Paper Reference(s) 6353/01 Edexcel GCE Economics Advanced Subsidiary Unit 3 – Managing the Economy Friday 8 June 2007 – Afternoon Time: 1 hour Materials required for examination Items included with question papers Nil Nil Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer EITHER Question 1 OR Question 2. Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ). Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 2 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 40. There are 20 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated. Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling. You are advised to spend the first 5 minutes reading the paper. In calculations you are advised to show all the steps in your working. Examiner’s use only Team Leader’s use only Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 Total Surname Initial(s) Signature Centre No. *M25113A0120* Turn over Candidate No. Paper Reference 6353 01 This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No. M25113A W850/6353/57570 10/10/5/ Econ153291_M25113A_AS_GCE_Econom1 1 02/01/2007 07:55:36
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Paper Reference(s)
6353/01Edexcel GCEEconomicsAdvanced SubsidiaryUnit 3 – Managing the EconomyFriday 8 June 2007 – AfternoonTime: 1 hour
Materials required for examination Items included with question papersNil Nil
Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature.Check that you have the correct question paper.Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer EITHER Question 1 OR Question 2. Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ). Information for CandidatesThe marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).There are 2 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 40. There are 20 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.
Advice to CandidatesYou will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.You are advised to spend the first 5 minutes reading the paper. In calculations you are advised to show all the steps in your working.
Examiner’s use only
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Paper Reference
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This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited.
Printer’s Log. No.
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Econ153291_M25113A_AS_GCE_Econom1 1 02/01/2007 07:55:36
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Answer EITHER Question 1 OR Question 2.
If you answer Question 1 put a cross in this box . .
Question 1 The Inflation Tar.etThe Inflation Tar.et
Extract 1 .raise for the .an..s control of inflation.raise for the .an..s control of inflation
Yesterday, at its hundredth meeting, the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decided to cut interest rates for the first time in two years. The move, which took the Bank’s interest rate (base rate) down from 4.75% to 4.5%, had been widely expected. The only debate was about the timing of the next interest rate cut.
‘The fact that the MPC has stayed within one percentage point of the inflation target over the past eight years is extraordinary. We never thought it would be achieved,’ said Alan Budd, who served on the MPC in its first two years. ‘In the past you often had a stable world and an unstable Britain. Now it is the other way around.’ The system, with its clearly defined target, industrial expertise, transparency and accountability, is a powerful combination.
Jonathan Loynes, of Capital Economics, says the inflation target has helped reduce swings in the economy but did not stop the significant increases in share and house prices in recent years. ‘There is some concern that the MPC has been too pessimistic about inflation and kept interest rates higher than they needed to be’ he said. He noted that the current rate of inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, had only just risen to its target after seven years below it. This was an indication that monetary policy has been too restrictive.
Source: adapted from The Guardian, 5 August 2005
Fi.ure 1 The history of ... inflationThe history of ... inflation
Note: Target changed in 2003 from retail price index excluding mortgage interest payments (RPIX) at 2.5% to consumer price index (CPI) at 2%.
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01976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003
Percentage change on previous yearSir Edward Geor.eGovernor of the Bank
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Fi.ure 2 ... base interest rate
(a) (i) With reference to Figure 1, explain how inflation is measured in the UK.
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(ii) Outline how the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) attempts to keep inflation ‘within one percentage point of the inflation target’ (Extract 1, line 5).
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(iii) Outline two possible costs for the economy experiencing ‘interest rates higher than they needed to be’ (Extract 1, line 14).
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(b) (i) Using an appropriate diagram, evaluate how ‘significant increases in share and house prices’ (Extract 1, line 12) are likely to affect the price level and equilibrium real output level in the UK.
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(ii) Outline two sources of information, apart from share and house prices, used by the MPC when it makes its interest rate decision.
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(c) Assess the implications for the UK economy of the cut in the interest rate, ‘down from 4.75% to 4.5%’ (Extract 1 line 3).
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If you answer Question 2 put a cross in this box . .
Question 2 Fiscal and Supply Side Policies in the UK
Extract 1 Gordon Brown’s Pre-Budget Report, December 2005
This Government is the first of any party to achieve eight years of uninterrupted growth since 1805. For the fifth successive year running, British growth is higher than in France, higher than in Germany, and higher than in Italy. Real GDP growth is expected to be 1.75 per cent in 2005 [revised downwards from the March 2005 estimate of 3.5 per cent].
There are several sources of growth: British business investment is rising this year by 3 per cent, and is expected to increase again next year by up to 3.5 per cent and then in 2007 by more than 4.5 per cent. As production grows, we expect exports to rise by more than 5 per cent next year and the year after. In addition, the Government is committed to providing new investment in Britain’s public services. Spending on public services will be £63 billion a year higher by 2007-08 compared with 2004-05. About 75 per cent of this increase will be spent on the Government’s priorities’s prioritiess priorities of education, health, social services, transport, housing and the fight against crime. The budget deficit is forecast to be £37 billion in 2005-06.
Figure 1 UK government spending on health and education
£ billions (rounded to nearest billion), current prices
Health Education
2004–2005 83 652005–2006 90 682006–2007 98 722007–2008 109 75
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Extract 2 The Chancellor has overspent and miscalculated
For the seventh forecast running, Gordon Brown had to admit that the current budget deficit was overshooting his targets for this year. His Pre-Budget report suggests that he is going to bridge the gap by increasing government spending more slowly than projected rises in tax revenues. Spending as a percentage of national income would peak at 38% in 2006 and then fall by 0.7 per cent of GDP over the following four years. Tax revenues are expected to rise by almost £16 billion (current prices), of which £2 billion will be raised by taxes on North Sea oil. This will produce a £20 billion improvement in the budget balance over the next five years.
Source: adapted from news report on the Pre-Budget News Report December 2005, Financial Times
(a) (i) What is meant by a bud.et deficit (Extract 1, line 13)?
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(ii) From Figure 1, calculate the percentage change in total spending on health and education from 2004-05 to 2007-08.
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(iii) Using aggregate demand and supply analysis, assess the likely long-run impact on the UK economy of the planned increase in health and education spending.
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(b) (i) Outlinei) Outline one reason why it might be necessary to revise the estimates for changes in GDP (Extract 1, lines 3 and 4).
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(ii) Analyse one possible implication for government policy of the inaccuracy of growth figures.
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(c) Analyse the likely impact of the expected rise in exports of 5% on GDP growth and the UK Balance of Payments (Extract 1, lines 7–8).
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(d) Assess the relative merits of demand side and supply side policies as measures to improve UK living standards.
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Econ153291_M25113A_AS_GCE_Econom15 15 02/01/2007 07:55:37
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(15)
TOTAL FOR .A.ER: 40 MAR..S
END
Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders where possible. In some cases, every effort to contact copyright holders has been unsuccessful and Edexcel will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement at the first opportunity.
Q2
(Total 40 mar.s)
Econ153291_M25113A_AS_GCE_Econom17 17 02/01/2007 07:55:38
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Econ153291_M25113A_AS_GCE_Econom18 18 02/01/2007 07:55:38
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Econ153291_M25113A_AS_GCE_Econom19 19 02/01/2007 07:55:38
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Econ153291_M25113A_AS_GCE_Econom20 20 02/01/2007 07:55:38
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