Part 1: A New Spirit: Expansion. James Monroe was elected president, Democrat-Republican Federalists finished as a political party Presidents Washington,

CHAPTER 9

Part 1: A New Spirit: Expansion

THE ELECTION OF 1816 James Monroe was elected president,

Democrat-Republican Federalists finished as a political party Presidents Washington, Jefferson,

Madison, and Monroe were all from Virginia; they became known as the Virginia Dynasty

THE NEW NATION LOOKS WESTWARD Great population growth happened as

well as gaining new lands Indiana was admitted as a state in 1816 Mississippi became a state in 1817 Illinois in 1818 Alabama in 1819 United States now has 22 states

WESTERNERS WERE DIFFERENT In the west there was a huge difference

in people In the west people were equal, they

helped and protected each other It was difficult, lonely, dangerous, and

required a lot of work to live in the west This spirit that spawned from the west

became known as “nationalism” Henry Clay brought it to congress

FRONTIER STATES HAD PROBLEMS Four big problems in the west:

1. Needed roads for transportation2. Land prices needed to be inexpensive and

regulated by government3. People needed loans from banks4. Markets for farm goods needed protection

from the government

CHAPTER 9

Part 2: The South

FARMING IN THE SOUTH Southern conditions were great for

farming with long growing seasons, abundant rainfall, and broad, fertile lowlands

Grew lots of cash crops such as: cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, and hemp

The south had to buy most of their manufactured goods from Europe, and with tariffs added to these good it made for high prices

KING COTTON IN THE SOUTH Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in

1793 The gin separated the cotton from the

seeds Before the gin cotton was not very

profitable, it took lots of slave labor to separate

After the gin it became very profitable and cotton became know as either “King Cotton” or “White Gold”

Cotton was the king of the south and lots of slaves were needed to work it

NORTHERN STATES DEVELOP INDUSTRY

Industry has always been large in the northern states

They wanted the government to keep European good out of the U.S. to help industry grow

View points were being heard from three separate regions:Southern statesWestern frontierNorthern New England States

CHAPTER 9

Part 3: Monroe’s Leadership

MONROE’S CABINET Due to the growing

sectionalism amongst the states Monroe chose his cabinet very carefully:Secretary of State: John Quincy

Adams of MassachusettsSecretary of War: John C.

Calhoun of South CarolinaSecretary of the Treasury: William

Crawford of Georgia He chose his cabinet to

represent all sections of the country to make all happy

THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS Two terms of Monroe were called “the

era of good feelings” Monroe was elected to a second term

with all the electoral votes except 1 One vote was given to the other

candidate just to keep George Washington as the only president ever elected unanimously

SPANISH FLORIDA Trouble along the Georgia-Florida line Complaints of Indian attacks from

Florida Indians taking slaves Spanish encouraging slaves to escape to

Florida

MONROE TAKES ACTION John C. Calhoun put Andrew Jackson in

charge of settling the matter Jackson put together an force Led the attack into Florida and captured

the Spanish stronghold of Pensacola, Florida

Spanish were upset by this action Adams-Onis Treaty came out of this

Spain gave all of Florida to the U.S. for $5 million

CHAPTER 9

Part 4: Slavery

SLAVERY BECOMES AN ISSUE

By 1819 western settlers had added 4 states:1. Indiana2. Mississippi3. Illinois4. Alabama

Next Missouri asked to be added as the 12th slave state due to its slave count

There were 11 slave states and 11 free states, power in the senate was balanced between the North and South until Missouri wanted to join

This created problems with the North and debate was heated

THE DEBATE CONTINUES Missouri would be the first slave state

west of the Mississippi River North afraid that slavery would spread

through the whole Louisiana region South afraid that if it was admitted as a

free state then it would destroy the slavery system currently used

Debate became very heated, because which every side Missouri joined would determine who had power in the government

MAINE SEEKS STATEHOOD Debate continued for several months Maine asked to join as a state during

this time; a free state This could solve the problems Henry Clay, who became known as “The

Great Compromiser” came up with a plan to satisfy both sides

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE Statehood for Missouri and Maine

combined Missouri would be allowed as a slave

state Maine would join as a free state This would provide 12 free states and 12

slave states Also no slavery would be allowed north

of the 36° 30’ of the Louisiana Territory; except Missouri

This resolved this issue temporarily

CHAPTER 9

Part 5: Other Problems

EUROPEAN PROBLEMS European colonies

wanted to revolt against their mother countries and become free as America

American continent began to rebel against their governments

AMERICANS BECOME ALARMED Many of the European countries agreed

to send powerful armies and fleets to regain control of their colonies in North and South America

British didn’t take part in the agreement, because trade was very profitable for them and if they joined that would come to an end

THE BRITISH MAKE A PROPOSAL George Canning, British foreign

secretary, suggested England and American join together and form a warning to all European countries to stay out of Latin America

Most agreed, however the president was talked out of it and into creating our own warning called the “Monroe Doctrine”

THE MONROE DOCTRINE Announced his doctrine during annual

message to congress It stated that any European country that

tried to extend its influence in the western hemisphere would be taken as a threat to the safety of the U.S.

British not happy about the Americans doing this on their own

Europe didn’t take seriously, however didn’t act until years later

CHAPTER 9

Part 6: Election Time

THE ELECTION OF 1824 Due to the sectionalism occurring in the

America at this time; the West, North, and South all wanted different leadership of the country

This created 5 candidates that would run for presidency in this election

Virginia Dynasty was about to end as well as the Southern Influence

THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES

Nominations:New England – John Quincy Adams

(Massachusetts)Henry ClaySouth had two candidates – William Crawford

(Georgia) - John C. Calhoun (South Carolina)

However, Calhoun decided to withdraw from the running and support the very popular Andrew Jackson

DO YOU RECOGNIZE THIS MAN?

This man is on a well known American item, what is it? It is used frequently in many places you may go.He of course was one of our presidents and a

very famous general.

MAJORITY AND PLURALITY We need to understand these two terms to

understand the election results Majority is when somebody gets over 50% of the

votes in an election Plurality is when somebody gets the most votes

however it is not more than 50% Of the 261 electoral votes:

Jackson = 99 Adams = 84 Crawford = 40 Clay = 37

Jackson had plurality however not majority Due to this the House of Representatives would

vote on the top three candidates and choose the winner

THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MUST DECIDE

Henry Clay was eliminated because he had the least votes

Because Crawford only had 40 votes he was also not a popular candidate

Henry Clay didn’t want Jackson to be president so he worked hard to persuade others that he should not be president

It worked, John Q. Adams was chosen as president

Jackson was angry and felt that Adams and Clay worked against him; he vowed to win the next election