Part 3 - Competitiveness Profiles · 2019. 6. 29. · The Competitiveness Profiles section of The Africa Competitiveness Report 2011presents details of the per- formance in the Global

Part 3 Competitiveness Profiles

The Africa Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum, the World Bank and the African Development Bank


The Competitiveness Profiles section of The AfricaCompetitiveness Report 2011 presents details of the per-formance in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)discussed in Chapter 1.1 for each of the 35 Africancountries covered.

Page 1

Key indicatorsThe first section presents a selection of key indicators.Population figures come from the United NationsPopulation Fund (UNFPA)’s State of World Population2009, available at www.unfpa.org/swp. GDP figurescome from the April 2010 edition of the InternationalMonetary Fund (IMF)’s World Economic Outlook, avail-able at www.imf.org/weo. The structure of GDP wasobtained from the World Bank’s World DevelopmentIndicators Online Database (December 1st, 2010 edition).The Human Development Index (HDI) ranking iscomputed by the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP) and is presented in the HumanDevelopment Indices: Statistical Update 2010. On the right-hand side of the section, a chart shows the evolution ofGDP per capita valued at power purchasing parity(PPP) over the period 1980–2009. Note that forNamibia, data are available only from 1990 on;Zimbabwe data are available only from 2005 on.

Global Competitiveness IndexThis section details the country’s performance on theGCI. In the table on the left-hand side, the first columnshows its ranks among the 139 economies covered bythe GCI and the second column presents its scores. Onthe right-hand side, the figure shows the country’s per-formance on the 12 pillars of the GCI (blue line) meas-ured against the average scores across all the countries inthe same stage of development (black line).

The most problematic factors for doing businessThis figure summarizes those factors seen by businessexecutives as the most problematic for doing business intheir economy. The information is drawn from theWorld Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey2009 and 2010. From a list of 15 factors, respondentswere asked to select the 5 most problematic, and torank those from 1 (most problematic) to 5. The resultswere then tabulated and weighted according to theranking assigned by respondents.1

AlgeriaKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions).................................................34.9GDP (US$ billions)...................................................140.8GDP per capita (US$) ..........................................4,026.9GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.35

Sectoral value-added (% GDP)Agriculture ..............................................................11.7Industry....................................................................54.5Services...................................................................33.7

Human Development Index, 2010Score, (0–1) best....................................................0.68Rank (out of 169 economies) ..................................84

Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP.

Global Competitiveness Index

GCI 2010–2011.........................................................86 ......4.0GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)..................................................83 ........3.9GCI 2008–2009 (out of 134)..................................................99 ........3.7

Basic requirements.............................................................80 ........4.31st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................98 ........3.52nd pillar: Infrastructure.....................................................87 ........3.53rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .........................57 ........4.84th pillar: Health and primary education .........................77 ........5.6

Efficiency enhancers........................................................107 ........3.55th pillar: Higher education and training .........................98 ........3.66th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................126 ........3.67th pillar: Labor market efficiency ..................................123 ........3.78th pillar: Financial market development.......................135 ........2.89th pillar: Technological readiness.................................106 ........3.010th pillar: Market size........................................................50 ........4.3

Innovation and sophistication factors ..........................108 ........3.011th pillar: Business sophistication................................108 ........3.312th pillar: Innovation........................................................107 ........2.8

The most problematic factors for doing business

Inefficient government bureaucracy.........................21.1

Access to financing......................................................16.4

Corruption.......................................................................13.8

Inadequately educated workforce.............................10.7

Policy instability...............................................................8.8

Inadequate supply of infrastructure ............................6.1

Poor work ethic in national labor force ......................5.3

Foreign currency regulations........................................4.4

Tax rates ...........................................................................3.7

Tax regulations ................................................................2.9

Crime and theft ................................................................2.0

Restrictive labor regulations.........................................1.8

Government instability/coups .......................................1.5

Inflation .............................................................................1.5

Poor public health ...........................................................0.0

Rank Score(out of 139) (1–7)

GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), 1980–2009

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Percent of responses

Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

1 Transition1–2 2 Transition

2 –3

Factordriven

Efficiencydriven

Innovationdriven

3

Stage of development

Algeria Economies in transition from 1 to 2

Institutions

Infrastructure

Macroeconomic environment

Health and primary

education

Higher education and training

Goods market efficiency

Labor market efficiency

Financial market development

Technological readiness

Market size

Business sophistication

Innovation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Algeria Middle East and North Africa


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How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles

1 For more information regarding the Executive Opinion Survey, see World EconomicForum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011. Geneva: World EconomicForum.


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The Global Competitiveness Index in detailThis page presents the score and rank achieved by acountry on each of the indicators entering the composi-tion of the GCI. The following pages provide additionalinformation and definitions on each of these indicators.

TECHNICAL NOTES AND SOURCES

This section provides detailed definitions and sourcesfor all the indicators that enter the GlobalCompetitiveness Index 2010–2011 (GCI).

Two types of data are used in the GCI: ExecutiveOpinion Survey data and data from sources other thanthe World Economic Forum (national authorities, inter-national agencies, and private sources). The latter wereupdated at the time The Global Competitiveness Report2010–2011 was prepared.

For each indicator, the title appears on the fist line,preceded by its number to allow for quick reference.The numbering refs to the data tables section in TheGlobal Competitiveness Report 2010–2011. Underneath isa description of the indicator or, in the case of theExecutive Opinion Survey data, the full question andthe associated responses.

1st Pillar: Institutions

1.01 Property rightsHow would you rate the protection of property rights, including financial assets, in your country? [1 = very weak; 7 = very strong] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource : World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.02 Intellectual property protectionHow would you rate intellectual property protection, including anti-counterfeiting measures, in your country? [1 = very weak; 7 = very strong] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.03 Diversion of public fundsIn your country, how common is diversion of public funds to companies, individuals, or groups due to corruption? [1 = very common; 7 = never occurs] | 2009–10 weighted aver-ageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.04 Public trust of politiciansHow would you rate the level of public trust in the ethical standards of politicians in your country? [1 = very low; 7 = very high] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.05 Irregular payments and bribesThis indicator represents the average score across the five components of the following Executive Opinion Survey question: In your country, how common is it for firms to make undocumented extra payments or bribes connected with (a) imports and exports; (b) public utilities; (c) annual tax payments; (d) awarding of public contracts and licenses; (e) obtaining favorable judicial decisions. The answer to each question ranges from 1 (very common) to 7 (never occurs). | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.06 Judicial independenceTo what extent is the judiciary in your country independent from influences of members of government, citizens, or firms? [1 = heavily influenced; 7 = entirely independent] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officialsTo what extent do government officials in your country show favoritism to well-connected firms and individuals when deciding upon policies and contracts? [1 = always show favoritism; 7 = never show favoritism] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.08 Wastefulness of government spendingHow would you rate the composition of public spending in your country? [1 = extremely wasteful; 7 = highly efficient in providing necessary goods and services] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

The Global Competitiveness Index in detailINDICATOR SCORE RANK/139

1st pillar: Institutions1.01 Property rights .......................................................3.6 ..........1061.02 Intellectual property protection..............................2.7 ..........1051.03 Diversion of public funds.......................................3.3 ............671.04 Public trust of politicians........................................2.4 ............851.05 Irregular payments and bribes...............................3.4 ............971.06 Judicial independence ...........................................2.8 ..........1121.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....2.8 ............821.08 Wastefulness of government spending ................3.3 ............641.09 Burden of government regulation..........................2.3 ..........1321.10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3.3 ............931.11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3.1 ..........1001.12 Transparency of government policymaking...........3.6 ..........1211.13 Business costs of terrorism...................................4.4 ..........1281.14 Business costs of crime and violence...................4.8 ............741.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.1 ............871.16 Reliability of police services...................................4.0 ............791.17 Ethical behavior of firms........................................3.5 ............981.18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards........4.0 ..........1041.19 Efficacy of corporate boards..................................4.1 ..........1101.20 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests ......3.9 ............951.21 Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)*........5.3 ............59

2nd pillar: Infrastructure2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure .............................3.8 ............862.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.9 ............662.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure ............................2.7 ............652.04 Quality of port infrastructure .................................3.2 ..........1152.05 Quality of air transport infrastructure ....................3.9 ............982.06 Available airline seat Kms/week, millions*........147.2 ............702.07 Quality of electricity supply ...................................4.8 ............692.08 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ...........................7.4 ..........1022.09 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* .........93.8 ............72

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* ................-8.4 ..........1203.02 National savings rate, % GDP* ...........................30.0 ............263.03 Inflation, annual % change* ..................................5.7 ............993.04 Interest rate spread, %*........................................6.2 ............813.05 Government debt, % GDP* ................................13.5 ............103.06 Country credit rating, 0–100 (worst)*..................55.9 ............59

4th pillar: Health and primary education4.01 Business impact of malaria ..............................n/appl. ..............14.02 Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...........................0.0 ..............14.03 Business impact of tuberculosis............................5.0 ............914.04 Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* ................57.9 ............734.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS................................5.4 ............634.06 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.*..............................0.1 ............224.07 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* ...........36.0 ..........1044.08 Life expectancy, years*.......................................72.4 ............774.09 Quality of primary education..................................3.1 ............964.10 Primary education enrollment, net %*................94.9 ............58

5th pillar: Higher education and training5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* .......83.2 ............805.02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* ............24.0 ............875.03 Quality of the educational system.........................2.9 ..........1175.04 Quality of math and science education .................3.6 ............845.05 Quality of management schools............................3.8 ............915.06 Internet access in schools .....................................2.5 ..........1255.07 Availability of research and training services.........3.4 ..........1055.08 Extent of staff training...........................................3.5 ..........103

INDICATOR SCORE RANK/139

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency6.01 Intensity of local competition ................................4.5 ............936.02 Extent of market dominance .................................3.9 ............556.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy...................3.7 ............916.04 Extent and effect of taxation .................................3.7 ............566.05 Total tax rate, % profits*.....................................72.0 ..........1286.06 No. procedures to start a business* ...................14.0 ..........1266.07 No. days to start a business*..............................24.0 ............796.08 Agricultural policy costs.........................................3.4 ..........1196.09 Prevalence of trade barriers...................................4.7 ............566.10 Trade tariffs, % duty*..........................................13.3 ..........1216.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...........................3.8 ..........1236.12 Business impact of rules on FDI ...........................3.7 ..........1256.13 Burden of customs procedures.............................3.2 ..........1246.14 Degree of customer orientation ............................4.0 ..........1086.15 Buyer sophistication ..............................................2.9 ..........108

7th pillar: Labor market efficiency7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations................4.1 ............937.02 Flexibility of wage determination...........................4.5 ..........1057.03 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)*....41.0 ..........1047.04 Hiring and firing practices......................................3.8 ............787.05 Redundancy costs, weeks of wages*.................17.0 ............297.06 Pay and productivity ..............................................3.4 ..........1057.07 Reliance on professional management .................3.3 ..........1297.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.2 ..........1257.09 Females in labor force, ratio to males* .................0.5 ..........120

8th pillar: Financial market development8.01 Availability of financial services .............................3.2 ..........1318.02 Affordability of financial services ...........................2.7 ..........1368.03 Financing through local equity market...................2.2 ..........1278.04 Ease of access to loans.........................................2.8 ............678.05 Venture capital availability......................................2.4 ............818.06 Restriction on capital flows ...................................2.3 ..........1368.07 Soundness of banks ..............................................4.2 ..........1218.08 Regulation of securities exchanges.......................2.1 ..........1378.09 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ............................3.0 ..........103

9th pillar: Technological readiness9.01 Availability of latest technologies ..........................4.2 ..........1099.02 Firm-level technology absorption...........................3.9 ..........1289.03 FDI and technology transfer ..................................3.6 ..........1299.04 Internet users/100 pop.* .....................................13.5 ............969.05 Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.........2.3 ............829.06 Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.*..........n/a ...........n/a

10th pillar: Market size10.01 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)* ..............4.0 ............5110.02 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)*..................5.0 ............41

11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...........................................4.9 ............5911.02 Local supplier quality .............................................3.9 ..........10511.03 State of cluster development ................................2.5 ..........12611.04 Nature of competitive advantage ..........................2.5 ..........12911.05 Value chain breadth ...............................................2.8 ..........12311.06 Control of international distribution .......................3.6 ..........10911.07 Production process sophistication.........................3.4 ............8311.08 Extent of marketing ...............................................3.4 ..........10511.09 Willingness to delegate authority ..........................3.0 ..........111

12th pillar: Innovation12.01 Capacity for innovation ..........................................2.3 ..........12512.02 Quality of scientific research institutions ..............3.1 ............9612.03 Company spending on R&D ..................................2.6 ..........10612.04 University-industry collaboration in R&D ...............2.9 ..........11912.05 Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products.....2.9 ..........12312.06 Availability of scientists and engineers..................4.5 ............4312.07 Utility patents/million pop.* ...................................0.0 ............90

Algeria

Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section“How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles” on page 115.


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s1.09 Burden of government regulationHow burdensome is it for businesses in your country to comply with governmental administrative requirements (e.g., permits, regulations, reporting)? [1 = extremely burdensome; 7 = not burdensome at all] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputesHow efficient is the legal framework in your country for private businesses in settling disputes? [1 = extremely inefficient; 7 = highly efficient] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulationsHow efficient is the legal framework in your country for private businesses in challenging the legality of governmentactions and/or regulations? [1 = extremely inefficient; 7 =highly efficient] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.12 Transparency of government policymakingHow easy is it for businesses in your country to obtain information about changes in government policies and regulations affecting their activities? [1 = impossible; 7 = extremely easy] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.13 Business costs of terrorismTo what extent does the threat of terrorism impose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = significant costs; 7 = no costs] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.14 Business costs of crime and violenceTo what extent does the incidence of crime and violenceimpose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = significantcosts; 7 = no costs] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.15 Organized crimeTo what extent does organized crime (mafia-oriented racketeering, extortion) impose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = significant costs; 7 = no costs] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.16 Reliability of police servicesTo what extent can police services be relied upon to enforcelaw and order in your country? [1 = cannot be relied upon at all; 7 = can always be relied upon] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.17 Ethical behavior of firmsHow would you compare the corporate ethics (ethical behavior in interactions with public officials, politicians,and other enterprises) of firms in your country with those ofother countries in the world? [1 = among the worst in theworld; 7 = among the best in the world] | 2009–10 weightedaverageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.18 Strength of auditing and reporting standardsIn your country, how would you assess financial auditingand reporting standards regarding company financial performance? [1 = extremely weak; 7 = extremely strong] |2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.19 Efficacy of corporate boardsHow would you characterize corporate governance byinvestors and boards of directors in your country? [1 = management has little accountability to investors andboards; 7 = investors and boards exert strong supervision of management decisions] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.20 Protection of minority shareholders’ interestsIn your country, to what extent are the interests of minorityshareholders protected by the legal system? [1 = not protected at all; 7 = fully protected] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

1.21 Strength of investor protectionStrength of Investor Protection Index on a 0–10 (best) scale |2009Source: The World Bank, Doing Business 2010

2nd Pillar: Infrastructure

2.01 Quality of overall infrastructureHow would you assess general infrastructure (e.g., transport,telephony, and energy) in your country? [1 = extremelyunderdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by internationalstandards] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

2.02 Quality of roadsHow would you assess roads in your country? [1 = extremelyunderdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by internationalstandards] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructureHow would you assess the railroad system in your country?[1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

2.04 Quality of port infrastructureHow would you assess port facilities in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = well developed and efficient by international standards]For landlocked countries, the question is as follows: Howaccessible are port facilities? [1 = extremely inaccessible; 7 =extremely accessible] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

2.05 Quality of air transport infrastructureHow would you assess passenger air transport infrastructurein your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards] |2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010


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s 2.06 Available airline seat kilometersScheduled available airline seat kilometers per week originating in country (in millions) | January 2010 and July2010 averageSources: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser;

national sources

2.07 Quality of electricity supplyHow would you assess the quality of the electricity supply in your country (lack of interruptions and lack ofvoltage fluctuations)? [1 = insufficient and suffers frequentinterruptions; 7 = sufficient and reliable] | 2009–10 weightedaverageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

2.08 Fixed telephone linesNumber of active fixed telephone lines per 100 population |2009Sources: International Telecommunication Union, World

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2010 (June 2010 edition);

national sources

2.09 Mobile telephone subscriptionsNumber of mobile cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 population | 2009Sources: International Telecommunication Union, World

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2010 (June 2010 edition);

national sources

3rd Pillar: Macroeconomic environment

3.01 Government budget balanceGovernment budget balance as a percentage of GDP | 2009Sources: African Development Bank; European Bank for

Reconstruction and Development; Inter-American Development

Bank; International Monetary Fund; Organisation for Economic

Co-operation and Development; Economist Intelligence Unit,

CountryData Database (July 2010); national sources

3.02 National savings rateNational savings rate as a percentage of GDP | 2009Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database

(June/July 2010); International Monetary Fund; The World Bank

Group, World dataBank (July 2010); national sources

3.03 InflationAnnual percent change in consumer price index (year average) | 2009Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook

Database (April 2010); national sources

Notes: Economies are ranked in ascending order for

presentation purposes only. See Appendix of Chapter 1 for

details about the treatment of deflationary countries in the

Global Competitiveness Index.

3.04 Interest rate spreadAverage interest rate spread between typical lending anddeposit rates | 2009Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database

(July 2010); International Monetary Fund, International Financial

Statistics (July 2010); national sources

3.05 Government debtGeneral government gross debt as a percentage of GDP | 2009Sources: African Development Bank; African Development

Bank and OECD Development Centre, Africa Economic Outlook

(retrieved July 6, 2010); European Bank for Reconstruction and

Development; International Monetary Fund; Economist

Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (July 2010); national

sources

3.06 Country credit ratingExpert assessment of the probability of sovereign debtdefault on a 0–100 (lowest probability) scale | September2009Source: © Institutional Investor, 2010. No further

copying or transmission of this material is allowed without

the express permission of Institutional Investor

([email protected]).

4th Pillar: Health and primary education

4.01 Business impact of malariaHow serious an impact do you consider malaria will have onyour company in the next five years (e.g., death, disability,medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism,recruitment and training expenses, revenues)? [1 = a seriousimpact; 7 = no impact at all] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

4.02 Malaria incidenceNumber of malaria cases per 100,000 population | 2006Sources: World Health Organization, World Malaria Report

2008; national sources

Note: (NE) indicates that malaria is not endemic.

4.03 Business impact of tuberculosisHow serious an impact do you consider tuberculosis willhave on your company in the next five years (e.g., death, disability, medical and funeral expenses, productivity andabsenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues)?[1 = a serious impact; 7 = no impact at all] | 2009–10 weightedaverageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

4.04 Tuberculosis incidenceNumber of tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population | 2008Source: The World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved July 27, 2010)

4.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDSHow serious an impact do you consider HIV/AIDS will have on your company in the next five years (e.g., death, dis-ability, medical and funeral expenses, productivity andabsenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues)?[1 = a serious impact; 7 = no impact at all] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

4.06 HIV prevalenceHIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15–49 years |2007Sources: UNAIDS/World Health Organization, 2008 Report on

the Global AIDS Epidemic; United Nations Development

Programme, Human Development Report 2007/2008; national

sources

4.07 Infant mortalityInfant (children aged 0–12 months) mortality per 1,000 livebirths | 2008Sources: The World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved June 23,

2010); national sources

4.08 Life expectancyLife expectancy at birth (years) | 2008Source: The World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved July 27, 2010);

national source


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s4.09 Quality of primary educationHow would you assess the quality of primary schools in yourcountry? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent—among the best in theworld] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

4.10 Primary education enrollment rateNet primary education enrollment rate | 2008Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (retrieved July 16, 2010);

The World Bank, EdStats query (retrieved July 16, 2010);

national sources

5th Pillar: Higher education and training

5.01 Secondary education enrollment rateGross secondary education enrollment rate | 2008Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (retrieved July 16, 2010);

national sources

5.02 Tertiary education enrollment rateGross tertiary education enrollment rate | 2008Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (retrieved July 16, 2010);

national sources

5.03 Quality of the educational systemHow well does the educational system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy? [1 = not well at all;7 = very well] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

5.04 Quality of math and science educationHow would you assess the quality of math and science education in your country’s schools? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent— among the best in the world] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

5.05 Quality of management schoolsHow would you assess the quality of management or business schools in your country? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent —among the best in the world] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

5.06 Internet access in schoolsHow would you rate the level of access to the Internet inschools in your country? [1 = very limited; 7 = extensive] |2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

5.07 Local availability of specialized research and trainingservicesIn your country, to what extent are high-quality, specializedtraining services available? [1 = not available; 7 = widelyavailable] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

5.08 Extent of staff trainingTo what extent do companies in your country invest in training and employee development? [1 = hardly at all; 7 = to a great extent] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6th Pillar: Goods market efficiency

6.01 Intensity of local competitionHow would you assess the intensity of competition in the local markets in your country? [1 = limited in mostindustries; 7 = intense in most industries] | 2009–10 weightedaverageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.02 Extent of market dominanceHow would you characterize corporate activity in your country? [1 = dominated by a few business groups; 7 = spreadamong many firms] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policyTo what extent does anti-monopoly policy promote competition in your country? [1 = does not promote competition; 7 = effectively promotes competition] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.04 Extent and effect of taxationWhat impact does the level of taxes in your country have on incentives to work or invest? [1 = significantly limits incentives to work or invest; 7 = has no impact onincentives to work or invest] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.05 Total tax rateThis variable is a combination of profit tax (% of profits),labor tax and contribution (% of profits), and other taxes (% of profits) | 2009Source: The World Bank, Doing Business 2010

6.06 Number of procedures required to start a businessNumber of procedures required to start a business | 2009Source: The World Bank, Doing Business 2010

6.07 Time required to start a businessNumber of days required to start a business | 2009Source: The World Bank, Doing Business 2010

6.08 Agricultural policy costsHow would you assess the agricultural policy in your country? [1 = excessively burdensome for the economy; 7 = balances the interests of taxpayers, consumers, and producers] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.09 Prevalence of trade barriersIn your country, to what extent do tariff and non-tariff barriers limit the ability of imported goods to compete inthe domestic market? [1 = strongly limit; 7 = do not limit] |2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.10 Trade tariffsTrade-weighted average tariff rate | 2009Source: International Trade Centre

6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownershipHow prevalent is foreign ownership of companies in yourcountry? [1 = very rare; 7 = highly prevalent] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

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s 6.12 Business impact of rules on FDITo what extent do rules governing foreign direct investment(FDI ) encourage or discourage it? [1 = strongly discourageFDI ; 7 = strongly encourage FDI ] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.13 Burden of customs proceduresHow would you rate the level of efficiency of customs procedures (related to the entry and exit of merchandise) in your country? [1 = extremely inefficient; 7 = extremelyefficient] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.14 Degree of customer orientationHow well do companies in your country treat customers? [1 = generally treat their customers badly; 7 = are highlyresponsive to customers and customer retention] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

6.15 Buyer sophisticationIn your country, how do buyers make purchasing decisions?[1 = based solely on the lowest price; 7 = based on a sophisticated analysis of performance attributes] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

10.04 Imports as a percentage of GDPImports of goods and services as a percentage of grossdomestic product | 2009Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database

(retrieved July 1, 2010); The World Bank, Data Catalog

(retrieved July 13, 2010); national sources

7th Pillar: Labor market efficiency

7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relationsHow would you characterize labor-employer relations inyour country? [1 = generally confrontational; 7 = generallycooperative] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

7.02 Flexibility of wage determinationHow are wages generally set in your country? [1 = by a centralized bargaining process; 7 = up to each individualcompany] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

7.03 Rigidity of employmentRigidity of Employment Index on a 0–100 (worst) scale | 2009Source: The World Bank, Doing Business 2010

7.04 Hiring and firing practicesHow would you characterize the hiring and firing of workersin your country? [1 = impeded by regulations; 7 = flexiblydetermined by employers] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

7.05 Redundancy costsRedundancy costs in weeks of salary | 2009Source: The World Bank, Doing Business 2010

7.06 Pay and productivityTo what extent is pay in your country related to productivity?[1 = not related to worker productivity; 7 = strongly related toworker productivity] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

7.07 Reliance on professional managementIn your country, who holds senior management positions? [1 = usually relatives or friends without regard to merit; 7 = mostly professional managers chosen for merit and qualifications] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

7.08 Brain drainDoes your country retain and attract talented people? [1 = no, the best and brightest normally leave to pursueopportunities in other countries; 7 = yes, there are manyopportunities for talented people within the country] |2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

7.09 Female participation in labor forceFemale-to-male participation ratio in the labor force | 2008Source: International Labour Organization, KIILM Net (retrieved

June 28, 2010)

8th Pillar: Financial market development

8.01 Availability of financial servicesTo what extent does competition among providers of financial services in your country ensure the provision of financial services at affordable prices? [1 = not at all; 7 = extremely well] | 2010Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

8.02 Affordability of financial servicesTo what extent does competition among providers of financial services in your country ensure the provision of financial services at affordable prices? [1 = not at all; 7 = extremely well] | 2010Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

8.03 Financing through local equity marketHow easy is it to raise money by issuing shares on the stockmarket in your country? [1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy] |2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

8.04 Ease of access to loansHow easy is it to obtain a bank loan in your country withonly a good business plan and no collateral? [1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

8.05 Venture capital availabilityIn your country, how easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to find venture capital? [1 =very difficult; 7 = very easy] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

8.06 Restriction on capital flowsHow restrictive are regulations in your country related to international capital flows? [1 = highly restrictive; 7 = not restrictive at all] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010


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s8.07 Soundness of banksHow would you assess the soundness of banks in yourcountry? [1 = insolvent and may require a governmentbailout; 7 = generally healthy with sound balance sheets] |2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

8.08 Regulation of securities exchangesHow would you assess the regulation and supervision of securities exchanges in your country? [1 = ineffective; 7 = effective] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

8.09 Legal rights indexDegree of legal protection of borrowers and lenders’ rightson a 0–10 (best) scale | 2009Source: The World Bank, Doing Business 2010

9th Pillar: Technological readiness

9.01 Availability of latest technologiesTo what extent are the latest technologies available in yourcountry? [1 = not available; 7 = widely available] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

9.02 Firm-level technology absorptionTo what extent do businesses in your country absorb newtechnology? [1 = not at all; 7 = aggressively absorb] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

9.03 FDI and technology transferTo what extent does foreign direct investment (FDI ) bringnew technology into your country? [1 = not at all; 7 = FDI is a key source of new technology] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

9.04 Internet usersNumber of estimated Internet users per 100 population |2009Sources: International Telecommunication Union, World

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (June 2010 edition); The

World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved July 19, 2010); national

sources

9.05 Broadband Internet subscriptionsNumber of fixed broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 population | 2009Source: International Telecommunication Union, World

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (June 2010 edition)

9.06 Internet bandwidthInternational Internet bandwidth (Mb/s) per 10,000 population | 2007Sources: International Telecommunication Union, World

Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (June 2010 edition);

national sources

10th Pillar: Market size

10.01 Domestic market size indexSum of gross domestic product plus value of imports ofgoods and services, minus value of exports of goods andservices, normalized on a 1–7 (best) scale | 2009Source: Authors’ calculation. For more details please refer

to Appendix A in Chapter 1.1 of this Report

10.02 Foreign market size indexValue of exports of goods and services, normalized on a 1–7(best) scale | 2009Source: Authors’ calculation. For more details please refer

to Appendix A in Chapter 1.1 of this Report

11th Pillar: Business sophistication

11.01 Local supplier quantityHow numerous are local suppliers in your country? [1 = largely nonexistent; 7 = very numerous] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

11.02 Local supplier qualityHow would you assess the quality of local suppliers in yourcountry? [1 = very poor; 7 = very good] | 2009–10 weightedaverageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

11.03 State of cluster developmentIn your country’s economy, how prevalent are well-developed and deep clusters? [1 = nonexistent; 7 = widespread in many fields] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

11.04 Nature of competitive advantageWhat is the nature of competitive advantage of your country’s companies in international markets based upon? [1 = low-cost or natural resources; 7 = unique products andprocesses] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

11.05 Value chain breadthIn your country, do exporting companies have a narrow orbroad presence in the value chain? [1 = narrow, primarilyinvolved in individual steps of the value chain (e.g., resourceextraction or production); 7 = broad, present across theentire value chain (i.e., do not only produce but also performproduct design, marketing sales, logistics, and after-salesservices)] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

11.06 Control of international distributionTo what extent are international distribution and marketingfrom your country owned and controlled by domestic companies? [1 = not at all, they take place through foreigncompanies; 7 = extensively, they are primarily owned andcontrolled by domestic companies] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010


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s 11.07 Production process sophisticationIn your country, how sophisticated are production processes?[1 = not at all—labor-intensive methods or previous generations of process technology prevail; 7 = highly—theworld’s best and most efficient process technology prevails] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

11.08 Extent of marketingIn your country, to what extent do companies use sophisticated marketing tools and techniques? [1 = very little; 7 = extensively] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

11.09 Willingness to delegate authorityIn your country, how do you assess the willingness to delegate authority to subordinates? [1 = low—top management controls all important decisions; 7 = high—authority is mostly delegated to business unit heads andother lower-level managers] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

12th Pillar: Innovation

12.01 Capacity for innovationIn your country, how do companies obtain technology? [1 = exclusively from licensing or imitating foreign companies;7 = by conducting formal research and pioneering their ownnew products and processes] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

12.02 Quality of scientific research institutionsHow would you assess the quality of scientific research institutions in your country? [1 = very poor; 7 = the best intheir field internationally] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

12.03 Company spending on R&DTo what extent do companies in your country spend onR&D? [1 = do not spend on R&D; 7 = spend heavily on R&D]| 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&DTo what extent do business and universities collaborate onresearch and development (R&D) in your country? [1 = donot collaborate at all; 7 = collaborate extensively] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

12.05 Government procurement of advanced technologyproductsDo government procurement decisions foster technologicalinnovation in your country? [1 = no, not at all; 7 = yes,extremely effectively] | 2009–10 weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

12.06 Availability of scientists and engineersTo what extent are scientists and engineers available in your country? [1 = not at all; 7 = widely available] | 2009–10weighted averageSource: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2009, 2010

12.07 Utility patents per million populationNumber of utility patents (i.e., patents for invention) granted in 2009, per million population | 2009Source: The United States Patent and Trademark Office


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List of Countries

Country Page

Algeria 124

Angola 126

Benin 128

Botswana 130

Burkina Faso 132

Burundi 134

Cameroon 136

Cape Verde 138

Chad 140

Côte d’Ivoire 142

Egypt 144

Ethiopia 146

Gambia, The 148

Ghana 150

Kenya 152

Lesotho 154

Libya 156

Madagascar 158

Malawi 160

Mali 162

Mauritania 164

Mauritius 166

Morocco 168

Mozambique 170

Namibia 172

Nigeria 174

Rwanda 176

Senegal 178

South Africa 180

Swaziland 182

Tanzania 184

Tunisia 186

Uganda 188

Zambia 190

Zimbabwe 192


AlgeriaKey indicators, 2009













Corruption.......................................................................13.8






Tax rates ...........................................................................3.7

Tax regulations ................................................................2.9

Crime and theft ................................................................2.0



Inflation .............................................................................1.5



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1st pillar: Institutions1.01 Property rights .......................................................3.6 ..........106

1.02 Intellectual property protection..............................2.7 ..........105

1.03 Diversion of public funds.......................................3.3 ............67

1.04 Public trust of politicians........................................2.4 ............85

1.05 Irregular payments and bribes...............................3.4 ............97

1.06 Judicial independence ...........................................2.8 ..........112

1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....2.8 ............82

1.08 Wastefulness of government spending ................3.3 ............64

1.09 Burden of government regulation..........................2.3 ..........132

1.10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...3.3 ............93

1.11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3.1 ..........100

1.12 Transparency of government policymaking...........3.6 ..........121

1.13 Business costs of terrorism...................................4.4 ..........128

1.14 Business costs of crime and violence...................4.8 ............74

1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.1 ............87

1.16 Reliability of police services...................................4.0 ............79

1.17 Ethical behavior of firms........................................3.5 ............98

1.18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards........4.0 ..........104

1.19 Efficacy of corporate boards..................................4.1 ..........110

1.20 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests ......3.9 ............95

1.21 Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)*........5.3 ............59

2nd pillar: Infrastructure2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure .............................3.8 ............86

2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.9 ............66

2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure ............................2.7 ............65

2.04 Quality of port infrastructure .................................3.2 ..........115

2.05 Quality of air transport infrastructure ....................3.9 ............98

2.06 Available airline seat Kms/week, millions*........147.2 ............70

2.07 Quality of electricity supply ...................................4.8 ............69

2.08 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ...........................7.4 ..........102

2.09 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* .........93.8 ............72

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* ................-8.4 ..........120

3.02 National savings rate, % GDP* ...........................30.0 ............26

3.03 Inflation, annual % change* ..................................5.7 ............99

3.04 Interest rate spread, %*........................................6.2 ............81

3.05 Government debt, % GDP* ................................13.5 ............10

3.06 Country credit rating, 0–100 (worst)*..................55.9 ............59

4th pillar: Health and primary education4.01 Business impact of malaria ..............................n/appl. ..............1

4.02 Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...........................0.0 ..............1

4.03 Business impact of tuberculosis............................5.0 ............91

4.04 Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* ................57.9 ............73

4.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS................................5.4 ............63

4.06 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.*..............................0.1 ............22

4.07 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* ...........36.0 ..........104

4.08 Life expectancy, years*.......................................72.4 ............77

4.09 Quality of primary education..................................3.1 ............96

4.10 Primary education enrollment, net %*................94.9 ............58

5th pillar: Higher education and training5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* .......83.2 ............80

5.02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* ............24.0 ............87

5.03 Quality of the educational system.........................2.9 ..........117

5.04 Quality of math and science education .................3.6 ............84

5.05 Quality of management schools............................3.8 ............91

5.06 Internet access in schools .....................................2.5 ..........125

5.07 Availability of research and training services.........3.4 ..........105

5.08 Extent of staff training ...........................................3.5 ..........103


6th pillar: Goods market efficiency6.01 Intensity of local competition ................................4.5 ............93

6.02 Extent of market dominance .................................3.9 ............55

6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy...................3.7 ............91

6.04 Extent and effect of taxation .................................3.7 ............56

6.05 Total tax rate, % profits*.....................................72.0 ..........128

6.06 No. procedures to start a business* ...................14.0 ..........126

6.07 No. days to start a business*..............................24.0 ............79

6.08 Agricultural policy costs.........................................3.4 ..........119

6.09 Prevalence of trade barriers...................................4.7 ............56

6.10 Trade tariffs, % duty*..........................................13.3 ..........121

6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...........................3.8 ..........123

6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI ...........................3.7 ..........125

6.13 Burden of customs procedures.............................3.2 ..........124

6.14 Degree of customer orientation ............................4.0 ..........108

6.15 Buyer sophistication ..............................................2.9 ..........108

7th pillar: Labor market efficiency7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations................4.1 ............93

7.02 Flexibility of wage determination...........................4.5 ..........105

7.03 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)*....41.0 ..........104

7.04 Hiring and firing practices......................................3.8 ............78

7.05 Redundancy costs, weeks of wages*.................17.0 ............29

7.06 Pay and productivity ..............................................3.4 ..........105

7.07 Reliance on professional management .................3.3 ..........129

7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.2 ..........125

7.09 Females in labor force, ratio to males* .................0.5 ..........120

8th pillar: Financial market development8.01 Availability of financial services .............................3.2 ..........131

8.02 Affordability of financial services ...........................2.7 ..........136

8.03 Financing through local equity market...................2.2 ..........127

8.04 Ease of access to loans.........................................2.8 ............67

8.05 Venture capital availability......................................2.4 ............81

8.06 Restriction on capital flows ...................................2.3 ..........136

8.07 Soundness of banks ..............................................4.2 ..........121

8.08 Regulation of securities exchanges.......................2.1 ..........137

8.09 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ............................3.0 ..........103

9th pillar: Technological readiness9.01 Availability of latest technologies ..........................4.2 ..........109

9.02 Firm-level technology absorption...........................3.9 ..........128

9.03 FDI and technology transfer ..................................3.6 ..........129

9.04 Internet users/100 pop.* .....................................13.5 ............96

9.05 Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.........2.3 ............82

9.06 Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.*..........n/a ...........n/a

10th pillar: Market size10.01 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)* ..............4.0 ............51

10.02 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)*..................5.0 ............41

11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...........................................4.9 ............59

11.02 Local supplier quality .............................................3.9 ..........105

11.03 State of cluster development ................................2.5 ..........126

11.04 Nature of competitive advantage ..........................2.5 ..........129

11.05 Value chain breadth ...............................................2.8 ..........123

11.06 Control of international distribution .......................3.6 ..........109

11.07 Production process sophistication.........................3.4 ............83

11.08 Extent of marketing ...............................................3.4 ..........105

11.09 Willingness to delegate authority ..........................3.0 ..........111

12th pillar: Innovation12.01 Capacity for innovation ..........................................2.3 ..........125

12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions ..............3.1 ............96

12.03 Company spending on R&D ..................................2.6 ..........106

12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&D ...............2.9 ..........119

12.05 Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products.....2.9 ..........123

12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers..................4.5 ............43

12.07 Utility patents/million pop.* ...................................0.0 ............90

Algeria



AngolaKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions).................................................18.5GDP (US$ billions).....................................................68.8GDP per capita (US$) ..........................................3,971.6GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.15

Sectoral value-added (% GDP)Agriculture ................................................................9.7Industry....................................................................54.0Services...................................................................36.3

Human Development Index, 2010Score, (0–1) best....................................................0.40Rank (out of 169 economies) ................................146



GCI 2010–2011.......................................................138 ......2.9GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)................................................n/a .......n/aGCI 2008–2009 (out of 134)................................................n/a .......n/a

Basic requirements...........................................................138 ........2.81st pillar: Institutions .........................................................119 ........3.22nd pillar: Infrastructure...................................................136 ........1.93rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .......................122 ........3.64th pillar: Health and primary education .......................139 ........2.7

Efficiency enhancers........................................................130 ........3.25th pillar: Higher education and training .......................138 ........2.16th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................133 ........3.37th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................87 ........4.28th pillar: Financial market development.......................134 ........2.99th pillar: Technological readiness.................................130 ........2.610th pillar: Market size........................................................64 ........3.8





Inadequate supply of infrastructure ..........................16.7

Corruption.......................................................................10.9

Access to financing........................................................9.4




Inflation .............................................................................2.1

Tax regulations ................................................................1.9


Tax rates ...........................................................................0.8



Crime and theft ................................................................0.0

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1.03 Diversion of public funds.......................................2.3 ..........122


1.05 Irregular payments and bribes...............................3.2 ..........110


1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....2.2 ..........132

1.08 Wastefulness of government spending ................2.4 ..........116


1.10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes...2.9 ..........120

1.11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs...3.2 ............90


1.13 Business costs of terrorism...................................6.5 ............17


1.15 Organized crime.....................................................6.0 ............36


1.17 Ethical behavior of firms........................................2.7 ..........138



1.20 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests ......3.6 ..........115


2nd pillar: Infrastructure2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure .............................2.2 ..........138

2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.8 ..........115

2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure ............................1.4 ..........107


2.05 Quality of air transport infrastructure ....................3.0 ..........128

2.06 Available airline seat Kms/week, millions*..........93.4 ............80

2.07 Quality of electricity supply ...................................1.5 ..........135


2.09 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* .........43.8 ..........117


3.02 National savings rate, % GDP* ...........................13.8 ..........105

3.03 Inflation, annual % change* ................................14.0 ..........132




4th pillar: Health and primary education4.01 Business impact of malaria....................................2.1 ..........139

4.02 Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*..................21,470.7 ..........121

4.03 Business impact of tuberculosis............................3.9 ..........123

4.04 Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* ..............292.1 ..........119

4.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS................................3.3 ..........126

4.06 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.*..............................2.1 ..........120

4.07 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* .........130.3 ..........139

4.08 Life expectancy, years*.......................................47.0 ..........135

4.09 Quality of primary education..................................1.5 ..........139

4.10 Primary education enrollment, net %*..................n/a ...........n/a

5th pillar: Higher education and training5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* .......17.3 ..........139

5.02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* ..............2.8 ..........132


5.04 Quality of math and science education .................1.6 ..........139

5.05 Quality of management schools............................1.8 ..........139



5.08 Extent of staff training ...........................................4.4 ............39


6th pillar: Goods market efficiency6.01 Intensity of local competition ................................3.9 ..........127

6.02 Extent of market dominance .................................2.8 ..........130

6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy...................3.1 ..........128



6.06 No. procedures to start a business* .....................8.0 ............73

6.07 No. days to start a business*..............................68.0 ..........129

6.08 Agricultural policy costs.........................................3.9 ............61

6.09 Prevalence of trade barriers...................................3.7 ..........123

6.10 Trade tariffs, % duty*............................................8.6 ............93

6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership...........................4.6 ............83






7.02 Flexibility of wage determination...........................4.8 ............89




7.06 Pay and productivity ..............................................3.9 ............68


7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.9 ............47

7.09 Females in labor force, ratio to males* .................0.9 ............43




8.04 Ease of access to loans.........................................2.2 ..........111

8.05 Venture capital availability......................................1.8 ..........129




8.09 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ............................4.0 ............86



9.03 FDI and technology transfer ..................................4.7 ............72

9.04 Internet users/100 pop.* .......................................3.3 ..........125

9.05 Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.*.........0.1 ..........114

9.06 Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.*..........0.2 ..........125



11th pillar: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity...........................................2.5 ..........139






11.07 Production process sophistication.........................3.1 ..........102




12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions ..............1.5 ..........139

12.03 Company spending on R&D ..................................2.7 ............89


12.05 Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products.....4.2 ............35

12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers..................2.9 ..........134


Angola



BeninKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions)...................................................8.9GDP (US$ billions).......................................................6.7GDP per capita (US$) .............................................711.3GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.02





GCI 2010–2011.......................................................103 ......3.7GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)................................................103 ........3.6GCI 2008–2009 (out of 134)................................................106 ........3.6

Basic requirements...........................................................104 ........3.91st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................87 ........3.62nd pillar: Infrastructure...................................................113 ........2.73rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .........................82 ........4.54th pillar: Health and primary education .......................108 ........4.8

Efficiency enhancers........................................................120 ........3.45th pillar: Higher education and training .......................112 ........3.26th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................100 ........3.87th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................85 ........4.28th pillar: Financial market development.........................95 ........3.89th pillar: Technological readiness.................................122 ........2.710th pillar: Market size......................................................124 ........2.3

Innovation and sophistication factors ............................81 ........3.311th pillar: Business sophistication..................................99 ........3.512th pillar: Innovation..........................................................60 ........3.2



Corruption.......................................................................20.7

Tax regulations ..............................................................11.9


Tax rates ...........................................................................9.3

Inflation .............................................................................8.5

Crime and theft ................................................................5.1


Inadequately educated workforce...............................2.8








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0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Benin Sub-Saharan Africa


Transition1–2 2 Transition

2 –3

Factordriven

Efficiencydriven

Innovationdriven


2 –3

Factordriven

Efficiencydriven

Innovationdriven

3



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1st pillar: Institutions1.01 Property rights .......................................................4.7 ............55

1.02 Intellectual property protection..............................3.0 ............91




1.06 Judicial independence ...........................................3.3 ............90



1.09 Burden of government regulation..........................3.7 ............34



1.12 Transparency of government policymaking...........4.6 ............44



1.15 Organized crime.....................................................3.8 ..........128




1.19 Efficacy of corporate boards..................................4.9 ............37


1.21 Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)*........3.3 ..........123


2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.9 ..........107


2.04 Quality of port infrastructure .................................4.0 ............76


2.06 Available airline seat Kms/week, millions*..........18.7 ..........118




3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* ................-3.6 ............59



3.04 Interest rate spread, %*........................................n/a ...........n/a


3.06 Country credit rating, 0–100 (worst)*..................28.6 ..........112













5.03 Quality of the educational system.........................4.2 ............45




5.07 Availability of research and training services.........3.9 ............82














6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI ...........................4.4 ............93

6.13 Burden of customs procedures.............................4.2 ............72


6.15 Buyer sophistication ..............................................3.1 ............90







7.07 Reliance on professional management .................4.0 ............89

7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.3 ............69


8th pillar: Financial market development8.01 Availability of financial services .............................4.3 ............84

8.02 Affordability of financial services ...........................4.1 ............77

8.03 Financing through local equity market...................3.7 ............62



8.06 Restriction on capital flows ...................................4.0 ............92

8.07 Soundness of banks ..............................................5.1 ............76

8.08 Regulation of securities exchanges.......................4.3 ............62








10th pillar: Market size10.01 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)* ..............2.3 ..........121

10.02 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)*..................2.4 ..........130


11.02 Local supplier quality .............................................4.3 ............81


11.04 Nature of competitive advantage ..........................3.0 ............91

11.05 Value chain breadth ...............................................3.7 ............57

11.06 Control of international distribution .......................4.0 ............73



11.09 Willingness to delegate authority ..........................3.4 ............82

12th pillar: Innovation12.01 Capacity for innovation ..........................................3.1 ............60







Benin



BotswanaKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions)...................................................2.0GDP (US$ billions).....................................................11.6GDP per capita (US$) ..........................................6,406.9GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.04






Basic requirements.............................................................76 ........4.41st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................32 ........4.82nd pillar: Infrastructure.....................................................84 ........3.53rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .........................74 ........4.54th pillar: Health and primary education .......................114 ........4.6

Efficiency enhancers..........................................................85 ........3.85th pillar: Higher education and training .........................94 ........3.66th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................58 ........4.27th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................61 ........4.58th pillar: Financial market development.........................47 ........4.59th pillar: Technological readiness...................................99 ........3.110th pillar: Market size......................................................102 ........2.9

Innovation and sophistication factors ............................93 ........3.211th pillar: Business sophistication................................104 ........3.412th pillar: Innovation..........................................................74 ........3.0


Poor work ethic in national labor force ....................17.4






Inflation .............................................................................6.2

Corruption.........................................................................4.4

Crime and theft ................................................................3.6



Tax rates ...........................................................................2.1


Tax regulations ................................................................1.5


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Botswana Economies in transition from 1 to 2

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa



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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.7 ............52



1.18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards........5.0 ............51





2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................4.6 ............47




2.06 Available airline seat Kms/week, millions*............3.5 ..........136




3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* ..............-11.1 ..........133


3.03 Inflation, annual % change* ..................................8.1 ..........114


3.05 Government debt, % GDP* ..................................6.8 ..............4



4.02 Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*.......................361.8 ..........100




4.06 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.*............................23.9 ..........138

4.07 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* ...........26.0 ............90



4.10 Primary education enrollment, net %*................85.6 ..........111






5.06 Internet access in schools .....................................3.3 ............94








6.05 Total tax rate, % profits*.....................................17.1 ............11

6.06 No. procedures to start a business* ...................10.0 ............99












7.03 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)*....13.0 ............27


7.05 Redundancy costs, weeks of wages*.................90.0 ..........111



7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.9 ............46











9th pillar: Technological readiness9.01 Availability of latest technologies ..........................4.8 ............78

9.02 Firm-level technology absorption...........................4.6 ............81




9.06 Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.*..........2.2 ............95















12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&D ...............3.5 ............69




Botswana



Burkina FasoKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions).................................................15.8GDP (US$ billions).......................................................8.1GDP per capita (US$) .............................................564.2GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.03







Efficiency enhancers........................................................133 ........3.15th pillar: Higher education and training .......................135 ........2.56th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................120 ........3.67th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................91 ........4.28th pillar: Financial market development.......................128 ........3.19th pillar: Technological readiness.................................124 ........2.710th pillar: Market size......................................................119 ........2.5

Innovation and sophistication factors ..........................127 ........2.911th pillar: Business sophistication................................137 ........2.812th pillar: Innovation..........................................................90 ........2.9



Corruption.......................................................................15.8

Tax regulations ..............................................................11.4



Inefficient government bureaucracy...........................7.0

Tax rates ...........................................................................6.6


Inflation .............................................................................3.4




Crime and theft ................................................................0.7




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Burkina Faso Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.2 ............81








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.6 ..........122











3.04 Interest rate spread, %*........................................n/a ...........n/a





































7th pillar: Labor market efficiency7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations................3.7 ..........124







7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.7 ..........106



































Burkina Faso



BurundiKey indicators, 2009












Corruption.......................................................................19.5

Policy instability.............................................................10.6

Tax regulations ..............................................................10.5

Tax rates ...........................................................................7.4



Inflation .............................................................................5.0


Crime and theft ................................................................2.8







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Burundi Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.04 Public trust of politicians........................................1.9 ..........123










1.14 Business costs of crime and violence...................3.1 ..........129

1.15 Organized crime.....................................................3.9 ..........126

1.16 Reliability of police services...................................2.3 ..........135







2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.7 ..........120

2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure ............................n/a ...........n/a








3.02 National savings rate, % GDP* .............................8.5 ..........129


3.04 Interest rate spread, %*........................................8.9 ..........108





















– INDICATOR SCORE RANK/139




6.04 Extent and effect of taxation .................................2.7 ..........127

6.05 Total tax rate, % profits*...................................278.6 ..........135


















7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.1 ..........132

7.09 Females in labor force, ratio to males* .................1.0 ..............5


































Burundi



CameroonKey indicators, 2009







Basic requirements...........................................................111 ........3.81st pillar: Institutions .........................................................107 ........3.42nd pillar: Infrastructure...................................................126 ........2.43rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .........................53 ........4.84th pillar: Health and primary education .......................116 ........4.5

Efficiency enhancers........................................................121 ........3.35th pillar: Higher education and training .......................117 ........3.06th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................119 ........3.67th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................99 ........4.18th pillar: Financial market development.......................123 ........3.39th pillar: Technological readiness.................................118 ........2.810th pillar: Market size........................................................91 ........3.1



Corruption.......................................................................21.3


Tax regulations ..............................................................13.2



Tax rates .........................................................................10.9



Inflation .............................................................................2.2



Crime and theft ................................................................0.3





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Cameroon Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.2 ............80








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.8 ..........116








3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* .................0.4 ............11



3.04 Interest rate spread, %*......................................10.7 ..........115



































6.14 Degree of customer orientation ............................4.3 ............88









7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.4 ..........117



































Cameroon



Cape VerdeKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions)...................................................0.5GDP (US$ billions).......................................................1.8GDP per capita (US$) ..........................................3,444.7GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.00






Basic requirements.............................................................96 ........4.11st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................56 ........4.12nd pillar: Infrastructure...................................................109 ........2.83rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .......................102 ........4.24th pillar: Health and primary education .........................88 ........5.4

Efficiency enhancers........................................................129 ........3.25th pillar: Higher education and training .......................109 ........3.36th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................111 ........3.87th pillar: Labor market efficiency ..................................122 ........3.78th pillar: Financial market development.......................104 ........3.79th pillar: Technological readiness...................................79 ........3.410th pillar: Market size......................................................139 ........1.1






Tax regulations ..............................................................10.6

Tax rates .........................................................................10.4




Crime and theft ................................................................2.3

Corruption.........................................................................2.1



Inflation .............................................................................1.1




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0

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2,000

3,000

4,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa

Cape Verde Efficiency-driven economies


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................4.8 ............93








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.9 ............68






2.08 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* .........................14.3 ............85






3.05 Government debt, % GDP* ................................60.5 ..........104



4.02 Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*.........................11.8 ............82


4.04 Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* ..............149.2 ............98








5.02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* ............11.9 ..........103


























7.04 Hiring and firing practices......................................3.3 ..........109




7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.2 ............75



































Cape Verde



ChadKey indicators, 2009











Corruption.......................................................................19.3


Tax regulations ..............................................................10.1

Tax rates ...........................................................................9.0






Crime and theft ................................................................3.4


Inflation .............................................................................3.0





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Chad Factor-driven economies

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2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Chad Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................3.8 ..........129








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.4 ..........126























































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.7 ..........105



































Chad



Côte d'IvoireKey indicators, 2009







Basic requirements...........................................................133 ........3.41st pillar: Institutions .........................................................133 ........3.02nd pillar: Infrastructure.....................................................99 ........3.13rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .........................94 ........4.34th pillar: Health and primary education .......................136 ........3.1

Efficiency enhancers........................................................116 ........3.45th pillar: Higher education and training .......................116 ........3.06th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................118 ........3.77th pillar: Labor market efficiency ..................................105 ........4.08th pillar: Financial market development.......................112 ........3.59th pillar: Technological readiness.................................102 ........3.110th pillar: Market size........................................................94 ........3.1




Corruption.......................................................................19.7

Government instability/coups .....................................17.7


Tax regulations ................................................................6.4

Crime and theft ................................................................5.0

Tax rates ...........................................................................4.5







Inflation .............................................................................0.6



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Côte d’Ivoire Factor-driven economies

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1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................3.4 ..........132








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.2 ............93








3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* .................1.1 ..............7















































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.2 ............78


























11.08 Extent of marketing ...............................................3.7 ............89









Côte d’Ivoire



EgyptKey indicators, 2009







Basic requirements.............................................................89 ........4.21st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................57 ........4.02nd pillar: Infrastructure.....................................................64 ........4.03rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .......................129 ........3.44th pillar: Health and primary education .........................91 ........5.4

Efficiency enhancers..........................................................82 ........3.85th pillar: Higher education and training .........................97 ........3.66th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................90 ........3.97th pillar: Labor market efficiency ..................................133 ........3.48th pillar: Financial market development.........................82 ........4.09th pillar: Technological readiness...................................87 ........3.310th pillar: Market size........................................................26 ........4.8



Corruption.......................................................................19.0

Inflation ...........................................................................14.8


Tax regulations ................................................................9.2





Tax rates ...........................................................................4.5



Crime and theft ................................................................3.5





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Egypt Economies in transition from 1 to 2

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Egypt Middle East and North Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................6.6 ............14








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.7 ............75



















4.06 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ...........................<0.1 ..............1




















6.07 No. days to start a business*................................7.0 ............21













7.05 Redundancy costs, weeks of wages*...............132.0 ..........128



7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.5 ..........114
















9.06 Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.*........11.7 ............72





11.03 State of cluster development ................................3.5 ............66














Egypt



EthiopiaKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions).................................................82.8GDP (US$ billions).....................................................32.3GDP per capita (US$) .............................................390.3GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.11






Basic requirements...........................................................119 ........3.61st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................59 ........4.02nd pillar: Infrastructure...................................................115 ........2.73rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .......................127 ........3.54th pillar: Health and primary education .......................119 ........4.4

Efficiency enhancers........................................................118 ........3.45th pillar: Higher education and training .......................129 ........2.76th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................92 ........3.97th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................72 ........4.48th pillar: Financial market development.......................121 ........3.39th pillar: Technological readiness.................................133 ........2.510th pillar: Market size........................................................79 ........3.4



Foreign currency regulations......................................19.0


Inflation ...........................................................................11.6


Corruption.........................................................................8.8


Tax regulations ................................................................6.0



Tax rates ...........................................................................4.5




Crime and theft ................................................................0.5



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Ethiopia Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.7 ............51








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................4.1 ............60







2.09 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ...........4.9 ..........139
















































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.8 ............96



































Ethiopia



Gambia, TheKey indicators, 2009







Basic requirements.............................................................90 ........4.21st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................37 ........4.82nd pillar: Infrastructure.....................................................69 ........3.83rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .......................117 ........3.84th pillar: Health and primary education .......................124 ........4.2

Efficiency enhancers........................................................105 ........3.55th pillar: Higher education and training .......................103 ........3.56th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................66 ........4.27th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................16 ........4.98th pillar: Financial market development.........................76 ........4.09th pillar: Technological readiness...................................97 ........3.210th pillar: Market size......................................................138 ........1.3




Tax rates .........................................................................16.9




Inflation .............................................................................7.1

Tax regulations ................................................................7.0




Corruption.........................................................................2.8



Crime and theft ................................................................0.9



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The Gambia Factor-driven economies

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2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

The Gambia Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.09 Burden of government regulation..........................4.6 ..............5






1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.8 ............47








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................4.3 ............51





































6.05 Total tax rate, % profits*...................................292.4 ..........136



6.08 Agricultural policy costs.........................................5.2 ..............3















7.08 Brain drain..............................................................4.0 ............45



































Gambia, The



GhanaKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers..........................................................96 ........3.65th pillar: Higher education and training .......................108 ........3.36th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................75 ........4.17th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................93 ........4.28th pillar: Financial market development.........................60 ........4.29th pillar: Technological readiness.................................117 ........2.810th pillar: Market size........................................................83 ........3.3

Innovation and sophistication factors ..........................100 ........3.211th pillar: Business sophistication..................................97 ........3.512th pillar: Innovation..........................................................99 ........2.8




Inflation ...........................................................................12.2


Corruption.........................................................................8.5

Tax rates ...........................................................................8.5



Tax regulations ................................................................4.1


Crime and theft ................................................................3.5






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Ghana Factor-driven economies

0

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2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.3 ............70








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.4 ............86























































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.4 ............64



































Ghana



KenyaKey indicators, 2009






GCI 2010–2011.......................................................106 ......3.6GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)..................................................98 ........3.7GCI 2008–2009 (out of 134)..................................................93 ........3.8


Efficiency enhancers..........................................................79 ........3.95th pillar: Higher education and training .........................96 ........3.66th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................88 ........4.07th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................46 ........4.68th pillar: Financial market development.........................27 ........4.79th pillar: Technological readiness.................................101 ........3.110th pillar: Market size........................................................74 ........3.5



Corruption.......................................................................21.7




Crime and theft ................................................................8.0

Inflation .............................................................................7.5

Tax rates ...........................................................................7.2

Tax regulations ................................................................5.0









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Kenya Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................4.0 ..........123








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.6 ............77























































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.6 ............56










8.09 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ..........................10.0 ..............1




9.04 Internet users/100 pop.* .....................................10.0 ..........103





















Kenya



LesothoKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers........................................................132 ........3.15th pillar: Higher education and training .......................124 ........2.86th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................84 ........4.07th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................86 ........4.28th pillar: Financial market development.......................114 ........3.59th pillar: Technological readiness.................................129 ........2.610th pillar: Market size......................................................135 ........1.6





Corruption.......................................................................13.0



Crime and theft ................................................................5.2



Tax rates ...........................................................................3.8

Inflation .............................................................................3.2



Tax regulations ................................................................2.1




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Lesotho Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................4.9 ............91








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.9 ..........109















4.02 Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.* .........................(NE) ..............1








































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.0 ..........133



































Lesotho



LibyaKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions)...................................................6.4GDP (US$ billions).....................................................60.4GDP per capita (US$) ..........................................9,529.3GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.13






Basic requirements.............................................................88 ........4.21st pillar: Institutions .........................................................111 ........3.32nd pillar: Infrastructure.....................................................95 ........3.23rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment ...........................7 ........5.74th pillar: Health and primary education .......................115 ........4.5




Corruption.......................................................................20.9










Tax regulations ................................................................1.2


Tax rates ...........................................................................0.2

Crime and theft ................................................................0.0

Inflation .............................................................................0.0

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Innovationdriven

3


Libya Economies in transition from 1 to 2

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Libya Middle East and North Africa



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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.8 ............48






1.21 Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)*........n/a ...........n/a


2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.1 ............97












3.05 Government debt, % GDP* ..................................3.9 ..............2







4.06 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ...........................<0.2 ............47




4.10 Primary education enrollment, net %*..................n/a ...........n/a














6.05 Total tax rate, % profits* .......................................n/a ...........n/a

6.06 No. procedures to start a business*......................n/a ...........n/a

6.07 No. days to start a business* ................................n/a ...........n/a



6.10 Trade tariffs, % duty*............................................n/a ...........n/a








7.03 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)*......n/a ...........n/a


7.05 Redundancy costs, weeks of wages*...................n/a ...........n/a



7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.0 ..........134










8.09 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)*.............................n/a ...........n/a

























Libya



MadagascarKey indicators, 2009













Corruption.......................................................................13.2


Crime and theft ................................................................8.1

Inflation .............................................................................7.1

Tax regulations ................................................................5.3


Tax rates ...........................................................................3.5








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3


Madagascar Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................4.3 ..........110








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.9 ..........106















4.02 Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*....................3,355.9 ..........115























6.06 No. procedures to start a business* .....................2.0 ..............3

















7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.8 ............95



































Madagascar



MalawiKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers........................................................110 ........3.45th pillar: Higher education and training .......................120 ........2.96th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................85 ........4.07th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................50 ........4.68th pillar: Financial market development.........................64 ........4.29th pillar: Technological readiness.................................121 ........2.710th pillar: Market size......................................................127 ........2.3






Tax rates .........................................................................10.4

Tax regulations ................................................................7.5

Corruption.........................................................................6.4



Crime and theft ................................................................3.5


Inflation .............................................................................3.2






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3


Malawi Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.9 ............44








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.6 ............76























































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.2 ............71



































Malawi



MaliKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers........................................................135 ........3.05th pillar: Higher education and training .......................132 ........2.66th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................124 ........3.67th pillar: Labor market efficiency ..................................121 ........3.88th pillar: Financial market development.......................133 ........2.99th pillar: Technological readiness.................................128 ........2.610th pillar: Market size......................................................117 ........2.5




Corruption.......................................................................18.7


Tax regulations ..............................................................10.8



Tax rates ...........................................................................6.0






Inflation .............................................................................0.8

Crime and theft ................................................................0.1



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3


Mali Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Mali Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.2 ............78








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.9 ..........103























































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.4 ..........120



































Mali



MauritaniaKey indicators, 2009















Corruption.........................................................................7.9





Tax regulations ................................................................3.7


Tax rates ...........................................................................1.2

Inflation .............................................................................1.1

Crime and theft ................................................................0.7



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3


Mauritania Factor-driven economies

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Mauritania Middle East and North Africa


165

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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.4 ............65








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.4 ..........127












3.05 Government debt, % GDP* ..............................103.1 ..........128











































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.0 ..........135



































Mauritania



MauritiusKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers..........................................................66 ........4.15th pillar: Higher education and training .........................70 ........4.16th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................31 ........4.77th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................59 ........4.58th pillar: Financial market development.........................29 ........4.79th pillar: Technological readiness...................................61 ........3.710th pillar: Market size......................................................112 ........2.6








Corruption.........................................................................7.0


Inflation .............................................................................4.7

Crime and theft ................................................................4.2

Tax regulations ................................................................4.0




Tax rates ...........................................................................1.0



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Innovationdriven

3


0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa

Mauritius Efficiency-driven economies


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................6.1 ............34








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................4.1 ............58




































6.04 Extent and effect of taxation .................................5.4 ..............8








6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI ...........................5.7 ..............8








7.05 Redundancy costs, weeks of wages*...................4.0 ..............6



7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.2 ............70







8.06 Restriction on capital flows ...................................5.7 ..............8




























Mauritius



MoroccoKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers..........................................................88 ........3.85th pillar: Higher education and training .......................102 ........3.56th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................77 ........4.17th pillar: Labor market efficiency ..................................130 ........3.58th pillar: Financial market development.........................74 ........4.19th pillar: Technological readiness...................................75 ........3.510th pillar: Market size........................................................57 ........4.0




Corruption.......................................................................17.7



Tax rates ...........................................................................9.4

Tax regulations ................................................................9.3



Inflation .............................................................................3.8


Crime and theft ................................................................1.6






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Innovationdriven

3


Morocco Economies in transition from 1 to 2

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Morocco Middle East and North Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.6 ............58








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.4 ............88

















4.04 Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* ..............116.3 ............93






































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.2 ............76



































Morocco



MozambiqueKey indicators, 2009












Corruption.......................................................................17.2


Inflation .............................................................................9.1



Crime and theft ................................................................5.7


Tax rates ...........................................................................4.4

Tax regulations ................................................................4.0







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3


Mozambique Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa


171

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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................4.0 ..........122








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.4 ..........129























































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.4 ............63



































Mozambique



NamibiaKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers..........................................................91 ........3.85th pillar: Higher education and training .......................111 ........3.26th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................56 ........4.27th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................55 ........4.58th pillar: Financial market development.........................24 ........4.79th pillar: Technological readiness...................................88 ........3.310th pillar: Market size......................................................114 ........2.5






Restrictive labor regulations.......................................10.2


Corruption.........................................................................7.4

Tax rates ...........................................................................6.7


Crime and theft ................................................................4.3

Inflation .............................................................................2.9

Tax regulations ................................................................2.4






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3


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa

Namibia Efficiency-driven economies


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.3 ............75








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................5.8 ............15















4.02 Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*....................1,698.5 ..........112






















6.05 Total tax rate, % profits*.......................................9.6 ..............2


















7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.6 ............54



































Namibia



NigeriaKey indicators, 2009

Population (millions)...............................................154.7GDP (US$ billions)...................................................173.4GDP per capita (US$) ..........................................1,141.9GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total .................0.48







Efficiency enhancers..........................................................84 ........3.85th pillar: Higher education and training .......................118 ........3.06th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................87 ........4.07th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................74 ........4.38th pillar: Financial market development.........................84 ........4.09th pillar: Technological readiness.................................104 ........3.010th pillar: Market size........................................................30 ........4.6





Corruption.......................................................................15.0




Inflation .............................................................................3.4


Crime and theft ................................................................2.8





Tax regulations ................................................................1.1

Tax rates ...........................................................................1.1


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Innovationdriven

3


Nigeria Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................4.2 ..........119








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.4 ..........128


















































7.03 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)*......7.0 ............10

7.04 Hiring and firing practices......................................5.2 ..............8




7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.2 ............77



































Nigeria



RwandaKey indicators, 2009






GCI 2010–2011.........................................................80 ......4.0GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)................................................n/a .......n/aGCI 2008–2009 (out of 134)................................................n/a .......n/a

Basic requirements.............................................................83 ........4.31st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................19 ........5.32nd pillar: Infrastructure...................................................101 ........3.03rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .......................106 ........4.14th pillar: Health and primary education .......................111 ........4.8

Efficiency enhancers..........................................................98 ........3.65th pillar: Higher education and training .......................121 ........2.96th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................70 ........4.17th pillar: Labor market efficiency ......................................9 ........5.38th pillar: Financial market development.........................69 ........4.19th pillar: Technological readiness.................................100 ........3.110th pillar: Market size......................................................128 ........2.1




Tax regulations ..............................................................15.1

Tax rates .........................................................................13.9






Inflation .............................................................................3.6



Corruption.........................................................................0.6

Crime and theft ................................................................0.4




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Innovationdriven

3


Rwanda Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.04 Public trust of politicians........................................5.4 ..............8



1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....5.1 ..............8

1.08 Wastefulness of government spending ................5.8 ..............2





1.13 Business costs of terrorism...................................6.7 ..............2

1.14 Business costs of crime and violence...................6.4 ..............6

1.15 Organized crime.....................................................6.9 ..............1




1.19 Efficacy of corporate boards..................................5.8 ..............3




2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................4.1 ............56






































6.06 No. procedures to start a business* .....................2.0 ..............3

6.07 No. days to start a business*................................3.0 ..............3











7.03 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)*......7.0 ............10





7.08 Brain drain..............................................................4.3 ............35



































Rwanda



SenegalKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers........................................................108 ........3.55th pillar: Higher education and training .......................110 ........3.26th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................79 ........4.17th pillar: Labor market efficiency ..................................109 ........4.08th pillar: Financial market development.......................107 ........3.69th pillar: Technological readiness...................................93 ........3.210th pillar: Market size......................................................105 ........2.8




Tax regulations ..............................................................15.1

Corruption.......................................................................11.3

Tax rates .........................................................................10.9


Inflation .............................................................................5.7







Crime and theft ................................................................1.8




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Innovationdriven

3


Senegal Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................6.0 ............35








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.3 ............91










3.03 Inflation, annual % change* .................................-1.1 ..............5













































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.0 ............89



































Senegal



South AfricaKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers..........................................................42 ........4.45th pillar: Higher education and training .........................75 ........4.06th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................40 ........4.57th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................97 ........4.18th pillar: Financial market development...........................9 ........5.39th pillar: Technological readiness...................................76 ........3.510th pillar: Market size........................................................25 ........4.8





Crime and theft ..............................................................14.9


Corruption.........................................................................9.8







Inflation .............................................................................1.3

Tax rates ...........................................................................1.2

Tax regulations ................................................................0.6


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3


0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

South Africa Efficiency-driven economies



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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................4.3 ..........114



1.18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards........6.4 ..............1

1.19 Efficacy of corporate boards..................................5.8 ..............2

1.20 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests ......5.6 ..............6



2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................4.8 ............43




2.06 Available airline seat Kms/week, millions*.....1,139.4 ............24


2.08 Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ...........................8.6 ............98

















































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.5 ............62


8th pillar: Financial market development8.01 Availability of financial services .............................6.2 ..............7


8.03 Financing through local equity market...................4.7 ..............7




8.07 Soundness of banks ..............................................6.5 ..............6

8.08 Regulation of securities exchanges.......................6.0 ..............1

8.09 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ............................9.0 ..............6

























South Africa



SwazilandKey indicators, 2009







Basic requirements...........................................................110 ........3.81st pillar: Institutions ...........................................................70 ........3.92nd pillar: Infrastructure.....................................................94 ........3.33rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .........................92 ........4.34th pillar: Health and primary education .......................130 ........3.7

Efficiency enhancers........................................................126 ........3.25th pillar: Higher education and training .......................125 ........2.86th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................106 ........3.87th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................90 ........4.28th pillar: Financial market development.........................80 ........4.09th pillar: Technological readiness.................................136 ........2.510th pillar: Market size......................................................132 ........1.9




Corruption.......................................................................13.0



Tax rates ...........................................................................6.8


Inflation .............................................................................5.8


Tax regulations ................................................................5.4


Crime and theft ................................................................5.1





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Innovationdriven

3


Swaziland Economies in transition from 1 to 2

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa



183

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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.7 ............54








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................5.1 ............39

















4.04 Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* ...........1,227.2 ..........139






































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.0 ..........137



































Swaziland



TanzaniaKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers........................................................114 ........3.45th pillar: Higher education and training .......................133 ........2.56th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................108 ........3.87th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................77 ........4.38th pillar: Financial market development.........................90 ........4.09th pillar: Technological readiness.................................131 ........2.610th pillar: Market size........................................................81 ........3.4



Corruption.......................................................................17.4



Tax rates ...........................................................................9.0

Tax regulations ................................................................7.9

Crime and theft ................................................................6.3


Inflation .............................................................................6.0









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Innovationdriven

3


Tanzania Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa


185

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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.3 ............69








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.9 ..........104























































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.1 ............83



































Tanzania



TunisiaKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers..........................................................50 ........4.35th pillar: Higher education and training .........................30 ........4.96th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................33 ........4.77th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................79 ........4.38th pillar: Financial market development.........................58 ........4.39th pillar: Technological readiness...................................55 ........3.910th pillar: Market size........................................................67 ........3.7










Tax rates ...........................................................................7.9

Tax regulations ................................................................7.8

Inflation .............................................................................4.4

Corruption.........................................................................3.0



Crime and theft ................................................................0.2


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Efficiencydriven

Innovationdriven

3


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Tunisia Middle East and North Africa

Tunisia Efficiency-driven economies



187

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1.08 Wastefulness of government spending ................5.3 ..............5






1.14 Business costs of crime and violence...................6.4 ..............5

1.15 Organized crime.....................................................6.6 ............17








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................5.1 ............37



























5.04 Quality of math and science education .................5.6 ..............8

















6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI ...........................5.8 ..............6











7.08 Brain drain..............................................................4.1 ............42

































12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers..................5.6 ..............7


Tunisia



UgandaKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers........................................................102 ........3.65th pillar: Higher education and training .......................127 ........2.86th pillar: Goods market efficiency.................................117 ........3.77th pillar: Labor market efficiency ....................................27 ........4.88th pillar: Financial market development.........................72 ........4.19th pillar: Technological readiness.................................112 ........2.910th pillar: Market size........................................................92 ........3.1



Corruption.......................................................................21.9



Tax rates ...........................................................................8.9



Inflation .............................................................................6.3


Tax regulations ................................................................4.4

Crime and theft ................................................................3.1







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Efficiencydriven

Innovationdriven

3


Uganda Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa


189

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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................4.7 ..........100








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.7 ..........119

















































7.02 Flexibility of wage determination...........................6.1 ..............4

7.03 Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)*......0.0 ..............1

7.04 Hiring and firing practices......................................5.2 ..............7




7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.7 ..........100



































Uganda



ZambiaKey indicators, 2009








Efficiency enhancers........................................................101 ........3.65th pillar: Higher education and training .......................114 ........3.26th pillar: Goods market efficiency...................................65 ........4.27th pillar: Labor market efficiency ..................................107 ........4.08th pillar: Financial market development.........................49 ........4.59th pillar: Technological readiness.................................110 ........2.910th pillar: Market size......................................................111 ........2.6




Corruption.......................................................................14.6


Tax rates ...........................................................................8.9


Inflation .............................................................................7.2


Tax regulations ................................................................6.2

Crime and theft ................................................................3.9








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Efficiencydriven

Innovationdriven

3


Zambia Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa


191

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1.15 Organized crime.....................................................5.4 ............64








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................2.8 ..........110





































6.05 Total tax rate, % profits*.....................................16.1 ..............9


















7.08 Brain drain..............................................................3.1 ............81










8.09 Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* ............................9.0 ..............6

























Zambia



ZimbabweKey indicators, 2009
















Corruption.........................................................................6.4


Crime and theft ................................................................2.8


Tax rates ...........................................................................1.7

Tax regulations ................................................................1.3




Inflation .............................................................................0.0


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0 5 10 15 20 25 30




2 –3

Factordriven

Efficiencydriven

Innovationdriven

3


Zimbabwe Factor-driven economies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20082006

Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa


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1.13 Business costs of terrorism...................................6.6 ..............9


1.15 Organized crime.....................................................6.1 ............33








2.02 Quality of roads .....................................................3.2 ............94










3.03 Inflation, annual % change* .................................-7.7 ..............1


3.05 Government debt, % GDP* ..............................162.5 ..........136

3.06 Country credit rating, 0–100 (worst)*....................6.7 ..........138










































7.08 Brain drain..............................................................2.4 ..........121



































Zimbabwe




Part 3 - Competitiveness Profiles · 2019. 6. 29. · The Competitiveness Profiles section of The Africa Competitiveness Report 2011presents details of the per- formance in the Global

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