Paper Title Paper Title Optimal Power Flow Considering Optimal Power Flow Considering Wheeling Charges Wheeling Charges By م ي ح ر ل ا ن م ح ر ل ه ا ل ل م ا س ب اض ري ل – ا ةّ ي ئ ا ري لكه ا ات ف ي ر ع ت ل ا دوة ي17-18 ر ي ا ن ئ2008 Eng. Saleh M. Bamasak Saudi Electricity Company-SEC DTA-Jeddah Dr. M. A. Abido King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals KFUPM
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Paper Title Optimal Power Flow Considering Wheeling Charges By
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ندوة التعريفات الكهربائيّة – الرياض 17-18 يناير 2008. Paper Title Optimal Power Flow Considering Wheeling Charges By. Outline :. Introduction OPF Classical OPF in Deregulation Wheeling Charge Definition. Wheeling Charge Methods Bialek Tracing Algorithms - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Paper TitlePaper Title
Optimal Power Flow Considering Optimal Power Flow Considering Wheeling ChargesWheeling Charges
By
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
ندوة التعريفات الكهربائي*ة – الرياض
2008 يناير 17-18
Eng. Saleh M. BamasakSaudi Electricity Company-SEC
Power transmission engineers perform many system studies … Stability, Transmission Expansion, Protection, OPF, etc. with objective functions suitable to vertically integrated electricity sectors.
Continuing trend towards deregulation and unbundling of electricity sectors has resulted in the need to reformulate many of power system objectives.
Optimal Power Flow OPF problem has to be reformulated in order to incorporate other objectives that resulted from deregulation such as “Wheeling Wheeling Chargers”Chargers”.
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Classical OPF
The classical OPF problem is a constrained optimization problem.
Two types of variables appear in this problem, state variables, denoted x, and control variables denoted u .
The state variables consist of bus voltage magnitudes and angles.
The control variables consist of adjustable quantities such as generator MW, terminal voltage, and transformer taps.
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The mathematical formulation of the classical OPF problem is the following
Minimize c(x,u) Subject to : g(x,u)=0
The function is typically generation cost.
The equality constraints g(x,u)=0 result from Kirchhoff’s current law. They are written as real and reactive power balance equations at each network node.
The inequality constraints f(x,u)<= 0 model physical and operational limits on the system components.
OPF In Deregulation Consider a power system in which the
generation, transmission and distribution services are unbundled.
In this structure, we have competing generation companies, (GENCOS), the regional transmission is operated by an independent system operator (ISO), and the customers are the distribution companies (DISCOS) as well as some large industrial loads.
The role of the ISO is to manage the transmission system such that reliable power is provided to the users at a minimum price.
The OPF objective in deregulation environment has to be
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Wheeling Def.
The term of wheeling is defined as “The use of transmission or distribution facilities of a system to transmit power of and for another entity or entities.”
Wheeling costs when applied to a transmission network, also called transmission costs, are the costs charged against generator companies and suppliers for their use of the transmission services.
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Wheeling Charges Methods
A B
LB=60MW+j20MVR
LA=60MW+j20MVR
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Wheeling Charges Methods
A B
LB=60MW+j20MVR
LA=60MW+j20MVR
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Wheeling Charges Methods
A B
LB=60MW+j20MVR
LA=60MW+j20MVR
A
BB
B
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From Previous Example: It is not fare that Trans. Company charge Supplier
(A) similar amount as Supplier (B) even though they generate same amount of Power??? “Postage stamp method”. “Postage stamp method”.
The usage of transmission network is vary from supplier to supplier based on suppliers and customers locations .
Fair Usage-Based Transmission’s cost allocation methods should be adopted for example “MW-“MW-Mile Method”. Mile Method”.
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MW-Mile Method Power flow calculations are used to determine the actual
paths that the power follows through the network.
This amount of MW is then multiplied by agreed per-unit cost of transmission capacity to get wheeling charge.
How to allocate the cost?
From engineering point of view, it is possible and acceptable to apply approximate models or sensitivity indices to estimate the contributions to the network flows from individual users such as Bialek Tracing Bialek Tracing AlgorithmAlgorithm
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Bialek Tracing AlgorithmBialek Tracing Algorithm
Is design for recovery of fixed transmission cost in a pool based market
The basic assumption used by tracing algorithms is the proportional sharing principle.
it is assumed that the nodal inflows are shared proportionally among the nodal outflows.
Extensive studies have shown its capability and efficiency in allocating transmission usage charge among different generators or loads.
producers and customers submit their bids and offers to the system operator, who also acts as market operator.
The system operator which must be independent from all the other parties, selects the bids and offers based on OPF calculationbased on OPF calculation that optimally clear the market while respecting the security constraints imposed by the transmission network.
This paper uses optimization technique as the dispatch algorithm for the economic dispatch problem, considering the wheeling charges.
The wheeling charges are calculated with a power flow based MW-Mile approach, where the power tracing from each generator is carried out using the Bialek’s tracing method.
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The proposed OPF algorithm is tested on a small test system, showing that the optimization algorithm is capable of dealing with non-linear and multi-objective problems.
The OPF algorithm can be scaled up as a useful tool for transmission companies to dispatch power at the least possible cost, where the cost to be minimized includes both fuel and wheeling cost.