paperbattery429-140502030200-phpapp02(1)

PAPER THIN FILM BATTERIES PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS

Under the Guidance of SUBMITTED BY Sri S.KUMAR M.Tech A.GOWTHAM KUMAR

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

FORMATION OF BATTERY

WORKING

ADVANTAGES

APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

• In August 2007, a research team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed the paper battery.

• It’s flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production device.

• Formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper.

• A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super capacitor.

• This combination allows the battery to provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.

INTRODUCTION

• It can be folded, cut or otherwise shaped for different applications without any loss of efficiency.

• It can be stacked in multiples of power output.• 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a

postage stamp.

FORMATION

• Combining cellulose with an infusion of aligned carbon nanotubes that are each approximately one millionth of a centimeter thick.

• These tiny filaments act like the electrodes found in a traditional battery, conducting electricity when the paper comes into contact with an ionic liquid solution.

• With no water in solution, it cannot freeze and hence operating temperature is upto -75 to 150 Degree Celsius.

CARBON NANOTUBES

• Carbon nanotubes (CNTs, also known as buck tubes) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.

• Nanotubes are the members of fullerene structural family, the diameter of the nanotube is on the order of few nanometers.

CARBON NANOTUBES

• These carbon nanotubes exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties and are essential thermal conductors.

• Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties.

• For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n = m, the nanotube is metallic; if n-m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is semiconducting with a very small band gap, otherwise the nanotube is a moderate semiconductor.

MANUFACTURING

• Growing the nanotubes on a silicon substrate and then filling the gaps in the matrix with cellulose.

• Once the matrix has dried, the material can be peeled off of the substrate, exposing one end of the carbon nanotube’s to act as an electrode.

• When two sheets are combined, with the cellulose sides facing inwards, a super capacitor is formed that can be activated by the addition of the ionic liquid.

• This liquid acts as an electrolyte and may include salt-laden solutions like human blood, sweat or urine.

MANUFACTURING

WORKING

• Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.

• Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.

• Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal.

• Electrons must flow from negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.

WORKING

ADVANTAGES

• The sheets can be rolled, twisted, folded, or cut into numerous shapes with no loss of integrity or efficiency, or stacked like printer paper to boost total output.

• The components are molecularly attached to each other: the carbon nanotube print is embedded in the paper, and the electrolyte is soaked into the paper.

• The medical uses are particularly attractive because they do not contain any toxic materials and can be biodegradable.

ADVANTAGES

• Conventional battery contains a number of separate components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it more energy efficient.

• No warm up time, power loss, component malfunction.

• Loss of energy while transferring power from one component to another component is less.

• Less energy lost in an integrated device.

APPLICATIONS

• The paper-like quality of the battery combined with the structure of the nanotubes embedded within - light weight and low cost.

• Cosmetic path: paper battery is set in ontophoresis patch for whitening and for wrinkles.

• Medical path: paper battery is set in iontophoresis patch. It helps to deliver functional drug i.e., local anaesthesia, antichloristic, anodyne, pace maker, etc., into the skin.

• RFID tag: paper battery is useful to use as a power source of active RFID tag.