PAPER BATTERY

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PAPER BATTERY

UIET, PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SAYYAM GADHOKBE IIIrd Year

Seminar Guide:Mr Vishal Sharma

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CONTENTSIntroduction To BatteriesWhat is Paper Battery?About Carbon NanotubesFabrication of paper batteryWorking of paper batteryAdvantages of paper batteryLimitationsApplications of paper batteryConclusion

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Introduction To Batteries An electrical battery is one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.

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continued……….. Electrons flow from the negative terminal towards the positive terminal. CLASSIFIACTION OF BATTERIESBased on Recharging: Non rechargeable or primary cells Rechargeable or secondary cells Based on the Size: Miniature batteries Industrial batteries

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continued……….. Based on Nature of Electrolyte: Dry cell Wet cell

HAZARDS RELATED TOBATTERIES Explosion Corrosion Environmental Pollution Ingestion

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What is Paper Battery? A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin

energy storage and production device formed by combining carbon nanotube s with a conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper. Acts as both a high-energy battery and supercapacitor, combining two components that are separate in traditional electronics . This combination allows the battery to provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.

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continued…….. Non-toxic, flexible paper batteries have the potential to power the next generation of electronics, medical devices and hybrid vehicles, allowing for radical new designs and medical technologies. Paper batteries may be folded, cut or otherwise shaped for different applications without any loss of integrity or efficiency . Early prototypes of the device are able to produce 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a postage stamp.

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continued……..

The Black Piece of Paper can power a small light

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Carbon Nano tubes

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continued…… Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. Nanotubes have been constructed with length-to-diameter ratio of up to 132,000,000:1, significantly larger than any other material. These cylindrical carbon molecules have Novel Properties, making them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and other fields of materials science, as well as potential uses in architectural fields.

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continued…… They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient thermal conductors. In Paper Batteries the nanotubes act as electrodes, allowing the storage devices to conduct electricity. Carbon nanotubes have been implemented in Nano Electromechanical systems, including mechanical memory elements (NRAM being developed by Nantero Inc.)

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Fabrication of Paper Battery• Materials Required are:a) Copier paperb) Carbon Nano inkc) Oven• STEPS:Step 1: The copier paper is taken. Step 2: Carbon Nano ink which is black in color is taken. Carbon nano ink is a solution of nano rods, surface adhesive agent and ionic salt solutions. Carbon nano ink is spread on one side of the paper.

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continued……….• Step 3: The paper is kept inside the oven at 150C temperature. This evaporates the water content on the paper. The paper and the nano rods get attached to each other.• Step 4: Place the multi meter on the sides of the paper and we can see voltage drop is generated.

•After drying the paper becomes flexible, light weight in nature. The paper is scratched and rolled to protect the nano rods on paper.

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Fabrication process

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Working of Paper BatteryThe battery produces electricity in the same way as the conventional lithium-ion batteries that power so many of today's gadgets, but all the components have been incorporated into a lightweight, flexible sheet of paper.• Devices are formed by combining

cellulose with an infusion of aligned Carbon Nanotubes. The carbon is what gives the batteries their black color.

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continued………• Tiny filaments act like the electrodes

& conduct electricity when the paper comes into contact with an ionic liquid solution.

• Ionic liquids contain no water, which means that there is nothing to freeze or evaporate in extreme environmental conditions.

• Paper batteries can function between -75 to 1500 Celsius.

• Paper is made conducting by dipping in ink. Two sheets of paper kept facing inward act like parallel plates (high energy electrodes).

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continued……… 

• The paper electrode stores charge while recharging in tens of seconds because ions flow through the thin electrode quickly. In contrast, lithium batteries take 20 minutes to recharge

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ADVANTAGESFLEXIBLE SHAPE:a) Paper battery is that it can be bent to any

such shape or design that the user might have in mind.

b) The battery can easily squeeze into tight crevasses and can be cut multiple times without ruining the battery's life.

Example: If a battery is cut in half, each piece will function, however, each piece will only contain 1/2 the amount of original power. Conversely, placing two sheets of paper battery on top of one-another will double the power.

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continued……..REPLACE CONVENTIONAL BATTERIES:a) By layering sheets of this paper, the

battery's voltage and current can be increased that many times. Since the main components of the paper battery are carbon nanotubes and cellulose, the body structure of the battery is very thin, “PAPER THIN".

b) To maximize even more power, the sheets of battery paper can be stacked on top of one another to give off tremendous power.

c) Environment Friendly.

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continued…….MEDICAL APPLICATIONS:a) Supplies power to an implanted pacemaker

in the human body by using the electrolytes in human blood.

b) Battery can be energized by the electrolyte emitted from one's own blood or body sweat.

c) Leading to Conserve the usage of Battery Acid and rely on an environmental friendly mechanism of fueling battery cells with the help from our bodies.

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continued…….MOULDED INTO DIFFERENT SHAPES:The paper battery can be molded to take the shape of large objects, like a car door:As stated earlier, the key characteristics that make the paper battery very appealing are that it can be transformed into any shape or size, it can be cut multiple times without damaging it, and it can be fueled through various ways besides the typical harmful battery acid that is used in the current day battery.

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LIMITATIONSSIZE: Presently, the devices are only a few inches across and they have to be scaled up to sheets of newspaper size to make it commercially viable.EXPENSIVE: Carbon Nanotubes are very expensive, and batteries with large enough power are unlikely to be cost effective.DEFORESTATION: Cutting of trees leading to destroying the nature

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APPLICATIONSPacemakers

Alternate source of energyPowered smart cards RF ID tagsToys, Sound-booksEcards, greetings, talking posters

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CONCLUSION Replacing old bulky batteriesLess E-wasteReduce weight of electronic gadgets The adaptations to the paper battery techniquein the future could allow for simply painting the Nanotube ink and active materials onto surfaces such as walls. These surfaces can produce energy.

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http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htmhttp://everything2.com/e2node/Lithium%2520ion%2520batteryhttp://www.batteryuniversity.comhttp://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2008/january9/nanowire-010908.htmlhttp://www.nano.gov/html/research/industry.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fullerhttp://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=5210.php

Links To References

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