PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems.

PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATION CHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT…

Focus on: Levels of Awareness

Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach

How the Parts Fit Together

Focus on Levels of Awareness

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Why Awareness Models?

• They came first (i.e., Freud)

• Wrestled with what a person could reasonably know about him/herself

• Crucial to understand in the context of answering “Who am I?”




The No-Access Unconscious

• Definition: Mental activities to which consciousness is simply not connected…

• Consider the neurons departing from the retina

• We have no idea how our visual system works (unless we take a course in it)!

• Its function is unconscious




No-Access Unconscious

How many black dots do you count?

(Version 1 of 2; better for some video environments)





How many black dots do you count?

(version 2 of 2; better for some video environments)





Is the blue inside the

cube or outside?




Unnoticed Unconscious

• Ken Bowers’ study on Unconscious influences

• Participants shown pairs of portraits and landscapes, and their customary preference was assessed (e.g., landscapes or portraits).

• Reinforced for choosing opposite type by smiles from experimenter




Unnoticed Unconscious

• Participants debriefed afterward

• Many claimed they were expressing their genuine preference throughout – were unaware of shift

• See the following example cited by Bowers…




Unnoticed Unconscious• Exp: Did you pick the landscapes or portraits more often?

• Part: Landscapes. • Exp: Did you notice whether I said anything during the

course of the experiment? • Part: You said "good" whenever I picked landscapes.

• Exp: Do you think your tendency to pick landscapes was

influenced by my reinforcement of them? • Part: Of course not! I picked the landscapes because I

liked them better than the portraits. Besides, you only said "good" after I made my choice, so what you said couldn't possibly have influenced my selection of pictures.




The Dynamic Unconscious (Topological)

Freud’s Topological Model

– Consciousness: internal “eye” or sense organ on the brain

– Preconcious: things which can become conscious

– Unconscious: matters one doesn’t know about

Unconscious

Pre-Conscious

Conscious




Unconscious

Pre-Conscious

Conscious

The Dynamic Unconscious (Topological)

Freud’s Topological Model(Continued)

• Many human motives are unconscious

• Either:– there is no access –

as in the primary unconscious

– or, there is active repression – consciousness (or the ego) expels thoughts and feelings




The Dynamic Unconscious (Structural)

Superego

(e.g., conscience)

Ego (e.g, the self)consciousness, defense, reality-testing

Id (e.g., the “it”)

sex, aggression, fantasies, dreams

Developmental Sequence

Childhood (e.g., 5 years)

Toddler-hood

Infancy

Note: Beginnings of Processing Model, i.e.,

Personality divided into areas of function




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PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems.

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