3.5 Jointing of Pipes

Procedure for jointing will vary according to the type of joint being used. Basic requirements for all types are: - a) Cleanliness of all parts;

b) Correct location of components;

c) Centralisation of spigot within socket; and

d) Strict Compliance with Manufacturer's jointing instructions.

e) Flanged Joints

i) Where flanged joints are to be made, the Contractor shall clean all

flanged surfaces, cut insert rubber sheeting and make the joint as specified or directed by the SO.

ii) In flanged joints, the rubber jointing rings shall be properly fixed

and the bolts uniformly tightened.

iii) The flanged joints shall be painted with two (2) sets of bitumastic paint. The Contractor shall supply all necessary identifying items, paint, bands, stencils, etc.

f) Mechanical and Bolted Gland Joints

When making Bolted Gland Joints, the spigot shall penetrate into the sockets for the required depth, the jointing rings shall be properly fixed and the joints tightened, all in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, to make thoroughly sound and watertight joints.

g) Slip-on Joints

Slip-on joints shall be made strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, to achieve thoroughly sound and watertight joints.

3.6 Air Valves, Hydrants, etc.

a) The Contractor shall install air valves, washout valves, sluice valves, fire hydrants, bends, etc, as shown in the Drawings, or as directed by

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the SO. The contractor shall do all necessary excavation; make joints, have the joints coated with bitumastic paint (2 coats) as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the SO. A tapping saddle shall be used for the installation of small orifice air relief valves.

b) After installation, the external surface of all sluice valves, air-valves,

hydrant pipes and underground fire hydrants shall be cleaned, wire-brushed, primed with approved primer, and painted with two coats of approved bitumastic paint. All pipework, valves and fittings shall be painted and provided with identification markings and labels. Fire hydrants shall be set plumb. The colour of the paint and labelling shall be subjected to the discretion of the SO

c) The Contractor shall supply all necessary identifying items, paint, bands, stencils, etc.

3.7 Cutting of Pipes

Cutting of pipes shall be done by means of a patent cutter of a type approved by the SO. The cut shall be true, straight and square to the axis of the pipe. Any burrs left after cutting shall be trimmed off by filling or grinding.

3.8 Preparation of Spigots on Site

All spigots for jointing into sockets must be chamfered. Where spigots require preparation on site, the outside of the spigot shall be filed to produce an angle of approximately 30 degrees to facilitate the entry of the spigot past the gasket.

3.9 Thrust Blocks and Anchors

a) Pipe lines shall be securely anchored at dead ends, tees, bends, tapers and valves to resist thrust arising from internal pressure. Thrust blocks shall be to the dimensions specified or as indicated by the SO. Brackets for securing of pipes and fittings to thrust blocks shall be set in concrete and fixed by the Contractor as directed.

b) All concrete shall be of C30 / 37 concrete mix unless otherwise directed

by the SO.

c) All design and calculation of thrust blocks and anchors shall be submitted and endorsed by the Contractor’s Professional Engineer.

d) Steeply inclined pipelines shall be secured by in accordance with the

following tabulation:

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Table 1

Gradient Spacing (m)

1 in 2 and steeper 5.5

Below 1 in 2 to 1 in 4 11.0



Flatter than 1 in 6 Not required

Thrust blocks shall be cast in place so that they will bear against an area of undisturbed soil in the trench wall with the pipe joint accessible for inspection and repair. Minimum area of Bearing Face of Concrete Thrust Blocks Against Horizontal Thrusts is given in Table 2. Where thrust blocks occur at location of soft and unstable soil, the soft soil shall be replaced with more stable materials.

Table 2

Ductile Iron (Area in Sq Metre)

Nominal Size

1/4 Bend 1/8 Bend Tees, Plugs, Caps, Hydrants

100 0.30 0.20 0.30

150 0.65 0.40 0.50

200 1.100 0.60 0.75

250 1.60 0.85 1.12

300 2.30 1.21 1.60

350 2.90 1.68 2.14

400 3.91 2.15 2.80

450 4.93 2.70 3.44

500 6.04 3.25 4.28

550 8.55 4.65 6.14

Notes: Basis for Table 2:

i) Soil Resistance = 9800 kgf/m2 (2,000 lb/ft2) ii) Water Pressure = 17 bars (250 psi) iii) Weight of Cover and Pipe not taken into account iv) Correction factors for other soils: -

Soft clay .............……………. 4

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Sand ...................……………. 2 Sand and Gravel ........……… 1.33 Shale ..................……………. 0.4

3.10 Encased Pipes

a) Where it is deemed necessary for the pipes to be laid, strapped and encased with concrete, especially under areas subject to aircraft vehicular traffic, or areas most likely to be subjected to settlement caused by excavation works for proposed developments in and around the vicinity, the Contractor is advised to clarify with the SO. the actual extent, material, size and method of construction of the encased pipes. All concrete for encased pipe shall be of C20/ 25 mix.

b) The Contractor shall ensure that the trench bed is well compacted and

inspected by the SO. before commencing to concrete all pipe encasement work.

3.11 Identification of Mains

Where the potable water mains, fire hydrant mains, and industrial water mains run, they shall be identified by means of PVC tape, at least 150mm wide, laid directly over them at a height not greater than 300mm from the crown of the mains. The colours of the tapes used for the various mains shall be light blue, signal red and black, respectively.

3.12 Chambers for Valves, etc.

The Contractor shall ensure that the bedding is mechanically well compacted before seating the chamber firmly on it. Selected fill shall be well rammed around the valve up to the top flange.

4 Fire Hydrant Post

4.1 The Contractor shall supply and install PVC spring loaded frangible posts or frangible posts (890mm high and 60mm diameter) on to the concrete pits of the underground fire hydrants and the works included the drilling, tightening of stainless steel anchoring bolts and etc.

4.2 The posts must be wrap up with 3M red reflective diamond sticker and comply

with ICAO Document 9157 Part 6, 3.3 (Frangibility requirement) that means. a) The posts and its supports should be frangible in order to ensure that

they will break, distort or yield in the event that they are accidentally impacted by an aircraft. The design materials selected should preclude any tendency for the components, including the electrical conductors, etc, to ‘wrap around’ the colliding aircraft or any part of it.

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b) The posts should be designed to withstand the static and operation wind or jet blast loads with suitable factor of safety but should break, distort or yield readily when subjected to the sudden collision forces of 3000 kg aircraft airborne and travelling at 140 km/h (75 kt) or moving on the ground at 50 km/h (27 kt).

c) The frangibility of the design should be proven either by means of full-

scale tests, computer evaluation or by calculation based on comparison with similar already approved structures possibly supported by additional component tests.

5 Testing And Commissioning 5.1 General

a) The whole works shall be carried out to the entire satisfaction of the Superintending Officer The Contractor shall submit detailed checklist and test procedures to the Superintending Officer for approval. Tests shall be executed by the Contractor and witnessed by the Superintending Officer and test results shall be recorded in writing and certified by the Contractor before submission for approval by the SO

b) The Superintending Officer shall be at liberty to order such tests to be

carried out to verify the reliability and performance of the system and check compliance with specifications herein provided. The Contractor shall provide all equipment and things necessary and bear all costs for executing the necessary tests except where specified herein.

c) All defects and deficiencies in performance, reliability, safety,

efficiency, appearance of finish shall be rectified and retested by the Contractor to the entire satisfaction of the SO. before acceptance.

d) Upon the completion of all the work, the Contractor shall then

commission the system installed in the presence of the SO. The system shall be in complete and perfect operational condition by then.

e) All tests shall be carried out in the presence and to the satisfaction of

the SO. f) After testing, test records shall be submitted to the SO. in a format

approved by the SO. g) The entire fire hydrant installation shall be tested for its proper

installation and reliable intended function during commissioning to the satisfaction of the SO.

5.2 Hydrostatic and Leakage Testing

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a) Testing and commissioning shall not begin until the system has been completed and is in full working order. The Contractor shall put all systems and equipment into full operation after verifying that all drain connections and vents are clear. The pipe work shall be flushed clean prior to testing. All pipe work and valves shall be pressure tested and leakage tested to the satisfaction of the SO.

b) The testing and commissioning of the system shall include all items of

equipment as specified individually. Equipment susceptible to damage under the test pressure shall be isolated and tested commissioned separately.

c) The tests shall be carried out progressively on completion of every 200

metres or less of pipelines. All joints shall be left exposed for inspection during testing. Pipes with cement lining shall be allowed to stand full of water for at least 24 hours before proceeding with the test.

d) The test shall include flushing out the outlets and checking of outlet

connections. The flow and pressure at the outlets shall be measured and recorded.

e) The joints shall be left uncovered until the tests have been completed

satisfactorily. Sufficient material shall be backfilled over the centre of each pipe to prevent movement under the test pressure. Concrete surrounds to pipes shall be executed only after the joints have passed the tests.

f) Each installation shall be adjusted as necessary to established balanced

flow rates as required for the efficient performance of the system. The Contractor shall supply all necessary equipment, materials and labour, etc, for carrying out the above tests. He must satisfy the SO. as to the accuracy of the meters and gauges supplied.

g) The section under test shall be slowly filled with water, taking care that all

air is displaced. After filling, the pipeline shall be left under operating pressure for a period in order to achieve conditions as stable as possible for testing.

h) The test pressure shall be the max. working pressure of 135m plus 50% whichever is the greater and the test pressure shall be maintained by the pump for about two(2) hour and if there is any leakage it shall be measured by the quantity of water pumped into the main in that time. Any leakages are found; the Contractor shall immediately remove and replace the defective pipes and the section of pipe to be re-tested as above until no leakage is found.

i) If leakage occurs, the Contractor shall trace the leaks to their source, and

remedy them to the satisfaction of the SO. The main shall then be

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retested, and the process of testing, repairing the leaks and re-testing shall be continued until no leakage.

j) Any leakage shall be measured by the quantity of water pumps into the

main in that time. The leakage shall not exceed 0.2 litres per millimetre of pipe diameter per kilometre of pipeline at each 100 metre test pressure head for every 24- hours testing duration. Any visible individual leakage shall be repaired.

k) All costs incurred in carrying out all these tests and re-tests shall be

borne by the Contractor and tests are to be carried out in the presence of the SO.

l) Upon completion of T&C, the Contractor shall perform a final round of

flushing of the whole pipe circuit prior to the handover to SO. 6 Spare Parts

The Contractor shall also include in the Contract, 5% spare valve covers of the total numbers of each type of valves cover used. The valves shall be held by the SO. All valves and manhole covers shall be of F900 type.

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PPaarrttiiccuullaarr SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonnss MMeecchhaanniiccaall aanndd EElleeccttrriiccaall WWoorrkkss

Part C - Technical Specifications for Cold Water Supply 1 General 1.1 The water supply system shall include construction of the proposed potable

water system, inclusive of construction of meter chamber, laying of water mains, water manholes, valves and underground supports for providing potable water supply to the facilities as indicated in the drawings.

1.2 The Contractor shall liaise with and make all necessary applications and

submissions to all appropriate authorities (CAAS, PUB, SCDF, DSTA, RSAF, CAG etc) where required.

1.3 The Contractor shall be solely responsible for obtaining the Authorities approval of his works prior to the handing over of the whole water reticulation system to the Superintending Officer.

1.4 The Licensed Plumber shall apply for and make all necessary arrangements/ inspections with the RSAF/ DSTA and PUB for the connection and installation of CAG’s bulk meter.

2 Pipeworks

2.1 In general, all water pipes used in the project shall be as follows, unless otherwise as shown in drawings.

a) Underground Pipe

i) 80mm diameter and above shall be heavy duty ductile iron pipe

with cement lined to BS EN 545.

b) Aboveground Pipe

i) 80mm diameter and above shall be heavy duty ductile iron pipe with cement lined to BS EN 545

The Contractor shall exercise all care and ensure that pipes, fittings, valves or specials, are not damaged during loading, unloading or transporting, or while stored at site. The Contractor shall make good all damages caused, at his expense. He shall allow for the cost of loading, transporting and unloading of these items in his Contract Sum.

Where there is no space alongside the proposed pipe trench for placing the pipes prior to laying, the pipes shall be unloaded at a temporary storage ground approved by the SO. The pipes shall be transported subsequently for laying from the temporary storage ground to the site of laying.

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The pipes at the storage ground shall be stacked not higher than 2m such that they do not rest on their sockets. All stacks shall be set up level on a hardwood or similar base. Each size of pipe shall be separately stacked.

The Contractor shall allow for the cost of stacking and shifting the pipes in his Contract Sum for pipe laying.

2.2 Handling of Pipes, Fittings, etc

a) The Contractor shall handle all pipes with care and prevent breakage or damage to the internal lining, external coating or wrapping and shall ensure that the inside of the pipes, particularly at the ends are clean before they are lowered into the trench. Where the lining, coating or wrapping has been damaged by handling, the Contractor shall make good the lining, coating or wrapping as directed by the SO. The material used in the repair of damaged coatings must be compatible with the coating material.

b) All handling and hauling equipment shall be approved by the SO. Bare

cables, chains, hooks, wire ropes, metal bars, and narrow skids, which may damage the pipe coating or wrapping, shall not be used.

c) Scrupulous care shall be taken by the Contractor to ensure that all

pipes and fittings are cleaned internally when laid, and that no foreign material is permitted to enter them after laying. A temporary pipe stop shall be placed to cover each open end of pipe whenever work is stopped.

d) Each pipe shall be carefully lowered onto its prepared bed with slings

and tackle. If the prepared bed is damaged or stones are dislodged into the trench, the pipe shall be raised, the bed made good and stones removed before the pipe is laid. Any fractured pipes shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense.

2.3 Cover to pipes

All pipes shall be laid to the depth shown on the Drawings or as directed by the SO. The pipes shall be laid with a minimum earth cover of 1000 mm outside paved areas and a minimum cover of 1000 mm under paved areas.

2.4 Pipes laid to gradient and line set out

a) When in the trench, the pipes shall be laid to proper gradient and true to line, as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the SO. The Contractor shall set up the necessary pegs and sight rails, for pipe laying and checking purposes.

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b) The pipes shall be laid in straight lines or regular curves to avoid any

unnecessary resistance to flow. All pipes must be laid on compacted bedding. Inspection shall be carried out to ensure the compacted bedding has compacted to 98%.

c) The position of the pipes when laid shall not deviate from that shown

on the Drawings by 1.5 metres.

d) The pipe work shall be laid not less than 1 metre below finished ground level. The pipes shall be joined by flanges conforming to BS 4504 complete with rubber jointing washer unless otherwise specified in the drawing.

e) After joining the pipes, and on completion of testing, the granular

bedding material shall be brought up equally on both sides of the pipes to the level of the centre of the pipeline and then the bedding or backfill material shall be brought up to a level of 300mm, above the top of the pipe barrel in layers, each not more than 100mm thickness, and carefully compacted by hand for the full width of the trench.

f) Concrete thrust blocks shall be installed at all pipe offsets, under valves

and where required. 2.5 Jointing of Pipes

Procedure for jointing will vary according to the type of joint being used. Basic requirements for all types are: - a) Cleanliness of all parts;

b) Correct location of components;

c) Centralisation of spigot within socket; and

d) Strict Compliance with Manufacturer's jointing instructions.

e) Flanged Joints

i) Where flanged joints are to be made, the Contractor shall clean

all flanged surfaces, cut insert rubber sheeting and make the joint as specified or directed by the SO.

ii) In flanged joints, the rubber jointing rings shall be properly fixed

and the bolts uniformly tightened.

iii) The flanged joints shall be painted with two (2) sets of bitumastic paint.

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The Contractor shall supply all necessary identifying items, paint, bands, stencils, etc.

f) Mechanical and Bolted Gland Joints

When making Bolted Gland Joints, the spigot shall penetrate into the sockets for the required depth, the jointing rings shall be properly fixed and the joints tightened, all in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, to make thoroughly sound and watertight joints.

g) Slip-on Joints

Slip-on joints shall be made strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, to achieve thoroughly sound and watertight joints.

2.6 Valves and Pipes Installation

a) The Contractor shall install air valves, washout valves, sluice valves, bends, etc, as shown in the Drawings, or as directed by the SO. The contractor shall do all necessary excavation; make joints, have the joints coated with bitumastic paint (2 coats) as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the SO. A tapping saddle shall be used for the installation of small orifice air relief valves.

a) After installation, the external surface of all sluice valves, air-valves and

water pipes shall be cleaned, wire-brushed, primed with approved primer, and painted with two coats of approved bitumastic paint. All pipework, valves and fittings shall be painted and provided with identification markings and labels. The colour of the paint and labelling shall be subjected to the discretion of the SO

b) The Contractor shall supply all necessary identifying items, paint, bands, stencils, etc.

2.7 Cutting of Pipes

Cutting of pipes shall be done by means of a patent cutter of a type approved by the SO. The cut shall be true, straight and square to the axis of the pipe. Any burrs left after cutting shall be trimmed off by filling or grinding.

2.8 Preparation of Spigots on Site

All spigots for jointing into sockets must be chamfered. Where spigots require preparation on site, the outside of the spigot shall be filed to produce an angle of approximately 30 degrees to facilitate the entry of the spigot past the gasket.

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2.9 0Blocks and Anchors

a) Pipe lines shall be securely anchored at dead ends, tees, bends, tapers and valves to resist thrust arising from internal pressure. Thrust blocks shall be to the dimensions specified or as indicated by the SO. Brackets for securing of pipes and fittings to thrust blocks shall be set in concrete and fixed by the Contractor as directed.

b) All concrete shall be of C35 / 37 concrete mix unless otherwise directed

by the SO.

c) All design and calculation of thrust blocks and anchors shall be submitted and endorsed by the Contractor’s Professional Engineer.

d) Steeply inclined pipelines shall be secured by in accordance with the following tabulation:

Table 1

Gradient Spacing (m)

1 in 2 and steeper 5.5




Flatter than 1 in 6 Not required

Thrust blocks shall be cast in place so that they will bear against an area of undisturbed soil in the trench wall with the pipe joint accessible for inspection and repair. Minimum area of Bearing Face of Concrete Thrust Blocks Against Horizontal Thrusts is given in Table 2. Where thrust blocks occur at location of soft and unstable soil, the soft soil shall be replaced with more stable materials.

Table 2

Ductile Iron (Area in Sq Metre)

Nominal Size

1/4 Bend 1/8 Bend Tees, Plugs, Caps, Hydrants

100 0.30 0.20 0.30

150 0.65 0.40 0.50

200 1.100 0.60 0.75

250 1.60 0.85 1.12

300 2.30 1.21 1.60

TME/C6


350 2.90 1.68 2.14

400 3.91 2.15 2.80

450 4.93 2.70 3.44

500 6.04 3.25 4.28

550 8.55 4.65 6.14

Notes: Basis for Table 2:

i) Soil Resistance = 9800 kgf/m2 (2,000 lb/ft

2)

ii) Water Pressure = 17 bars (250 psi) iii) Weight of Cover and Pipe not taken into account iv) Correction factors for other soils: -

Soft clay .............……………. 4 Sand ...................……………. 2 Sand and Gravel ........……… 1.33 Shale ..................……………. 0.4

2.10 Encased Pipes

a) Where it is deemed necessary for the pipes to be laid, strapped and encased with concrete, especially under areas subject to aircraft vehicular traffic, or areas most likely to be subjected to settlement caused by excavation works for proposed developments in and around the vicinity, the Contractor is advised to clarify with the SO. the actual extent, material, size and method of construction of the encased pipes. All concrete for encased pipe shall be of C20/ 25 mix unless specified in the drawing whichever is more stringent.

b) The Contractor shall ensure that the trench bed is well compacted and

inspected by the SO. before commencing to concrete all pipe encasement work.

2.11 Identification of Mains

Where the potable water mains, fire hydrant mains, and industrial water mains run, they shall be identified by means of PVC tape, at least 150mm wide, laid directly over them at a height not greater than 300mm from the crown of the mains. The colours of the tapes used for the various mains shall be light blue, signal red and black, respectively.

2.12 Chambers for Valves, etc.

TME/C7


The Contractor shall ensure that the bedding is mechanically well compacted before seating the chamber firmly on it. Selected fill shall be well rammed around the valve up to the top flange.

3 Materials And Jointing Of Water Supply Pipes 3.1 All piping materials shall be of type/brands found in the list of approved fittings

and pipes for water service installation and approved in PUB listing.

3.2 An indication of the suitability of available pipe and jointing materials for the various effluents and ground water conditions is given as follows:-

3.3 Every joint in the water supply shall be made air-tight and water-tight and shall remain so during use.

3.4 No jointing material shall protrude inside the bore of the pipe. 3.5 If cast or ductile iron pipe is used then the joint shall be made as follows:-

a) Tyton or Approved Flexible Joints

The pipe and fittings shall be cement lined and supplied with bituminous coating externally. The spigot and socket fairings shall be clear before the rubber ring is fitted in the spigot groove. Lubricant shall be applied to the socket fairing before the spigot is inserted into the socket and then with a slight side-to-side movement push home. No mechanical means shall be applied for jointing.

The spigot shall be pushed forward into the mating socket until the rubber is compressed, making a perfect air-tight and water-tight seal, which allows both angular and telescopic movement only.

b) Flanged Joint

Shall be made with jointing rings of best quality, smooth, hard, compressed fibre board (not less than 1.5mm thick), and of such width as to fit inside the circle of bolts. The rings shall be smeared thinly with graphite paste. Alternatively, the jointing rings may be of rubber-insertion or may be corrugated rings of non-corrosive alloy together with a suitable jointing paste. The nuts shall be carefully tightened, in opposite pairs, until the jointing ring is sufficiently compressed between the flanges to ensure water-tightness of the joint under the desired water pressure.

4 Excavation And Backfilling To Underground Water Pipes

TME/C8


4.1 All excavation shall be carried out to the required lengths, breaths, depths, inclinations and curvatures as may be necessary for the construction of the works.

4.2 Pockets shall be formed for sockets, flanges, valves etc., so as to give the barrel of each pipe a full support throughout its entire length. Sufficient timber support shall be provided to prevent trenches from collapsing.

4.3 The Contractor is required to provide good de-watering system for keeping the excavation clear of water at all times.

4.4 The bottom of all trenches shall be free from mud and water, trimmed clean and thoroughly consolidated by iron shot rammers. All soft or defective portions shall be cut and filled in with selected excavated material well consolidated in layers.

a) Backfilling shall be commenced only after the pipeline has been tested

shall be approved by the SO. It shall be done in stages as follows:-

i) Fine and dry material selected from the excavated earth shall be packed and well rammed underneath and at the sides of the pipeline up to half pipe height.

ii) The filling shall then be carried up to 300mm above the socket

of the pipes with selected material and well rammed. iii) The remainder of the excavation shall be filled in with the most

suitable portions of the excavated material in layers of not more than 300mm deep. Each layer shall be well rammed before the next layer is placed.

iv) The top of trenches shall be filled with material originally taken

from the surface and set aside for subsequent reinstatement. 5 Valves 5.1 All valves shall be suitable for operating pressures up to 1 MPa. Valves

up to 64mm diameter shall have bronze bodies and trim with screwed connections. Valves 75mm diameter and above shall have cast iron or cast steel bodies, bronze trim with flanged connections. All valves shall be located in accessible positions for ease of operation. All valves shall be approved and stamped by the Water (Network) Department, Public Utilities Board. All underground valves shall be housed within a chamber as stipulated in the drawing c/w F900 manhole. The valve chamber and cover shall be designed to take aircraft loading. All valves and fitting shall be from the same manufacturer where available.

a) Stop Valves

TME/C9


Stop valves shall be gate valves with non-rising stems, renewable seats and cast iron or plastic handwheels.

b) Stop Cocks

Stop cocks shall be chromium plated with renewable rubber disc seats

to British Standards BS 5433 and BS 1010-2.

c) Check Valves Check valves shall be swing check type with replaceable seats.

d) Strainers Strainers shall be Y-type with removable stainless steel basket.

e) Sluice Valve

Sluice valve shall be of heavy water works type complying with BS 6700:2006+A1:2009 and be of the rising spindle type.

g) Air Vents

Key operated air vent cocks of an adequate size shall be provided at all high points on water supply, whether shown on the Drawings or not.

Where such high points are unaccessible, air bottles shall be provided

with the vent pipe turned over and carried down to a point 1,200mm above floor level, terminating in a vent cock.

Each vent shall incorporate a lockshield valve and the discharge pipe

shall be run to the nearest agreed drain point. h) Drain Points

Adequately size drain valves shall be provided at all low points on the piping system, whether shown on the Drawing or not, for draining of the system.

g) Valve Keys, Lifting Keys and Prising Bars

The Contractor shall provide 10 nos. T-bar valve key operators for each type of valve. The key operators shall be designed with ample strength to open and close valves against the full head of the pipelines (10 bars) without distortion or overstressing. They shall be of length 1.80 metres.

TME/C10


The Contractor shall also provide 10 nos. lifting keys and 10 nos. prising bars of ample strength for each type of surface boxes and covers provided. The Contractor shall provide extra 5% of each type of covers each for the various surface boxes provided.

6 Installation Of Water Pipes 6.1 Underground water pipes

a) All pipes shall be laid to line and level as indicated in the specifications, drawings or as instructed by the Superintending Officer but full allowance shall be made by the Contractor for the detailed development and co-ordination of the scheme and for the future removal and dismantling of sections of the Work.

b) All pipes shall be bedded on concrete at least 100mm thick and properly haunched in concrete at least 100mm on either side of the pipe or as per detail drawings whichever is more stringent. It shall be free from burrs, rust and scale and shall be thoroughly cleaned before installation.

c) Before laying, each pipe and fitting shall be thoroughly cleansed internally and the ends temporarily plugged to prevent ingress of dirt and on completion each system shall be thoroughly flushed out with clean water. After laying and jointing, the leading end shall remain temporarily plugged to prevent access of water, soil etc. Precautions should be taken to prevent flotation of the plugged pipes should the trench become flooded. Wooden bungs shall not be used for plugging pipework

d) Any coating, sheathing or wrapping of the pipes shall be examined for damage and repaired where necessary, and shall also be made continuous over joints.

e) Where there is a gradient, pipe laying shall preferably proceed in an

uphill direction to facilitate joint making.

f) Except in the case of small pipes made low pressure, thrust-blocks of concrete shall be formed at all bends, branches and dead-ends to transmit the hydraulic thrust on the undisturbed ground and to spread it over a sufficient area. Where the hydraulic thrust is in an upward direction, anchor-blocks of sufficient weight shall be formed to which the pipe shall be secured with steel straps.

TME/C11


g) Every ground pipe entering a building shall do so at a level not less than 500mm below the outside ground surface and at the point of the entry pipe shall be accommodated in a sleeve which shall have previously been solidly built-in, and the space between the pipe and sleeve shall be filled with bituminous or other suitable material for a minimum length of 150mm at both ends to prevent the passage of water, gas or vermin.

h) Surface boxes shall be provided to give access to operating valves and

shall be supported on concrete or brickwork which must not be allowed to rest on the pipes and transmit traffic loads to them, allowance being made for settlement. The cover shall be of F900 loading class

i) Precautions against contamination of the pipe shall be taken when making a connection, and where any risk exists, the pipe shall be subsequently sterilized.

7 Testing and Commissioning Of Water Pipes 7.1 General The Contractor shall carry out all necessary testing and commissioning

procedures comprising tests at maker's works, site tests during construction, commissioning and acceptance tests all as specified below.

Tests shall be carried out in accordance with the appropriate Latest Code of

Practice and Singapore Standards. All tests may be witnessed by the SO, and in the case of pressure tests at the

manufacturer's works, by parties nominated by the SO. Not less than fourteen days' notice shall be given by the Contractor for this purpose.

All tests shall be properly recorded in a manner to be agreed with the

Superintending Officer and triplicate copies of all records shall be issued to the Superintending Officer on completion.

These test records, and performance data shall be supplied for all tests,

whether or not they have been witnessed by the SO. The information given on such test records and services shall be sufficient to identify the material or equipment to which the records refers, and shall also bear the Contract reference and heading given in equipment sections.

Only when the installations have been so recorded and all test figures and

other relevant information has been recorded in the prescribed manner and accepted by the Superintending Officer will the Superintending Officer issue the completion certificate.

TME/C12


The Contractor shall provide all labour, tools, instruments, material, equipment and recorders required to carry out the tests.

Six months before commissioning or testing any of the installations, the

Contractor shall submit to the Superintending Officer for comment a comprehensive testing and commissioning procedure. This document shall outline all steps to be taken by the Contractor in testing and commissioning of the installations. Details of each instrument to be employed are to be provided.

Manufacturer's works test shall include all routine electrical and mechanical

tests in accordance with the relevant British Standards, and in addition, any tests called for by the Superintending Officer to ensure that the plant being supplied meets the requirements of this Specification. For plant not covered by any British Standards or specifically mentioned in this Specification, the tests shall be agreed with the SO.

All items of equipment of each type and rating supplied under this Contract

shall be subjected to type tests of electrical and mechanical performance as appropriate and as specified in the relevant British Standards or equal. In the event of the Contractor supplying recorded copies of type test records covering equipment of similar design, rating and construction, the Superintending Officer may waive such tests entirely. The Contract Sum shall include for the carrying out of such tests where records are not already held.

All instruments shall have been recalibrated within three months of the start of commissioning or testing. Calibration of all instruments shall be certified by the instrument manufacturer or an approved calibration agency. Copy of the certificate shall be submitted for review and record.

7.2 After laying, jointing and anchoring, the pipes shall be slowly and carefully

charged with water, so that all air is expelled, allowed to stand full for several days and then tested under pressure.

7.3 A long main shall be tested in sections as the work of laying proceeds, and it

is an advantage to leave the joints exposed for inspection during the testing.

7.4 The open end of the pipe may be temporarily closed for testing under moderate pressure by fitting a blank flange. The end of the pipe shall be secured by struts or otherwise, to assist the end thrust of the water pressure in the pipe.

7.5 If the section of pipe tested terminates with a sluice valve, the wedge of the

valve shall not be used to retain the water; instead the valve shall be fitted temporarily with a blank flange, and the wedge should be placed in the open position while testing.

TME/C13


7.6 The test pressure shall be applied by means of manually-operated test

pump or, in the case of long pipes or pipes of large diameter, by a power-driven test pump which shall not be left unattended. In either case, precautions shall be taken to ensure that the required pressure is not exceeded. Pressure gauges shall preferably be recalibrated before the test.

7.7 The test pressure shall be 120 meters head or the max. working pressure

plus 50% whichever is the greater and the test pressure shall be maintained by the pump for about two(2) hour and if there is any leakage it shall be measured by the quantity of water pumped into the main in that time. Any leakages are found; the Contractor shall immediately remove and replace the defective pipes and the section of pipe to be re-tested as above until no leakage is found.

7.8 The Contractor will notify the Superintending Officer three days in advance of any test so that the Superintending Officer can witness the tests if he wishes to.

8 Sterilization Of Main

8.1 Sterilisation of the potable water system shall be carried as per latest Code of

Practice CP: 48

8.2 After the pipework has been tested and approved, but before it is coupled, it shall be sterilized with a solution of chloride of lime.

8.3 The approximate amount of chloride of lime required to sterilize pipework of

various sizes shall be as follows:

Diameter Capacity/100 yds Amount of Chloride of Lime

100 mm 730 dm3 200 g

150 mm 1640 dm3 265 g

8.4 The solution of the sterilizing agent shall be introduced into the main at a

constant rate to give the required concentration by ascertaining the rate of discharge to the main through a valve.

8.5 The pipework shall be thoroughly flushed before supply is restored.

8.6 Upon completion of T&C, the contractor shall perform a final round of

flushing of the whole pipe circuit prior to the handover to SO.

TME/C14


9 Spare Parts

The Contractor shall also include in the Contract, 5% spare valve covers of the total numbers of each type of valves cover used. The valves shall be held by the SO. All valves and manhole covers shall be of F900 type.

TME/D1


Part D – PUB’s Technical Specification for special internal lining of pipes and pipe fittings

STANDARDS FOR SPECIAL INTERNAL LINING OF PIPES AND PIPE FITTINGS TO BE USED FOR FIRE HYDRANT PIPES

General

The internal lining and external coating materials of the pipes and pipe fittings shall conform to the requirements of any one of the following Standards:

(a) British Standard (BS EN 598:1995) on "Ductile Iron Pipes, Fittings, Accessories and their Joints for Sewerage Applications”

(b) Australian Standard (AS 4321:1995) on “Fusion-bonded Medium-density

Polyethylene Coating and Lining for Pipes and Pipe Fittings (c) American Standard (ASNI/AWWA C213) on “Fusion Bonded Epoxy

Coating for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines” (d) Any other ISO, German (DIN), French or Japanese (JIS) Standards

suitable for sewerage applications or ultra pure water applications. The lining materials shall be bonded to pipes in the factory, and shall adhere perfectly to the inside of the pipes and pipe fittings. The lining materials shall meet the minimum requirements of pull-off test for adhesion, as stipulated in ISO 4624:1978, or its equivalent American (ANSI/NSF 61), Australian (AS 4321), German (DIN EN 24624), French or Japanese Standards, but not less than 3 N/mm width of strip. Finished lining materials shall be smooth, even and free from ridges, corrugations, cracks, foreign matter, blemishes or other defects. The same shall be applicable to the inside of the socket and the outside of the spigot end of pipes and pipe fittings, which will be in contact with NEWater. The Contractor shall ensure that all lining materials of the pipes and pipe fittings especially that portion outside the spigot end is not damaged during transport and pipelaying, by providing adequate protection to the pipes and pipe fittings. Lining shall be inspected for continuity using a full-wave rectified direct current output detector set at 1000 V to check for pinholes, holidays and discontinuities. Thickness of the lining/ coating may be measured using a magnetic thickness gauge or other instrument with high accuracy as approved by the Board. Pipes and pipe fittings requiring limited repair due to scars, slivers, lining imperfections and other minor defects shall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

TME/D2


The lining of the pipes and pipe fittings shall have no toxic effect to the water in the pipeline, and must satisfy the requirements of SS 375 (Singapore Standard 375 on suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water), or BS 6920, or AS 3855 as applicable. Tenders are to be accompanied by an analytical report on the total organic carbon (TOC) content of water that has been in contact with the pipe. The test procedure shall follow that described in the Clause 16.1 (d). The analytical report must be prepared by a product conformance assessment body (certification body/testing facility) accredited by the Singapore Accreditation Council (SAC) or under its Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs). Tenders which do not comply with the above may not be considered.

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Test

(a) Sample And Test Container Size

A pipe sample with a total surface area of 15,000 ± 500 mm² shall be used for the test. Test containers shall be made of borosilicate glass and be of sufficient volume to contain the pipe sample and 1,000 ml of test water. The sample shall be made up from one or more articles drawn from the same production batch or cut from a single larger product. The maximum length and width of any single sample shall be 150 mm and 70 mm respectively.

(b) Test Water

Deionised water or any water with a total organic carbon (TOC) content of less than 100 µg/l shall be used as the test water for the “blank” and sample extracts.

(c) Test Protocol And Report For Total Organic Carbon The analysis for total organic carbon (TOC) content shall be carried out in accordance with the test methodology given in the APHA/AWWA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th Edition) or British Standards. The test instrument/method detection limit shall be 10 µg/l or lower. The test report on TOC content shall state the method used for TOC analysis and the instrument/method detection limit.

(d) Test Procedure Extraction Procedure It shall be ensured that the extraction periods below are consecutive and without a break; if a break in the sequence occurs, repeat the sequence using fresh samples.

TME/D3


First Extract Rinse the sample and test containers with the test water for 5 minutes. Place the sample in a clean test container. One container of test water shall be used as a “blank”. Fill each test container with 1,000 ml of test water and seal each container with a fresh piece of aluminum foil. If the density of the sample is less than that of water, ensure the sample is kept totally submerged in the test water for the duration of the test by using glass-encapsulated weights. Immerse the sample in the test water for 24 hours. At the end of this period, extract 50 ml each of the test water and blank for analysis of TOC content. Second Extract Empty the sample test container and blank container of water. Rinse the sample and test containers with fresh test water for 5 minutes. Refill the containers as before and immerse the sample in the test water for another 24 hours. At the end of the second 24-hour period, extract 50 ml each of the test water and blank for analysis of TOC content. Third Extract Empty the sample test container and blank container of water. Rinse the sample and test containers with fresh test water for 5 minutes. Refill the containers as before and immerse the sample in the test water for another 24 hours. At the end of the third 24-hour period, extract 50 ml each of the test water and blank for analysis of TOC content. Fourth Extract Empty the sample test container and blank container of water. Rinse the sample and test containers with fresh test water for 5 minutes. Refill the containers as before and immerse the sample in the test water for 72 hours. At the end of the 72-hour period, extract 50 ml each of the test water and blank for analysis of TOC content. Fifth Extract Empty the sample test container and blank container of water. Rinse the sample and test containers with fresh test water for 5 minutes. Refill the containers as before and immerse the sample in the test water for 24 hours. At the end of the 24-hour period, extract 50 ml each of the test water and blank for analysis of TOC content. Sixth Extract Empty the sample test container and blank container of water. Rinse the sample and test containers with fresh test water for 5 minutes. Refill the containers as before and immerse the sample in the test water for

TME/D4


another 24 hours. At the end of the 24-hour period, extract 50 ml each of the test water and blank for analysis of TOC content. Seventh Extract Empty the sample test container and blank container of water. Rinse the sample and test containers with fresh test water for 5 minutes. Refill the containers as before and immerse the sample in the test water for another 24 hours. At the end of the 24-hour period, extract 50 ml each of the test water and blank for analysis of TOC content.

Internal Lining For Pipes & Pipe Fittings

Every part of the pipes and pipe fittings, including the socket inside and spigot outside (portion to be pushed into the pipe socket) that will be in contact with NEWater shall be lined with one of the following types of materials:

(a) 100% solids rigid polyurethane, (b) Fusion-bonded medium density polyethylene, (c) Fusion-bonded epoxy. (d) Any other lining materials as may be recommended by a reputable pipe

manufacturer with test reports indicating that the materials comply with a Standard relevant to the application, and other supporting documents to show that the materials is suitable for NEWater application (e.g. technical assessment, history of the materials use for conveying ultra-pure water or water of similar quality in one or more developed countries).

100% Solids Rigid Polyurethane Lining for Pipes & Pipe Fittings

Polyurethane used for lining of the pipes and pipe fittings shall be of 100% solids rigid polyurethane with a density of about 1600 kg/m3. The lining shall have a thickness of at least 1.0 mm for all sizes of pipes and pipe fittings, and at least 0.3 mm for the socket and the outer portion of the spigot end. It shall have a continuous protection to the metal part of the pipes and pipe fittings without cracks. The dielectric resistance shall be about 200 kV/cm. The shock resistance of the polyurethane lining shall be more than 12 N-m. It shall have an elongation of more than 10%. The polyurethane shall have no effect subject to salt water spray test of 1000 hours. It shall have the chemical resistance against chlorinated water, water solution of salts, acids and bases of pH 5 to pH 9. In terms of head loss, the roughness coefficient (k) in the Colebrook-White formula for the polyurethane shall be less than 0.01 mm, or alternatively the Hazen William coefficient in the Hazen William formula shall be 150 or higher. Fusion-Bonded Medium Density Polyethylene Lining & Coating for Pipes &

TME/D5


Pipe Fittings Polyethylene used for lining and coating of the pipes and pipe fittings shall be fusion-bonded medium density polyethylene with a density of about 930 kg/m3. The lining shall have a thickness of at least 1.0 mm for all sizes of pipes and pipe fittings. For the materials to be used as coating on the external surface of pipes and pipe fittings, the minimum thickness shall be 1.8mm for 150mm, 300mm and 500 mm dia pipes, and 2.3 mm for 700 mm and 900 mm dia pipes. The lining and coating materials shall have a continuous protection to the metal part of the pipes and pipe fittings without cracks. The dielectric resistance of the polyethylene shall be about 200 kV/cm. The shock resistance of the polyethylene shall be more than 18 N-m. The polyethylene shall have an elongation of more than 300%. It shall have no effect subject to salt water spray test of 1000 hours and shall have the chemical resistance against chlorinated water, water solution of salts, acids and bases of pH 5 to pH 9. In terms of head loss, the roughness coefficient (k) in the Colebrook-White formula for the polyethylene shall be less than 0.01 mm, or alternatively the Hazen William coefficient in the Hazen William formula shall be 150 or higher.

Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Lining for Pipes & Pipe Fittings

Epoxy used for lining of the pipes and pipe fittings shall be fusion-bonded epoxy for the straight section of pipes. At the socket end of a pipe, the epoxy used for lining shall comprise fusion-bonded epoxy as first coat, and a second coat of epoxy if required by the manufacturer. The lining shall have a total thickness of at least 0.5 mm for all sizes of pipes and pipe fittings, and at least 0.3 mm for the socket. The outer portion of the spigot end in contact with NEWater may be coated with a first coat of zinc-rich paint follow with a second coat of epoxy of about 0.3 mm, to give a total thickness of 0.33 mm, in place of fusion-bonded epoxy if necessary. The finished epoxy lining shall have a continuous protection to the metal part of the pipes and pipe fittings without cracks. The shock resistance of the epoxy shall be more than 11 N-m. It shall have no effect subject to salt water spray test of 1000 hours and shall have the chemical resistance against chlorinated water, water solution of salts, acids and bases of pH 5 to pH 9. The fusion bonded epoxy shall have an elongation of more than 10%. In terms of head loss, the roughness coefficient (k) in the Colebrook-White formula for the epoxy shall be less than 0.01 mm, or alternatively the Hazen William coefficient in the Hazen William formula shall be 150 or higher.

Part IV-R1 (fire)

Documents

hydrant system

pipe fittings

materials pipe sizes

underground hydrant

hydrant installations

pipe materials

nominal sizes

batch of pipes