paper battery

PAPER bAttERy

PREsEntEd byk.Likhith vijAy sAi

143R1A0433

CONTENTS Introduction Alkaline battery Li-ion battery Problems with conventional battery Paper battery What is a paper battery Principle Carbon Nano-tube Structure of paper battery. Advantages over conventional batteries. Limitations Applications. References

03/31/15

Introduction A Battery convert chemical energy into the

electrical energy.

Alkaline battery Alkaline battery is a type

of primary cell (non-rechargeable).

Nominal cell voltage of 1.5V.

Construction , Last longer , & Variable sizes.

Li-ion Battery Constructed using graphite

rod, Lithium cobalt oxide as electrodes and lithium hexafluorophosphate as electrolyte.

Nominal cell voltage of 3.6-3.7V.

High specific power(300W/kg).

Problems with conventional batteries

Lower specific power compared to fuels. Weight and size. High charging time. Environmental hazards. Explosion, corrosion, leakage. High cost. Terminal voltage constraints.

Paper battery

What is a paper battery????

A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production device formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper.

Principle

The battery produces electricity in the same way as the conventional lithium-ion batteries, but all the components have been incorporated into a lightweight, flexible sheet of paper.

The devices are formed by combining cellulose with an infusion of aligned carbon nanotubes.

CARBON NANOTUBE Carbon nanotubes are

allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.

They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient thermal conductors.

Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family, the diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers

Spinning Carbon Nanotube

Graphene structure

Armchair (n , n) i.e. m=n

Carbon nanotube

Chiral (n , m)

FabricationThe materials required for the preparation of paper battery are:Copier paper and Carbon nano inkCarbon nano ink which is black in color is a solution of nano rods, surface adhesive agent and ionic salt solutions. Carbon nano ink is spread on one side of the paper. The paper is kept in the oven at 150 degree Celsius. This evaporates the water content on the paper.A thin lithium film is laminated over the exposed cellulose surface which completes our paper battery.

STRUCTURE OF PAPER BATTERY

MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF LAYERS

WORKING OF PAPER BATTERY

1.Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.

2. Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.

3. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal

4. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue

Advantages over conventional batteries

Biodegradable, Non Toxic & Biocompatible. Easily Reusable & Recyclable. Durable & Rechargeable. Very light weight & flexible. Easily moldable into desired shapes & sizes. Customizable output voltage.

LimitationsHave Low Shear strengthThe Techniques and the Set-ups used in the production of Carbon Nanotubes are very expensive and very less efficient. These are:(i) Arc discharge(ii) Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)(iii) Laser Ablation(iv) Electrolysis

APPLICATIONS Pace makers in heart

(uses blood as electrolyte)

Used as alternate to conventional batteries in gadgets

Powered smart cards RF id tags

Smart toys, children sound books

Do you Know ??

Paper batteries recharge themselves from the moisture in the air.

Paper battery offers future power The black piece of paper can power a small

light. Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy

demands of the next generation of gadgets. The ambition is to produce reams of paper that

could one day power a car. The paper battery was a glimpse into the future

of power storage.

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htmhttp://everything2.com/e2node/Lithium%2520ion%2520batteryhttp://www.batteryuniversity.comhttp://newsservice.stanford.edu/news/2008/january9/nanowire-010908.htmlhttp://www.nano.gov/html/research/industry.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fullerhttp://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=5210.php

Links for References