Parliamentary Short

8/6/2019 Parliamentary Short

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parliamentary-short 1/16

Shift fromShift fromPresidential BicameralPresidential Bicameral

to Parliamentaryto ParliamentaryUnicameralUnicameral

By:By:

JOJI ILAGAN BIANJOJI ILAGAN BIAN

COMMISSIONERCOMMISSIONER

Charter Change Advocacy CommissionCharter Change Advocacy Commission



Presidential/ Parliamentary/Presidential/ Parliamentary/

Bicameral System Unicameral SystemBicameral System Unicameral System

Features of Presidential Features of Presidential SystemSystem

I.I. Separation of powers of Separation of powers of

the 3 branchesthe 3 branches

JudicialJudicial

ExecutiveExecutive LegislativeLegislative

Features of Parliamentary Features of Parliamentary SystemSystem

I. Fusion of Executive andI. Fusion of Executive and

Legislative BranchesLegislative Branches

JudicialJudicial

LegislativeExecutive



EXECUTIVE

and LEGISLATIVE

Characterized by the fusion or Characterized by the fusion or

union of the executive and union of the executive and

legislative branchlegislative branch



The powers of government areThe powers of government are

exercised by the Parliament under exercised by the Parliament under

the leadership of the Prime Minister,the leadership of the Prime Minister,who belongs to the majority party or who belongs to the majority party or

majority coalition of political partiesmajority coalition of political parties



H ead of State

H ead of Government

Members of the Parliament





II.II. CHECKS ANDCHECKS ANDBALANCEBALANCE

EXECUTIVEEXECUTIVELOWER HOUSELOWER HOUSE

UPPER HOUSEUPPER HOUSE

II.CHECKS ANDII.CHECKS ANDBALANCEBALANCE

SHADOWSHADOWCABINETCABINET

QUESTION HOUR QUESTION HOUR

VOTE OF NOVOTE OF NOCONFIDENCECONFIDENCE

DISSOLUTION OFDISSOLUTION OFPARLIAMENTPARLIAMENT





III.III. E ffects of E ffects of Separation of Separation of

Powers and ChecksPowers and Checksand Balances:and Balances:

A.A. Intense rivalry andIntense rivalry andcompetition for Powercompetition for Poweramong the Branches of among the Branches of governmentgovernment

B. Gridlock and ImpasseB. Gridlock and Impasseresultresult

C. Failure of GovernmentC. Failure of Governmentto move forward toto move forward toachieve its programsachieve its programs

III.III.

E ffects/ConsequenceE ffects/Consequence s of Fusion: s of Fusion:

A. Rivalry andA. Rivalry andcompetition for powercompetition for poweris largely eliminatedis largely eliminated

B. The Fusion of B. The Fusion of Executive andExecutive and

Legislative BranchesLegislative Brancheseliminates gridlockeliminates gridlockC. There is aC. There is a

coordinated, efficientcoordinated, efficient& effective exercise of & effective exercise of legislative & executivelegislative & executive

powers.powers.




Bicameral System Unicameral SystemBicameral System Unicameral SystemDD.. Waste of Money andWaste of Money andResourcesResources

Congress and Senate have theCongress and Senate have thefollowing budgets:following budgets:

SENATE Budget of SENATE Budget of approximately P1.2 Billionapproximately P1.2 Billion

P72 million in committeeP72 million in committeefunds;funds;

P12million in travel funds:P12million in travel funds:

plus undetermined officeplus undetermined officefundsfunds

House of RepresentativesHouse of RepresentativesBudget of approximately P4.5Budget of approximately P4.5BillionBillion

Combined PDAF (Pork Barrel)Combined PDAF (Pork Barrel)

of P21 Billionof P21 Billion

D. More costD. More costeffective:effective:

Waste of moneyWaste of moneyand resources isand resources iseliminated.eliminated.





E.Lack of E.Lack of Responsiveness toResponsiveness tothe Publicthe Public

1.1. Because of the fixedBecause of the fixedterm of the president,term of the president,

and the members of and the members of the Senate andthe Senate andCongress, they forgetCongress, they forgetto be responsive to theto be responsive to thepublic. After all, theypublic. After all, theyremain secure in theirremain secure in their

positions.positions.

2. It is not easy to point2. It is not easy to pointto the other branchesto the other branchesas the cause of theas the cause of the

failure to performfailure to perform

E.More Responsive andE.More Responsive andAccountable to theAccountable to thePeoplePeople

1. The Prime Minister and1. The Prime Minister andCabinet Members do notCabinet Members do not

have fixed terms. Theyhave fixed terms. Theymay be removed anytimemay be removed anytimeby a vote of by a vote of No No C onfidenceC onfidence bybyParliament.Parliament.Parliament may beParliament may be

dissolved fordissolved forunsatisfactoryunsatisfactoryperformance.performance.

2. Responsibility for poor2. Responsibility for poorperformance is easilyperformance is easily

determined.determined.





IV. Nature of IV. Nature of ElectionsElections

A. Nationwide inA. Nationwide inscope to elect ascope to elect aPresident andPresident andSenatorsSenators

IV. Nature of IV. Nature of ElectionsElections

A. No moreA. No morenationalnationalelections.elections.Elections will allElections will all

be in legislativebe in legislativeor Congressionalor CongressionalDistrictsDistricts





B. E ffects of B. E ffects of National National E lections:E lections:

1. Too expensive:1. Too expensive:

P2P2--P5 Billion resulting inP5 Billion resulting inpolitical debts thatpolitical debts thatstart a cycle of start a cycle of corruptioncorruption

2. Persons with fame,2. Persons with fame,popularity and moneypopularity and money(regardless of (regardless of qualifications) are thequalifications) are the

ones who get electedones who get elected

BB. E ffects of having. E ffects of havingLocal E lectionsLocal E lectionsonly:only:

1.1. Much less expensiveMuch less expensive

2. Persons known in the2. Persons known in theDistrict and CommunityDistrict and Communityto have competence into have competence ingovernance and whogovernance and whohave a heart for publichave a heart for publicservice now stand aservice now stand abetter chance of beingbetter chance of beingelectedelected







3.3. Getting elected is notGetting elected is notbased on party platformbased on party platformand ideology but on theand ideology but on thepersonalities andpersonalities andpopularity of thepopularity of thecandidatecandidate

4. The nationally elected4. The nationally electedleaders are distant andleaders are distant anddetached from thedetached from the

peoplepeople

3. Getting elected will be3. Getting elected will beprogram and ideologyprogram and ideology--based. A party will alsobased. A party will alsobe selected in thebe selected in theelections. ³elections. ³T urncoatismT urncoatism´́is prohibited.is prohibited.

4. The members of 4. The members of parliament, having beenparliament, having beenelected locally are moreelected locally are more

accessible to theiraccessible to theirconstituencies; are moreconstituencies; are moreresponsiveresponsive



V V . Removal from Office. Removal from Office

of Head of Government of Head of Government

By impeachmentBy impeachment

Effects:Effects:

1. Leads to military1. Leads to militaryadventurismadventurism

2. Leads to instability2. Leads to instabilityand people powerand people power

revoltsrevolts

By Vote of By Vote of

No ConfidenceNo Confidence



V . Removal from OfficeV . Removal from Office

of Head of Government of Head of Government



TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL : LEAST CORRUPT COUNTRIESTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL : LEAST CORRUPT COUNTRIES

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004

1. FINLAND1. FINLAND FINLANDFINLAND FINLANDFINLAND FINLANDFINLAND FINLANDFINLAND

2. DENMARK2. DENMARK DENMARKDENMARK DENMARKDENMARK ICELANDICELAND NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND

3. NEW ZEALAND3. NEW ZEALAND NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND DENMARKDENMARK

4. SWEDEN4. SWEDEN ICELANDICELAND ICELANDICELAND DENMARKDENMARK ICELANDICELAND

5. CANADA5. CANADA SINGAPORESINGAPORE SINGAPORESINGAPORE SINGAPORESINGAPORE SINGAPORESINGAPORE

6. ICELAND6. ICELAND SWEDENSWEDEN SWEDENSWEDEN SWEDENSWEDEN SWEDENSWEDEN

7. NORWAY7. NORWAY CANADACANADA CANADACANADA NETHERLANDSNETHERLANDS SWITZERLANDSWITZERLAND

8. SINGAPORE8. SINGAPORE NETHERLANDSNETHERLANDS LUXEMBOURGLUXEMBOURG AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA NORWAYNORWAY

9. NETHERLANDS9. NETHERLANDS LUXEMBOURGLUXEMBOURG NETHERLANDSNETHERLANDS NORWAYNORWAY AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

10. UNITED10. UNITEDKINGDOMKINGDOM NORWAYNORWAY

UNITEDUNITEDKINGDOMKINGDOM SWITZERLANDSWITZERLAND NETHERLANDSNETHERLANDS

11. LUXEMBOURG11. LUXEMBOURG AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA CANADACANADA UNITED KINGDOMUNITED KINGDOM

12. SWITZERLAND12. SWITZERLAND SWITZERLANDSWITZERLAND NORWAYNORWAY LUXEMBOURGLUXEMBOURG CANADACANADA

13. AUSTRALIA13. AUSTRALIAUNITEDUNITED

KINGDOMKINGDOM SWITZERLANDSWITZERLANDUNITEDUNITED

KINGDOMKINGDOM AUSTRIAAUSTRIA

14. USA14. USA HONGKONGHONGKONG HONGKONGHONGKONG AUSTRIAAUSTRIA LUXEMBOURGLUXEMBOURG

15. AUSTRIA15. AUSTRIA AUSTRIAAUSTRIA AUSTRIAAUSTRIA HONGKONGHONGKONG GERMANYGERMANY

16. HONGKONG16. HONGKONG ISRAELISRAEL USAUSA GERMANYGERMANY HONGKONGHONGKONG

17. GERMANY17. GERMANY USAUSA CHILECHILE BELGIUMBELGIUM BELGIUMBELGIUM

18. CHILE18. CHILE CHILECHILE GERMANYGERMANY IRELANDIRELAND IRELANDIRELAND

19. IRELAND19. IRELAND IRELANDIRELAND ISRAELISRAEL USAUSA USAUSA

20. SPAIN20. SPAIN GERMANYGERMANY BELGIUMBELGIUM CHILECHILE CHILECHILE



PEOPLE POWERPEOPLE POWERChange the ConstitutionChange the Constitution

Now!Now!

Parliamentary Short

Documents