Part 2 Escra

7/23/2019 Part 2 Escra

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187

Aguja vs. Government Servie !nsurane S"stem

G.#. $o. 8%8%&. August 5, 1991.'

()SUS *. AGU(A, +etitioner, vs. GOV)#$)$T S)#V!-) !$SU#A$-) SST),et a/., res+onents.

Laor La3 )m+/o"ees4 -om+ensation3 or6onnete injur"3 Te injur"

ause on te /et e"e o +etitioner is onsiere as or6onnete,ene, om+ensa/e.:-/ear/", rom te aove ;nings, te +etitioner4s /ete"e is inee graua//" /osing vision. Te /et e"e as oun to e urnei on/" goes to so tat te +resent onition an e trae a6 tote aient i ourre in A+ri/, 1979 an no


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>)T!T!O$ or revie rom te eision o te )m+/o"ees4 -om+ensation-ommission.

Te ats are state in te o+inion o te -ourt.

Arie/ J. Aguirre, #oerto . au/a" an -esar #. Via/ or

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res+onent GS!S.

GUT!)##)K, (#., (.

Te +etitioner, as a +au+er /itigant see6s te revie o te )m+/o"ees4-om+ensation -ommission )--E eision ate $ovemer 10, 1987en"ing is /aim or aitiona/ ene;ts uner >.*. &2&, as amene onaount o is e"e injur".

(esus *. Aguja or6e as a janitor in te Oe o te unii+a/ Treasurer inLimanan, -amarines Sur. i/e e as /eaning te oe toi/et sometimein A+ri/, 1979, te ott/e o muriati ai e as using suen/" e// to teMoor, ausing te ontents to s+/as a// over. Some o te ai it te

+etitioner4s rigt e"e i ause graua/ /oss o vision, ;na//"u/minating in /inness. Te +etitioner4s /et e"e as not /ine, ut itontrate ?+ter"gium nasa/ sie it visions o 20N%0@, +er erti;ation o*r. *e/;n . #osa/es, an e"e, earn, nose an troat ))$TE s+eia/ist in$aga -it" ausing a isturane o vision. $otitstaning is /inness onte rigt e"e, te +etitioner ontinue to or6 ut retire ;na//" rom

servie on Jeruar" 2&, 1982.

On te asis o te aient in 1979, te +etitioner /aime orom+ensation ene;t it te GS!S. =e as aare tem+orar" tota/isai/it" ene;ts rom Se+temer 5 to 29, 1979 an as tereatergrante +ermanent +artia/ isai/it" ene;t or a +erio o tent" ;ve 25Emonts.

Ater reei+t o te orres+oning monetar" ene;ts rom te S"stem, te+etitioner as6e or aitiona/ ene;ts on te groun o +ermanent tota/isai/it" uner >* &2&, /aiming tat e as a/so graua//" /osing vision o

is /et e"e. Tis as enie " te GS!S on te groun tat e a a/rea"+revious/" reeive te maimum i ou/ e aare to im unerte /a. Jurtermore, te onition o is /et e"e i a//ege/" anorma/ vision i not satis" te riteria or a grant o +ermanent tota/isai/it" ene;ts.

Te +etitioner ten e/evate is ase to te )-- i /ater arme teeision o te GS!S on $ovemer 10, 1988. Te +etitioner as oevernoti;e o su eision on/" on (anuar" 8, 1989E.

Unaare o te enia/ o is /aim, te +etitioner sougt te

190

190


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SU>#)) -OU#T #)>O#TS A$$OTAT)*


e/+ o tis -ourt +ra"ing or te aitiona/ ene;ts.

-onsePuent/", in a reso/ution ate Jeruar" 10, 1988, te -ourt eniete +etition or eing +remature ut at te same time irete te )-- toat s+eei/" on te /aim +ening it it.

Later, te +etitioner move or a reonsieration o te -ourt4s reso/utionattaing to it te eision o te )--.

Tus, on (une 15, 1988, te -ourt reso/ve to reonsier its Jeruar" 10,1988 reso/ution an revive te ase. Te res+onents, )-- an GS!S ererePuire to ;/e teir omments.

On Se+temer 15, 1990, te -ourt issue anoter reso/ution, te +ertinent+ortion o i reas as o//os

?-onsiering te oregoing, te -ourt #eso/ve to rePuire +etitioner Agujato sumit satisator" meia/ +roo on te onition o is /et e"e aneter te same is sti// a+a/e o treatment an to at etent. Sine e

is a +au+er /itigant o annot even aFor te servies o a /a"er, e ma"go to te nearest government os+ita/ i as a om+etent e"e otor,+resent a o+" o tis -ourt4s reso/ution, an rePuest or te neessar"meia/ erti;ate.@ #o//o, +. 95E

!n a /ater reso/ution ate $ovemer 2&, 1990, te -ourt irete te>u/i Attorne"4s Oe >AOE to assist te +etitioner in tis ase s+ei;a//"in otaining te rePuire meia/ erti;ate it res+et to te onition ote +etitioner4s /et e"e neessar" or te reso/ution o te /aim.

Te issue no eore te -ourt is eter or not te +etitioner is entit/eto te aitiona/ om+ensation +ra"e or.

>etitioner Aguja is /aiming or aitiona/ ene;ts eause ?is /et e"e it>T)#G!U is s/o/" an graua//" /osing sigt. As o no, e an notreogniBe +eo+/e e"on one 1E meter. !t is +ossi/e e ma" a/so tota//"/ose is vision.@

To e entit/e to an inome ene;t or +ermanent tota/ isai/it", teo//oing onitions must e satis;e

?Setion 1. -onition o entit/ement. aE An em+/o"ee sa// e entit/e to aninome ene;t or +ermanent tota/ isai/it" i a// o te o//oingonitions are satis;e

1E =e as een u/" re+orte to te S"stem3

2E =e sustains te +ermanent tota/ isai/it" as a resu/t o te

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injur" or si6ness3 an


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CE Te S"stem as een u/" noti;e o te injur" or si6ness iause is isai/it". Se. 1aE #u/e Q!, Amene #u/es on )m+/o"ees4-om+ensationE

Te +u/i res+onents enie te +etitioner4s /aim on te asis o te1985 ;ning tat on/" te rigt e"e as /in at te time i/e te /et e"eas not. Te res+onents ru/e tat te +etitioner is not Pua/i;e or+ermanent tota/ isai/it" ene;ts ut on/" +ermanent +artia/ isai/it"i te +etitioner as a/rea" reeive.

!t must e stresse tat te +etitioner is /aiming or aitiona/ ene;tseause o te graua/ /oss o vision o is /et e"e i te +u/ires+onents never onsiere an"more in eva/uating is /aim. Jrom tereors o te ase, tere is suient asis or granting te +etition.

Te meia/ erti;ate sumitte to tis -ourt it res+et to te onitiono te +etitioner4s /et e"e revea/s te o//oing resu/ts

:-ATA#A-T !ATU#) O.S.

:O--LUS!O>U>!LLA) O.*. !T= !#!*O*!ALS!S O.*. S)-O$*A#-=)!-AL DU#$S

:>T)#G!U #o//o, +. 115E

eia/ autorities is/ose tat

-ATA#A-T !ATU#):is an o+ait" o te r"sta//ine e"e /ens or o itsa+su/e. *O#LA$*, !//ustrate eia/ *itionar", 2%t )ition, 19&5E

:an" atarat in te eginning stages, or one i aFets on/" a +art ote /ens or its overing.

ALO, eia/ *itionar" or La"ers, 2n eition, 1951E.

O--LUS!O:>U>!LLA):is te /osure o te o+ening in te iris o te e"e "

ormation o an o+aPue memrane.

!#!*O*!ALS!S:is te se+aration or /oosening o te iris rom itsattament.

>T)#G!U:a triangu/ar Mes" mass o ti6ene onjuntiva ourringusua//" at te inner sie o te e"ea//, overing +art o te ornea anausing a isturane o vision. *or/an, !//ustrate eia/ *itionar",2%t eition, 19&5E

192

192



-/ear/", rom te aove ;nings, te +etitioner4s /et e"e is ineegraua//" /osing vision. Te /et e"e as oun to e urne i on/"goes to so tat te +resent onition an e trae a6 to te aienti ourre in A+ri/, 1979 an no oter. Tere is no soing tat tereas an" su+ervening event i ma" ave ause te /inness o te/et e"e. Unenia/", te injur" as ause " te s+/asing o muriatiai i/e te janitor as /eaning te government ui/ing4s toi/et. Tisaient not on/" /ine te rigt e"e ut a/so ?om+romise@ te /ete"e. Aoring to te meia/ erti;ate issue in 1985, a +ter"gium as


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a/rea" groing on te nasa/ sie o te /et e"e. !n su a ase, te injur"ause on te /et e"e is onsiere as or6onnete3 ene,om+ensa/e.

Te at tat te aggravation ourre ater te +etitioner4s retirementoes not mi/itate against is /aim or aitiona/ ene;ts. Tere is noPuestion tat te +roimate ause o te a++arent ut graua/ /oss o visiono te /et e"e as te aienta/ a// o te ott/e o muriati ai. Te+resene o seonar" emia/ urns on te /et e"e as state in temeia/ erti;ate uttresses te assum+tion tat te injur" o te /et e"eas a/so ause " te aient in 1979. Te ausa/ onnetion eteente resu/ting isai/it" an te +etitioner4s or6 is e"on avi/. !nDe/armino v. )--, 185 S-#A C0% H1990I, e state tat

? ere te +rimar" injur" is son to ave arisen in te ourse oem+/o"ment, ever" natura/ onsePuene tat Mos rom te injur" /i6eisearises out o te em+/o"ment, un/ess it is te resu/t o an ine+enent

intervening ause attriuta/e to /aimant4s on neg/igene or misonut! Larson or6men4s -om+ensation La C279 H1972I. Sim+/" state, a// temeia/ onsePuenes an sePue/s tat Mo rom te +rimar" injur" areom+ensa/e. !i.E@

A +erson4s isai/it" migt not emerge at one +reise moment in time utrater over a +erio o time See (imeneB v. )--, G.#. $o. 7919C,$ovemer 28, 1989, )n Dan inute #eso/utionE. !t is +ossi/e tat an injur"i at ;rst as onsiere to e tem+orar" ma" /ater on eome+ermanent or one o suFers a +artia/ isai/it" eomes tota//" an+ermanent/" isa/e rom te same ause as in te ase at ar.Unortunate/", te +etitioner4s +ermanent isai/it" as urter ete

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riorate aFeting a/so te vision o is /et e"e. Te aggravation o

+etitioner4s onition arose rom te same injur" or isai/it". Te +etitioneras om+e//e to retire rom or6 on aount o te /inness o is rigte"e. it te graua/ /oss o vision o is /et e"e, it ou/ even e moreiu/t, i not im+ossi/e or te +etitioner to e gainu//" em+/o"e no.As state in numerous ases, ?tota/ isai/it" oes not mean a state oaso/ute e/+/essness, ut isa/ement o an em+/o"ee to earn ages inte same 6in o or6 or a or6 o simi/ar nature, tat e as traine or oraustome to +erorm, or an" 6in o or6 i a +erson o is menta/it"an attaments ou/ o. Aa"a v. )--, 17& S-#A 507 H1989I3 Or/ino v.)--, G.#. $o. 85015, ar 29, 1990 )n Dan inute #eso/ution, are/inov. Seven U+ Dott/ing -o., %7 S-#A C%C H1972I3 Lanio v. -- an-an/uang Sugar )state, 89 S-#A 1%7 H1979IE To en" te +etitioner, teene;ts +ra"e or ou/ ertain/" e ontrar" to te /iera/ anom+assionate s+irit o te /a as emoie in Arti/e % o te $e Laor

-oe LaBo v. )--, 18& S-#A 5&9 H1990I.

e o/, tereore, tat te +etitioner is entit/e to a onversion o isisai/it" ene;ts rom +ermanent +artia/ to +ermanent tota/. Teom+ensation ene;ts sa// e etermine in aorane it Setion 5, o#u/e Q! o te Amene #u/es on )m+/o"ment4s -om+ensation +roviing aso//os

?Jor ontingenies i ourre eore a" 1, 1979, te /imitation o>12,000 or 5 "ears, iever omes ;rst, sa// e enore.@

Sine te +etitioner as a/rea" reeive inome ene;ts uner +ermanent+artia/ isai/it" te +u/i res+onent sa// +a" on/" te iFereneeteen te to.

=)#)JO#), te +etition is G#A$T)*. Te )m+/o"ees4 -om+ensation-ommission eision ate $ovemer 10, 1988 is S)T AS!*) an#)V)#S)*. Te res+onents are orere to +a" om+ensation ene;ts asstate aove.


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SO O#*)#)*.

Jernan -.(., -airmanE, Je/iiano, Diin an *avie, (r., ((., onur.

19%

19%


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179

-ena vs. -ivi/ Servie -ommission

G.#. $o. 97%19. (u/" C, 1992.'

GAU*)$-!O T. -)$A, +etitioner, vs. T=) -!V!L S)#V!-) -O!SS!O$ anT=) =O$. >AT#!-!A A. STO. TOAS, in er a+ait" as -airman o te -ivi/Servie -ommission, res+onents.

>u/i Oers3 #etirement La3 -ivi/ Servie La3 GS!S3 Governmentem+/o"ee o as reae om+u/sor" retirement age ut o as /esstan 15 "ears servie an ontinue to serve te government even e"onone "ear.:Deing remeia/ in arater, a statute reating a +ension or

esta/ising retirement +/an sou/ e /iera//" onstrue an aministerein avor o te +ersons intene to e ene;te tere". Te /iera/a++roa aims to aieve te umanitarian +ur+oses o te /a in orertat te eien", seurit" an e//eing o government em+/o"ees ma"e enane Dautista vs. Auitor Genera/, 10% >i/. %283 OrtiB vs.-ommission on )/etions, G.#. $o. L78957, (une 28, 1988, 1&2 S-#A 812E.

Same3 Same3 Same3 Same.:!n reso/ving te Puestion eter or not toa//o a om+u/sor" retiree to ontinue in te servie to om+/ete te 15"ear servie, tere must e +resent an essentia/ ator eore ana++/iation uner Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*. 11%& ma" e grante " teem+/o"er or government oe onerne. !n te ase o oia/s o te

(uiiar", te -ourt a//os a ma6ing u+ or om+ensating or /a6 o rePuireage or servie on/" i satis;e tat te areer o te retiree as mar6e "om+etene, integrit", an eiation to te +u/i servie #e Gregorio>inea, su+raE. !t must e so in te instant ase.

Same3 Same3 Same3 Statute3 Aministrative La3 An aministrative iru/aro te -ivi/ Servie -ommission annot /imit te governing retirement /a,>.*. 11%&, on etension o servie o em+/o"ees o rea age &5.:Tegoverning retirement /a in te instant ase is >.*. 11%& oterise 6nonas te ?#evise Government Servie !nsurane At o 1977.@ Te ru/e on/imiting to on/" one 1E "ear te etension o servie o an em+/o"ee oas reae te om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears, ut as /ess tan15 "ears o servie uner -ivi/ Servie emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27 s.1990, annot /i6eise e aore va/iit" eause it as no re/ation to oronnetion it an"


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+rovision o >.*. 11%& su++ose to e arrie into eFet. Te ru/e as anaition to or etension o te /a, not mere/" a moe o arr"ing it intoeFet. Te -ivi/ Servie -ommission as no +oer to su++/" +ereiveomissions in >.*. 11%&.

Same3 Same3 Same3 )m+/o"ee, age &5 it on/" 11 "ears servie, ma" o+tto ontinue in government to om+/ete 15"ear servie rePuirement or o/age /ie +ension at 100R o sa/ar".:Setion 12 +ar. E o >.*. 11%& oesnot a++/" to te ase o erein +etitioner -ena, eause e o+te toontinue in te servie to om+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement+ursuant to Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*. 11%&. Te om+/etion o te 15"earservie rePuirement uner Setion 11 +ar. E +arta6es te nature o a+rivi/ege given to an em+/o"ee o as reae te om+u/sor" retirementage o &5 "ears, ut as /ess tan 15 "ears o servie. ! sai em+/o"eeo+te to avai/ o sai +rivi/ege, e is entit/e to te ene;ts o te o/age+ension. On te oter an, i te sai em+/o"ee o+te to retire u+onreaing te om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears a/toug e as /esstan 15 "ears o servie, e is entit/e to te ene;ts +rovie or unerSetion 12 o >.*. 11%&, i.e. a as ePuiva/ent to 100R o is averagemont/" om+ensation or ever" "ear o servie.

Same3 Same3 Same3 a/aaang -iru/ar $o. &5 ate (une 1%, 1988

a++/ies on/" to em+/o"ees age &5 o ave renere 15"ear servieose servies are sougt to e etene.:Jina//", in vie o te aoresairigt aore uner Setion 11, +ar. E o >.*. 11%&, +etitioner -enasou/ not e overe " emoranum -iru/ar $o. &5 issue " ten)eutive Seretar" -ata/ino aaraig on (une 1%, 1988. emoranum-iru/ar $o. &5 a//oing retention o servie or on/" si &E monts or?etreme/" meritorious reasons@ sou/ a++/" on/" to em+/o"ees or oia/so ave reae te om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears ut o, atte same time, ave om+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement orretirement +ur+oses. !t sou/ not a++/" to em+/o"ees or oia/s o avereae te om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears, ut o o+te to avai/o te o/age +ension uner +ar. E, Setion 11 o >.*. 11%&, in i

ase, te" are a//oe, at te isretion o te agen" onerne, toom+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement.

>A*!LLA, (., -onurring

#etirement La3 An em+/o"ee ma" ontinue itout +rior a++rova/ to servegovernment to om+/ete 15"ear rePuirement even e"on age &5.:Areaing o te ite +rovision o /a i reas as

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o//os ou/ iniate, in m" o+inion, tat te government em+/o"eeo as reae sit";ve &5E "ears o age ut as renere /ess tan;teen 15E "ears o servie, as T=) #!G=T to ontinue in te servie toom+/ete ;teen 15E "ears, an tat te government oe or agen"

ere e is em+/o"e annot ut a//o te eerise o su rigt o tesujet em+/o"ee.

G#!OAU!$O, (., *issenting

#etirement La3 >.*. 11%& ontem+/ates on/" te situation ere anem+/o"ee as serve more tan 1%, ut /ess tan 15, "ears en ereaes age &5.:! e/ieve tat Setion 11, +aragra+ E o >.*. 11%&ontem+/ates a orer/ine situation ere a om+u/sor" retiree on is &5t


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irta" as om+/ete more tan 1%, ut /ess tan 15, "ears ogovernment servie, or a e monts sort o te 15"ear rePuirementi ou/ ena/e im to o//et an o/age +ension. >ursuant to teene;ent ojetives o our retirement /as, sai retiree ma" e grantean etension o not more tan one "ear to ena/e im to om+/ete 15 "earso government servie an reeive u// retirement ene;ts in/uing o/age

+ension i, oterise, e ou/ not e entit/e to reeive. Suetension i// ena/e im to retireater is &5t irta", ut eore eattains && "ears o age, ene, sti// itin te manator" retirement age o&5 "ears ;e " /a, or as a matter o at, one is &5 "ears o/ u+onreaing is &5t irta" unti/ te eve o is &&t.

Same3 Tere is no +oint to grant -ena a one"ear etension eause eannot a/so om+/ete te 15"ear rePuirement..*. 11%& is asur.:oreover,

to inter+ret te /a as meaning tat te age /imit an te ;teen"ear/engt o servie sou/ onur eore a government em+/o"ee is a//oete o/age +ension ma" e// give rise to a situation erein a +erson oenters government servie a "ear eore reaing age sit";ve ou/ave to ait unti/ e is sevent"nine "ears o/ to e entit/e to te o/age+ension +rovie or in >.*. $o. 11%&, i is an asurit". =ene, to givesustane to te rea/ signi;ation o te /a, te +roviso in Se. 11 Ei states tat a government em+/o"ee o as ?/ess tan ;teen "earso servie, sa// e a//oe to ontinue in te servie to om+/ete te;teen "ears,@ sou/ ontem+/ate a situation erein te em+/o"ee ason/" aminima/ +erio o time /et to om+/ete te ;teen"ear +erio. attis minima/ +erio is, te -ivi/ Servie -ommission as orret/" e/areto e ?not eeeing one "ear.@ Oterise, te government ma" e// esa/e it a or+s o ivi/ servants tat ma" e regare gra+ia//" as

/iai/ities instea o assets.

Same3 ajorit"4s o+inion tat sine te Su+reme -ourt as a//oeSu+reme -ourt (usties an ourt em+/o"ees te rigt to om+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement or o/age +ension /oses sigt o at tat -ena isit te )eutive *e+artment an sujet to its aministrative ru/es.:Te+onenia +roFers te argument tat sine te -ourt as a//oe teoia/s an em+/o"ees o te (uiiar" o ave reae te om+u/sor"age o retirement ut /a6e te ;teen"ear servie rePuirement toontinue or6ing unti/ te" om+/ete sai +erio, tere is ?no ogentreason to ru/e oterise in te ase o orinar" em+/o"ees o te )eutiveDran as in te ase o +etitioner -ena@. Dut tere is a ogent reason.

>etitioner Gauenio T. -ena, eing an em+/o"ee o te Lan #egistrationAutorit" uner te *e+artment o (ustie, a//s uner te )eutive*e+artment. Aoring/", emoranum -iru/ar $o. &5 Puote in te aove+reeing +aragra+ i a//os a retention or etension o on/" simonts an tis, on/" or ?etreme/" meritorious reasons@ sou/ ea++/ia/e to is ase.

>)T!T!O$ or revie on ertiorari o te eision o te -ivi/ Servie-ommission.


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>ros+ero A. -resini or +etitioner.

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18C


)*!AL*)A, (.

a" a government em+/o"ee o as reae te om+u/sor" retirementage o &5 "ears, ut o as renere 11 "ears, 9 monts an & a"s ogovernment servie, e a//oe to ontinue in te servie to om+/ete te15"ear servie rePuirement to ena/e im to retire it te ene;ts o ano/age +ension uner Setion 11 +ar. E o te #evise GovernmentServie !nsurane At o 1977 Tis is te issue raise eore tis -ourt "+etitioner Gauenio T. -ena, a #egistrar o te #egister o *ees o

a/aon, etro ani/a.

Te ats are not is+ute.

>etitioner Gauenio T. -ena entere te government servie on $ovemer1&, 1978 as Lega/ Oer !! o te La *e+artment o -a/ooan -it" eree sta"e or seven 7E "ears unti/ is transer on $ovemer 1&, 198& tote Oe o te -ongressman o te Jirst *istrit o -a/ooan -it" ere

e or6e or on/" tree CE monts, or unti/ Jeruar" 15, 1987, asSu+ervising StaF Oer.

On (u/" 1&, 1987, e as a++ointe as #egistrar o te #egister o *ees oa/aon, etro ani/a, te +osition e e/ at te time e reae te

om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears on (anuar" 22, 1991. D" ten, eou/ ave renere a tota/ government servie o 11 "ears, 9 monts an& a"s. Deore reaing is &5t irta", e rePueste te Seretar" o

(ustie, troug Aministrator Teooro G. Doniaio o te Lan #egistrationAutorit" L#AE, tat e e a//oe to eten is servie to om+/ete te15"ear servie rePuirement to ena/e im to retire it u// ene;ts o o/age +ension uner Setion 11, +ar. E o >.*. 11%&.

Te L#A Aministrator, or is +art, sougt a ru/ing rom te -ivi/ Servie-ommission eter or not to a//o te etension o servie o +etitioner-ena as e is overe " -ivi/ Servie emoranum $o. 27, series 1990. !nis 2n !norsement ate August &, 1990, te L#A Aministrator oserve

tat i +etitioner4s servie as o (anuar" 22, 1991 o 10 "ears, & monts an& a"s sou/ e 11 "ears, 9 monts an & a"sE ou/ e etene to 15"ears, e ou/ ave to retire on A+ri/ 15, 199% at te age o &8 "ears.

On (u/" C1, 1990, te -ivi/ Servie -ommission enie +eti

18%

18%




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tioner -ena4s rePuest or etension o servie in its -S- #eso/ution $o. 90&81, e/aring terein, tat r. -ena sa// e onsiere retire rom teservie on (anuar" 22, 1991, te ate en e sa// rea te om+u/sor"retirement age o sit";ve &5E "ears, un/ess is retention or anoter "earis sougt " te ea o oe uner -ivi/ Servie emoranum -iru/ar$o. 27, s. 1990.

>etitioner -ena ;/e a motion or reonsieration. On Otoer 17, 1990, te-ivi/ Servie -ommission set asie its -S- #eso/ution $o. 90&81 ana//oe Gauenio -ena a one"ear etension o is servie rom (anuar"22, 1991 to (anuar" 22, 1992, iting -S- emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27,series o 1990, te +ertinent o i reas

?1. An" rePuest or te etension o servie o om+u/sor" retirees toom+/ete te ;teen 15E "ears servie rePuirement or retirement sa// ea//oe on/" to +ermanent a++ointees in te areer servie o are regu/armemers o te Government Servie !nsurane S"stem GS!SE, an sa// e

grante or a +erio not eeeing one 12E "ear.@

On (anuar" 22, 1991, +etitioner4s seon motion or reonsieration asenie in its -S- #eso/ution $o. 91101.

=ene, te instant +etition or revie on ertiorari a//eging tat te -ivi/Servie -ommission ommitte a grave ause o isretion en it grantete etension o +etitioner4s servie as #egistrar o *ees o a/aon,etro ani/a, or a +erio o on/" one 1E "ear +ursuant to -S-emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27, Series o 1990, instea o tree CE "ears antree CE monts to om+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement or is

retirement it u// ene;ts as +rovie uner Setion 11, +ar. E o>resientia/ *eree $o. 11%&, oterise 6non as te #evise GovernmentServie !nsurane At o 1977.

>etitioner ontens tat re/iane o te -ommission on +ar. 1E oemoranum -iru/ar $o. 27 a//oing an etension o servie o aom+u/sor" retiree or a +erio not eeeing one 1E "ear is oterroneous an ontrar" to te ?enevo/ent an muni;ent intentions@ oSetion 11 o >.*. 11%&. >etitioner +oints out tat +ar. E, Setion 11 o >.*.

$o. 11%& oes not /imit nor s+ei" te maimum numer o "ears teretiree ma"

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avai/ o to om+/ete te 15 "ears o servie.

Te So/iitorGenera/ agrees it +etitioner -ena. =e argues tat tePuestione +rovision eing genera//" ore, Setion 11 +ar. E, >.*. 11%&as genera/ a++/iation, tus res+onent -S- as no autorit" to /imittroug -S- emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27 te +rivi/ege uner sai setionto government em+/o"ees o /a6 just one "ear to om+/ete te 15"earservie rePuirement.

Te -ivi/ Servie -ommission, oever, ontens tat sine +u/i

res+onent -S- is te entra/ +ersonne/ agen" o te government, it isveste it te +oer an autorit", among oters, to grant or a//oetension o servie e"on retirement age +ursuant to Setion 1% +ar.1%E, -a+ter C, Sutit/e A, Tit/e !, Doo6 V o )eutive Orer $o. 292Aministrative -oe o 1987E. !n inter+reting Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*.11%&, +u/i res+onent -S- ontens tat te +rase ?>rovie, Tat i eas /ess tan ;teen "ears o servie, e sa// e a//oe to ontinue in teservie to om+/ete te ;teen "ears@, is Pua/i;e " te /ause ?Un/esste servie is etene " a++ro+riate autorities,@ i means tat teetension o servie must e ;rst autoriBe " te -ommission, as tea++ro+riate autorit" reerre to in Setion 11, +ar. E, >.*. 11%&, eore


11/52

te servie o a om+u/sor" retiree one o as a/rea" reae age o &5"ears it at /east 15 "ears o servieE an e etene.

e grant te +etition.

Setion 12, +ar. 1%E, -a+ter C, Sutit/e A, Tit/e !, Doo6 V o teAministrative -oe o 1987 $ovemer 2%, 1987E annot e inter+rete toautoriBe te -ivi/ Servie -ommission to /imit to on/" one 1E "ear teetension o servie o an em+/o"ee o as reae te om+u/sor"retirement age o &5 itout aving om+/ete 15 "ears o servie, ensai /imitation as no re/ation to or onnetion it te +rovision o te /asu++ose to e arrie into eFet.

Setion 12, +ar. 1%E, -a+ter C, Sutit/e A, Tit/e !, Doo6 V o teAministrative -oe o 1987 +rovies tus

?S)-.12. >oers an Juntions.


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ou/e +ur+ose 1E to entie om+etent men an omen to enter tegovernment servie, an 2E +ermit tem to retire rom te servie itre/ative seurit", not on/" or tose o ave retaine teir vigor, ut moreso or tose o ave een ina+aitate " i//ness or aient.

e ave a++/ie te /iera/ a++roa in inter+reting statutes reating+ension or esta/ising retirement +/ans in ases invo/ving oia/s o te

(uiiar" o /a6e te age an

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servie rePuirement or retirement. e see no ogent reason to ru/eoterise in te ase o orinar" em+/o"ees o te )eutive Dran, as inte ase o +etitioner -ena, o as reae &5 ut o+te to avai/ o testatutor" +rivi/ege uner Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*. 11%& to ontinue in teservie to om+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement in orer to avai/ o o/age +ension.

!n #e A++/iation or Gratuit" Dene;ts o Assoiate (ustie )ren !. >/ana,Am. atter $o. 5%&0, )n Dan #eso/ution, ar 2%, 1988, te -ourt,a++/"ing te /iera/ a++roa, ru/e tat (ustie >/ana, o at te time ois ourtes" resignation on ar 25, 198& /a6e a e monts to meette age rePuirement or retirement uner te /a, is entit/e to u//retirement ene;ts uner #.A. 910 eause is arue /eave reits ou/ave entit/e im to go on /eave unti/ e"on te age rePuirement orretirement.

Te aove ru/ing o te -ourt as reiterate in #e A++/iation or#etirement uner #e+. At $o. 910 o Assoiate (ustie #amon D. Dritanioo te !ntermeiate A++e//ate -ourt, Am. atter $o. &%8%:#et., a" 15,1989. D" /iera//" inter+reting Setion C o #.A. 910, as amene, in avoro te +ersons intene to e ene;te " tem, te -ourt a/so a//oe teonversion o te a++/iation or isai/it" retirement o (ustie #u+ertoartin uner sai Setion C o #.A. 910, as amene 10"ear /um+ sumitout te /ietime annuit"E into an a++/iation or vo/untar" retirementuner Setion 1 5"ear /um+ sum it /ietime annuit"E e/even "ears ateris isai/it" retirement as a++rove on (anuar" 10, 1978 !n #eA++/iation or Lie >ension uner #e+. At 910. #u+erto G. artin,a++/iant, 187 S-#A %77E. Te ten"ear /um+ sum i e a reeiveas onsiere " te -ourt as +a"ment uner Setion 1 o te ;ve"ear/um+ sum, to i e as entit/e, an o is mont/" +ensions or tenet ;ve "ears.

=oever, te -ourt +ointe out in #e Gregorio G. >inea, Am. atter $o.

207)T., (u/" 1C, 1990, an its si &E om+anion ases, 187 S-#A %&9,tat en te -ourt a//os seeming ee+tions to ;e ru/es or ertainretire (uges or (usties, tere are am+/e reasons ein ea grant o anee+tion. Te reiting o aumu/ate /eaves to ma6e u+ or /a6 orePuire age or /engt o servie is not one inisriminate/". !t is a/a"s ona ase to ase asis.

188

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Tere is tus no justi;a/e reason in not a//oing orinar" em+/o"ees in te)eutive Dran on a ase to ase asis, to ontinue in te servie toom+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement to avai/ o te o/age +ensionuner Setion 11 o >.*. 11%&. D" /imiting te etension o servie to on/"one 1E "ear ou/ eeat te ene;ia/ intenment o te retirement+rovisions o >.*. 11%&.

!n reso/ving te Puestion eter or not to a//o a om+u/sor" retiree toontinue in te servie to om+/ete te 15"ear servie, tere must e+resent an essentia/ ator eore an a++/iation uner Setion 11 +ar. Eo >.*. 11%& ma" e grante " te em+/o"er or government oeonerne. !n te ase o oia/s o te (uiiar", te -ourt a//os ama6ing u+ or om+ensating or /a6 o rePuire age or servie on/" isatis;e tat te areer o te retiree as mar6e " om+etene,integrit", an eiation to te +u/i servie #e Gregorio >inea, su+raE.!t must e so in te instant ase.

!t is interesting to note tat te +rase ?e sa// e a//oe to ontinue inte servie to om+/ete te ;teen "ears@ oun in Setion 11 E o >.*.11%& is a re+roution o te +rase in te origina/ tet oun in Setion 12eE o -ommonea/t At 18&, as amene, oterise 6non as te?Government Servie !nsurane At@ a++rove on $ovemer 1%, 19C&.

Tere is noting in te origina/ tet as e// as in te revise version iou/ serve as te asis or +roviing te a//oa/e etension +erio toon/" one 1E "ear. Tere is /i6eise no iniation tat Setion 11 +ar. E o>.*. 11%& ontem+/ates a orer/ine situation ere a om+u/sor" retireeon is &5t irta" as om+/ete more tan 1%, ut /ess tan 15 "ears ogovernment servie., i.e. on/" a e monts sort o te 15"earrePuirement i ou/ ena/e im to o//et an o/age +ension.

i/e it is true tat te Aministrative -oe o 1987 as given te -ivi/Servie -ommission te autorit" ?to ta6e a++ro+riate ation on a//a++ointments an oter +ersonne/ matters in te -ivi/ Servie in/uingetension o servie e"on retirement age@, te sai +rovision annot eetene to emrae matters not overe " te #evise GovernmentServie !nsurane At o 1977 Sto. Tomas vs. Doar o Ta A++ea/s, 9C >i/.C7&, C82, iting 12 -.(. 8%5%&E. Te autorit" reerre to terein is /imiteon/" to arr"ing into eFet at te s+eia/

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/a, #evise Government !nsurane At o 1977, or an" oter retirement/a eing invo6e +rovies. !t annot go e"on te terms an +rovisionso te asi /a.

Te -ivi/ Servie -ommission emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27 eing in tenature o an aministrative regu/ation, must e governe " te +rini+/etat aministrative regu/ations ao+te uner /egis/ative autorit" " a+artiu/ar e+artment must e in armon" it te +rovisions o te /a,an sou/ e or te so/e +ur+ose o arr"ing into eFet its genera/+rovisions >eo+/e vs. aeren, G.#. $o. LC21&&, Otoer 18, 1977, 79S-#A %503 Teoon v. emers o te Doar o Aministrators, L25&19, (uneC0, 1970, CC S-#A 5853 anue/ v. Genera/ Auiting Oe, L28952,*eemer 29, 1971, %2 S-#A &&03 *e/uao v. -astee/, L2190&, August 29,19&9, 29 S-#A C50E.

Te +ronounement o te -ourt in te ase o Augusto To/eo vs. -ivi/

Servie -ommission, et a/., G.#. $o. 92&%&%7, Otoer %, 1991, sPuare/"a++/ies in te instant ase. e e/are in te ase o To/eo tat te ru/e+roiiting 57"ear o/ +ersons rom em+/o"ment, reinstatement, or reem+/o"ment in te government servie +rovie uner Setion 22, #u/e !!!o te -ivi/ Servie #u/es on >ersonne/ Ations an >o/iies -S#>A>E annote aore va/iit", eause it is entire/" a reation o te -ivi/ Servie-ommission, aving no asis in te /a itse/, i it as meant toim+/ement an it annot e re/ate to or onnete it an" s+ei;+rovision o te /a i it is meant to arr" into eFet. Te -ourt,s+ea6ing tru (ustie )garo L. >aras, state, tus


14/52

?Te +oer veste in te -ivi/ Servie -ommission as to im+/ement te/a or +ut it into eFet, not to a to it3 to arr" te /a into eFet oreeution, not to su++/" +ereive omissions in it. WD" its aministrativeregu/ations, o ourse, te /a itse/ an not e etene3 sai regu/ationsannot amen an at o -ongress.4 Teoon v. emers o te Doar oAministrators, >i/i++ine Veterans Aministration, CC S-#A 585, 589

H1970I, iting Santos v. )stenBo, 109 >i/. %19 H19&0I3 see a/so, Animos v.>i/i++ine Veterans AFairs Oe, 17% S-#A 21%, 22C22% H1989I in turniting TeoonE.

?Te onsierations just e+oune a/so onue to te on/usion o teinva/iit" o Setion 22, #u/e !!! o te -S#>A>. Te enatment o saisetion, re/ative to 57"ear o/ +ersons, as a/so an at o su+ererogationon te +art o te -ivi/ Servie -ommission sine

190

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te ru/e as no re/ation to or onnetion it an" +rovision o te /asu++ose to e arrie into eFet. Te setion as an aition to oretension o te /a, not mere/" a moe o arr"ing it into eFet.@)m+asis su++/ieE

Te governing retirement /a in te instant ase is >.*. 11%& oterise6non as te ?#evise Government Servie !nsurane At o 1977.@ Teru/e on /imiting to on/" one 1E "ear te etension o servie o an em+/o"eeo as reae te om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears, ut as /esstan 15 "ears o servie uner -ivi/ Servie emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27 s.

1990, annot /i6eise e aore va/iit" eause it as no re/ation to oronnetion it an" +rovision o >.*. 11%& su++ose to e arrie intoeFet. Te ru/e as an aition to or etension o te /a, not mere/" amoe o arr"ing it into eFet. Te -ivi/ Servie -ommission as no +oerto su++/" +ereive omissions in >.*. 11%&.

As a matter o at, e ave /iera//" a++/ie Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*.11%& in to 2E reent ases ere e a//oe to em+/o"ees in te

(uiiar" o ave reae te age o &5 to ontinue in te governmentservie to om+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement to e entit/e to teene;ts uner >.*. 11%&.

!n a reso/ution ate (anuar" 2C, 1990 in A.. $o. 8771C29T-, ea//oe rs. J/orentina (. Doae, -/er6 o -ourt, unii+a/ Tria/ -ourt,*agami, Le"te, o at te time se reae te age o &5 "ears on Otoer1&, 1987 a on/" 10 "ears o government servie, to ontinue er serviesunti/ Otoer 10, 1992. Tus, se as given a +erio o 5 "ears, to

om+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement to e entit/e to te retirementene;ts uner Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*. 11%&. Te -ourt oserve tatrs. Doae is sti// +erorming er uties itout an" averse om+/aintsrom er su+erior an tat se is +"sia//" ;t or or6 +er re+ort o teeia/ -/ini.

Te -ourt, in a reso/ution ate A+ri/ 18, 1991, in A.. $o. 91C00CS-.#e#ePuest or te etension o servie o rs. -risanta T. Tiango, a//oers. -risanta T. Tiango, Duget Oer V, Duget *ivision, Jisa/anagement an Duget Oe o te Su+reme -ourt to ontinue erservies unti/ Jeruar" 10, 1995. Se as grante a +erio o C "ears, 10

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15/52


monts an 1C a"s eause se as to er reit on/" 11 "ears, 1 mont

an 17 a"s o government servie at te time se reae te age o &5on ar 29, 1991 in orer tat se e entit/e to te retirement ene;tsuner >.*. $o. 11%&.

!t is erroneous to a++/" to +etitioner -ena o as renere 11 "ears, 9monts an & a"s o government servie, Setion 12, +ar. E o >.*. 11%&i +rovies tat ?a memer o as renere at /east tree CE "earsut /ess tan 15 "ears o servie at te time o se+aration sa//, u+onse+aration ater age sit", reeive a as ePuiva/ent to 100R o isaverage mont/" om+ensation or ever" "ear o servie.@

Te a++/ia/e /a sou/ e Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*. 11%& i a//osim to eten is 11 "ears, 9 monts an & a"s to om+/ete te 15"earo servie onsistent it te ene;ia/ intenment o >.*. 11%& an irigt is sujet to te isretion o te government oe onerne.

Setion 12 +ar. E o >.*. 11%& oes not a++/" to te ase o erein -ena,eause e o+te to ontinue in te servie to om+/ete te 15"earservie rePuirement +ursuant to Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*. 11%&. Teom+/etion o te 15"ear servie rePuirement uner Setion 11 +ar. E+arta6es te nature o a +rivi/ege given to an em+/o"ee o as reaete om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears, ut as /ess tan 15 "ears oservie. ! sai em+/o"ee o+te to avai/ o sai +rivi/ege, e is entit/e to

te ene;ts o te o/age +ension. On te oter an, i te sai em+/o"eeo+te to retire u+on reaing te om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "earsa/toug e as /ess tan 15 "ears o servie, e is entit/e to te ene;ts+rovie or uner Setion 12 o >.*. 11%&, i.e. a as ePuiva/ent to 100Ro is average mont/" om+ensation or ever" "ear o servie.

Te rigt uner Setion 11, +ar. E is o+en to a// em+/o"ees simi/ar/"situate, so it oes not oFen te onstitutiona/ guarantee o ePua/+rotetion o te /a. Tere is noting asur or inePuita/e in rearing anem+/o"ee or om+/etion o te 15"ear servie e"on te retirement age.! e ou/ e etter oF tan te one o as serve or 1% "ears ut o

is se+arate rom te servie at te age o &%, it ou/ e on/" just an+ro+er as e ou/ ave or6e or te o/e +erio o 15 "ears asrePuire " /a or entit/ement o te o/age +ension. !nee, a /ongerservie sou/ merit a greater rear. Desies,

192

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is entit/ement to te o/age +ension is onitione u+on su om+/etion.Tus, i te servie is not om+/ete ue to eat or ina+ait", e ou/e entit/e to te ene;t uner Setion 12, +ar. E, i.e. a as ePuiva/entto 100R o is average mont/" om+ensation or ever" "ear o servie.

Jina//", in vie o te aoresai rigt aore uner Setion 11, +ar. E o>.*. 11%&, +etitioner -ena sou/ not e overe " emoranum -iru/ar$o. &5 issue " ten )eutive Seretar" -ata/ino aaraig on (une 1%,1988. emoranum -iru/ar $o. &5 a//oing retention o servie or on/" si&E monts or ?etreme/" meritorious reasons@ sou/ a++/" on/" toem+/o"ees or oia/s o ave reae te om+u/sor" retirement age o&5 "ears ut o, at te same time, ave om+/ete te 15"ear servierePuirement or retirement +ur+oses. !t sou/ not a++/" to em+/o"ees oroia/s o ave reae te om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears, uto o+te to avai/ o te o/age +ension uner +ar. E, Setion 11 o >.*.11%&, in i ase, te" are a//oe, at te isretion o te agen"onerne, to om+/ete te 15"ear servie rePuirement.

A--O#*!$GL, te +etition is grante. Te Lan #egistration Autorit"L#AE o te *e+arment o (ustie as te isretion to a//o +etitioner


16/52

Gauenio -ena to eten is 11 "ears, 9 monts an & a"s ogovernment servie to om+/ete te 15"ear servie so tat e ma" retireit u// ene;ts uner Setion 11 +ar. E o >.*. 11%&.

SO O#*)#)*.

$arvasa -.(.E, GutierreB, (r., -ruB, >aras, Je/iiano, Diin, #ega/ao,*avie, (r., $oon an De//osi//o, ((., onur.

>ai//a, (., See onurring o+inion.

GrioAPuino, (., >/ease see m" issent.

#omero, (., >/ease see se+arate issenting o+inion. H-ena vs. -ivi/Servie -ommission, 211 S-#A 1791992EI

VOL. 21&, *)-)D)# 22, 1992


17/52

777

>roeta vs. *ri/on

G.#. $o. 10%1C9. *eemer 22, 1992.'

L*!A . >#OJ)TA, +etitioner, vs. =O$. J#A$XL!$ . *#!LO$, in isa+ait" as )eutive Seretar", Oe o te >resient o te >i/i++ines,res+onent.

#etirement La3 A +ension is not a gratuit" ut rater a orm o eerreom+ensation or servies +erorme.:To a +u/i servant, a +ension is nota gratuit" ut rater a orm o eerre om+ensation or servies+erorme an is rigt to it ommenes to vest u+on is entr" into teretirement s"stem an eomes an enorea/e o/igation in ourt u+onu/;//ment o a// onitions uner i it is to e +ai. Simi/ar/", retirement

ene;ts reeiva/e " +u/i em+/o"ees are va/ua/e +arts o teonsieration or entrane into an ontinuation in +u/i oe orem+/o"ment. Te" serve a +u/i +ur+ose an a +rimar" ojetive inesta/ising tem is to inue om+etent +ersons to enter an remain in+u/i em+/o"ment an rener aitu/ an eient servie i/e soem+/o"e.

Same3 #etirement /as /iera//" inter+rete in avor o te retiree.:#etirement /as are /iera//" inter+rete in avor o te retiree eauseteir intention is to +rovie or is sustenane an o+eu//" even omort,en e no /onger as te stamina to ontinue earning is /ive/ioo. Te/iera/ a++roa aims to aieve te umanitarian +ur+oses o te /a in

orer tat te eien", seurit" an e//eing o government em+/o"eesma"e enane.


18/52

Tis is a +etition or revie on ertiorari assai/ing a +ortion o te eisiono te Oe o te >resient, ate 2C Otoer 1991, e/aring +etitioneras om+u/sori/" retire as o 15 Otoer 1991 an te reso/ution ate C1

(anuar" 1992 en"ing +etitioner4s motion or reonsieration o saieision.

Te anteeents are te o//oing

>etitioner, *r. L"ia . >roeta, serve as )eutive *ean o te #iBa/Teno/ogia/ -o//eges rom 2% Otoer 197% to 15 Otoer 1978. Jrom 1&Otoer 1978 to C0 A+ri/ 1979, +etitioner as te a++ointe Ating>resient o sai -o//ege unti/ er +romotion to >resient o te sameo//ege on 1 a" 1979.

Ater te 198& )*SA revo/ution or on 5 ar 198&, +etitioner ;/e erourtes" resignation as >resient o te #iBa/ Teno/ogia/ -o//eges ante same as ae+te on 21 ar 198&. A a" eore te ae+tane oer ourtes" resignation, +etitioner a++/ie or si6 /eave.

On % $ovemer 1988, +etitioner as a++ointe Ating >resient o )u/ogio?Amang@ #origueB !nstitute o Siene an Teno/og" ereinaterreerre to as )A#!STE an as tere

779

VOL. 21&, *)-)D)# 22, 1992

779

>roeta vs. *ri/on

ater a++ointe its >resient on 29 ar 1989.

Ater reaing te age o sit";ve &5E "ears on 1& (une 1989, +etitionerinPuire rom te Government Servie !nsurane S"stem GS!SE as toeter se ma" e a//oe to eten er servies it te government as

>resient o )A#!ST e"on te age o sit";ve &5E "ears, to ena/e er toavai/ o te o/age +ension retirement ene;ts uner >* 11%& #eviseGovernment Servie !nsurane At o 1977E. !n anser to er Puer",+etitioner as avise " te GS!S to return to te servie unti/ se sa//ave u/;//e te ;teen 15E "ears servie rePuirement +ursuant to Setion11 o >* 11%&, to Pua/i" or te o/age +ension retirement +/an. Te GS!Se/are tat +etitioner as not "et e/igi/e to retire uner >* 11%&, as sea not renere te suient numer o "ears o servie on te ate oer su++ose retirement on 1& (une 1989 an tat er reita/e servieas on/" te/ve 12E "ears an to 2E monts. As tings stoo, se ou/on/" /aim one unre +erent 100RE o er average mont/"om+ensation or ever" "ear o reita/e servie or to a reun o er+remium ontriutions it te GS!S.1

On & Otoer 1989, as reommene " te *e+artment o )uation,-u/ture an S+orts *)-SE Seretar" an te Doar o Trustees o )A#!ST,>resient APuino, troug *e+ut" )eutive Seretar" aganga/ D. )/ma,etene te term o +etitioner as >resient o )A#!ST unti/ se sa// aveom+/ete te rePuire ;teen 15E "ears o servie ater reaing te ageo sit" ;ve &5E "ears on te ate o er norma/ retirement on 1& (une1989 or or an aitiona/ +erio o to 2E "ears, seven 7E monts ante/ve 12E a"s.2

!n ar 1990, te )A#!ST Jau/t" an )m+/o"ees Union ;/e anaministrative om+/aint against +etitioner eore te Oe o te>resient, or er a//ege irregu/ar a++ointment an or grat an orru+t+raties. !n a memoranum, ate 1& August 1990, te Oe o te>resient urnise +etitioner a o+" o te om+/aint it a iretive to ;/ean anser tereto it te *)-S Seretar", o as u/" autoriBe toonut a


19/52

1 #o//o, ++. %1%2.

2 !i., +. %9.

780

780


>roeta vs. *ri/on

orma/ investigation o te arges against +etitioner. >ening investigationo te om+/aint, +etitioner as +/ae uner +reventive sus+ension or a+erio o ninet" 90E a"s.C Ater serving te +erio o sus+ension,+etitioner reassume er uties an untions as >resient o )A#!ST.

!n a /etter ate 20 (u/" 1990, *)-S Seretar" -arino reommene teom+u/sor" retirement o +etitioner.%

Jor te +ur+ose o investigating te aministrative arges against+etitioner,5 an A=o -ommittee as reate " >resient APuino on 12Jeruar" 1991. Te +arties ;/e teir res+etive +/eaings an earings inte ase ere onute " te ommittee.

>ening reso/ution o te aministrative arges against er, +etitioner asetai/e it te *)-S -entra/ Oe +ursuant to a memoranum ate 1CJeruar" 1991 signe " *e+ut" )eutive Seretar" Sarmiento !!!.>etitioner ;/e a +etition or ertiorari, +roiition an manamus eorete #egiona/ Tria/ -ourt o ani/a, Dran %0, see6ing er reinstatement as

)A#!ST >resient. Ater tria/, sai +etition as ismisse. On a++ea/, te-ourt o A++ea/s enie te +etition or ertiorari on 2 A+ri/ 1991.&

>etitioner /i6eise assai/e er reassignment it te *)-S -entra/ Oe,eore te -ivi/ Servie -ommission -S-E. On C0 (u/" 1991, te -S- enie

+etitioner4s om+/aint. Se move or reonsieration o sai reso/ution utte same as enie on C *eemer 1991, i +rom+te +etitioner to;/e a +etition or ertiorari eore tis -ourt o6ete as G.#. $o. 10C271.On C ar 1992, tis -ourt ismisse sai +etition.

Ater eva/uating te eviene +resente eore te A=o -ommittee, in aeision7 ate 2C Otoer 1991, te Oe o te >resient ismisse teaministrative om+/aint against +etitioner or /a6 o sustantia/ eviene.!n te same eision, te Oe o te >resient a/so e/are +etitioner asom+u/so


20/52

VOL. 21&, *)-)D)# 22, 1992

781

>roeta vs. *ri/on

ri/" retire rom government servie as o 15 Otoer 1991, o/ing tat

? !E te aoresai si6 /eave o &2 or6ing a"s a++roimate/" CmontsE ere to e ae to te res+onent4s reita/e servie, togeterit te +erio o to 2E ee6s i te res+onent4s ounse/ amits inis emoranum te res+onent a serve as >roessoria/ Leturer, te

res+onent sou/ e onsiere as om+u/sori/" retire as o Ot. 15,1991, aving om+/ete te rePuire 15 "ears in te servie on or aoutte sai ate ater reaing te age o &5.

Aoring/", te aministrative arges against *r. L"ia . >roeta or era//ege Wirregu/ar a++ointment an grat an orru+t +raties4 are ere"ismisse. =oever, *r. >roeta is ere" onsiere as no om+u/sori/"retire rom te servie as o Otoer 15, 1991, in aorane it te+rovisions o Setion 11 E o >resientia/ *eree $o. 11%&, avingom+/ete ;teen 15E "ears in te government servie on or aout te saiate ater reaing te age o sit";ve &5E on (une 1&, 1989.@8

!n a /etter ate 2C Otoer 1991, +etitioner rePueste te GS!S toetermine te eat ate o er retirement. On 5 $ovemer 1991,+etitioner as avise " te GS!S tat te eat ate o er retirementa//s on 1% August 1992.9

A motion or reonsieration as ten ;/e " +etitioner it te Oe ote >resient, assai/ing te +ortion o its eision e/aring er asom+u/sori/" retire rom te servie as o 15 Otoer 1991, a//eging tat

te sai oe as no jurisition over te issue o er om+u/sor"retirement rom te government servie.

!n a reso/ution10 ate C1 (anuar" 1992, +etitioner4s motion orreonsieration as enie " te Oe o te >resient. !n te same

reso/ution, te Oe o te >resient /ari;e tat tere as an overetension o +etitioner4s +erio o servie it te government " ai/ure tore6on it te sit"to &2E or6ing a"s uring i +etitioner ent onsi6 /eave rom


21/52

om+u/sori/" retire as o 15 Otoer 1991, te Oe o te >resient e/tat it mere/" reso/ve motu +ro+rio to sorten " treeanaa/ C1N2Emonts te etension grante to +etitioner to om+/ete te rePuire ;teen15E "ears o servie or +ur+oses o retirement. !t urter e/are tat it isor te >resient to etermine eter or not +etitioner ou/ sti// ontinueas )A#!ST >resient es+ite er eoneration rom te aministrativearges ;/e against er.

Uner >resientia/ *eree $o. 11%& #evise Government !nsurane At o1977E, one o te ene;ts +rovie or Pua/i;e memers o te GS!S is teo/age +ension ene;t. A memer o as renere at /east ;teen 15E"ears o servie an is at /east sit" &0E "ears o/ en se+arate romte servie, is entit/e to a asi mont/" +ension or /ie ut or not /esstan ;ve 5E "ears. On te oter an, a memer o as renere /esstan ;teen 15E "ears o servie ut it at /east tree CE "ears o serviean is sit" &0E "ears o age en se+arate rom te servie is entit/e toa as +a"ment ePuiva/ent to one unre +erent 100RE o te averagemont/" om+ensation or ever" "ear o servie.

=oever, retirement is om+u/sor" or a memer o as reae te ageo sit";ve &5E "ears it at /east ;teen 15E "ears o servie. ! e as/ess tan ;teen 15E "ears o servie, e sa// e a//oe to ontinue in teservie to om+/ete te ;teen 15E "ears,11 to avai/ o te o/age +ensionene;t.

To a +u/i servant, a +ension is not a gratuit" ut rater a orm o eerreom+ensation or servies +erorme an is rigt to it ommenes to vestu+on is entr" into te retirement s"stem an eomes an enorea/eo/igation in ourt u+on u/;//ment o a// onitions uner i it is to e+ai. Simi/ar/", retirement ene;ts reeiva/e " +u/i em+/o"ees areva/ua/e +arts o te onsieration or entrane into an ontinuation in+u/i oe or em+/o"ment. Te" serve a +u/i +ur+ose an a +rimar"ojetive in esta/ising tem is to inue om+etent +ersons to enter anremain in +u/i em


22/52

!n oter ors, te etension o servie o +etitioner as unti/ (anuar"1992. =oever, te Oe o te >resient mae a ne om+utation o+etitioner4s reita/e servie. !n te +roess o etermining +etitioner4s+erio o servie it te government, te Oe o te >resient in/ueas +art o er servie te sit"to &2E a"s si6 /eave a++/ie or " +eti

resient " treeanaa/ C 1N2E monts orunti/ 15 Otoer 1991.

On te oter an, te om+utation mae " te GS!S as to te eat ateo retirement o +etitioner e// on 1% August 1992.15 Tus, te etension oservie grante to +etitioner " te Oe o te >resient or to 2E "ears,seven 7E monts an te/ve 12E a"s i rougt er servies on/" u+to (anuar" 1992, ou/ not ena/e erein +etitioner to om+/ete te ;teen

15E "ears servie rePuirement or +ur+oses o retirement. To a//o teOe o te >resient to sorten te etension o servie o +etitioner "treeanaa/ C 1N2E monts i onsist o +etitioner4s si6 /eave anservie as /eturer, ou/ urter reue +etitioner4s servie it tegovernment. Su reution rom +etitioner4s servie ou/ e+rive er ote o++ortunit" o avai/ing o te o/age +ension +/an,ase on teom+utation o te GS!S.

e o/ tat it is te GS!S i as te origina/ an e/usive jurisitionto etermine eter a memer is Pua/i;e or not to avai/ o te o/age+ension ene;t uner >.*. 11%&,ase on its om+utation o a memer4s"ears o servie it te government.1& Te om+utation o a memer4s

servie in/ues not on/" u// time ut a/so +art time an oter servies itom+ensation as ma" e in/ue uner te ru/es an regu/ations+resrie " te S"stem.17

Te sit"to &2E a"s /eave o asene o +etitioner eteen 20 ar to17 (une 198& an er +arttime servie as a /eturer o a++roimate/" to2E ee6s, or a tota/ o treeanaa/ C 1N2E monts is not reMete iner servie reor. Sai +erio sou/ e onsiere as +art o er servieit te government an it is on/" ut +ro+er tat er servie reor e


23/52

785

VOL. 21&, *)-)D)# 22, 1992

785

>roeta vs. *ri/on

amene to reMet sai +erio o servie.

e ave oserve tat te om+utation mae " te GS!S o +etitioner4sate o retirement ai/e to ta6e into aount te treeanaa/ C 1N2Emonts servie o +etitioner i as not reMete in er servie reor. !e eut tis unreore treeanaa/ C 1N2E monts servie o+etitioner rom 1% August 1992, +etitioner is to e onsiere retire on C0A+ri/ 1992.

Te orer o te Oe o te >resient e/aring +etitioner as om+u/sori/"retire as o 15 Otoer 1991 eeats te +ur+ose or a//oing +etitioner toremain in te servie unti/ se as om+/ete te ;teen 15E "ears servierePuirement. Deteen te +erio o 1& Otoer 1991 to C0 A+ri/ 1992,

+etitioner sou/ ave een a//oe to ontinue in te servie to e a/e toom+/ete te ;teen 15E "ears servie rePuirement3 se as +re+are torener servies or sai +erio ut as not a//oe to o so3 se sou/,tereore, e entit/e to a// er sa/aries, ene;ts an oter emo/umentsuring sai +erio 1& Otoer 1991 C0 A+ri/ 1992E. =oever, +etitioner4s/aim or reinstatement to er ormer +osition to ena/e er to om+/etete ;teen 15E "ear servie rePuirement or retirement +ur+oses is no/onger +ossi/e, onsiering tat se is eeme to ave om+/ete te saiservie rePuirement as o C0 A+ri/ 1992.

=)#)JO#), te +ortion o te eision o te Oe o te >resient ate2C Otoer 1991 e/aring +etitioner as om+u/sori/" retire as o 15Otoer 1991 is S)T AS!*). >etitioner is ere" e/are to ave een inte servie as >resient o )A#!ST rom 1& Otoer 1991 unti/ C0 A+ri/ 1992an tereore entit/e to a// sa/aries, ene;ts an oter emo/uments o saioe rom 1& Otoer 1991 to C0 A+ri/ 1992. !n aition, se is e/are asentit/e to er o/age +ension ene;ts or aving reae age &5 "earsi/e in te servie it 15 "ears o servie to er reit, sujet to erom+/iane it a// a++/ia/e regu/ations an rePuirements o te GS!S.

SO O#*)#)*.

$arvasa -.(.E, GutierreB, (r., -ruB, Je/iiano, Diin, GrioAPuino,#ega/ao, *avie, (r., #omero, $oon, De//osi//o, e/o an -am+os, (r., ((.,onur.

78&

78&


>asua/ vs. *unan

>ortion o te eision set asie.

$ote.:>ension +arta6es o te nature o retaine ages o te retiree or aou/e +ur+ose #e #u+erto G. artin, 187 S-#A %77E.

::o0o:: H>roeta vs. *ri/on, 21& S-#A 7771992EI


24/52

&1%


#aor vs. -ivi/ Servie -ommission

G.#. $o. 111812. a" C1, 1995.'

*!O$!S!O . #ADO#, +etitioner, vs. -!V!L S)#V!-) -O!SS!O$,res+onent.

-ivi/ Servie -ommission3 Aministrative La3 Test o a Va/i SuorinateLegis/ation3 Statutor" -onstrution3 !n suorinate, e/egate ru/ema6ing" aministrative agenies, a// tat ma" e reasona/" emane is asoing tat te e/egate /egis/ation onsisting o aministrativeregu/ations are germane to te genera/ +ur+oses +rojete " tegoverning or ena/ing statute.:-/ear/", tereore, -ena en it rePuire aonsiera/" iger egree o etai/ in te statute to e im+/emente, entagainst +revai/ing otrine. !t seems /ear tat i te governing or ena/ingstatute is Puite etai/e an s+ei; to egin it, tere ou/ e ver"/itt/e nee or oasionE or im+/ementing aministrative regu/ations. !t is,oever, +reise/" te inai/it" o /egis/ative oies to antii+ate a// orman"E +ossi/e etai/e situations


25/52

Same3 Same3 #etirement3 Te etension o servie o government retireeso ave reae sit";ve "ears o age is an area tat is overe " ot>.*. 11%& an te Aministrative -oe o 1987.:e onsier tat teena/ing statute tat sou/ a++ro+riate/" e eamine is te +resent -ivi/Servie /a:oun in Doo6 V, Tit/e !, Sutit/e A, o )eutive Orer $o. 292

ate 25 (u/" 1987, oterise 6non as te Aministrative -oe o 1987:an not a/one >.*. $o. 11%&, oterise 6non as te ?#evise GovernmentServie !nsurane At o 1977.@ Jor te matter o etension o servie oretirees o ave reae sit";ve &5E "ears o age is an area tat isovere " ot statutes an not a/one " Setion 11 E o >.*. $o. 11%&.

Tis is r"sta/ /ear rom eamination o man" +rovisions o te +resent ivi/servie /a.

Same3 Same3 Same3 Te +"sio/ogia/ an +s"o/ogia/ +roessesassoiate it ageing in uman eings are in at re/ate to te eien"an Pua/it" o te servie tat ma" e e+ete rom iniviua/ +ersons.:e ;n it ver" iu/t to su++ose tat te /imitation o +ermissi/e

etensions o servie ater an em+/o"ee as reae sit";ve &5E "ears oage as no reasona/e re/ationsi+ or is not germane to te oregoing+rovisions o te +resent -ivi/ Servie La. Te +"sio/ogia/ an+s"o/ogia/ +roesses assoiate it ageing in uman eings are in atre/ate to te eien" an Pua/it" o te servie tat ma" e e+eterom iniviua/ +ersons.

Same3 Same3 Same3 -ivi/ Servie emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27, Series o1990, more s+ei;a//" +ar. 1 tereo, is va/i an eFetive, an teotrine in -ena v. -ivi/ Servie -ommission, 211 S-#A 179 1992E, ismoi;e aoring/".:Our on/usion is tat te otrine o -ena sou/e an is ere" moi;e to tis etent tat -ivi/ Servie emoranum

-iru/ar $o. 27, Series o 1990, more s+ei;a//" +aragra+ 1E tereo, isere" e/are va/i an eFetive. Setion 11 E o >.*. $o. 11%& must,aoring/", e rea togeter it emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27. ereiterate, oever, te o/ing in -ena tat te ea o te governmentagen" onerne is veste it isretion

&1&

&1&



ar" autorit" to a//o or isa//o etension o te servie o an oia/ orem+/o"ee o as reae sit";ve &5E "ears o age itout om+/eting;teen 15E "ears o government servie3 tis isretion is, neverte/ess, toe eerise onorma/" it te +rovisions o -ivi/ Servie emoranum-iru/ar $o. 27, Series o 1990.

>)T!T!O$ or revie o a eision o te -ivi/ Servie -ommission.


>u/i Attorne"4s Oe or +etitioner.

J)L!-!A$O, (.

>etitioner *ionisio . #aor is a Uti/it" or6er in te Oe o te a"or,

*avao -it". =e entere te government servie as a Uti/it" or6er on 10A+ri/ 1978 at te age o 55 "ears.

Sometime in a" 1991,1 A/ma *. >agat+atan, an oia/ in te Oe o tea"or o *avao -it", avise *ionisio . #aor to a++/" or retirement,onsiering tat e a a/rea" reae te age o sit"eigt &8E "earsan seven 7E monts, it tirteen 1CE "ears an one 1E mont ogovernment servie. #aor res+one to tis avie " eiiting a?-erti;ate o emersi+@2 issue " te Government Servie !nsuraneS"stem ?GS!S@E an ate 12 a" 1988. At te ottom o tis ?-erti;ateo emersi+@ is a t"+eritten statement o te o//oing tenor ?Servie


26/52

etene to om+/" 15 "ears servie rePts.@ Tis statement is o//oe " anon/egi/e initia/ it te o//oing ate ?2N 28N91.@

Tereu+on, te *avao -it" Government, troug s. >agat+atan, rote tote #egiona/ *iretor o te -ivi/ Servie -ommission, #egion Q!, *avao -it"

?-S#OQ!@E, inorming te /atter o te oregoing an rePuesting avie ?asto at ation Hsou/I e ta6en on tis matter.@

!n a /etter ate 2& (u/" 1991, *iretor Ji/emon D. -aa o -S#OQ!avise *avao -it" a"or #origo #. *uterte as o//os

etitioner #aor net rote to te Oe o te >resient on 29 (anuar"1992 see6ing reonsieration o te eision o *iretor -aa, -S#OQ!.

Te Oe o te >resient reerre r. #aor4s /etter to te -airman o te

-ivi/ Servie -ommission on 5 ar 1992.

!n its #eso/ution $o. 9259%, ate 28 A+ri/ 1992, te -ivi/ Servie-ommission ismisse te a++ea/ o r. #aor an arme te ation o*iretor -aa emoie in te /atter4s


27/52

C Anne ?D,@ LetterN>etition, #o//o, +. &.

% Anne ?D1,@ LetterN>etition, #o//o, +. 7.

5 Anne ?-,@ LetterN>etition, #o//o, +. 8.

&18

&18



/etter o 2& (u/" 1991. Tis #eso/ution state in +art

?!n is a++ea/, #aor rePueste tat e e a//oe to ontinue reneringservies as Uti/it" or6er in orer to om+/ete te ;teen 15E "ear servierePuirement uner >.*. 11%&. -S- emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27, s. 1990+rovies, in +art

W1. An" rePuest or etension o servie o om+u/sor" retirees toom+/ete te ;teen "ears servie rePuirement or retirement sa// ea//oe on/" to +ermanent a++ointees in te areer servie o are regu/armemers o te Government Servie !nsurane S"stem GS!SE an sa// egrante or a +erio o not eeeing one 1E "ear.4

-onsiering tat as ear/" as Otoer 18, 1988, #aor as a/rea" ue orretirement, is rePuest or urter etension o servie annot e given ueourse.@& !ta/is in te origina/E

On 28 Otoer 1992, r. #aor sougt reonsieration o #eso/ution $o. 92

59% o te -ivi/ Servie -ommission tis time invo6ing te *eision o tis-ourt in -ena v. -ivi/ Servie -ommission.7 >etitioner a/so as6e orreinstatement it a6 sa/aries an ene;ts, aving een se+arate romte government servie eFetive 1& August 1991. #aor4s motion orreonsieration as enie " te -ommission.

>etitioner #aor sent anoter /etter ate 1& A+ri/ 199C to te Oe o tea"or, *avao -it", again rePuesting tat e e a//oe to ontinuerenering servie to te *avao -it" Government as Uti/it" or6er in orerto om+/ete te ;teen 15E "ears servie rePuirement uner >.*. $o. 11%&.

Tis rePuest as one more enie " a"or *uterte in a /etter to+etitioner ate 19 a" 199C. !n tis /etter, a"or *uterte +ointe out tat,

uner -ena, grant o te etension o servie as isretionar" on te +arto te -it" a"or, ut tat e ou/ not grant te etension rePueste.a"or *uterte4s /etter, in re/evant +art, rea

?Te matter as reerre to te -it" Lega/ Oe an te -airman o te-ivi/ Servie -ommission, in te avent o te eision o te Su+reme-ourt in te -ena vs. -S-, et a/. G.#. $o. 97%19 ate


28/52

&19


(u/" C, 1992E, or /ega/ o+inion. Dot te -it" Lega/ Oer an te -airmano te -ivi/ Servie -ommission are one in tese o+inion tat etening "ouan a++ointment in orer tat "ou ma" e a/e to om+/ete te ;teen"earservie rePuirement is isretionar" Hon te +art oI te -it" a"or.

u as e esire to eten "ou an a++ointment ut irumstanes aretat e an no /onger o so. As "ou are a/rea" nearing "our 70t irta"ma" no /onger e a/e to +erorm te uties attae to "our +osition.

oreover, te +osition "ou a vaate as a/rea" ;//e u+.

e tereore regret to inorm "ou tat e annot at avora/" on "ourrePuest.@8 )m+ases su++/ieE

At tis +oint, r. #aor eie to ome to tis -ourt. =e ;/e aLetterN>etition ate & (u/" 199C a++ea/ing rom -ivi/ Servie #eso/ution $o.9259% an rom a"or *uterte4s /etter o 10 a" 199C.

Te -ourt rePuire +etitioner #aor to om+/" it te orma/ rePuirementsor instituting a s+eia/ ivi/ ation o ertiorari to revie te assai/e#eso/ution o te -ivi/ Servie -ommission. !n turn, te -ommission asrePuire to omment on +etitioner4s LetterN>etition. 9 Te -ourtsusePuent/" note +etitioner4s Letter o 1C Se+temer 199C re/ating toom+/iane it te mentione orma/ rePuirements an irete te -/er6o -ourt to avise +etitioner to engage te servies o ounse/ or to as6 or/ega/ assistane rom te >u/i Attorne"4s Oe >AOE.10

Te -ivi/ Servie -ommission, troug te Oe o te So/iitor Genera/,;/e its omment on 1& $ovemer 199C. Te -ourt ten reso/ve to giveue ourse to te >etition an rePuire te +arties to ;/e memorana. Dotte -ommission an r. #aor te /atter troug >AO ounse/E i so.

!n tis +roeeing, +etitioner #aor ontens tat is /aim a//s sPuare/"itin te ru/ing o tis -ourt in -ena v. -ivi/ Servie -ommission.11

U+on te oter an, te -ommission see6s to istinguis tis ase rom-ena. Te -ommission, troug te So/iitor


29/52


Genera/, stresse tat in -ena, tis -ourt a ru/e tat te em+/o"eragen", te Lan #egistration Autorit" o te *e+artment o (ustie, asveste it isretion to grant to -ena te etension rePueste " im.

Te Lan #egistration Autorit" a osen not to eerise its isretion togrant or en" su etension. !n ontrast, in te instant ase, te *avao-it" Government i eerise its isretion on te matter an eie toen" te etension sougt " +etitioner #aor or /egitimate reasons.

i/e te -ena eision is are/" tree CE "ears o/, te -ourt onsierstat it must reeamine te otrine o -ena an te teoretia/ an +o/i"uner+innings tereo.12

e start " rea//ing te atua/ setting o -ena.

Gauenio -ena as a++ointe #egistrar o te #egister o *ees oa/aon, etro+o/itan ani/a, on 1& (u/" 1987. =e reae te om+u/sor"retirement age o sit";ve &5E "ears on 22 (anuar" 1991. D" te /atterate, is government servie ou/ ave reae a tota/ o e/even 11E"ears, nine 9E monts an si &E a"s. Deore reaing is &5t irta",-ena rePueste te Seretar" o (ustie, troug te Aministrator o teLan #egistration Autorit" ?L#A@E tat e e a//oe to eten is servieto om+/ete te ;teen"ear servie rePuirement to ena/e im to retireit te u// ene;t o an O/Age >ension uner Setion 11 E o >.*. $o.11%&. ! -ena4s rePuest ere grante, e ou/ om+/ete ;teen 15E "earso government servie on 15 A+ri/ 199%, at te age o sit"eigt &8E"ears.

Te L#A Aministrator sougt a ru/ing rom te -ivi/ Servie -ommission oneter or not -ena4s rePuest ou/ e grante onsiering tat -ena asovere " -ivi/ Servie emoranum $o. 27, Series o 1990. On 17Otoer 1990, te -ommission a//oe -ena a one 1E "ear etension o isservie rom 22 (anuar" 1991 to 22 (anuar" 1992 uner its emoranum-iru/ar $o. 27. *issatis;e, -ena move or reonsieration, itoutsuess. =e ten ame to tis -ourt, /aiming tat e as entit/e to anetension o tree CE "ears, tree CE monts an tent"our 2%E a"s toom+/ete te ;teen"ear servie re


30/52

government servie to om+/ete te ;teen"ear servie so tat e ma"retire it u// ene;ts uner Setion 11, +aragra+ E o >.*. 11%&.@1C)m+ases su++/ieE

Te -ourt reae te aove on/usion +rimari/" on te asis o te ?+/ain

an orinar" meaning@ o Setion 11 E o >.*. $o. 11%&. Setion 11 ma"e Puote in its entiret"

?Se. 11. -onitions or O/Age >ension.:aE O/Age >ension sa// e +aito a memer o

1E as at /east ;teen 15E "ears o servie3

2E is at /east sit" &0E "ears o age3 an

CE is se+arate rom te servie.

E un/ess te servie is etene " a++ro+riate autorities, retirementsa// e om+u/sor" or an em+/o"ee at sit";ve &5E "ears o age it at/east ;teen 15E "ears o servie3 >rovie, tat i e as /ess tan ;teen15E "ears o servie, e sa// e a//oe to ontinue in te servie toom+/ete te ;teen 15E "ears.@ )m+ases su++/ieE

ur+oses

>ursuant to -S- #eso/ution $o. 90%5% ate a" 21, 1990, te -ivi/Servie -ommission ere" ao+ts an +romu/gates te o//oing +o/iies


31/52

an guie/ines in te etension o servies o om+u/sor" retirees toom+/ete te ;teen "ears servie rePuirement or retirement +ur+oses

1. An" rePuest or te etension o servie o om+u/sor" retirees toom+/ete te ;teen 15E "ears servie rePuirement or retirement sa// e

a//oe on/" to +ermanent a++ointees in te areer servie o are regu/armemers o te Government Servie !nsurane S"stem GS!SE, an sa// egrante or a +erio not eeeing one 1E "ear.

resient as reent/" ao+te a +o/i" to aere morestrit/" to te /a +roviing or om+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears an,in etreme/" meritorious ases, to /imit te servie e"on te age o &5"ears to si &E monts on/".

=)#)JO#), te +ertinent +rovision o emoranum -iru/ar $o. 1&C onte retention in te servie o oia/s or em+/o"ees o ave reae teom+u/sor" retirement age o &5 "ears, is ere" amene to rea as

o//os

WOia/s or em+/o"ees o ave reae te om+u/sor" retirement age o&5 "ears sa// not e retaine in te servie, ee+t or etreme/"meritorious reasons in i ase te retention sa// not eee si &Emonts.4

A// eas o e+artments, ureaus, oes an instrumenta/ities o tegovernment in/uing governmentone or ontro//e or+orations, are


32/52

ere" enjoine to rePuire teir res+etive oes to strit/" om+/" ittis iru/ar.

Tis -iru/ar sa// ta6e eFet immeiate/".

&2%

&2%



D" autorit" o te >resient

Sg.E

-ATAL!$O A-A#A!G, (#.

)eutive Seretar"

ani/a, (une 1%, 1988.@15 !ta/is su++/ieE

eia/ea, (. reso/ve te a//enges +ose " te aove to 2Eaministrative regu/ations ", ;rst/", onsiering as inva/i -ivi/ Servieemoranum $o. 27 an, seon/", " inter+reting te Oe o te>resient4s emoranum -iru/ar $o. &5 as ina++/ia/e to te ase oGauenio T. -ena.

e turn ;rst to te -ivi/ Servie -ommission4s emoranum -iru/ar $o.27. eia/ea, (. rote

?Te -ivi/ Servie -ommission emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27 eing in tenature o an aministrative regu/ation, must e governe " te +rini+/e

tat aministrative regu/ations ao+te uner /egis/ative autorit" " a+artiu/ar e+artment must e in armon" it te +rovisions o te /a,an sou/ e or te so/e +ur+ose o arr"ing into eFet its genera/+rovisions >eo+/e v. aeren, G.#. $o. LC21&&, Otoer 18, 1977, 79 S-#A%503 Teoon v. emers o te Doar o Aministrators, L25&19, (une C0,1970, CC S-#A 5853 anue/ v. Genera/ Auiting Oe, L28952, *eemer29, 1971, %2 S-#A &&03 *e/uao v. -astee/, L2190&, August 29, 19&9, 29S-#A C50E. . Te ru/e on /imiting to one "ear te etension o servieo an em+/o"ee o as reae te om+u/sor" retirement age o sit";ve &5E "ears, ut as /ess tan ;teen 15E "ears o servie uner -ivi/Servie emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27, S. 1990, annot /i6eise e aoreva/iit" eause it as no re/ationsi+ or onnetion it an" +rovision o>.*. 11%& su++ose to e arrie into eFet. Te ru/e as an aition to oretension o te /a, not mere/" a moe o arr"ing it into eFet. Te -ivi/

Servie -ommission as no +oer to su++/" +ereive omissions in >.*.11%&.@1& !ta/is su++/ieE

!t i// e seen tat -ena, in stri6ing on -ivi/ Servie -ommissionemoranum $o. 27, too6 a ver" narro vie on te Puestion o atsuorinate ru/ema6ing " an aministrative agen" is +ermissi/e anva/i. Tat restritive vie must


33/52

VOL. 2%%, A C1, 1995

&25


e ontraste it tis -ourt4s ear/ier ru/ing in >eo+/e v. )one,17 erer. (ustie (.D.L. #e"es sai

?!t is e// esta/ise in tis jurisition tat, i/e te ma6ing o /as is anone/ega/e ativit" tat orres+ons e/usive/" to -ongress,neverte/ess, te /atter ma" onstitutiona//" e/egate autorit" an

+romu/gate ru/es an regu/ations to im+/ement a given /egis/ation aneFetuate its +o/iies, or te reason tat te /egis/ature oten ;ns itim+ratia/e i not im+ossi/eE to antii+ate an +rovie or temu/tiarious an om+/e situations tat ma" e met in arr"ing te /ainto eFet. A// tat is rePuire is tat te regu/ation sou/ e germane tote ojets an +ur+oses o te /a3 tat te regu/ation e not inontraition it it, ut onorm to te stanars tat te /a+resries.@18 !ta/is su++/ieE

!n Ta/arin v. GutierreB,19 te -ourt, in sustaining te va/iit" o a )-SOrer i esta/ise +assing a uniorm amission test a//e te$ationa/ eia/ Amission Test $ATE as a +rerePuisite or e/igii/it" or

amission into meia/ soo/s in te >i/i++ines, sai

?Te stanars set or suorinate /egis/ation in te eerise o ru/e ma6ingautorit" " an aministrative agen" /i6e te Doar o eia/ )uationare neessari/" roa an ig/" astrat. As e+/aine " ten r. (ustieJernano in )u v. )rita C5 S-#A %81 H1970IE:

WTe stanars ma" e eiter e+resse or im+/ie. ! te ormer, tenone/egation ojetion is easi/" met. Te stanar toug oes not ave

to e s+e//e out s+ei;a//". !t ou/ e im+/ie rom te +o/i" an+ur+ose o te at onsiere as a o/e. !n te #eMetor La, /ear/" te/egis/ative ojetive is +u/i saet". at is sougt to e attaine in-a/a/ang v. i//iams is ?sae transit u+on te roas .4 @

e e/ieve an so o/ tat te neessar" stanars are set ort inSetion 1 o te 1959 eia/ At Wte stanariBation an regu/ation omeia/ euation4 an in Setion 5 aE an 7 o te same At, te o" ote statute itse/, an tat tese onsiere togeter are suient


34/52

!n )u v. )rita,21 ten r. (ustie Jernano stresse te astrat an ver"genera/ nature o te stanars i our -ourt as in +rior ase/a u+e/as suient or +ur+oses o om+/iane it te rePuirements or va/iit"o suorinate or aministrative ru/ema6ing

?Tis -ourt as onsiere as suient stanars, W+u/i e/are,4unii+a/it" o -arona v. unii+a/it" o Dinangonan, C& >i/. 5%7 H1917IE3Wneessar" in te interest o /a an orer,4 #ui v. >rovinia/ Doar, C9>i/. &&0 H1919IE3 W+u/i interest,4 >eo+/e v. #osenta/, &8 >i/. C28H19C9IE3 an Wjustie an ePuit" an sustantia/ merits o te ase,4!nternationa/ =aroo v. >angi/ Jeeration o Laor, 17 >i/. &02H19%0IE.@22 !ta/is su++/ieE

-/ear/", tereore, -ena en it rePuire a onsiera/" iger egree oetai/ in te statute to e im+/emente, ent against +revai/ing otrine. !tseems /ear tat i te governing or ena/ing statute is Puite etai/e ans+ei; to egin it, tere ou/ e ver" /itt/e nee or oasionE orim+/ementing aministrative regu/ations. !t is, oever, +reise/" teinai/it" o /egis/ative oies to antii+ate a// or man"E +ossi/e etai/esituations in res+et o an" re/ative/" om+/e sujet matter, tat ma6essuorinate, e/egate ru/ema6ing " aministrative agenies soim+ortant an unavoia/e. A// tat ma" e reasona/" emane is asoing tat te e/egate /egis/ation onsisting o aministrativeregu/ations are germane to te genera/ +ur+oses +rojete " tegoverning or ena/ing statute. Tis is te test tat is a++ro+riate/" a++/iein res+et o -ivi/ Servie emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27, Series o 1990, anto tis test e no turn.

e onsier tat te ena/ing statute tat sou/ a++ro+riate/" eeamine is te +resent -ivi/ Servie La:oun in Doo6 V, Tit/e !, Sutit/eA, o )eutive Orer $o. 292 ate 25


35/52

2E >resrie, amen an enore ru/es an regu/ations or arr"ing intoeFet te +rovisions o te -ivi/ Servie La an oter +ertinent /as3

CE >romu/gate +o/iies, stanars an guie/ines or te -ivi/ Serviean ao+t +/ans an +rograms to +romote eonomia/, eient aneFetive +ersonne/ aministration in te government3

10E Jormu/ate, aminister an eva/uate +rograms re/ative to teeve/o+ment an retention o a Pua/i;e an om+etent or6 ore in te+u/i servie3

1%E Ta6e a++ro+riate ation on a// a++ointments an oter +ersonne/matters in te -ivi/ Servie in/uing etension o servie e"onretirement age3

17E Aminister te retirement +rogram or government oia/s an

em+/o"ees, an areit government servies an eva/uate Pua/i;ationsor retirement3

19E >erorm a// untions +ro+er/" e/onging to a entra/ +ersonne/agen" an su oter untions as ma" e +rovie " /a.@ !ta/issu++/ieE

!t as on te ases o te aove Puote +rovisions o te 1987Aministrative -oe tat te -ivi/ Servie -ommission +romu/gate itsemoranum -iru/ar $o. 27. !n oing so, te -ommission as ating as?te entra/ +ersonne/ agen" o te government em+oere to

+romu/gate +o/iies, stanars an guie

&28

&28



/ines or eient, res+onsive an eFetive +ersonne/ aministration in tegovernment.@2C !t as a/so isarging its untion o ?aministering teretirement +rogram or government oia/s an em+/o"ees@ an o?eva/uatHingI Pua/i;ations or retirement.@

!n aition, te -ivi/ Servie -ommission is arge " te 1987Aministrative -oe it +roviing /eaersi+ an assistane ?in teeve/o+ment an retention o Pua/i;e an eient or6 ore in te -ivi/Servie@ Setion 1& H10IE an it te ?enorement o te onstitutiona/an statutor" +rovisions, re/ative to retirement an te regu/ation or te

eFetive im+/ementation o te retirement o government oia/s anem+/o"ees@ Setion 1& H1%IE.

e ;n it ver" iu/t to su++ose tat te /imitation o +ermissi/eetensions o servie ater an em+/o"ee as reae sit";ve &5E "ears oage as no reasona/e re/ationsi+ or is not germane to te oregoing+rovisions o te +resent -ivi/ Servie La. Te +"sio/ogia/ an+s"o/ogia/ +roesses assoiate it ageing in uman eings are in atre/ate to te eien" an Pua/it" o te servie tat ma" e e+eterom iniviua/ +ersons. Te +o/i" onsierations i guie te -ivi/Servie -ommission in /imiting te maimum etension o servie a//oa/eor om+u/sor" retirees, ere summariBe " GrioAPuino, (. in er

issenting o+inion in -ena

?ort +onering a/so are te +oints raise " te -ivi/ Servie-ommission tat etening te servie o om+u/sor" retirees or /ongertan one 1E "ear ou/ 1E give a +remium to /ateomers in tegovernment servie an in eFet isriminate against tose o enter teservie at a "ounger age3 2E e/a" te +romotion o te /atter an o netinran6 em+/o"ees3 an CE +rejuie te anes or em+/o"ment oPua/i;e "oung ivi/ servie a++/iants o ave a/rea" +asse tevarious government eaminations ut must ait or jos to e vaate "Wetenees4 o ave /ong +asse te manator" retirement age ut are


36/52

enjo"ing etension o teir government servie to om+/ete 15 "ears sote" ma" Pua/i" or o/age +ension.@2% !ta/is su++/ieE

resient o te >i/i++ines or rom te -ivi/Servie -om


37/52

mission an te -ommission oun tat te oter onitions /ai on inSetion 22 o #u/e !!!, -S#>A>, i not eist. Te -ourt neverte/ess stru6on Setion 22, #u/e !!! on te same eeeing/" restritive vie o+ermissi/e aministrative /egis/ation tat -ena re/ie on.2&

en one omines te otrine o To/eo it te ru/ing in -ena, ver"strange resu/ts o//o. Uner tese omine otrines, a +erson sit"our&%E "ears o age ma" e a++ointe to te government servie an one 1E"ear /ater ma" eman etension o is servie or te net ourteen 1%E"ears3 e ou/ retire at age sevent"nine 79E. Te net eFet is tus tatte genera/ statutor" +o/i" o om+u/sor" retirement at sit";ve &5E"ears is eavi/" eroe an eFetive/" eomes unenorea/e. Tatgenera/ statutor" +o/i" ma" e seen to emo" te notion tat teresou/ e a ertain minimum turnover in te government servie an tato++ortunities or government servie sou/ e istriute as roa/" as+ossi/e, s+eia//" to "ounger +eo+/e, onsiering tat te u/6 o our+o+u/ation is e/o tirt" C0E "ears o age. Tat same genera/ +o/i" a/soreMets te /ie e+etan" o our +eo+/e i is sti// signi;ant/" /oertan te /ie e+etan" o, e.g., +eo+/e in $ortern an estern )uro+e,

$ort Ameria an (a+an.

Our on/usion is tat te otrine o -ena sou/ e an is ere"moi;e to tis etent tat -ivi/ Servie emoranum -iru/ar $o. 27,Series o 1990, more s+ei;a//" +aragra+ 1E


38/52

su etension o servie as ma" e neee to om+/ete ;teen 15E "earso servie. !n oter ors, -ena rea emoranum -iru/ar $o. &5 in sua a" as to om+ort it -ena4s on on/usion reae itout regar totat emoranum -iru/ar. !n vie o te on/usion tat e toa" reaein te instant ase, tis /ast ru/ing o -ena is +ro+er/" regare as mere/"oiter.

e a/so o not e/ieve it neessar" to etermine eter -ivi/ Servieemoranum -iru/ar $o. 27 is u//" om+ati/e it Oe o te>resient4s emoranum -iru/ar $o. &53 tis Puestion must e reserveor etai/e ana/"sis in some uture


39/52

VOL. %C%, (UL 1%, 200%

%%1

Government Servie !nsurane S"stem vs. ontes/aros

G.#. $o. 1%&%9%. (u/" 1%, 200%.'

GOV)#$)$T S)#V!-) !$SU#A$-) SST), -eu -it" Dran, +etitioner,vs. !LAG#OS O. O$T)S-LA#OS, res+onent.

Government Servie !nsurane S"stem GS!SE3 >ensions3 *e;nition o?*e+enent@3 Uner >.*. $o. 11%& te +rimar" ene;iaries are 1E tee+enent s+ouse unti/ su s+ouse remarries an 2E te e+enent

i/ren.:Uner >* 11%&, te +rimar" ene;iaries are 1E te e+enents+ouse unti/ su s+ouse remarries, an 2E te e+enent i/ren. Teseonar" ene;iaries are te e+enent +arents an /egitimateesenants ee+t e+enent i/ren. Te /a e;nes e+enent as ?te/egitimate, /egitimate, /ega//" ao+te, a6no/ege natura/ ori//egitimate i/ o is unmarrie, not gainu//" em+/o"e, an not overtent"one "ears o age or is over tent"one "ears o age ut +"sia//"or menta//" ina+aitate an ina+a/e o se/su++ort.@ Te term a/soin/ues


40/52

o++ortunit" to e ear.:ere te em+/o"ee retires an meets tee/igii/it" rePuirements, e aPuires a veste rigt to ene;ts tat is+rotete " te ue +roess /ause. #etirees enjo" a +rotete +ro+ert"interest enever te" aPuire a rigt to immeiate +a"ment uner +reeisting /a. Tus, a +ensioner aPuires a veste rigt to ene;ts tat aveeome ue as +rovie uner te terms o te +u/i em+/o"ees4 +ensionstatute. $o /a an e+rive su +erson o is +ension rigts itout ue

+roess o /a, tat is, itout notie an o++ortunit" to e ear.

Same3 Same3 Same3 A io4s rigt to reeive +ension o//oing teemise o er usan is a/so +art o te usan4s ontratua/om+ensation.:!n aition to retirement an isai/it" ene;ts, >* 11%&a/so +rovies or ene;ts to survivors o eease government em+/o"eesan +ensioners. Uner >* 11%&, te e+enent s+ouse is one o teene;iaries o survivorsi+ ene;ts. A io4s rigt to reeive +ensiono//oing te emise o er usan is a/so +art o te usan4sontratua/ om+ensation.

-onstitutiona/ La3 )Pua/ >rotetion o te La3 A statute ase onreasona/e /assi;ation oes not vio/ate te onstitutiona/ guarant" o teePua/ +rotetion o te /a3 #ePuirements or a Va/i an #easona/e-/assi;ation.:A statute ase on reasona/e /assi;ation oes notvio/ate te onstitutiona/ guarant" o te ePua/ +rotetion o te /a. TerePuirements or a va/i an reasona/e /assi;ation are 1E it must reston sustantia/ istintions3 2E it must e germane to te +ur+ose o te/a3 CE it must not e /imite to eisting onitions on/"3 an %E it musta++/" ePua//" to a// memers o te same /ass. Tus, te /a ma" treat

%%C

VOL. %C%, (UL 1%, 200%

%%C


an regu/ate one /ass iFerent/" rom anoter /ass +rovie tere arerea/ an sustantia/ iFerenes to istinguis one /ass rom anoter.

Same3 Same3 Same3 Te +roviso in Puestion oes not satis" teserePuirements.:Te +roviso isriminates against te e+enent s+ouseo ontrats marriage to te +ensioner itin tree "ears eore te+ensioner Pua/i;e or te +ension. Uner te +roviso, even i tee+enent s+ouse marrie te +ensioner more tan tree "ears eore te+ensioner4s eat, te e+enent s+ouse ou/ sti// not reeivesurvivorsi+ +ension i te marriage too6 +/ae itin tree "ears eorete +ensioner Pua/i;e or +ension. Te ojet o te +roiition is vague.

Tere is no reasona/e onnetion eteen te means em+/o"e an te+ur+ose intene. Te /a itse/ oes not +rovie an" reason or +ur+ose orsu a +roiition.

>)T!T!O$ or revie on ertiorari o a eision o te -ourt o A++ea/s.


-A#>!O, (.

Te -ase

Tis is a +etition or revie on ertiorari o te *eision1 ate 1C*eemer 2000 o te -ourt o A++ea/s in -AG.#. -V $o. %878%. Te -ourt

o A++ea/s arme te *eision2 o te #egiona/ Tria/ -ourt, Dran 21,-eu -it" ?tria/ ourt@E, i e/ tat i/agros Oriso ontes/aros isentit/e to survivorsi+ +ension.

Te Jats

Sangguniang Da"an memer $io/as ontes/aros ?$io/as@E marriei/agros Oriso ?i/agros@E on 10 (u/" 198C.C $io/as as a 72 "ear o/ioer en e marrie i/agros o as ten %C "ears o/.


41/52

On % (anuar" 1985, $io/as ;/e it te Government Servie !nsuraneS"stem ?GS!S@E an a++/iation or retirement ene;ts


42/52

9 Arti/e 117 o te Jami/" -oe reas

Art. 117. Te o//oing are onjuga/ +artnersi+ +ro+erties

1E Tose aPuire " onerous tit/e uring te marriage at te e+enseo te ommon un, eter te aPuisition e or te +artnersi+, or oron/" one o te s+ouses3

2E Tose otaine rom te /aor, inustr", or6 or +roession o eiteror ot o te s+ouses3

%%5

VOL. %C%, (UL 1%, 200%

%%5


e/ tat retirement ene;ts, i te +ensioner as earne or serviesrenere an or i te +ensioner as ontriute troug mont/"sa/ar" eutions, are onerous aPuisitions. Sine retirement ene;ts are+ro+ert" te +ensioner aPuire troug /aor, su ene;ts are onjuga/+ro+ert". Te tria/ ourt e/ tat te +roiition in Setion 18 o >* 11%& iseeme re+ea/e or eing inonsistent it te Jami/" -oe, a /ater /a.

Te Jami/" -oe as retroative eFet i it oes not +rejuie or im+airveste rigts.

GS!S a++ea/e to te -ourt o A++ea/s, i arme te eision o tetria/ ourt. =ene, tis +etition or revie.

!n te meantime, in a /etter ate 10 (anuar" 200C, i/agros inorme te-ourt tat se as ae+te GS!S eision isPua/i"ing er rom reeiving

survivorsi+ +ension an tat se is no /onger intereste in +ursuing tease.10 -ommenting on i/agros4 /etter, GS!S asserts tat te -ourt musteie te ase on te merits.11

Te -ourt i// reso/ve te issue es+ite te maniestation o i/agros. Teissue invo/ves not on/" te /aim o i/agros ut a/so tat o oter survivings+ouses o are simi/ar/" situate an ose /aims GS!S ou/ a/so en"ase on te +roviso. Soia/ justie an +u/i interest eman tat ereso/ve te onstitutiona/it" o te +roviso.

Te #u/ing o te -ourt o A++ea/s

Te -ourt o A++ea/s agree it te tria/ ourt tat te retirement ene;tsare onerous an onjuga/ eause te +ension ame rom te eease+ensioner4s sa/ar" eutions. Te -ourt o A++ea/s e/ tat te +ension isnot gratuitous sine it is a eerre om+ensation or servies renere.

Te !ssues

GS!S raises te o//oing issues

1. eter Setion 1& o >* 11%& entit/es i/agros to survivorsi+

+ension3


43/52

%%&

%%&



2. eter retirement ene;ts orm +art o onjuga/ +ro+ert"3

C. eter Arti/es 25% an 25& o te Jami/" -oe re+ea/e Setion 18

o >* 11%&.12

Te -ourt4s #u/ing

Te +ertinent +rovisions o >* 11%& on survivorsi+ ene;ts rea

S)-. 1&. Survivorsi+ Dene;ts.:en a memer or +ensioner ies, teene;iar" sa// e entit/e to survivorsi+ ene;ts +rovie or in setionsseventeen an eigteen ereuner. Te survivorsi+ +ension sa// onsist

o

1E asi survivorsi+ +ension i is ;t" +erent o te asi mont/"+ension3 an

2E e+enent4s +ension not eeeing ;t" +erent o te asi mont/"+ension +a"a/e in aorane it te ru/es an regu/ations +resrie "te S"stem.

S)-. 17. *eat o a emer.:aE U+on te eat o a memer, te +rimar"ene;iaries sa// e entit/e to

1E te asi mont/" +ension i is guarantee or ;ve "ears3>rovie, Tat, at te o+tion o te ene;iaries, it ma" e +ai in /um+

sum as e;ne in tis At >rovie, urter, Tat, te memer is entit/eto o/age +ension at te time o is eat3 or

2E te asi survivorsi+ +ension i is guarantee or tirt" montsan te e+enent4s +ension3 >rovie, Tat, te eease a +ai at/east tirt"si mont/" ontriutions itin te ;ve"ear +erioimmeiate/" +reeing is eat, or a tota/ o at /east one unre eigt"mont/" ontriutions +rior to is eat.

E At te en o te guarantee +erios mentione in te +reeing susetion aE, te survivorsi+ +ension sa// e +ai as o//os

1E en te e+enent s+ouse is te on/" survivor, e sa// reeive teasi survivorsi+ +ension or /ie or unti/ e remarries3

2E en on/" e+enent i/ren are te survivors, te" sa// e entit/eto te survivorsi+ +ension or as /ong as te" are Pua/i;e3

CE en te survivors are te e+enent s+ouse an te e+enenti/ren, te" sa// e entit/e to te survivorsi+ +ension so /ong as tereare e+enent i/ren an, tereater, te surviv


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ing s+ouse sa// reeive te asi survivorsi+ +ension or /ie or unti/ eremarries.

E !n te asene o +rimar" ene;iaries, te seonar" ene;iariesesignate " te eease an reore in te S"stem, sa// e entit/eto

1E a as +a"ment ePuiva/ent to tirt" times te asi survivorsi++ension en te memer is Pua/i;e or o/age +ension3 or

2E a as +a"ment ePuiva/ent to ;t" +erent o te average mont/"om+ensation or ea "ear e +ai ontriutions, ut not /ess tan ;veunre +esos3 >rovie, Tat, te memer +ai at /east tirt"si mont/"ontriutions itin te ;ve"ear +erio immeiate/" +reeing is eator +ai a tota/ o at /east one unre eigt" mont/" ontriutions +rior tois eat.

E en te +rimar" ene;iaries are not entit/e to te ene;tsmentione in +aragra+ aE o tis setion, te" sa// reeive a as+a"ment ePuiva/ent to one unre +erent o te average mont/"om+ensation or ea "ear te memer +ai ontriutions, ut not /ess

tan ;ve unre +esos. !n te asene o +rimar" ene;iaries, teamount sa// revert to te uns o te S"stem.

S)-. 18. *eat o a >ensioner.:U+on te eat o a +ensioner, te +rimar"ene;iaries sa// reeive te a++/ia/e +ension mentione uner+aragra+ E o setion seventeen o tis At >rovie, Tat, tee+enent s+ouse sa// not e entit/e to sai +ension i is marriage itte +ensioner is ontrate itin tree "ears eore te +ensionerPua/i;e or te +ension. en te +ensioner ies itin te +erioovere " te /um+ sum, te survivorsi+ +ension sa// e +ai on/" ater

te e+iration o te sai +erio. Tis sa// a/so a++/" to te +ensioners/iving as o te eFetivit" o tis At, ut te survivorsi+ ene;t sa// ease on te mont/" +ension eing reeive at te time o eat.)m+asis su++/ieE

Uner >* 11%&, te +rimar" ene;iaries are 1E te e+enent s+ouseunti/ su s+ouse remarries, an 2E te e+enent i/ren.1C Teseonar" ene;iaries are te e+enent +arents an /egitimateesenants ee+t e+enent i/ren.1% Te /a e;nes e+enent as?te /egitimate, /egitimate, /ega//" ao+te, a6no/ege natura/ ori//egitimate i/ o is unmarrie, not gainu//" em+/o"e, an not overtent"one "ears o age or is over tent"one "ears o age ut +"sia//"or menta//" ina+aitate


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an ina+a/e o se/su++ort.@ Te term a/so in/ues te /egitimates+ouse e+enent or su++ort on te memer, an te /egitimate +arento//" e+enent on te memer or su++ort.15

Te main Puestion or reso/ution is te va/iit" o te +roviso in Setion 18

o >* 11%&, i +roviso +roiits te e+enen

Part 2 Escra

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