Paris, a new economic geography for the metropolitan area Sprawl & Reagglomeration – Vertical spatial disintegration Frédéric Gilli - Sciences Po, Chaire.

Paris, a new economic geographyfor the metropolitan area

Sprawl & Reagglomeration – Vertical spatial disintegration

Frédéric Gilli - Sciences Po, Chaire Ville

LSE 'London Group'06.23.2008

Paris, 1970s – 00s : a new economic geography

From an iconic monocentric city to a multipolar metropolis: how disintermediation, disindustrialization and spatial disintegration have changed the Economy of Paris Geography ?

Greater Paris Area : introduction to the local geography of people and jobs Industrial transformation and Spatial disintegration :

– Sprawl AND Reagglomeration

– Diversity AND Specialization

Evolution of the metropolitan organization : – Local and metropolitan systems embedded

– Discontinuities and fuzziness

Greater Paris Area - within the Paris Basin

Greater Paris Area, an interregional metropolis

Greater Paris Area – The Metropolitan structure and its evolution

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

160 000

180 000

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52

distance to Paris (km)

inh. / km²per municipality

75 quantile

90 quantile

95 quantile

Mean

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

160 000

180 000

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52

distance to Paris (km)

jobs / km²per municipality

75 quantile

90 quantile

95 quantile

Mean

Employment geography - Sprawl and Reagglomeration

Evolution 1975-1999Paris : -320 000 jobsCore : +100 000 jobsClusters : +390 000 jobsSprawl : +320 000 jobs

Local share of the metropolis 1975 1999Paris : 36% 28%Core : 27% 27%Clusters : 20% 25%Sprawl : 17% 21%

core

Employment clusters in the greater Paris Area, 1999

Employment dynamics – Sprawl AND Reagglomeration

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

Evolution de l'emploi dans la Région Urbaine de Paris 1993-2006

Tot RUP

Polarisé

Non polarisé

GC Non polarisé

GC polarisé

région IdF

année

base 100=1993

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

Evolution de l'emploi dans la Région Urbaine de Paris1993-2006

Tot RUP

région IdF

Paris

GC hors IdF

GC Idf

PC IdF

année

base 100=1993

What kind of Clusters? – Vertical spatial disintegration

GPA commuting system – Metropolis and proximity

The municipal median commuting distance diminishes at the fringes of the urban core

+

The average commuting distance increases in almost all the municipalities

=

Two types of job systems, a local one that narrows and a metropolitan one that is getting wider

Evolution of the median travel to work journey by municipality, 1990-1999

GPA commuting system

– Monocentric / multipolar / polynuclear

Multipolarisation des espaces locaux dans la RUP

Communes polarisées(plus de 10% de la population)

MultipolariséeBi-polarisée dont ParisBi-polarisée (sans Paris)Polarisée par ParisPolarisée par un pôle (autre que Paris)Aucun Pôle n'attire

How many clusters attract the population of the municipality?

3+2

10

Number of clusters

The 'zone dense',an introduction to spatial complexity

What kind of Geography – fuzzyness

bureaux étrangers

Mise en œuvre territoriale - Trois échelles métropolitaines

cinémas diplômés du

supérieur

Mise en œuvre territoriale - Trois échelles métropolitaines