Parasitic Diseases of the Fish 2

7/24/2019 Parasitic Diseases of the Fish 2

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PARASITIC DISEASESPARASITIC DISEASES

OF THE FISHOF THE FISH

Metazoan parasitesMetazoan parasites


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Regnum:Regnum: AnimaliaAnimalia

Subregnum:Subregnum: MetazoaMetazoa

Phyllum:Phyllum: Plathelminthes (fatworms)Plathelminthes (fatworms) Class:Class: MonogeneaMonogenea

Class:Class: Digenea (digenetic trematodes)Digenea (digenetic trematodes)

Class:Class: Cestoda (tapeworms)Cestoda (tapeworms)

Phyllum:Phyllum: Acanthocephala (spiny-headedAcanthocephala (spiny-headed

worms)worms)

Phyllum:Phyllum: Nematoda (round worms)Nematoda (round worms)

Phyllum:Phyllum: AnnelidaAnnelida Class:Class: Hirudinea (leech)Hirudinea (leech)

Phyllum:Phyllum: ArthropodaArthropoda

Class:Class: CrustaceaCrustacea


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Monogeneoses piscium

onogeneoses p sc umMonogeneoses o! "ish (s#inMonogeneoses o! "ish (s#in

and gill fu#es)and gill fu#es) common parasites of the skin andcommon parasites of the skin and

gills, marine and freshwater shes,gills, marine and freshwater shes,

hermafrodites, host specic, oiparoushermafrodites, host specic, oiparous

or iiparous, more than !"## speciesor iiparous, more than !"## species monogeneans possess posterior organmonogeneans possess posterior organ

of attachment $ haptor, armed withof attachment $ haptor, armed with

hooks or suckers %clamps&hooks or suckers %clamps&H$ hoo#sM mouth%H

opistohaptor&N intestineP'% prohaptor% oary*+ testis


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!amily,!amily,Dactylogyridae Dactylogyridae dactylogyrosisdactylogyrosis

predominantly gill parasites,oiparous,predominantly gill parasites,oiparous,

anteriorly one or more pairs of eyespots,anteriorly one or more pairs of eyespots,

one pair of central hooks,!' marginalone pair of central hooks,!' marginalhooks, #,( $ ( mm long,hooks, #,( $ ( mm long,

D.extensus,vastator, crassus,anchoratusD.extensus,vastator, crassus,anchoratus

minutus,macracanthus,lamellatus,etc.)minutus,macracanthus,lamellatus,etc.)

a adult worm . egg c oncomiracidiumd !ree swimming


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!amily,!amily,Gyrodactylidae Gyrodactylidae gyrodactylosisgyrodactylosis

worldwide parasites of the skin, ns, gills,worldwide parasites of the skin, ns, gills,

iiparous, pair central and !) peripheralliiparous, pair central and !) peripherallhooks, #,* $ !,# mm longhooks, #,* $ !,# mm long (G.katharineri(G.katharineri,anquillae ,cyprini ,truttae , medius,,anquillae ,cyprini ,truttae , medius,salmonis, salaris ,etc.)salmonis, salaris ,etc.)


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!amily,!amily,Diplozoidae - twin wormsDiplozoidae - twin worms

+shaped body, gill parasites, oiparous, *+shaped body, gill parasites, oiparous, *

$ -mm long,$ -mm long,(Diplozoon paradoxum(Diplozoon paradoxum,Eudiplozoon nipponicum),Eudiplozoon nipponicum)

A - host/ eggC oncomiracidiumD diporpa

+ !usion o! diporpa" adult


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symptoms,skin cloudiness ,small blood spfocal reddening ,hemorrhages ,deep skineroded ns ,epithelial hyperplasia of gill ,s


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rema o oses p sc umu *rematodoses o! "ish*rematodoses o! "ish

(digenean fu#e0trematode0(digenean fu#e0trematode0

in!ection)in!ection) endoparasites, hermafrodites, adultendoparasites, hermafrodites, adultworms usualy ! *# mm, about !-##worms usualy ! *# mm, about !-##

species of adult infect sh, life cyclespecies of adult infect sh, life cycle

inole one or three hosts to completeinole one or three hosts to completetheir life cycle, adulttheir life cycle, adult

stage is parasitic instage is parasitic in

ertebrates,ertebrates,

sh may sere assh may sere asthe second intermediatethe second intermediate

hosts or as denitie hostshosts or as denitie hosts


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Adult stagesdigeneans Rhipidocotyle illense (1 mm intestine pi#e pi#e-

perch perch)

Bucephalus polymorphus (12 mm intestine pi#e-

perch perch) Allocreadium carprarum (13 43 mm intestine

carp)

Azygia lucii (32 mm stomach pi#e .ur.ot perch)

Clinostomum complanatum(3 5 mm musclescichlids)

Crepidostomum farionis (6 mm intestine salmonids)

anguinicola inermis (1 mm .lood essels heartcold and warm water 7sh common .ighead grass

carp rain.ow cutthroat .roo# trout)8anguinicolosis o! 7sh - .lood fu#es

a eggs. miracidiumc snail

d cercariume adult

A

testis/ -

symptoms,adultintestinal trematodes$ not pathogenic,

blood /ukes damagegills, su.ocation,thrombosis, tissuenecrosis, massiemortalities


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&n!ections .y metacercarie Diplostomum spathaceum! "osthodiplostomum

cuticola! #ylodelphis cla$ata! %etagonimusyo&ogawai! 'pisthorchis $i$errini! 'pisthorchisfelineus! Clonorchis sinensis! "aragonimuswestermani! (eterophyes heterophyes! etc)

Diplostomosis *D)spathaceum+A 7nal host

/ eggC miracidiumD 19intermediate host+ cercaria" 49intermediate host: metacercaria

structure o! adultdigenean

symptoms,cercariae penetratethrough the gills and migrate iathe blod system to the eye s,unior bilateral blindness, cataracts,e0ophthalmus, emaciation, dark

colour


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Postodiplostomosis*"osthodiplostomumcuticola+! black

spot disease

A metacercaria/ metacercaria encyst inthe s#in(hyperpigmentation hostreaction)

A 7nal host/ eggsC miracidiumD 19intermediatehost+ cercaria"


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Metagonimosis*%etagonimus yo&ogawai+


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Clonorchosis *Clonorchis sinensis+

1 eggs4 19intermediate host3 cercariae6 cercaria sheds thetail and attaches the 7sh2 metacercaria in themuscle o! 49intermediatehost

1 metacercaria swallowedwith 7sh4 small intestine3 .ile duct

6 gall .ladder2 .ile duct

'oute o! in!ection and migr


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Heterophyes in!ection *(eterophyesheterophyes! ()nocens! ()continua! ()dispar+


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Cestodoses pisciumCestodoses piscium

Cestodoses o! "ishCestodoses o! "ish

(tapeworms)(tapeworms) endoparasites o! digestie tract asadults or iscera and musculature as alarae herma!rodites li!e cycle one ortwo intermediate hosts 7sh can .e anintermediate host de7nite host or .oth

scole= (attachment organ) proide withsuc#ers hoo#s grooes spinesglandular areas

.ody (stro.ila) is su.diided into anum.er o! segments (proglottids)


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Caryophyllaeus ,mriceps (12 - 42mm carp tenchcat7sh )

.hawia sinensis (6> - 1?>mm carp cat7sh )

#riaenophorus nodulosus !#)crassus (4>> - 6>>mmpi#e)

Cyathocephalus truncatus (trout grayling sturgeon)

Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (12> 4>>mm carp)

"roteocephalus neglectus (1>> 12>mm trout

grayling) /igula intestinalis (?>>mm 7sh eating .irds)

Diphylloothrium latum (1> 14 m 7sh eatingmammals)

@i!e cycles o! 7sh parasitic cestodes andintermediate hosts *cyclops!diaptomus!tu


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@igulosis*/igulaintestinalis+

a9 egg.9 coracidiumc9 19intermediate hostd9 49intermediate host with

plerocercoide9 7nal host

symptoms,peritoneal adhesion,pressureatrophy of the lier, gonads and

body wallmusculature, growth retardation,abdominal distension, anore0ia

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;%%N%8&8Diphyllo.othriosis(Diphyllo.othriumlatum)

male

!emale

Nemato oses pisciumemato oses

p sc um


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Nemato oses pisciumemato oses p sc umNematodoses o! "ishNematodoses o! "ish

(roundworms)(roundworms)

worldwide distributed, gonochorist,worldwide distributed, gonochorist,oiparous or iiparous, deelopmentoiparous or iiparous, deelopment

is direct or indirect, sh are denite,is direct or indirect, sh are denite,

intermediate orintermediate or

paratenic host,paratenic host,

ontogenesis ofontogenesis of

nematodes runs asnematodes runs as

metamorphosismetamorphosisinoling four laralinoling four laral

stages %1! $1'& stages %1! $1'&


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Raphidascaris acus (4>-42 mm pi#e .ur.ot trout perch'ligochaeta or Copepoda! ,sh! intestine pyloric caecalier )

Cucullanus truttae (13-12 mm trout intestine pyloriccaeca )

Camallanus sp) (2-1> mm perch pi#e pi#eperch guppyCyclop! intestine )

Cystidicola farionis (12-3> mm trout swim.ladder )

Anguillicola crassus (43-62 mm eel swim.ladderCopepoda )

Capillaria sp)! "seudocapillaria sp) (1>-4> mm discusangel7shcichlids)

"hilometra sp)(1>-3> mm carp .ody caity )


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CapillariosisCapillariosis*Capillaria sp)!"seudocapillariasp)+

symptoms, loss ofappetite and emaciation,reduced actiity,enteritis,light and dark faecalsegments,dark colour,mortality


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Anisa#iasis *Anisa&is sp)!"seudoterrano$asp)!Contracaecum sp)+


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:nathostomiasis *Gnathostoma spinigerum!G)hispidum+

third stage lara @3

head o! Gnathostoma sp)

egg

the males aresmaller (11 42

mm) than !emales(42 26 mm) andpossessred tail

copepod with @4 lar

can ocep a oses p sc um


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can ocep a oses p sc umAcanthocephaloses o! "ish

(spiny 0thorny0-headed

worms) cylindrical worms with trunk, neck andcylindrical worms with trunk, neck and

retractile proboscis carrying hooks,retractile proboscis carrying hooks,

about '## species a.ecting intestine ofabout '## species a.ecting intestine offreshwater and marine shesfreshwater and marine shes

se0es are separate %gonochorist&,se0es are separate %gonochorist&,

deelopment inoles one intermediatedeelopment inoles one intermediatehost $microcrustacean %amphipods,host $microcrustacean %amphipods,

copepods, ostracods&copepods, ostracods&


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1eoechinorhynchus rutili (4-2mm chu. trout other7sh ostracoda)

"omphorhynchus lae$is (1>mm chu. eel other 7shgammarus)

2chinorhynchus truttae (1>-4>mm troutgammarus)

Acanthocephalus anguillae (1>mm chu. pi#eperchAsellus sp))

Acanthocephalus lucii(2mm perch chu. eel other7shAsellus sp))

gammarus withthree larae o!Pomporhynchus sp

symptoms,malnutrition,in/amatioand perforation of intehaemorrhages, emacia

Hi di i i i


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Hirudineosis pisciumHirudineosis o! "ish (7sh

leech) dorso $ entrally /attened hermafroditesdorso $ entrally /attened hermafroditespossess anterior and posterior suckerspossess anterior and posterior suckers

parasite on skin, gills, ns and oral caityparasite on skin, gills, ns and oral caity

of marine and freshwater sh, not hostof marine and freshwater sh, not hostspecicspecic

direct life cycle, eggs are included in packdirect life cycle, eggs are included in packof !(## into a cocoon, adults transmitof !(## into a cocoon, adults transmit

iruses, bacteria and haemoparasitesiruses, bacteria and haemoparasites


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(emiclepsis marginata *34 mm+

"iscicola geometra *54 mm+

Cystoranchus respirans *67 mm+ 8ohanssonia arctica *39 mm+

Calliodella $i$ida *67 mm+

"iscicola salmositica *67 mm+

symptoms,anemia, palegills, small red or white

lesions on skin, smallbleeding ulcers,subcutaneoushemorrhage , erosion,emaciation, secondaryinasion by bacteria and

fungi


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Arthropodoses pisciumArthropodoses o! "ish

about (### species are parasites, attackabout (### species are parasites, attack

marine and freshwater sh, ectoparasitesmarine and freshwater sh, ectoparasites%skin, gills, ns&, serious pathogen of%skin, gills, ns&, serious pathogen of

commercial and wild sh , cause unsightlycommercial and wild sh , cause unsightly

changes in the /esh, mortalitychanges in the /esh, mortality

life cycle comprises !" freeliing naupliuslife cycle comprises !" freeliing nauplius

stages, !" freeliing or parasiticstages, !" freeliing or parasitic

copepodit %chalimus& stages, ! pre adult,copepodit %chalimus& stages, ! pre adult,

and nally the adult parasiteand nally the adult parasite


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+rgasiloses o! "ish

su.class,Copepoda

!amily,2rgasilidae *2)sieoldi! 2)lizae!

2)luciopercarum! 2)ner&ae! 2)laracis!2)riani ! etc)+

mm long only !ertilized !emales areparasitic

symptoms,e0san2uination ,haemorrhage , in/amation,atrophy of gill lament,epithelial hyperplasia,secondary infections, weak

swimming, dark colour,su.ocation, mortality

@ernaeoses o! "ish


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@ernaeoses o! "ish

su.class,Copepoda

genus,/ernaea - anchor worms (/ernaeacyprinacea! /)polymorpha! /)cruciata +

oer 6> species worldwide distri.utioncommon pests in !reshwater auaculture o!cyprinids salmonids and other 7shparticularly pathogenic to small 7sh high

mortality attac# the super7cial layers o!the .ody musculature

symptoms,haemorrhages, muscle necrosis,in/ammation, skin

lesions, ulcers,mortalit


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Arguloses o! "ish

su.class,Branchiura

genus,Argulus 7sh lice*Argulus foliaceus!

A):aponicus! A)coregoni+ a.out 1>> species up to 1 cm in length

attac# s#in and 7ns o! many !reshwater 7shthroughout the world adult can surie !or

seeral days away !rom 7sh cause massmortalities

symptoms, infected sh are lethargic, stop feeding, sh try toremoe the parasite by rubbing againts the substrate, frayed ns,haemorrhagic spots, in/ammation, secondary infections, mortality


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!amily,!amily,CaligidaeCaligidae (su.class,Copepoda)

/epeophtheirus salmonis (sea lice) main

parasites o! sea-caged Atlantic salmonCaligus

elongatus cosmopolitan species has .een!ound on oer 5> species o! 7sh


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genus,genus,/ernaeocera/ernaeocera (su.class, Copepoda)

widespread parasite o! marine 7sh (codtunny sole etc9) attach to the sur!ace o!

the s#in and gills /ernaeocera ranchialis! /)lusci! /)minuta

genus, almincola (su.class,Copepoda)

) californiensis! )salmonea! )edwardsii!

(gill maggot)


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genus,genus, phyrionphyrion (su.class,Copepoda)

phyrion lumpi! )lae$igatum attac#muscle o! many species o! marine 7sh

!amily, Cymothoidae! Gnathiidae(su.clas,;sopoda)

.lood-!eeding marine isopods in!estgills s#in .uccal and gill caities o! manyspecies marine 7sh

Parasitic Diseases of the Fish 2

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