Jornadas Convergencia Ciencia-Tecnología, Alcalá de Henares, 1-Marzo-2005 Dpto. Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain http://dipc.ehu.es/arubio E-mail: [email protected]¿Para qué sirven los nanotubos? Angel Rubio
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Jornadas Convergencia Ciencia-Tecnología, Alcalá de Henares, 1-Marzo-2005
Dpto. Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and Centro Mixto CSICUPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain http://dipc.ehu.es/arubio Email: [email protected]
Breve HistoriaRichard Feynman There is plenty of room at the bottom, “Until researchers had tools sized just right for directly manipulating atoms and molecules”1959
1981
1986Manipulación atómica1990
Capas atómicas, pozos cuánticos, Laser de semiconductor, Materiales de GMR
STM
AFM
1980 MBE
1985
1991
Fullerenos
Nanotubos carbonoIijima
Xe en Ni(110)
Aparece la palabra nanotecnología por primera vez en un articulo científicoRorher y Binnig –
P. Nobel
Smalley – P. Nobel
Eigler
1999 nanotube transistor; 1999 Tour and Reed molecular electronics, 2000 Clinton iniciativa de nanociencia
The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004
Objetivos en Nanociencia¿Donde estamos y a donde vamos?
Materiales de alta dureza y resistencia Nuevos materiales para MEMS y sensores Materiales inteligentes con sensores y actuadores
Production of pure and clean double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) in high yield
Nature 433, 476 (2005)
Nanotubos: ¿nuevo material base en nanociencia?Propiedades eléctricas
Semiconductor, aislante, metálico o superconductor en función de su estructura
Conductividad como el Cobre
Propiedades térmicas
Precio actual: 400 $ el gramo!!!
A ESCALA NANOMÉTRICA : materiales libres de DEFECTOS
100 VECES MAS RESISTENTE QUE
EL ACERO PERO MAS LIGERO !!
FLEXIBLE!
Propiedades mecánicas
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un descompresor YUV420 codec.
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Aplicaciones:
•PANTALLAS para televisión (comercial)
•NANOCOMPOSITES: Polímeros más duros y resistentes. Plásticos conductores
•ALMACENAMIENTO Y CONVERSIÓN DE ENERGÍA: Adsorbe hidrogeno
•NANOELECTRÓNICA (6% patentes)
•SENSORES
Carbon Nanotubes-based Field Emission Display (6 inches) from CEA/LETI technologies Grenoble (courtesy of Jean Dijon)
film
Nanotubes: Mechanical Response
Buckling
Twisting
Young’s Modulus ~ 1-1.5 TpaOne of the Strongest, Stiffest MaterialHighly Flexible, Elastic, DeformableNovel Molecular PlasticityExtremely Light, So High Specific Strength
Courtesy: Dr. B. Yakabson
Strength Chart
Nanotubes exhibit electrical conductivity as high as copper, thermal conductivity as high as diamond, strength 100 times greater than steel at one sixth the weight, and high strain to failure.
From NASA
Arthur C. Clarke (1978) “Fountains of Paradaise”
El ascensor espacial !!!
“At the third annual international conference on the space elevator being held in Washington, D.C. (2204), scientists and engineers are tackling hurdles that must be overcome for the concept to, quite literally, get off the ground”
Nanobalance: P. Poncharal et al, Science 283, 1513 (1999)
From the resonance frequency 968 kHz, the calculated mass of this 308-nm-diameter particle is approx 30 fg, assuming spherical geometry and bulk density. Eb = 90 GPa for this 42-nm-diameter nanotube, so that the calculated unloaded resonant frequency of the tube is 3.28 MHz. This nanobalance technique is a direct way to weigh individual particles in the femtogram-to-picogram size range
P. Kim and C.M. Lieber, Science 286, 2148 (1999)
Nanotube Nanotweezers
Nanoscale linear bearingJ. Cumings, A. Zettl, Science 2000 July 28; 289: 602-604
Repeated extension and retraction of telescoping nanotube segments revealed
no wear or fatigue on the atomic scale. Demonstrated
the anticipated van der Waals energy-based retraction force
Nature 398, 761 (1999)
Economist, May2003
Nanoelectronics
Dónde estamos y de qué disponemos?
C. Gómez,P.J. De Pablo J. Gómez, B. Biel, F.J. Garcia-Vidal, AR and F. Flores (2005)
Designing Carbon Nanotubes for Interconnect Applications
Why Carbon Nanotubes ?
•Low Resistivity•Small Dimensions•Mechanically Robust•High Current Densities•No Electromigration•High Thermal Conductivity