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Parking Lot Design
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Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Dec 18, 2015

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Rodger Lester
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Page 1: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Parking Lot Design

Page 2: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Ingress and Egress

• Number of Parking Spaces

• Size of Parking Spaces

• Accessibility

• Aisle Width

• Pedestrian Circulation

• Special Vehicle Access

• Off-Street Loading Area

• Waste Disposal

• Drainage

• Landscaping

• Lighting

Page 3: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Ingress and Egress

The means of entering and leaving the site

• Regulated by state and local governments• Width• Slope• Drive radius• Pavement composition

• Encroachment permit

Page 4: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Ingress and Egress

• Discourage through traffic

• Rule of thumb

• Less than 5000 vehicles/day use single 2-way

drive or two 1-way drives

• Align new drives with other access drives

• Local regulations

• Distance from corners and other drives

Page 5: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Number of Parking Spaces

• Dictated by local codes

• Dependent upon use of the building

• Example requirements

©iStockphoto.com

Page 6: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Size of Parking Spaces• Parallel

• Most difficult to access• Avoid if possible

• Ninety-degree• Most spaces per area• Typical size: 9 ft x 18 ft or 19 ft• More difficult to access than angles• Not recommended for short term parking

• Angled • Size varies according to angle• 60 degree parking most common

Page 7: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Accessibility

• Accessible parking required

Page 8: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Accessibility

• Size of accessible parking spaces

Page 9: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Accessibility

• Size of accessible parking spaces

ADA ABA Accessibility Guidelines

Page 10: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Aisle Width

• Dictated by local codes

• Two-way aisle is preferable

• Typical two-way aisle is 24 feet wide

• May be less for one-way traffic

©iStockphoto.com

Page 11: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Pedestrian Circulation

• Separate pedestrians from traffic• Provide accessible route to entrance from

parking, public transportation, and adjacent buildings

Typical walkway widths• 3 ft wide for one-way • 5 ft wide for two-way

©iStockphoto.com US. Department of TransportationFederal Highway Administration

Page 12: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Pedestrian Circulation

• Align parking spaces for easy pedestrian movement

TM 5-803, Site Planning and Design courtesy Department of the Army.

PREFERRED PERPENDICULAR ALIGNMNET PARALLEL ALIGNMNET

Page 13: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Special Vehicle Access

• Plan for access for special vehicles that may access the site• Fire engines• City buses• School buses• Tractor trailers• Garbage trucks

• Research required road widths, turn radii, and parking

©iStockphoto.com

Page 14: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Off-Street Loading Area• Plan for access for loading and

unloading of products and materials

• Best practices• Locate loading area away from traffic• Locate loading area out of view

• Check local requirements

©iStockphoto.com

Page 15: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Waste Disposal

• Plan for dumpster and garbage truck access

• Best practice – Screen dumpster from view• Fence• Wall• Landscaping

• Check local regulations

©iStockphoto.com

Page 16: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Drainage

• Traditional design slopes pavement toward storm drains

• LID techniques• Reduce impervious surface

area• Permeable pavement• Permeable paver blocks• Drain to adjacent buffers,

strips, and swales• Drain to nearby

bioretention areasCourtesy the Environmental Protection Agency

Page 17: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Landscaping

• Improves aesthetics

• Building base landscaping

• Provides shade

• Parking screen (buffer)

• Parking islands

©iStockphoto.com

Page 18: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Lighting

©iStockphoto.com

• Improves safety

• Often required by local regulations• Provides light to illuminate property but

does not illuminate adjacent property

Page 19: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Example

Page 20: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Ingress and Egress

• Number of Parking Spaces

• Size of Parking Spaces

• Accessibility

• Aisle Width

• Pedestrian Circulation

• Special Vehicle Access

• Off-Street Loading Area

• Waste Disposal

• Drainage

• Landscaping

• Lighting

Page 21: Parking Lot Design. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ingress and Egress Number of Parking Spaces Size of Parking Spaces Accessibility Aisle Width Pedestrian Circulation.

Image Sources

Istockphoto. (2009). Retrieved December 15, 2009, from www.istockphoto.com

Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Stormwater management best practices. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from

http://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/stormwater/best_practices.htm#permeablepavers

Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board. (2004) ADA and ABA accessibility guidelines for buildings and

facilities. Retrieved November 20, 2009, from http://www.access- board.gov/ada-aba/preamble.htm

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. (n.d.) Flexibility in highway design. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/flex/ch03.htm