Paper-07.pdf - DDCE, Utkal University

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DDCE Utkal University

qhXr (E_.E.)

M.A. (Hindi)

Second Semester

PAPER - vII

AmYw{ZH$ H$mìÀmYw{ZH$ H$mìÀmYw{ZH$ H$mìÀmYw{ZH$ H$mìÀmYw{ZH$ H$mì`

boIH$boIH$boIH$boIH$boIH$

S>m°. e§H$abmb nwamo{hVS>m°. e§H$abmb nwamo{hVS>m°. e§H$abmb nwamo{hVS>m°. e§H$abmb nwamo{hVS>m°. e§H$abmb nwamo{hV

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nÌnÌnÌnÌnÌ - - - - - vII

E_.E. {hÝXr Ho$ {ÛVr` go_oñQ>a _| vII nÌ _| AmnH$m ñdmJV h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m erf©H$ h¡"AmYw{ZH$ H$mì`' Ÿ& d¡go nyao E_.E. qhXr _| H${dVm VrZ nÌm| _| n‹T>r OmZr h¡ Ÿ& nhbo Vmo nm§Md| nÌ _|àmMrZ qhXr H$mì`({dÚmn{V, M§X Iwgamo Am¡a M`m© Jr{V) H$m AÜ``Z H$aZm h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw N>R>o nÌ _|_Ü`H$mbrZ H$mì` (H$~ra, Om`gr, gya, Vwbgr, {~hmar VWm KZmZÝX) H$m AÜ``Z aIm J`m h¡ Ÿ& VXÝVa gmVd| nÌ _| AmYw{ZH$ H$mì` (àgmX, {Zambm, {XZH$a, Ako , _w{º$~moY VWm Yy{_b) H$mAÜ``Z H$aZm h¡ Ÿ& nm§Md| Ed§ N>R>o nÌ _| {h§Xr H$mì` H$s y{_H$m Am¡a {dH$mg na gå`H$ Ñ{ï> àmáH$aZo Ho$ ~mX A~ I‹S>r ~mobr qhXr Ho$ _¡XmZ _| nh±þM MwHo$ h¢ Ÿ& d¡go Vmo AmYw{ZH$ qhXr H$mì` ^maVoÝXwgo ewê$ hmoH$a h[aAm¡Y, _¡{WbreaU hmoVo hþE H$m\$s »`m{V àmá H$a MwH$m Wm Ÿ& _Ja BgH$m {ZIamê$n N>m`mdmXr wJ _| hr CnbãY hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& AmJo MbH$a qhXr H${dVm H$m Am¡a ^r A{YH$ ~m¡{ÕH$,H$bmË_H$ VWm gm¡ÝX`m©Ë_H$ {dH$mg àJ{Verb H${dVm VWm à`moJdmXr H${dVm XmoZm| Ho$ _ob go ~ZVmh¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma AmYw{ZH$, H${dVm H$mo h_Zo VrZ BH$mB`m| _| XoIm Ÿ& hm± na h_ nhbr w{ZQ> _| Ho$dbN>m`mdmXr H${dVm na MMm© H$a|Jo Ÿ&

nhbr BH$mB© Ho$ Xmo MaU h¢ ; nhbo _| Oè§H$a àgmX VWm Xygao _| gy`©H$m§V{ßnmR>r"{Zambm' Ÿ& hmbm§{H$ N>m`mdmX Ho$ Mma à_wI ñV^m| _| gw{_ÌmZÝXZ n§V Am¡a _hmXodr d_m© H$mZm_ ^r gpå_{bV h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw nmR²>`H«$_ _| BÝh| em{_b H$aZm g§ d Zht hþAm Ÿ& AV: N>m`mdmX Ho$Ho$db Xmo à_wI ñV§ àgmX Am¡a {Zambm na hr {deX MMm© hmoJr Ÿ&

Bg MMm© _| h_mam H«$_ ahoJm -

gd©àW_ N>m`mdmX H$m n[aM`, N>m`mdmXr wJ Am¡a d¡{eï>² {X`m Om oJm Ÿ& Vrgao A§e_| àgmX H$m H${d n[aM` Am¡a H¥${VËd Ho$ gmW CZH$m Ñ{ï>H$moU h_mar MMm© H$m {~ÝXw ahoJm Ÿ& VXZÝVaH$m_m`Zr H$m ì`mnH$ n[aM` VWm _hËd ñnîQ> H$a|Jo Ÿ& V~ _yb lÕm Am¡a b‚mm gJ© na H«$_mÝd` _|{díbofU X|Jo Ÿ& lÕm d b‚mm XmoZm| gJm] _| àgmX Ho$ H$mì` {eën na H$mì`ê$n, N>§X, b`, g§JrVAm{X H$s Ñ{ï> go {dMma hmoJm Ÿ& ^mfm g§~§Yr d¡{eï²>` na AbJ go àH$me S>mbm Om oJm Ÿ& Bg àH$ma_hmH$mì` Ho$ ì`mnH$ n[aàoú` _| XmoZm| gJm] na {dMma {H$`m Om oJm Ÿ&

nmR> na AmYm[aV h AÜ``Z H${dVm H$s ì`mnH$ g_` H$s Ñ¥{ï>> go H$m_m`Zr Ho$ d¥hÎmaê$n H$mo ~rM-~rM _| aoIm§{H$V H$aZm h_mam bú` hmoJm Ÿ&

H$m_m`Zr Ho$ ê$nH$ H$m CëboI H$aVo hþE g_H$mbrZ g§X © _| CgH$s ì`m»`m H$sOm oJr Ÿ& Bg àH$ma lÕm Am¡a b‚mm gJ© H$m VmËH$m{bH$ ahñ` ^r ñnï> {H$`m Om gHo$Jm Ÿ&

***

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UNIT - I

N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`

1. . . . . Oè§H$aàgmX : H$m_m`ZrOè§H$aàgmX : H$m_m`ZrOè§H$aàgmX : H$m_m`ZrOè§H$aàgmX : H$m_m`ZrOè§H$aàgmX : H$m_m`Zr

i))))) b‚mm gJ©b‚mm gJ©b‚mm gJ©b‚mm gJ©b‚mm gJ©

ii))))) lÕ m gJ©lÕ m gJ©lÕ m gJ©lÕ m gJ©lÕ m gJ©

2. . . . . gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'

i))))) am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm

ii))))) VwbgrXmg VwbgrXmg VwbgrXmg VwbgrXmg VwbgrXmg

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BH$mB© BH$mB© BH$mB© BH$mB© BH$mB© - I ( ( ( ( (àgmX - H$m_m`Zr : lÕm gJ©, b‚mm gJ© ;àgmX - H$m_m`Zr : lÕm gJ©, b‚mm gJ© ;àgmX - H$m_m`Zr : lÕm gJ©, b‚mm gJ© ;àgmX - H$m_m`Zr : lÕm gJ©, b‚mm gJ© ;àgmX - H$m_m`Zr : lÕm gJ©, b‚mm gJ© ;

{Zambm - Anam : am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm, VwbgrXmg){Zambm - Anam : am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm, VwbgrXmg){Zambm - Anam : am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm, VwbgrXmg){Zambm - Anam : am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm, VwbgrXmg){Zambm - Anam : am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm, VwbgrXmg)

{df` gyMr{df` gyMr{df` gyMr{df` gyMr{df` gyMr

1.1 N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`1.1.1 N>m`mdmXr H$mì`

Ÿ 1.1.2 N>m`mdmX1.1.3 wJrZ n[apñW{V`m±1.1.4 gm§ñH¥${VH$ OmJaU1.1.5 Oè§H$a àgmX H$m n[aM`1.1.6 H$m_m`Zr H$s H$Wm1.1.7 lÕm1.1.8 H$m_m`Zr H$m H$mì` gm¡ÝX ©1.1.9 N>§X à`moJ1.1.10 eãXm| H$m AW© {ddoMZ1.1.11 Aä`mg àíZ

1.2. b‚mm gJ© b‚mm gJ© b‚mm gJ© b‚mm gJ© b‚mm gJ©1.2.1. b‚mm H$WmZH$1.2.2 H$mì` gm¡ÝX ©1.2.3 Aä`mg àíZ

1.3.gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'1.3.1 {Zambm H$m n[aM`1.3.2 {Zambm H$mì` H$s d¡Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï>1.3.3 {Zambm H$m àoaUm òmoV1.3.4 {Zambm H$mì` _| ZdMoVZm1.3.5 "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$m H$WmZH$

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1.3.6 àVrH$mË_H$Vm1.3.7 H$mì` ê$n1.3.8 gmoÝX © -{dYmZ1.3.9 Hw$N> eãXm| Ho$ AW© g§Ho$V1.3.10 Aä`mg àíZ

1.4. VwbgrXmg VwbgrXmg VwbgrXmg VwbgrXmg VwbgrXmg1.4.1 H$WmZH$1.4.2 H$mì` Ñ{ï>1.4.3 Hw$N> H${R>Z eãX1.4.4 Aä`mg àíZ

1.5 Cn`moJr J«§WCn`moJr J«§WCn`moJr J«§WCn`moJr J«§WCn`moJr J«§W

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Ÿ* AmYw{ZH$ gm{hË` : ZÝXXwbmao ~mOno r, n¥.-319

N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`N>m`mdmXr H$mì`

1.1. N>m`mdmXr H$mì` :N>m`mdmXr H$mì` :N>m`mdmXr H$mì` :N>m`mdmXr H$mì` :N>m`mdmXr H$mì` :

AmYw{ZH$ qhXr H$mì` Vmo A§J«oOr amO Ho$ gmW-gmW OÝ_ boH$a nZnZo bJm Wm Ÿ& na§Vw àma§^_| `h B{Vd¥Îmm| go Ow‹S>m ahm Ÿ& nma§n[aH$ Zr{V H$s à~bVm ahr Ÿ& dU©ZmË_H$ A{^ì §OZm Bg_| à_wIahr Ÿ& ào_ hmo `m ûm¥§Jma, dh ñWyb Am¡a _m§gbVmnyU© dU©Z wº$ hþAm H$aVm Ÿ& gm§àXm{`H$ é{‹T>`m| goJ«ñV Ym{_©H$Vm à~b Wr Ÿ&

na§Vw wJ ~Xb ahm Wm Ÿ& _yë`m| na, Omo g_mO _| àM{bV Am¡a àdrU Wo, CZH$mo boH$a àíZCR>Zo bJo Ÿ& Z`r d¡km{ZH$ àJ{V go Z`r _mÝ`VmE°± ñWm{nV hmoZo bJr Ÿ& na§namJV Am¡a nwamVZ H$mo{dkmZ H$s H$gm¡Q>r na naI H$a CZH$m nwZ_y©ë`m§H$Z hmoZo bJm Ÿ& AV: H$mì` Ho$ _mZm| _| ^r n[adV©ZOê$ar hmo CR>m Ÿ&

1.1.1. N>m`mdmX :N>m`mdmX :N>m`mdmX :N>m`mdmX :N>m`mdmX :

O~ N>m`mdmX H$mì`ê$n _| à{V{ð>V hmoZo bJm, Vah-Vah H$s MMm©E± ~‹T>Zo bJr Ÿ& S>m°. am_Hw$_mad_m© H$m H$hZm h¡ -"" N>m`mdmX OrdmË_m H$s Cg A§V{Z©{hV àd¥{Îm H$m àH$meZ g§~§Y Omo‹S>Zm MmhVrh¡ Am¡a `h g§~§Y `hm± VH$ ~‹T> OmVm h¡ {H$ XmoZm| _| Hw$N> ^r A§Va Zht ah OmVm Ÿ&'' Bg àH$ma BgoAÜ`mË_dmX go Omo‹S>Zo bJo Ÿ& Bg_| ahñ`mË_H$ ^mdm| H$mo XoIH$a Hw$N> H${d`m| H$mo ahñ`dmXr H$hZobJo Ÿ& Eogo Yw§Y âo dmVmdaU _| ZÝXXwbmao ~mOnoB© Zo Cg na g§Vw{bV _§Vì` àXmZ H$a H$hm -"" ZB©N>m`mdmXr H$mì`Ymam H$m ^r EH$ AmÜ`mpË_H$ nj h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw CgH$s _w»` àoaUm Ym{_©H$ Z hmoH$a_mZdr` Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ h¡ Ÿ& Cgo h_ ~rgdt eVmãXr H$s d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a m¡{VH$ àJ{V H$s à{V{H«$`m^r H$h gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| ^maVr` AmÜ`mpË_H$ Xe©Z H$s Zdà{Vð>m H$m à`ËZ h¡ Ÿ& N>m`mdmX _mZdOrdZ, gm¡ÝX © Am¡a àH¥${V H$mo AmË_m H$m A{^Þ ê$n _mZVm h¡ Ÿ&*

Xygar Va\$ Ho$ AmbmoMH$ H$hVo h¢ N>m`mdmX _| A§J«oOm| Ho$ {déÕ ^maVr` OZVm H$m g§Kf©,

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ñdmYrZVm Ho$ {bE OZVm H$m Am§XmobZ geº$ ê$n _| CâVm {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& Cg g_` H$s amOZ¡{VH$MoVZm Bg {dMma H$mo g_W©Z XoVr h¡ Ÿ& AV: h_| _mZZm hmoJm {H$ N>m`mdmX _| AmÜ`mpË_H$ g§Ho$V h¢, na`h AmÜ`mpË_H$ m Ym{_©H$ H${dVm Zht h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| _mZd OrdZ H$m (B©ídar` brbm H$m Zht) WmW©{MÌ {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& _mZd H$s Amem-{Zamem, OrdZ g§Kf©, ûm¥§Jma mdZm Ho$ Ord§V {MÌ h¢ Ÿ& àH¥${V Ho$gm¡ÝX © H$m {Zê$nU H$a ^r _mZdr` gyú_ Am¡a AVrpÝÐ` MoVZm H$s gwÝXa Pm§H$s {M{ÌV hmoVr h¡ Ÿ&

1.1.3. `wJrZ n[apñW{V`m± : `wJrZ n[apñW{V`m± : `wJrZ n[apñW{V`m± : `wJrZ n[apñW{V`m± : `wJrZ n[apñW{V`m± :

^maVr` Cn_hmXoe na {dXoer {eH§$Om nyar Vah H$gm Om MwH$m Wm Ÿ& A§J«oOr amO Am¡a XograOdm‹S>o - Bg àH$ma hm± Xmo Vah H$m emgZ Mb ahm Wm Ÿ& A§J«oOm| Ho$ ~b na Xogr amOm r AnZr _Z_aOr H$m emgZ H$a aho Wo Ÿ& AV: OZVm amOZ¡{VH$ Ñ{ï> Xo Ìm{h-Ìm{h H$a CR>r Ÿ& Eogo g_` _| 1919

_| Jm§YrOr maVr` amOZ¡{VH$ _§M na CVao Ÿ& OZVm H$mo EH$ Z`m g§Xoe {_bm Ÿ& dh EH$ ZyVZ àoaUm _|â CR>r Ÿ&

BYa d¡km{ZH$ MoVZm _| ñdm{^_mZr ñda OJXre MÝÐ ~gw Zo â {X`m Ÿ& gm{hË` _| Z`mJm¡ad_` AÜ`m` adrÝÐZmW R>mHw$a Zo àñVwV H$a {X`m Wm Ÿ& AV: ñdV§ÌVm H$s MoVZm EH$ `WmW© ~ZJB© Ÿ& gmao Xoe _| h mdZm H«$_e: OmJZo bJr {H$ h_ maVr` EH$ _hmZ na§nam Ho$ CÎmam{YH$mar h¢ Ÿ&

d¡pídH$ n[aÑí` : 1919 - 1936 H$m H$mb Xmo {díd wÕm| Ho$ ~rM H$s Ad{Y h¡ Ÿ& `yamon EH$Amoa wÕ H$s {d^r{fH$m go C~a ahm Wm Ÿ& Xygar Am¡a {dkmZ Ho$ Z o Am{dîH$ma _mZdVm H$mo A{^ yV^r H$a aho Wo Ÿ& qMVZ Ho$ joÌ _| g_mO {dßbd Ho$ ~rM g_Ýd` H$a _mZd H$mo AmídmgZ Xo ahm Wm Ÿ&yamon Ed§ A_o[aH$m H$m Z o Am{W©H$ EO|S>o Ed§ amOZ¡{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m| Ho$ H$maU {dH$mg VoOr go hmo ahm

Wm Ÿ& d¡km{ZH$ Am{dîH$ma _mZd Ho$ {bE ^m¡{VH$ gwI-gw{dYm Ho$ §S>ma Imob aho Wo Ÿ& yamon H$s Bghdm H$m ê$I maV _| ~oM¡Zr n¡Xm H$a ahm Wm Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ maV CZHo$ _mb H$s _§S>r Wr Ÿ& AWm©V² ì`mnmaH$m AmYma, ny§Or H$m CËg maV Wm Ÿ& ê$g _| _mZdr` emofU Ho$ {déÕ _mŠg© H$m ñda Bg_| EH$ Am¡a~b Xo ahm Wm Ÿ& H«$m§{V MoVZm _| g§Kf© H$m ñda CJ« Wm Ÿ& AV: ^maVr` ñdV§ÌVm g§Kf© _| Bg Ymam Zo{deof y{_H$m Zht br Ÿ& na§Vw am_H¥$îU-{ddoH$mZÝX - Aa{dÝX H$s Zd H$ënZm, ZdmoÝ_ofnyU© dmUrJ«mø Wr Ÿ& g_yMm amï´> EH$ ZB© bha H$s àVrjm _| Wm Ÿ& AnZr Yam, AnZo B{Vhmg Am¡a AnZo {dH$mgH$mo boH$a Omo H$mì` MoVZm g_¥Õ hþB©, dh qhXr _| N>m`mdmX, ~m§½bm _| H$ëbmob wJ, Amo{‹S>`m _| g~wO`wJ Am¡a ^maV Ho$ {d{^Þ joÌm| _| Bgr Ho$ g_ê$n _| Câ ahr Wr Ÿ&

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1.1.4. gm§ñH¥${VH$ OmJaU : gm§ñH¥${VH$ OmJaU : gm§ñH¥${VH$ OmJaU : gm§ñH¥${VH$ OmJaU : gm§ñH¥${VH$ OmJaU :

AmYw{ZH$ wJ Ho$ gmW EH$ amï´> AnZo ApñVËd Ho$ à{V, AVrV Ho$ à{V Am¡a ^{dî` Ho$ à{VgMoVZ hmoZo bJm Ÿ& hr Wm X`mZÝX, am_H¥$îU Am¡a V{_b H${d gw~« Ê`_ maVr H$m md_yb Ÿ& h_AnZo Xme©{ZH$ - AmÜ`mpË_H$ _yë`m| Ho$ à{V gMoVZ hmo aho Wo Ÿ& gmao amï´> _| EoŠ` Ho$ gyÌ Vmo ñnï> Wo,na gMoVZ Zht hmoZo Ho$ H$maU BYa {H$gr H$m Ü`mZ Zht Wm Ÿ& {VbH$, JmoIbo, h[aZmamÙ,~§{H$_(d§Xo_mVa_), Jmon~§Yw Am{X Zo gdm©{YH$ _hËd Bg gm§ñH¥${VH$ EoŠ` H$mo {X`m Ÿ& ~§Jmb _|adrÝÐ Zo ZoV¥Ëd {b`m Ÿ& `h MoVZm AnZo H$mo nhMmZZo, AnZr e{º$ Ho$ à{V gMoVZ hmoZo Ho$ {bE~hþV _hËdnyU© Wr Ÿ& ~mX _| Jm§YrOr Zo Bg_| g_mO g§ñH$ma bmH$a n[aîH$aU H$m Oê$ar H$m_ {H$`m Ÿ&Jm§Yr Ho$ {bE AmOmXr H$m _wÔm _hËdnyU© Wm Ÿ& AV: Xoe «_U H$a CgH$m H$m ©nW {ZYm©aU {H$`m Ÿ&na gm{hË`H$ma H$m gnZm Hw$N> {^Þ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& dh Bg Am§XmobZ H$mo g_W©Z XoVo hþE ^r amOZr{V H$s~Om` gm§ñH¥${VH$ g§ñH$ma _| A{YH$ {dídmgr Wm Ÿ& AV: gmao Xoe Ho$ gm{hË` _| h gm§ñH¥${VH$ MoVZm(AVrV Ho$ Jm¡ad_` nÞo, nmÌ, na§nam, _yë` Am{X) Cg H$mì` m gm{hË` H$m nmWo ~Z JB© Ÿ& qhXrH$m N>m`mdmX Bg Ñ{ï> go gdm©{YH$ gMoVZ ^md wº$ {XImB© n‹S> ahm h¡ Ÿ& nyam N>m`mdmX Bg Ñ{ï> go{Z{d©dmX ê$n _| gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¥ð> y{_ na hr X§S>m`_mZ {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ&

AmJm_r H$m_m`Zr Am¡a am_H$s e{º$ nyOm Ho$ AÜ``Z _| `h Ñ{ï> Am¡a ^r ñnï> hmoJr Ÿ&

`hm± nhbo AJ«Ur àgmXOr H$m n[aM` Xo aho h¢ -

1.1.5. Oè§H$a àgmX H$m n[aM` :Oè§H$a àgmX H$m n[aM` :Oè§H$a àgmX H$m n[aM` :Oè§H$a àgmX H$m n[aM` :Oè§H$a àgmX H$m n[aM` :

^maV H$s VrW© ZJar dmamUgr Ho$ JmodY©Z gam` _whëbo _| OÝ_o Wo Oè§H$a àgmX Ÿ& CZHo$XmXm {edaVZ gmhÿ à{gÕ gwaVr-V§~mIy Ho$ ì`mnmar Wo Ÿ& nyao g_mO _| CZH$m AmXa Wm Ÿ& {ed Ho$ na_^º$ Wo Ÿ& CÝht H$s H¥$nm go OÝ_o, Eogo {dídmg Ho$ H$maU Zm_ aIm Oè§H$a àgmX Ÿ& ewê$ _| n‹T>mB© Ho${bE Šdtg H$mboO _| Xm{Ibm {b`m Ÿ& gmVdt Ho$ ~mX n‹T>mB© Ka na hþB© Ÿ& Ka _| {ejH$ AmH$a n‹T>mZobJo Ÿ& àgmX Zo ~hþV H$_ g_` _| Aa~r, CX©y, qhXr, A§J«oOr, g§ñH¥$V grI br Ÿ& bo{H$Z n[admar OZEH$ Ho$ ~mX EH$ {~N>‹‹S>Vo JE Ÿ& {nVm JE, _m± JB©, ~‹S>o ^mB© JE Ÿ& Bg àH$ma H$_ C_« _| CÝh| ì`mnmagåhmbZm n‹S>m Ÿ& H${dVm {bIZm ewê$ {H$`m Wm Ÿ& dh r MbVm ahm Ÿ& H${R>ZmB© Am¡a ~‹T>r O~ n[adma_| H$bh ~‹T>m Ÿ& _wH$X_o~mOr ewê$ hþB© Ÿ& ì`mnma ^r Mm¡nQ> hmoVm J`m Ÿ& àgmX Zo g~ YraO Ho$ gmWgåhmbm Ÿ& XwH$mZXmar XoIr Ÿ& do H${dVm {bIVo aho Ÿ& n[adma H$m Xm{`Ëd {Z^m`m Ÿ& gmam F$U CVmaZo_| do ~r_ma n‹S> JE Ÿ& {dlm_ Ho$ {bE nhm‹S>r ñWb OmZm Oê$ar Wm, na do Amam_ Zht H$a nm o Ÿ& ~gAnZr _hmZV_ H¥${V H$m _wÐU XoIZo H$mo ~Mo hþE Wo Ÿ& XodmoËWmZ EH$mXer Ho$ nwÊ` {Xdg na 1937 _o|

9

CZH$m XohmdgmZ hmo J`m Ÿ& ~hþV N>moQ>r C_a _| àgmXOr Zo Jhar N>mn N>mo‹S>r Wr Ÿ& AnZo n[adma Am¡aì`dgm` XmoZm| H$s à{Vð>m bm¡Q>mZo _| CÝh| AWH$ n[al_ H$aZm n‹S>m Ÿ& do XmoZm| bm¡Q>o Ÿ& na Bggo Jhao_mZ{gH$ X~md Ho$ MbVo ñdmñÏ` {~J‹S> J`m Ÿ&

àgmXOr ~MnZ go hr H${dVm {bIZo bJo Wo Ÿ& na§Vw V~ ~«O ^mfm H$m à`moJ A{YH$ H$aVo Ÿ&~mX _| O~ _hm~ra àgmX {ÛdoXr Zo I‹S>r ~mobr qhXr H$mo H$mì` mfm Ho$ ê$n H$mo g_¥Õ H$aZo H$m AmˆmZ{X`m, àgmX Cg_| AJ«Ur aho Ÿ& H$mZZ Hw$gw_ Ho$ ~mX {MÌmYma Am¡a ào_ n{WH$ _| n[adV©Z Am`m Ÿ&"bha' _| N>m`mdmX H$s geº$ ê$n N>{d {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& Am±gy Am¡a H$m_m`Zr XmoZm| J«§Wm| Zo CZH$moN>m`mdmXr H$mì` H$m {ga_m¡a ~Zm {X`m Ÿ& ^maVr` _hmH$mì` na§nam _| AmYw{ZH$ ê$n _| "H$m_m`Zr'A{ÛVr` H¥${V h¡ Ÿ&

qhXr ZmQ>H$ H$mo \y$h‹S> Am¡a hbHo$ -\w$bHo$ _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ H$sM‹S> go CR>m H$a g§ñH¥${V Am¡aB{Vhmg H$s CƒV_ _Zmo y{_ na ñWm{nV H$aZo hoVw loîR> ZmQ>H$ {bIo Ÿ& BZ_| EH$ Ky§Q>, Y«wdñdm{_Zr,M§ÐJwá, ñH§$XJwá Ed§ AOmVeÌw gdm©{YH$ CëboIZr` ZmQ>H$ h¢ Ÿ& BZgo qhXr H$m ZmQ>H$ Am¡a _§M C^`gå_mZOZH$ ñWmZ nm H$a AmYw{ZH$ ZmQ>H$ H$s _`m©Xm nmZo _| g\$b ahm Ÿ&

àgmX EH$ loð> H$WmH$ma r Wo Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo bJ^J gmR>-gÎma H$hm{Z`m± {bIr h¢ {OÝh| AmH$meXrn, B§ÐOmb, à{VÜd{Z, N>m`m Am{X g§H$bZm| _| g§J¥hrV {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& àgmX H$m H$Wm gm{hË` ào_Ho$ Cƒm§J ê$n, _mZdr` H$éUm Am¡a Ë`mJ Ho$ CÁdb nj go g_pÝdV H$WmZH$m| H$s g¥{ï> h¡ Ÿ& Bg_|CZHo$ EH$ {^Þ ñdmX Ho$ CnÝ`mg H§$H$mb, {VVbr Am¡a BamdVr h¢ Ÿ& H${dVm go hQ>H$a H$WmZH$ _|àgmX `WmW© H$s YaVr na CVa AmVo h¢ Ÿ& Ohm± OrdZ Ho$ dmñVddmXr {MÌU H$s Amoa _w‹S>o Wo Ÿ& na§VwCgHo$ {bE OrdZ _| g_` ~hþV H$_ {_bm Wm Ÿ& {\$a ^r geº$ ewê$AmV H$a JE Ÿ&

BgHo$ A{V[aº$ àgmXOr H$m JÚ r H$m\$s _hËd aIVm h¡ - H$bm, gm{hË` Ed§ H$mì` g§~§Yr_mZX§S>m| na AnZo {dMma BZ {Z~§Ym| Ed§ {Q>ßn{U`m| _| ì`º$ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& N>m`mdmX H$s geº$ ì`m»`mAm¡a n[a^mfm H$m Ûma BZgo IwbVm h¡ Ÿ& daZm àgmXOr ~hþV A§V_w©Ir ì`{º$Ëd dmbo Wo Ÿ& do H$mì`gå_obZm|, g^m-g{_{V`m| go àm`: ~M H$a ahVo Ÿ& bo{H$Z Iy~ AÜ``Zerb ñd^md Ho$ Wo Ÿ& B{VhmgHo$ A§Yoao go do ^maVr` na§nam Ho$ AZ_mob hrao {ZH$mb nyam OJV àH$me_mZ H$aZo _| g\$b hþE Wo Ÿ&B{Vhmg Ho$ _hËdnyU© A§e go OmÁdë`_mZ KQ>ZmH«$_, nmÌ Ed§ n[apñW{V`m± àñVwV H$a maVr` OrdZ_| àoaUm âZo bJo Wo Ÿ&

àgmXOr H$s àma§{^H$ H${dVmE± "H$mZZ Hw$gw_' _| g§H${bV h¢ Ÿ& BgHo$ ~mX {MÌmYma, ào_n{WH$, PaZm, bha Am{X H${dVm g§H$bZ àH$m{eV hþE Ÿ& àgmXOr H$s JrV j_Vm H$m àH$me"bha' _| hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& "PaZm' g§H$bZ _| ahñ`dmXr mdYmam H$m A§V:~mø ê$n COmJa hþAm h¡ Ÿ& H${d

10

ñ_¥{V _| Sy>~ H$a àU` MoVZm H$mo gmH$ma ê$n XoVm h¡ Ÿ& BZ ^mdm| H$mo "Am±gy' H$mì` _| Ma_ n[aU{V{_bVr h¡ Ÿ& {_bZ-{dah, ûm¥§Jma -gm¡ÝX`m©{X ào_ Ho$ {d{dY njm| H$mo loð> A{^ì`{º$ {_br h¡ Ÿ& bo{H$ZàgmX H$s "noemobm H$s à{VÜd{Z' O¡gr Eo{Vhm{gH$ H${dVmAm| _| Ë`mJ, draVm, ~{bXmZ Am¡a CX²~moYZHo$ md ao h¢ Ÿ& ñdmYrZVm g§J«m_ H$m àma§{^H$ H$mb Eogr H${dVmAm| H$s àVrjm _| Wm Ÿ& BZ_| OmJaUH$m Jham g§Ho$V âm Wm AV: àgmX H$mì` g_J«V:_hËdnyU© hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

"H$m_m`Zr' maVr` gm{hË` _| AmYw{ZH$ ê$n H$m _hËdnyU© H$mì` h¡ Ÿ& qhXr _| BgH$mo N>m`mdmXH$s _hmH$mì` H$s ZB© n[a^mfm _| aMr H¥${V H$hm J`m Ÿ& àgmXOr nma§n[aH$ _yë`m| H$m Am¡a ^mdm| H$m{dñVma hr Zht H$aVo, CZH$m n[aîH$ma VWm g§ñH$ma ^r H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

1.1.6. H$m_m`Zr H$s H$Wm :H$m_m`Zr H$s H$Wm :H$m_m`Zr H$s H$Wm :H$m_m`Zr H$s H$Wm :H$m_m`Zr H$s H$Wm :

"H$m_m`Zr' H$s H$Wm Ho$ g§~§Y _| do {bIVo h¢ - ""`h Am»`mZ BVZm àmMrZ h¡ {H$ B{Vhmg _|ê$nH$ H$m ^r AX² wV {_lU hmo J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE _Zw, lÕm, B‹S>m Am{X AnZm Eo{Vhm{gH$ ApñVËdaIVo hþE gm§Ho${VH$ AW© H$s r A{^ì`{º$ H$a| Vmo _wPo H$moB© Amn{Îm Zht Ÿ& _Zw AWm©V² _Z Ho$ XmoZm| nj_pñVîH$ Am¡a öX` nj H$m g§~§Y H«$_e: lÕm Am¡a B‹S>m go ^r gabVm go bJ OmVm h¡ Ÿ&''

ñWyb ê$n _| H$m_m`Zr H$m àma§ Xod g§ñH¥${V Ho$ {dZme go hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Ob àb` hmo MwH$s h¡ Ÿ&AZm`mg _Zw go lÕm H$m {_bZ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& XmoZm| {_b H$a OrdZ _| {\$a go gH$mamË_H$ gmoM H$s Amoa~‹T>Vo h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw _Zw _| Omo ^moJdmXr àd¥{Îm nZnVr h¡, dh nm{bV new H$m dY H$aZo _| ñnï> h¡ Ÿ& lÕmH$mo J^m©dñWm _| N>mo‹S> H$a _Zw Mb n‹S>Vo h¢ Ÿ& gmañdV àXoe _| CZH$s |Q> hmoVr h¡ ŸB‹S>m go & dhm± CgHo$gh`moJ go do emgZ MbmVo h¢ Ÿ& naÝVw B‹S>m na O~aZ H$m~y nmZo H$m à`mg H$aVo h¢ Vmo àOm ^‹S>H$OmVr h¡, wÕ {N>‹S> OmVm h¡ Am¡a _Zw Km`b hmo {Ja n‹S>Vo h¢ Ÿ& BYa ImoOVr -ImoOVr lÕm AmH$a CÝh|CR>mVr, {M{H$Ëgm H$a ñdñW H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ ~mX B‹S>m Ho$ nmg AnZo nwÌ _mZd H$mo N>mo‹S> g~_mZgamoda H$s `mÌm na {ZH$b OmVo h¢ Ÿ& H¡$bmg _| {ed H$m {Zdmg h¡ Ÿ&

_hmH$mì` _| Bg àH$ma XoIVo h¢ {H$ nma§n[aH$ H$WmH«$_ Z hmoZo na r àgmX Zo H$Wm gyÌ Adí`àXmZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bggo H$m_m`Zr nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE _hËdnyU© hmo OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

1.1.7. lÕm lÕm lÕm lÕm lÕm

`h gJ© lÕm Ho$ g_n©U md na AmYm[aV h¡ Ÿ& _Zw AnZo _| brZ Wo Ÿ& àmV:H$mbrZ dmVmdaU_| do AMmZH$ Zmar ñda gwZVo h¢ Ÿ& dh _Zw Ho$ WHo$, {Zame, hVme md H$mo XoI H$a àíZ H$aVr h¡ {H$

11

Vw_ Xw:I go Xya Š`m| mJ aho hmo ? H$m_Zm go Š`m| Xya hmo aho hmo ? H$m_Zm hr gJ© BÀN>m H$m n[aUm_ h¡ Ÿ&{díd H$m ñnÝXZ Bgrgo h¡ Ÿ& dh H$mo_b dmUr gwZH$a _Zw H$mo CËgmh H$s Va§Jm| H$m AZw d hmoVm h¡bo{H$Z do OrdZ H$mo {Zénm` H$hVo h¢ Ÿ& V~ ñZo{hb eãXm| _| AmJÝVwH$ Zo H$hm - Bgr_| AYra Š`m| hmoJE ? Ho$db Vn hr OrdZ H$m gË` Zht Ÿ& ZdrZVm Ed§ g¥{ï> BgHo$ ahñ` h¢ Ÿ& ~mgr \y$bm| go àH¥${V H$mûm¥§Jma Zht hmoVm Ÿ& àoaUm _| ao eãXm| _| dh H$hVr h¡ - {dYmVm _§Jb_` eãXm| _| AmˆmZ Xo ahr h¡ {H$e{º$embr ~Z {dO`r hmoZm h¡ Ÿ& Vw_ A_¥V g§VmZ hmo Ÿ& MoVZm OJV _| Omo e{º$ Ho$ {dÚwV H$U {~Iaoh¢ - BZH$m g_Ýd` H$amo .... _mZdVm {dO`r hmoJr Ÿ& Bg àH$ma lÕm nhbo hr Cƒma _| _Zw H$m {Zame^md H$mQ>Zo _| {d{eï> y{_H$m {Z^mVr h¡ Ÿ& AH$_©Ê` _Zw H$mo H$_© ào[aV H$a H$_©R> ~ZmVr h¡ Ÿ&

H${d nhbo CgHo$ Agr_ gm¡ÝX © H$m n[aM` XoVo h¢ Ÿ& M_m©ÀN>m{V Jm§Yma Xoe Ho$ AZwê$n CgAZwn_ ~mbm H$m dU©Z H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& A~ dh AnZo n[aM` _| H$hVr h¡ {H$ ñdÀN>ÝX àH¥${V H$s hmoZo Ho$H$maU dh BYa-CYa Ky_Vr ahVr h¡ Ÿ& àH¥${V Ho$ gm¡ÝX`© H$m dh AmZÝX boVr h¡ Ÿ& CgHo$ gm¡ÝX © ahñ`_| _w½Y hmo CR>r h¡ Ÿ& _mZmo {h_mb` {H$gr Am§V[aH$ nr‹S>m _| Câ H$a o {gHw$‹S>Z {XI ahr h¢ CgrH$sImoO _| ~‹T> Mbr Ÿ& dh b{bV H$bmE± grIZo _| é{M aIVr h¡ Ÿ& _Zw CgH$s dmUr gwZH$a Cg {dídahñ` H$s ~mV H$hVo h¢ Ÿ& `h OrdZ ì`W© {~VmZm n‹S> ahm h¡ Ÿ& A~ VH$ H$moB© bú` àmá Zht hþAm Ÿ&

`h OrdZ ahñ` ~Zm hþAm h¡ Ÿ& CbP H$a ah J`m ! _¢ ñd`§ Š`m h±ÿ, Mmam| Amoa eyÝ`Vm ì`mnrh¡ Ÿ& do OrdZ H$mo {Zamem H$m n`m© _mZVo h¢ Ÿ& Eogr K‹S>r _| _Zw H$mo do ào[aV H$aVr h§¡ Ÿ& g¥{ï> Ho$ {dH$mgHo$ {bE g§H$ën boZo H$mo H$hVr h¢ Ÿ& _Zw go hr _mZdr` gä`Vm H$m {dñVma g§ d h¡ Ÿ& dh Cgo {Z © hmoH$a g¥{ï> Ho$ {dH$mg _| gh`moJ H$aZo H$hVr h¡ Ÿ& OrdZ H$s g_yMr e{º$ bJmH$a _mZd gä`Vm H$mo{dO`r ~ZmAmo Ÿ& Bg àH$ma lÕm _Zwî` H$mo _§Jb_` H$ë`mU Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a ahr h¡ Ÿ& na _Zw ñd §H$mo Aghm`, {Zñgma, {Zénm` H$hVm h¡ Ÿ& lÕm Bg O‹S>Vm, {Zamem H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVrh¡ Ÿ& ñd`§ r Bg_| ghm`Vm H$mo àñVwV h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw _Zw H$m OrdZ ahñ`_` ~Zm h¡ Ÿ& hr H$m_ê$nm lÕmAmJo Mb H$a _Zw Ho$ OrdZ H$m daXmZ ~ZH$a AmVr h¡ Ÿ& dh OrdZ _| AmZÝX bmZo H$m lo àmá h¡ Ÿ&lÕm Ho$ A^md _| _Zw H$m OrdZ eyÝ` ~Z OmVm h¡ Ÿ& lÕm-_Zw {_b H$a AmZÝX VH$ Om gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&lÕm e{º$ Ho$ {~Iao {dÚwV H$Um| _| g_Ýd` H$m g§Xoe XoVr h¡ Ÿ& _Zwî` A_¥V g§VmZ h¡ Ÿ& Cgo S>aZmZht Mm{hE Ÿ& g_Ýd` go hr _mZdVm {dO{`Zr ~ZVr h¡ Ÿ& hm± dh àoaUm Xo ahr h¡ Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma h_ XoIVo h¢ {H$ lÕm, Omo {H$ H$m_m`Zr hr h¡ Ÿ& Am{X go A§V VH$ dh _Zw H$m nWnXe©Z H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& {~Zm CgHo$ _Zw H$m H$moB© ApñVËd Zht ahVm Ÿ& do n{V -nËZr h¢ Ÿ& CgHo$ H$B© ê$n{_bVo h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw àgmX Zo CgH$m H$m_m`Zr ê$n J«hU {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg H$mì` _| dh gdm}Îm_ M[aÌ h¡ Ÿ&Bg H$mì` H$s gmar H$ënZm Ky_ {\$a H$a Cgr Ho$ nmg AmVr h¡ Ÿ& Cg_| Zmar gwb^ Agr_ gm¡ÝX © h¡ Ÿ&

12

dh gwHw$_mar hr Zht, dmËgë` H$s _§JbH$mar mdZm go ar h¡ Ÿ& dh gMoVZ e{º$ h¡ Ÿ& Cgr Ho$ ghmao_Zw AmZÝXdmX VH$ Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma àgmX Zo lÕm H$mo gdm}Îm_ Zmar Ho$ ê$n _| {M{ÌV {H$`mh¡ Ÿ&

1.1.8. H$m_m`Zr H$m H$mì` d¡^d :H$m_m`Zr H$m H$mì` d¡^d :H$m_m`Zr H$m H$mì` d¡^d :H$m_m`Zr H$m H$mì` d¡^d :H$m_m`Zr H$m H$mì` d¡^d :

"H$m_m`Zr _| lÕm, _Zw, B‹S>m, _mZd Am{X ~hþV Wmo‹S>o go nmÌ aIo h¢ Ÿ& 15 gJm] _| {dñV¥V BgH$mì` _| H${d Zo gmar H$Wm BÝht go aMr h¡ Ÿ& M[aÌ {MÌU Ho$ {bE H${d CZ_| d¡ {º$H$ mdZmAm| H$m{Z`moOZ H$a H|$Ðr` ^md VH$ nh±þMVo h¢ Ÿ& g^r M[aÌ A§V _| EH$ ñWb> na nh±þMVo h¢ Ÿ& dhm± AmZÝXàmá H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& A§V _| EH$ Amoa ~w{ÕOrdr B‹S>m AnZo ~w{ÕdmX H$mo N>mo‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ& BYa lÕm Zo kmZ-H$_©H$m g_Ýd` H$a _Zw H$mo _w»` ~Zm`m h¡ Ÿ& CZH$m _mZ{gH$ Û§X g_má hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& B‹S>m ^r _mZd H$moamï´>>Zr{V H$s {ejm XoH$a gmañdV ZJadm{g`m| H$mo _mJ© {XImVr h¡ Ÿ& _mZgamoda _| gm_y{hH$ AmZÝX Ho$g~ ^mJr ~ZVo h¢ Ÿ& _Zw ^r AmXe© gmd©^m¡{_H$ Am¡a {díd~§YwËd H$m g§Xoe XoVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma M[aÌ{MÌU H$s Ñ{ï> go H$m_m`Zr _| A{^Zd g§ moJ {_bVm h¡ Ÿ&

Bg Ñ{ï> go àgmXOr Zo A{^Zd à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& `hm± do Xme©{ZH$ AmZÝXdmX Ho$ bú` VH$nh±þM aho h¢ Ÿ& do nma§n[aH$ ag{Zîn{Îm go ~hþV AmJo ~‹T>Vo h¢ Ÿ& H${d Ho$ ^md-{ZénU, dñVwdU©Z Am¡aM[aÌ-{MÌU Ho$ g_Ýd` _| ag- {Zîn{Îm hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& _Zw _| H«$_e: emoH$, Xw:I, H$ï>, H$éUm H$m g§MmahmoVm h¡ Ÿ& lÕm H$mo N>mo‹S>Zo, B‹S>m go {_bZo, g§Kf© _| Km`b hmoZo, lÕm Ûmam Ty>§T> {ZH$mb _mZgamodanh±þM H$a AmZÝX nmZo O¡gr {d{^Þ pñW{V`m| _| h_ XoIVo h¢ H$éUm go ewê$ hmoH$a àgmX AmZÝX VH$nh±þMm XoVo h¢ Ÿ& Bgr ~rM _Zw Zo lÕm Ho$ gmW ào_, a{V, gm¡ÝX © Am{X H$m g_mdoe {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& _Zw -B‹S>mHo$ {_bZ _| r BgHo$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& O~{H$ lÕm _| {d`moJ md-{dah Xem H$m loð> {MÌU hþAm h¡ Ÿ&Bg_| àH¥${V r em{_b hmoVr h¡ Ÿ&

agm| Ho$ gmW-gmW àgmX Ab§H$ma à`moJ _| r {gÕhñV h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw nma§n[aH$ T>§J go hQ>H$a CZ_|A{^Zd ^md-^§{J_m â XoVo h¢ Ÿ& `hm± AZw y{V ânya hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ^mdJV Ab§H$ma A{YH$ h¢ Ÿ&AWm©b§H$mam| _| gmå` Ed§ d¡få` XmoZm| njm| H$mo aIm h¡ Ÿ& {\$a r Cn_m, CËàojm Am¡a _mZdrH$aU ~hþVà^mdembr ~Z n‹So h§¡ Ÿ& {deof H$a "b‚mm' Am¡a "B‹S>m' Ho$ g_` gwÝXa {MÌ àñVwV {H$ o h¢ Ÿ& `hm±H${d ñWyb go gyú_ H$s Amoa J{Verb h¡ Ÿ& AZwàmg Ab§H$ma H$m à`moJ H$a H${d Zo ZmX gm¡ÝX ©àX{e©V {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& "" Zrad {ZerW _| b{VH$m-gr Vw_ H$m¡Z Am ahr hmo ~‹T>Vr'' O¡go à`moJ _| ê$nH$Am¡a CËàojmAm| H$m AX²^wV {_{lV ê$n {_bVm h¡ Ÿ&

13

1.1.9. ^mfm gm¡ÝX`© :^mfm gm¡ÝX`© :^mfm gm¡ÝX`© :^mfm gm¡ÝX`© :^mfm gm¡ÝX`© :

H${d Zo mdZmAm| H$mo mfm H$m¡eb Ho$ _mÜ`_ go g§Omo m h¡ Ÿ& "H$m_m`Zr' H$s g_yMr mfm mdm|Ho$ AZwê$n ~Zr h¡ Ÿ& {d{dY ^mdm| Ho$ H$maU H${d Zo ^mfm _| VXZwê$n _mo‹S> {X`m h¡ Ÿ& ào_ àg§Jm| _|(H$m_m`Zr/lÕm Am¡a _Zw) H${d Zo AË §V H$mo_b -H$m§V nXmdbr aIr h¡ Ÿ& O~ {H$ g§Kf© , H$_©Am{X H$o$ g_` na àIa eãX à wº$ hþE h¢ Ÿ& BZ_| Vw_wb aUdmX, Ádmbm, OZg§hma, CËnmV Am{X goOw‹S>o eãXm| H$m à`moJ dmVmdaU H$mo Ord§V ~Zm XoVm h¡ Ÿ& O~ {H$ H$m_Zm Ed§ b‚mm Ho$ {MÌU _| ImgH$mo_b ê$n gm_Zo Am`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma ghO _mYw ©-àgmX JwU H$mo g_m`mo{OV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zoà_wIV: bjUm Am¡a ì §OZm O¡gr eãXe{º$ _| A{YH$ é{M {XImB© h¡ Ÿ& {MÌ_`r mfm Bg H$mì` H$moAnZm {deof _hËd àXmZ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma do ^mdm| H$mo gmH$ma ê$n àXmZ H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& _mZdr`_Zmod¥{Îm`m| H$mo gmH$ma ê$n XoZo _| do AVwë` h¢ Ÿ& qMVm, H$m_ Am{X g^r H$m _mZdrH$aU ê$n {_bVmh¡ Ÿ& "b‚mm' Ho$ g§X © _| `h gdm©{YH$ g\$b hþAm h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo Bg_| gag _Ywa eãX à`moJ H$ag§JrV_`Vm â Xr h¡ Ÿ& ^mfm H$m _mYw © g§JrV Am¡a b` go {_b H$a Cƒm§J hmo CR>Vm h¡ Ÿ&

1.1.10. N>§X -à`moJ : N>§X -à`moJ : N>§X -à`moJ : N>§X -à`moJ : N>§X -à`moJ :

H$m_m`Zr H$s JrVmË_H$Vm, bmj{UH$Vm, {MÌ_`Vm Am¡a _mYw © ^md g_W©Vm BgHo$ gm¡ÝX ©H$mo AZwn_ ~Zm XoVr h¢ Ÿ& H${d ha gJ© _| àm`: EH$ N>§X H$m à`moJ H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& H${d Zo Vrg _mÌmAm|(16 Am¡a 14 _mÌm na {dam_) dmbo VmQ>§H$ N>§X H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& BgH$mo "qMVm, {Zd}X, Amem,ñdßZ, Am{X gJm] _| à`moJ {H$`m, "nmXmnmXHw$bH$' N>§X H$m Cn`moJ H${d Zo "b‚mm' Am¡a "H$m_' gJ©_| {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& O~{H$ "dmgZm' gJ© _| àgmX Zo _XZ N>§X aIm h¡ Ÿ& hm± Mm¡Xh Am¡a Xg _| {dam_ h¡ Ÿ& BgN>§X _| Mm¡~rg _mÌmAm| H$m à`moJ h¡, na§Vw A§V _| @Ÿ& H$m g_mdoe hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& "B‹S>m' _| JrVm| H$m g_mdoeh¡ Ÿ& O~{H$ "ahñ`', "B©î`m© Am¡a AmZÝX ' _| A{^Zd N>§X H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& ahñ`, B©î`m© Am¡aXe©Z Ho$ N>§Xm| _| Xmo N>§Xm| H$m g_mdoe {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw àgmX Zo "Am±gy' Ho$ N>§X H$mo A§V VH$ AmVo AmVoAmZÝX gJ© _| aIm h¡ Ÿ& "g§Kf©' gJ© _| H${d Zo 24 _mÌmAm| (11 Am¡a 13 na {dam_) H$m à`moJ {H$`mh¡ Ÿ&

^mfm, e¡br Ed§ mdm| Ho$ AmYma na "H$m_m`Zr' _| AJ{UV _m¡{bH$ g§ moOZm {_bVr h¡§ Ÿ& hm±N>m`mdmXr H$mì` H$s A{YH$m§e àd¥{Îm`m± CnbãY hmo OmVr h¢ Ÿ& Bgr {bE h qhXr H$m _hmZ _hmH$mì`H$hbmVm h¡ Ÿ& ~Xbr hþB© gm_m{OH$, amOZ¡{VH$ n[apñW{V`m| Zo gm{hË` H$mo ~hþV Hw$N> ~Xbm h¡ Ÿ&àgmX Zo g§ñH¥$V Ho$ bjU J«§Wm| H$m AZwgaU Zht {H$`m Ÿ& ZdrZ OrdZ Xe©Z, _Zmod¡km{ZH$

14

{díbofU, n[ad{V©V n[apñW{V`m| Ho$ AZwê$n AmYw{ZH$V_ àd¥{Îm`m| H$mo _hmH$mì` _| g_m{hV H$aVoh¢ Ÿ& Ú{n BgH$s H$Wm Eo{Vhm{gH$, nm¡am{UH$ J«§Wm| _| {~Iar h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m H$bmË_H$ gm¡ð>d _hmH$mì`Ho$ {ZH$Q> h¡ Ÿ& H${d OrdZ Ho$ _yb CÔoí` AmZÝX H$s à{Vð>m H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& OrdZ _| g_agVm ñWm{nVH$aVo h¢ "H$m_m`Zr' H$m AmZÝXdmX _moj `m {damJ go Xya h¡ Ÿ& dh H${d Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd H$s g§nyU©A{^ì`{º$ h¡ Ÿ& V^r Bgo N>m`mdmX wJ hr Zht qhXr gm{hË` H$s à{V{Z{Y H¥${V H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

1.1.11. > eãXm| H$m AW© {ddoMZ :> eãXm| H$m AW© {ddoMZ :> eãXm| H$m AW© {ddoMZ :> eãXm| H$m AW© {ddoMZ :> eãXm| H$m AW© {ddoMZ :

g§g¥{V Ob{Z{Y = g§gma H$m gmJa Ÿ& _Ywa {dlm§V = _Ywa WH$mZ & _YwH$ar = §dar & A{âm_= gwÝXa & d_© = AmdaU & boIm = {H$aU| & _wº$ì`mo_ Vb = _wº$ AmH$me Ho$ ZrMo & Am±I H$s yI= Xe©Z H$s Vrd« BÀN>m & yV{hV aV = àm{U`m| Ho$ {hV _| bJo & _hm{M{V = {damQ> MoVZme{º$ & gJ©- g¥{ï> & ^dYm_ = g§gma ê$nr Ym_ & y_m - {damQ> e{º$ {Og_| g~ g_m`m h¡ & g_agVm = AmZÝXH$s pñW{V & H$pënVJoh = H$ënZm H$m J¥h & {Z_m}H$ = H|$Mwb & AmË_ {dñVma = AnZm {dH$mg & nXVb_| = n¡am| _| & g§g¥{V = g¥{ï>

1.1.12. Aä`mg> àíZ :Aä`mg> àíZ :Aä`mg> àíZ :Aä`mg> àíZ :Aä`mg> àíZ :

i) XrK© CÎma _ybH$ àíZ

H$) "H$m_m`Zr' _| lÕm gJ© H$m _hËd ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

I) lÕm Ho$ d¡{eï²>` H$mo à{Vnm{XV H$s{OE Ÿ&J) "H$m_m`Zr' Ho$ ê$nH$ _| H$m_m`Zr H$m ê$n ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&K) "H$m_m`Zr' Ho$ g§X © _| lÕm gJ© H$s H$mì`mË_H$Vm na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&L>) lÕm gJ© Ho$ H$WmZH$ na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

ii) M) _Zw H$mo XoI lÕm H$s Š`m Xem hmoVr h¡ ?N>) _Zw Zo$ lÕm H$mo Š`m CÎma {X`m ?O) lÕm Ho$ gm¡ÝX © na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&P) AmJÝVwH$ a_Ur BYa Š`m| Am¡a H¡$go Am JB© ?Äm) lÕm Am¡a _Zw g§dmX H$m d¡{eï²>` ~VmBE Ÿ&

iii) Q>) lÕm H$m Xygam Zm_ Š`m h¡ ?R>) lÕm {H$g Xoe H$s ahZo dmbr h¡ ?

15

S>) "Zrb n[aYmZ' {H$g H$m Wm ?T>) "Š`m H$h±ÿ...' `h H$m¡Z H$h ahm h¡ ?U) "_hm{M{V' eãX AW© ~VmBE Ÿ&

Hw$N> ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE àg§J :V) H$m¡Z ....... A{^foH$ &W) Am¡a XoIm ....... {bnQ>m KZí`m_ Ÿ&X) Zrb n[aYmZ ....... Jwbm~r a§J &Y) Hw$gw_ H$mZZ ....... gÑe A~mY Ÿ&Z) H$m¡Z hmo Vw_ ....... _§X ~`ma Ÿ&n) EH$ {XZ ghgm ....... {dlãY Ÿ&\$) {Ogo Vw_ ....... OmAmo yb Ÿ&~) {ZË` g_agVm ....... Úw{V_mZ Ÿ&

^) EH$ Vw_ ....... MoVZ AmZÝX Ÿ&

_) e{º$ Ho$ {dÚwËH$U ....... _mZdVm hmo Om` Ÿ&

16

H$m_m`ZrH$m_m`ZrH$m_m`ZrH$m_m`ZrH$m_m`Zr

lÕm gJ© :lÕm gJ© :lÕm gJ© :lÕm gJ© :lÕm gJ© :

"H$m¡Z Vw_ ? g§g¥{V Ob{Z{Y VraVa§Jm| go \|$H$s _{U EH$,

H$a aho {ZO©Z H$m MwnMmnà^m H$s Ymam go A{^foH$ ?

_Ywa {dlm§V Am¡a EH$m§V -OJV H$m gwbPm hþAm ahñ`,

EH$ H$éUm_` gwÝXa JrVAm¡a M§Mb _Z H$m Ambñ` !

gwZm `h _Zw Zo _Yw Jw§Oma_YwH$ar H$m gm O~ gmZÝX,

{H$ o _wI ZrMm H$_b g_mZàW_ H${d H$m Á`m| gwÝXa N>§X ;

EH$ {PQ>H$m gm bJm ghf©,{ZaIZo bJo bwQ>o go, H$m¡Z -

Jm ahm `h gwÝXa g§JrV ?Hw$Vyhb ah Z gH$m {\$a _m¡Z Ÿ&

Am¡a XoIm dh gwÝXa Ñí`Z`Z H$m B§ÐOmb A{âm_,

Hw$gw_-d¡ d _| bVm g_mZM§{ÐH$m go {bnQ>m KZí`m_ Ÿ&

17

öX` H$s AZwH¥${V ~mø CXmaEH$ bå~r H$m`m, CÝ_wº$ ;

_Yw ndZ H«$s{‹S>V Á`m| {eew gmbgwemo{^V hmo gm¡a^ g§`wº$ Ÿ&

_g¥U Jm±Yma Xoe Ho$, Zrbamo_ dmbo _ofm| Ho$ M_©,

T>±H$ aho Wo CgH$m dnw H$m§V~Z ahm Wm dh H$mo_b d_© Ÿ&

Zrb n[aYmZ ~rM gwHw$_maIwb ahm _¥Xwb AYIwbm A§J ;

{Ibm hmo Á`m| {~Obr H$m \y$b_oK-~Z ~rM Jwbm~r a§J Ÿ&

Amh ! dh _wI ! npíM_ Ho$ ì`mo_ -~rM -~rM {KaVo hm| KZ í`m_ ;

AéU a{d _§S>b CZH$mo oX{XImB© XoVm hmo N>{dYm_ Ÿ&

`m {H$, Zd B§Ð Zrb bKw e¥§J\$mo‹S> H$a YYH$ ahr hmo H$m§V ;

EH$ bKw Ádmbm_wIr AMoV_mYdr aOZr _| Alm§V Ÿ&

{Ka aho Wo Kw±Kambo ~mbA§g Adb§{~V _wI Ho$ nmg,

Zrb KZ emdH$ go gwHw$_magwYm aZo H$mo {dYw Ho$ nmg Ÿ&

18

Am¡a Cg _wI na dh _wgŠ`mZ !aº$ {H$gb` na bo {dlm_

AéU H$s EH$ {H$aU AåbmZA{YH$ AbgmB© hmo A{âm_ Ÿ&

{ZË` `m¡dZ N>{d go hmo Xrá{díd H$s H$éU H$m_Zm _y{V© ;

ñne© Ho$ AmH$f©U go nyU©àH$Q> H$aVr Á`m| O‹S> _| ñ\y${V© Ÿ&

Cfm H$s nhbr boIm H$m§V,_mYwar go ^tJr â JmoX,

_X âr O¡go CR>o gb‚m^moa H$s VmaH$ X²`w{V H$s JmoX Ÿ&

Hw$gw_ H$mZZ -A§Mb _| _ÝXndZ ào[aV gm¡a^ gmH$ma,

a{MV na_mUw namJ earaI‹S>m hmo bo _Yw H$m AmYma Ÿ&

Am¡a n‹S>Vr hmo Cg na ew^«Zdb _Yw-amH$m _Z H$s gmY ;

h±gr H$m _X {dˆb à{V{~å~_Yw[a_m Iobm gÑe A~mY !

H$hm _Zw Zo Z^ YaUr ~rM~Zm OrdZ ahñ` {Zénm` ;

EH$ CëH$m gm ObVm «m§VeyÝ` _| {\$aVm h±ÿ Aghm` Ÿ&

19

e¡b {ZP©a Z ~Zm hV^m½`Jb Zht gH$m Omo {H$ {h_ I§S>

Xm¡‹S> H$a {_bm Z Ob{Z{Y A§H$Amh d¡gm hr h±ÿ nmf§S> Ÿ&

nhobr gm OrdZ h¡ ì`ñVCgo gwbPmZo H$m A{^`mZ

~VmVm h¡ {dñ_¥{V H$m _mJ©Mb ahm h±ÿ ~Z H$a AZOmZ Ÿ&

ybVm hr OmVm {XZ amVgOb A{^bmfm H${bV AVrV

~‹T> ahm {V{_a J © _| {ZË`XrZ OrdZ H$m `h g§JrV Ÿ&

Š`m H$h±ÿ Š`m h±ÿ _¢ CX²^«m§V ?{dda _| Zrb JJZ Ho$ AmO

dm w H$s ^Q>H$s EH$ Va§J ;eyÝ`Vm H$m CO‹S>m gm amOm Ÿ&

EH$ {dñ_¥{V H$m ñVyn AMoV ;Á`mo{V H$m Yw±Ybm gm à{V{~å~ ;

Am¡a O‹S>Vm H$s OrdZ am{eg\$bVm H$m g§H${bV {dbå~ Ÿ&

H$m¡Z hmo Vw_ ~g§V Ho$ XyV{dag nVP‹S> _| A{V gwHw$_ma !

KZ {V{_a _| M§MbVm H$s aoI,VnZ _| erVb _§X ~`ma Ÿ&

20

ZIV H$s Amem {H$aU g_mZ,öX` Ho$ H$mo_b H${d H$s H$m§V -

H$ënZm H$s bKw bhar {Xì`H$a ahr _mZg hbMb em§V !

bJm H$hZo AmJ§VwH$ ì`{º${_Q>mVm CËH§$R>m g{deof ;

Xo ahm hmo H$mo{H$b gmZÝXgw_Z H$mo Á`m| _Yw_` gÝXoe : -

âm Wm _Z _| Zd CËgmhgrI by± b{bV H$bm H$m kmZ

BYa ahm J§Ydm] Ho$ Xoe,{nVm H$s h±ÿ ß`mar g§VmZ Ÿ&

Ky_Zo H$m _oam Aä`mg~‹T>m Wm _wº$ ì`mo_-Vb {ZË` ;

Hw$Vyhb ImoO ahm Wm ì`ñVöX` gÎmm H$m gwÝXa gË` Ÿ&

Ñ{ï> O~ OmVr {h_-{J[a AmoaàíZ H$aVm _Z A{YH$ AYra

Yam H$s `h {gHw$‹S>Z ^`VrVAmh H¡$gr h¡ ? Š`m h¡ nra ?

_Yw[a_m _| AnZr hr _m¡ZEH$ gmo m g§Xoe _hmZ,

gOJ hmo H$aVm Wm g§Ho$V ;MoVZm _Mb CRr AZOmZ Ÿ&

21

~‹T>m _Z Am¡a Mbo o n¡ae¡b _mbmAm| H$m ûm¥§Jma ;

Am±I H$s yI {_Q>r `h XoIAmh {H$VZm gwÝXa gå^ma !

EH$ {XZ ghgm qgYw AnmabJm Q>H$amZo ZJ Vb jwãY ;

AHo$bm h OrdZ {ZénmÀmO VH$ Ky_ ahm {dlãY Ÿ&

`hm± XoIm Hw$N> ~{b H$m AÞyV-{hV-aV {H$gH$m h XmZ !

BYa H$moB© h¡ A^r gOrd,hþAm Eogm _Z _| AZw_mZ Ÿ&

Vnñdr ! Š`m| BVZo hmo Šbm§V ?doXZm H$m `h H¡$gm doJ ?

Amh ! Vw_ {H$VZo A{YH$ hVme~VmAmo h H¡$gm CÛoJ !

öX` _| Š`m h¡ Zht AYra,bmbgm OrdZ H$s {Zíeof ?

H$a ahm d§{MV H$ht Z Ë`mJVwåho§ _Z _| Ya gwÝXa doe !

Xw:I Ho$ S>a go Vw_ AkmVO{Q>bVmAm| H$m H$a AZw_mZ ;

H$m_ go {PPH$ aho hmo AmO,^{dî`V² go ~Z H$a AZOmZ Ÿ&

22

H$a ahr brbm_` AmZÝX_hm{M{V gOJ hþB© gr ì`º$,

{díd H$m CÝ_rbZ A{âm_Bgr _| g~ hmoVo AZwaº$ Ÿ&

H$m_ _§Jb go _§{S>V logJ©, BÀN>m H$m h¡ n[aUm_ ;

{VañH¥ V H$a CgH$mo Vw_ yb~ZmVo hmo Ag\$b dYm_ Ÿ&

Xw:I H$s {nN>br aOZr ~rM{dH$gVm gwI H$m Zdb à^mV ;

EH$ naXm `h PrZm Zrb{N>nm o h¡ {Og_| gwI JmV Ÿ&

{Ogo Vw_ g_Po hmo A{êmn,OJV H$s ÁdmbmAm| H$m _yb,

B©e H$m dh ahñ` daXmZH$^r _V BgH$mo OmAmo yb Ÿ&

{df_Vm H$s nr‹S>m go ì`ñVhmo ahm ñn§{XV {díd _hmZ,

`hr Xw:I gwI {dH$mg H$m gË``hr y_m H$m _Yw_` XmZ Ÿ&

{ZË` g_agVm H$m A{YH$maC_‹S>Vm H$maU Ob{Y g_mZ ;

ì`Wm go Zrbr bham| ~rM{~IaVo gwI _{U JU Úw{V_mZ Ÿ&

23

bJo H$hZo _Zw g{hV {dfmX -_Ywa _méV go o CÀN²>dmg

A{YH$ CËgmh Va§J A~mYCR>mVo _mZg _| g{dbmg !

{H$ÝVw OrdZ {H$VZm {Zénm` !{b`m h¡ XoI Zht g§Xoh ;

{Zamem h¡ {OgH$m n[aUm_g\$bVm H$m dh H$pënV Joh Ÿ&

H$hm AmJ§VwH$ Zo gñZoh -Aao Vw_ BVZo hþE AYra !

hma ~¡R>o OrdZ H$m Xm±d,OrVVo _a H$a {OgH$mo dra Ÿ&

Vn Zht Ho$db OrdZ gË`H$éU `h j{UH$ XrZ AdgmX,

Vab AmH$m§jm go h¡ âmgmo ahm Amem H$m A‡mX Ÿ&

nwamVZVm H$m h {Z_m}H$ghZ H$aVr Z àH¥${V nb EH$ ;

{ZË` ZyVZVm H$m AmZÝX{H$ò h¡ n[adV©Z _| Q>oH$ Ÿ&

wJm| H$s MÅ>mZm| na g¥{ï>S>mb nX {M• Mbr J§ ra

Xod J§Yd© Agwa H$s n§{º$AZwgaU H$aVr Cgo AYra Ÿ&

24

EH$ Vw_ `h {dñV¥V y I§S>àH¥${V d¡ d go âm AmZÝX ;

H$_© H$m ^moJ, ^moJ H$m H$_©`hr O‹S> H$m MoVZ AmZÝX Ÿ&

AHo$bo Vw_ H¡$go Aghm`ÒZ H$a gH$Vo ? VwÀN> {dMma !

Vnñdr ! AmH$f©U go hrZH$a gHo$ Z AmË_ {dñVma Ÿ&

X~ aho hmo AnZo hr ~moPImoOVo ^r Z H$ht Adbå~,

Vwåhmam ghMa ~ZH$a Š`m ZCF$U hmoD±$ _| {~Zm {dbå~ ?

X~m _m`m, __Vm bmo AmO,_Yw[a_m bmo, AJmY {dídmg,

h_mam öX` aËZ {Z{Y ñdÀN>Vwåhmao {bE Iwbm h¡ nmg Ÿ&

~Zmo g§g¥{V Ho$ _yb ahñ`,Vwåht go \¡$boJr `h ~ob ;

{díd â gm¡a^ go â Om`gw_Z Ho$ Iobmo gwÝXa Iob Ÿ&

Am¡a `h Š`m Vw_ gwZVo Zht{dYmVm H$m _§Jb daXmZ -

e{º$embr hmo, {dO`r ~Zmo{dmd _| Jy±O ahm O` JmZ Ÿ&

25

S>amo _V Aao A_¥V g§VmZAJ«ga h¡ _§Jb _` d¥{Õ ;

nyU© AmH$f©U OrdZ H|$ÐqIMr AmdoJr gH$b g_¥{Õ Ÿ&

Xod-Ag\$bVmAm| H$m Üd§gàMwa CnH$aU OwQ>m H$a AmO ;

n‹S>m h¡ ~Z _mZd g§n{ÎmnyU© hmo _Z H$m MoVZ amO Ÿ&

MoVZ H$m gwÝXa B{VhmgA{Ib _mZd ^mdm| H$m gË` ;

{díd Ho$ öX` -nQ>b na {XìÀjam| go A§{H$V hmo {ZË` Ÿ&

{dYmVm H$s H$ë`mUr g¥{ï>g\$b hmo Bg yVb na nyU© ;

nQ>o gmJa {~Iao J«h-nw§OAm¡a Ádmbm_w{I`m± hm| MyU© Ÿ&

CÝh| {MZJmar gÑí` gXn©Hw$MbVr aho I‹S>r gmZÝX ;

AmO go _mZdVm H$s H$s{V©A{Zb ^y Ob _| aho Z ~§X Ÿ&

Ob{Y Ho$ \y$Q>o {H$VZo CËgÛrn H$ÀN>n Sy>~|-CVam | ;

{H$ÝVw dh I‹S>r aho Ñ‹T> _y{V©Aä wX` H$m H$a ahr Cnm` Ÿ&

26

{díd H$s Xw~©bVm ~b ~Zo,namO` H$m ~‹T>Vm ì`mnma

h±gmVm aho Cgo g{dbmge{º$ H$m H$s‹S>m_` g§Mma Ÿ&

e{º$ Ho$ {dÚwËH$U Omo ì`ñV{dH$b {~Iao h¢, hmo {Zénm`,

g_Ýd` CgH$m H$ao g_ñV{dO{`Zr _mZdVm hmo OmE Ÿ&

***

27

"b‚mm' gJ©"b‚mm' gJ©"b‚mm' gJ©"b‚mm' gJ©"b‚mm' gJ©

1.2. Ÿ"b‚mm' gJ© :"b‚mm' gJ© :"b‚mm' gJ© :"b‚mm' gJ© :"b‚mm' gJ© :

AmnZo nhbo N>m`mdmX H$s ê$naoIm Ed§ Oè§H$a àgmX H$m n[aM` àmá {H$`m Ÿ& {\$a "H$m_m`Zr'H$s H$Wm Am¡a H$mì`mË_H$ ñdê$n na {dMma {H$`m J`m Ÿ& ~mX _| h_Zo "lÕm' gJ© H$m {dñV¥V AÜ``Z{H$`m h¡ Ÿ& A~ `hm± na "b‚mm' gJ© na MMm© H$s Om oJr Ÿ&

1.2.1. "b‚mm' gJ© H$m H$WmZH$ : "b‚mm' gJ© H$m H$WmZH$ : "b‚mm' gJ© H$m H$WmZH$ : "b‚mm' gJ© H$m H$WmZH$ : "b‚mm' gJ© H$m H$WmZH$ :

Mm§XZr amV h¡ Ÿ& _Zw Zo lÕm H$mo XoIH$a AË`§V ào_nyU© CX²Jma ì`º$ {H$`m Ÿ& _Zw Ho$ AË`§VH$mo_b Am¡a Am§V[aH$ CX²Jmam| go lÕm à^m{dV hþE {~Zm Zht ah nmVr Ÿ& Bg gJ© _| lÕm Am¡a b‚mmH$m Amngr dmVm©bmn d{U©V h¡ Ÿ& hm± na lÕm Ho$ g_{n©V md Ho$ ~rM _| AMmZH$ Hw$N> md CnpñWVhmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& CgrHo$ _mZdr ê$n H$mo H${d Zo "b‚mm' H$hm h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ AmZo na lÕm H$s pñW{V ~XbOmVr h¡ Ÿ& dh H$m¡Vyhb _| a Cgo nyN>Vr h¡, {\$a b‚mm CÎma XoVr h¡ Ÿ& A§V _| b‚mm Cgo _hËdnyU© grIXoVr h¡ Ÿ& Bg gJ© _| nJ-nJ na _Zmo mdm| H$mo _yV© ê$n {X`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& AV: Bg nyao gJ© H$s dm`dr`pñW{V hmoZo na ^r àgmX Zo AË §V a_Ur` Ed§ _Zmoa_ àñVw{V H$s h¡ Ÿ&

b‚mm H$m ñdê$n nhbo nhb Añnï> h¡ Ÿ& na _Z _| a OmZo go Cg_| n[adV©Z hmo ahm h¡ Ÿ& lÕmBgo g_P Zht nmVr Ÿ& AV: nyN> ahr h¡ - Vw_ H$m¡Z hmo ? _oam gmam eara amo_m§M go â ahm h¡ Ÿ& A§J-A§J _mo_ H$s Vah H$mo_b hmo ahm h¡ Ÿ& nbH|$ _oar PwH$ ahr h¢ Ÿ& _Zw H$mo Ny>Zo _| r {PPH$ hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ&AO~ gr nadeVm â ahr h¡ Ÿ& _¢ Hw$N> ^r H$aZo _| ñdV§Ì Zht Ÿ&

`h gwZH$a b‚mm Cgo g_Pm ahr h¡ Ÿ& _oao AmZo go BVZm M_ËH¥$V hmoZo H$s Oê$aV Zht Ÿ& _oaoH$maU {ó`m| Ho$ ñdoÀN>mMm[aUr hmoZo na A§Hw$e bJVm h¡ Ÿ& ào_ nW na AmJo OmZo go nhbo Hw$N> {dMmaH$a bmo, `m¡dZ Vmo Xya VH$ ~hm bo Om oJm, ~‹S>r e{º$ h¡ Bg_| Ÿ& na _¢ amoH$ H$a gXmMma H$m _mJ©{XImVr h±ÿ Ÿ& _`m©Xm _| ahZo H$s Amoa g§Ho$V XoVr ahVr h±ÿ Ÿ&

`h gwZ H$a lÕm H$hVr h¡ - _¢ Vwåh| g_P ahr h±ÿ Ÿ& A~ ~mobmo {H$ H$m¡Z gr amh R>rH$ h¡ ? ZmarhmoZo Ho$ ZmVo ñd^mdV: Xw~©b h±ÿ Ÿ& _oam _Z H$_Omoa hmo ahm h¡ Ÿ& _wPo bJm h¡ nwéf na {dídmg H$a CgH$mAml` nmZo _| OrdZ gmW©H$ bJVm h¡ Ÿ& AV: _¢ _Zw Ho$ AmJo gd©ñd g_{n©V H$aZm Mmh ahr h±ÿ Ÿ& ~Xbo

28

_| Hw$N> nmZo H$s AmH$m§jm Zht Ÿ&

A~ b‚mm g_P ahr h¡ {H$ lÕm H$mo Hw$N> r Zht g_Pm`m Om gH$Vm Ÿ& BZ_| g_n©U H$m mdO_ J`m Ÿ& BgZo nhbo nyam gmoM {dMma Zht {H$`m Ÿ& A~ Vmo Mmho Omo g_ñ`m Am o, gd©ñd An©U H$aÝ`m¡N>mda H$aZm hmoJm Ÿ& OrdZ H$m `hr _mJ© h¡ Ÿ& V^r OrdZ nW gwÝXa g_Vb hmo H$a A_¥V òmoV H$sVah àdm{hV hmoJm Ÿ&

1.2.2. H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© : H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© : H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© : H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© : H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :

"b‚mm'gJ© nyao _hmH$mì` _| EH$ {deof _hËd H$m XmdoXma h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo "_mZdrH$aU' nÕ{V H$mg~go geº$ à`moJ Bgr I§S> _| {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& lÕm Zo _Zw H$mo XoIH$a Cgo àmoËgm{hV {H$`m Ÿ& CgH$sCXmgr Xya H$a Cgo H$_© H$s Amoa ào[aV {H$`m Ÿ& na§Vw BgH$s à{V{H«$`m lÕm na Á`mXm à^mdembr hmoVrh¡ Ÿ& dh _Zw Ho$ md Am¡a Xoh XmoZm| H$mo XoI Ý`m¡N>mda hmo CR>Vr h¡ Ÿ& A~ VH$ ñd § {Zé{Xï> {\$a ahr _Zw_| EH$ {R>H$mZm {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& {_b H$a Hw$N> gmW©H$ H$aZo H$m ^md OmJVm h¡ Ÿ& `h g~ g_n©U {~Zmg§ d Zht Ÿ& na§Vw Cg_| EH$ AZOmZ md AmH$a amoH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& h AÑí` gÎmm "b‚mm' hr h¡ Ÿ& H${d ZoCg ^md H$mo _mZdr ê$n _| bmH$a AmXmZ-àXmZ Ho$ ñVa na I‹S>m {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& b‚mm Vmo lÕm _| Nw>nmEH$ _Zmo^md h¡ Ÿ& na H${d Zo Cgo _mZdr ê$n _| mdm| Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZ H$m _mÜ`_ ~Zm {X`m h¡ Ÿ& BgàH$ma _hmH$mì` H$mo EH$ gmW©H$ ê$n _| AmJo ~‹T>m`m h¡ Ÿ& "b‚mm' H$m h gm¡ÝX ©, ào_ Ho$ {Z §ÌH$ Ed§_yë`m| Ho$ {Z`m_H$ ê$n _| lÕm go dmVm©bmn, qhXr gm{hË` _| AZyR>m ~Z n‹S>m h¡ Ÿ&

H${dVm _| ZmZm Ab§H$mam| H$m à`moJ H$a Cgo CËH¥$ï> ê$n {X`m h¡ Ÿ& "{ZIar hmo D$fm H$s bmbr'Am¡a "^mobm gwhmJ' O¡go {deofU {dn © Ab§H$ma Ho$ CXmhaU h¢ Ÿ& {MÎmmH$f©H$ Cn_mAm| H$s Vmo P‹S>rgr bJ OmVr h¡ Ÿ& "Z`Zm| H$m H$ë`mU' Am¡a "Am±Im§o H$m g§Mma' "Z`Zm| H$s Zrb_ H$s KmQ>r' O¡go _YwañWb _moh boVo h¢ Ÿ& OJh-OJh íbof$ Ab§H$ma (O¡go _mZg-öX`, Vmbm~) H$mì` gm¡ÝX © H$mo ~‹T>mXoVm h¡ Ÿ& ê$nH$ Am¡a Cn_m Ho$ CXmhaUm| go Vmo `h gJ© âm h¡ Ÿ&

{d{^Þ C{º$`m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H${d Zo gm¡ÝX © Am¡a `m¡dZ Ho$ nañna g§~§Y H$mo {XIm H$a _Ywa^mdZmAm| H$m CÝ_of {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& _mZdrH$aU H$s Ymam _| H${d Zo H$m_Xod H$mo r gmH$ma aI _Zw Ho$ _Z_| ñWm{ZV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

Bg gJ© H$s H$mì` ^mfm AnZo T>§J H$s AZyR>r h¡ Ÿ& `hm± H${d nyar Vah àVrH$mË_H$ ^mfm boH$alÕm Am¡a b‚mm H$mo EH$ H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& H${dVm H$m gmam _mYw © àg§JmZwHy$b b{bV eãXmdbr go g§ dhþAm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| KQ>Zm àdmh CVZm Zht {_bVm, {OVZm Vrd« ^md àdmh, ^mdm| H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ hmoahm h¡ Ÿ& nyao H$mì` _| `h àg§J gdm©{YH$ _m{_©H$ ~Zm h¡ Ÿ&

29

1.2.3. Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :

a))))) XrK© CÎma _ybH$XrK© CÎma _ybH$XrK© CÎma _ybH$XrK© CÎma _ybH$XrK© CÎma _ybH$ : : : : :

i) b‚mm Am¡a lÕm Ho$ g§dmX H$m gm¡ÝX © ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

ii) "b‚mm' gJ© Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$s g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&

iii) b‚mm gJ© Ho$ g§X © _| H$m_m`Zr Ho$ _yë`~moY na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

iv) "b‚mm' gJ© H$s H$mì` mfm H$m {deofËd ~VmBE Ÿ&

v) "b‚mm' gJ© Ho$ AmYma na H$m_m`Zr Ho$ H$mì` ê$n na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

b))))) g§[já CÎma _ybH$ àíZg§[já CÎma _ybH$ àíZg§[já CÎma _ybH$ àíZg§[já CÎma _ybH$ àíZg§[já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : : : : :

i) "b‚mm' Zo lÕm H$mo AnZm Š`m n[aM` {X`m ?

ii) "b‚mm' Ho$ ApñVËd na àH$me S>m{bE ?

iii)lÕm H$s pñW{V H¡$gr hmo OmVr h¡ ?

iv) b‚mm Zo lÕm H$mo Š`m grI Xr ?

v) b‚mm H$m lÕm na Š`m à^md n‹S>m ?

c))))) A{V g§{já CÎma dmbo àíZA{V g§{já CÎma dmbo àíZA{V g§{já CÎma dmbo àíZA{V g§{já CÎma dmbo àíZA{V g§{já CÎma dmbo àíZ : : : : :

H$) a{V H$s à{V H¥${V H$m¡Z h¡ ?

I) b‚mm Š`m {gImVr h¡ ?

J) g§Ü`m H$s bmbr ~Z H$m¡Z N>m OmVr h¡ ?

K) b‚mm H$mo XoI H$m¡Z M_ËH¥$V hmoVr h¡ ?

L>) H${d Zo Mnb `m¡dZ Am¡a gm¡ÝX © H$s Ym` {H$go H$hm h¡ ?

M) Zd wdVr Ho$ H$nmob na bmbr H$~ Am OmVr h¡ ?

N>) O~ ^r VmobZo bJVr h¡, Vmo H$m¡Z Vwb OmVr h¡ ?

O) Xod-XmZd wÕ _| A§V _| {H$gH$s {dO` hmoVr ahr h¡ ?

P) "nr yf òmoV gr ~hm H$amo ..... Ho$ gwÝXa g_Vb _| Ÿ&''

Imbr ñWmZ _| C{MV eãX a{IE Ÿ&

30

Äm) b‚mm H$m H$hm± àdoe hmoVm h¡ :

E. H$mZ

~r. ZmH$

gr. Am±I

S>r. _Z &

d) ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE Hw$N> àg§Jì`m»`m Ho$ {bE Hw$N> àg§Jì`m»`m Ho$ {bE Hw$N> àg§Jì`m»`m Ho$ {bE Hw$N> àg§Jì`m»`m Ho$ {bE Hw$N> àg§J :- :- :- :- :-

Q>) BVZm Z M_ËH¥$V hmo ~mbo ......... {dMma H$amo Ÿ&

R>) Z`Zm| H$s Zrb_ KmQ>r ......... nmVr hmo Ÿ&

S>) _| Cgr Mnb ......... g_PmVr Ÿ&

T>) bmbr ~Z ......... H$mZm| H$s bmbr Ÿ&

U) Zmar Vw_ Ho$db lÕm hmo ......... gwÝXa g_Vb _| Ÿ&

V) Am±gy Ho$ ^rJo A§Mb na ......... {bIZm hmoJm Ÿ&

31

H$m_m`Zr H$m_m`Zr H$m_m`Zr H$m_m`Zr H$m_m`Zr

Ÿb‚mm gJ© :Ÿb‚mm gJ© :Ÿb‚mm gJ© :Ÿb‚mm gJ© :Ÿb‚mm gJ© :

BVZm Z M_ËH¥$V hmo ~mboAnZo _Z H$m CnH$ma H$amo,

_¢ EH$ nH$‹S> h±ÿ Omo H$hVrR>hamo Hw$N> gmoM-{dMma H$amo !

Aå~a-Mwå~r {h_-ûm¥§Jm| goH$bad H$mobmhb gmW {bE,

{dÚwV H$s àmU_`r Ymam~hVr {Og_| CÝ_mX {b o Ÿ&

_§Jb Hw§$H$_ H$s lr {Og_|{ZIar hmo D$fm H$s bmbr,

^mobm gwhmJ BR>bmVm hmoEogr hmo {Og_| h[a`mbr Ÿ&

hmo Z`Zm| H$m H$ë`mU ~ZmAmZÝX gw_Z-gm {dH$gm hmo,

dmgÝVr Ho$ dZ-d¡ d _|{OgH$m n§M_ ñda {nH$-gm hmo Ÿ&

Am±Im| Ho$ gm±Mo _| AmH$aa_Ur` ê$n ~Z T>bVm-gm,

Z`Zm| H$s Zrb_ H$s KmQ>r{Og ag YZ go N>m OmVr hmo,

dh H$m§¡Y {H$ {Oggo AÝVa H$serVbVm R>§T>H$ nmVr hmo,

{hëbmob âm hmo F$Vwn{V H$m

32

JmoYybr H$s-gr __Vm hmo,OmJaU àmV-gm h±gVm hmo ;

{Og_| _Ü`m• {ZIaVm hmo Ÿ&hmo M{H$V {ZH$b AmB© ghgm

Omo AnZo àmMr Ho$ Ka go,Cg Zdb MpÝÐH$m-go {~N>bo

Omo _mZg H$s bham| na go Ÿ&\y$bm| H$s H$mo_b n§Iw{‹S>`m±

{~Ia| {OgHo$ A{^ZÝXZ _|,_H$aÝX {_bmVr hm| AnZm

ñdmJV Ho$ Hw§$H$_ MÝXZ _| Ÿ&H$mo_b {H$gb` __©a-ad-go

{OgH$m O`Kmof gwZmVo hm|,{Og_| Xw:I-gwI {_bH$a _Z Ho$

CËgd AmZÝX _ZmVo hm| Ÿ&CÁdb daXmZ MoVZm H$m

gm¢X © {Ogo g~ H$hVo h¢,{Og_| AZÝV A{^bmfm Ho$

gnZo g~ OJVo ahVo h¢ Ÿ&_¢ Cgr Mnb H$s YmÌr h±ÿ

Jm¡ad _{h_m h±ÿ {gIbmVr,R>moH$a Omo bJZo dmbr h¡

CgH$mo Yrao go g_PmVr hmo,~Z AmdO©Zm-_y{V© XrZm

AnZr AV¥{á-gr g§{MV hmo Ÿ&Ad{eï> ah JB© AZw d _|

AnZr AVrV Ag\$bVm-grbrbm-{dbmg H$s IoX ar

AdgmX -_`r l_-X{bVm-gr Ÿ&

33

_¢ a{V H$s à{VH¥${V b‚mm h±ÿ,_Vdmbr gwÝXaVm nJ _|Zynwa-gr {bnQ> _ZmVr h±ÿ Ÿ&

bmbr ~Z gag H$nmobm| _|Am±Im| _| A§OZ gr bJVr,

Hw§${MV AbH$m| gr Kw±Kambr_Z H$s _amoa ~ZH$a OJVr Ÿ&

M§Mb {H$emoa gwÝXaVm H$s_¢ H$aVr ahVr aIdmbr Ÿ&

_¢ dh hbH$s-gr _gbZ h±ÿOmo ~ZVr H$mZm| H$s bmbr Ÿ&* * *

hm± R>rH$ naÝVw ~VmAmoJo_oao OrdZ H$m nW Š`m h¡ ?

Bg {Z{d‹S> {Zem _| g§g¥{V H$sAmbmoH$_`r aoIm Š`m h¡ ?

`h AmO g_P Vmo nmB© h±ÿ_¢ Xw~©bVm _| Zmar h±ÿ,

Ad`d H$s gwÝXa H$mo_bVmboH$a _¢ g~go hmar h±ÿ Ÿ&

na _Z ^r Š`m| BVZm T>rbmAnZo hr hmoVm OmVm h¡,

KZí`m_-IÊS>-gr Am±Im| _|Š`m| ghgm Ob â AmVm h¡ ?

gd©ñd-g_n©U H$aZo H$s{dídmg-_hmVé-N>m`m _|,

MwnMmn n‹S>r ahZo H$s Š`m|__Vm OJVr h¡ _m`m _| Ÿ&

N>m`mnW _| VmaH$-Úw{V-gr

34

{Pb{_b H$aZo H$s _Yw-brbm,A{^Zd H$aVr Š`m| Bg _Z _|

H$mo_b {ZarhVm l_-erbm ?{Zñg§~b hmoH$a {VaVr h±ÿ,

Bg _mZg H$s JhamB© _| ;MmhVr Zht OmJaU H$^r

gnZo H$s Bg gwKamB© _| Ÿ&Zmar OrdZ H$m {MÌ hr

Š`m ? {dH$b a§J â XoVr hmo,Añ\w$Q> aoIm H$s gr_m _|

AmH$a H$bm H$mo XoVr h¡ Ÿ&éH$Vr h±ÿ Am¡a R>haVr h±ÿ

na gmoM {dMma Z H$a gH$Vr ;nJbr-gr H$moB© AÝVa _|

~¡R>r O¡go AZw{XV ~H$Vr Ÿ&

***

35

{Zambm{Zambm{Zambm{Zambm{Zambm

Ÿ1.3. gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'gy`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zambm'

1.3.1. n[aM` : n[aM` : n[aM` : n[aM` : n[aM` :

{ZambmOr H$m OÝ_ _o{XZrnwa {Obo Ho$ _{hfmXb _| 1887 B©. _| hþAm Ÿ& H$mÝ`Hw$ãO ~«m÷Un[adma _| OÝ_ bo H$a r do n§{S>VmB© T>§J go OrdZ mnZ _| {dídmgr Zht Wo Ÿ& Ú{n VrZ df© H$s C_«_| _m± H$m XohmdgmZ hmo J`m Ÿ& AV: nmbZ-nmofU Ho$ {bE Ka na Ym` aIr JB© Ÿ& gy ©Hw$_ma H$sàma§{^H$ n‹T>mB© _{hfmXb _| hþB© Ÿ& H$_ C_« _| (1911) BZH$m {ddmh _Zmoa_mXodr go hþAm Ÿ& EH$nwÌ(am_H¥$îU) Am¡a nwÌr(gamoO) OÝ_ Ho$ ~mX CZH$m XohmÝV hmo J`m Ÿ& {Zambm Bg AmKmV go Qy>Q> JE Ÿ&{\$a _wpíH$b go gåhmbm ñd § H$mo Ÿ& H$mobH$mVm _| Hw$N> {XZ "g_Ýd`' nÌ H$m H$m_ XoIm Ÿ& na§Vw ~mX_| do "_Vdmbm' _| Am JE Ÿ& A~ gm{hË` OJV go àË`j g§nH©$ hmo J`m Ÿ& Bbmhm~mX _| gm{hË`H$mam|({deof H$a gw{_ÌmZÝXZ n§V Am¡a _hmXodr d_m©) go CZH$s K{Zð>Vm hþB© Ÿ& do XmamJ§O _| ahVo Ÿ& dht àog_| H$m_ {H$`m Ÿ& Omo hmo , H$ht do O_ H$a Zht ah gHo$ Ÿ& Bgr H$maU Am{W©H$ {ñW{V h_oem Iam~ ahr Ÿ&b§~o Ag} H$s ~r_mar Ho$ ~mX 15AŠQy>~a 1961 H$mo CZH$m XohmÝV hmo J`m Ÿ&

N>m`mdmX hr Zht qhXr gm{hË` Ho$ g~go AŠI‹S> Am¡a ñnï>dmXr H${d {Zambm Wo Ÿ& CZHo$ CJ«ñd^md Ho$ H$maU AmJo Mb H$a do g~go AbJ hmo JE Ÿ& A~ CZH$s pñW{V Am¡a Iam~ hmo JB© Ÿ&_mZ{gH$ ê$n go AñdñW hmo H$a boIZ ^r {deof Zht H$a nm o Ÿ& Bgr é½UmdñWm _| 15 AŠQy>~a1961 H$mo _hmàmU {Zambm H$m XohmdgmZ hmo J`m Ÿ&

1.3.2. {Zambm H$mì` H$s d¡Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï> : {Zambm H$mì` H$s d¡Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï> : {Zambm H$mì` H$s d¡Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï> : {Zambm H$mì` H$s d¡Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï> : {Zambm H$mì` H$s d¡Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï> :

{ZambmOr Kmo{fV ê$n_| H$^r amOZr{V _| Zht Hy$Xo Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo {H$gr Am§XmobZ _| mJ Zht {b`m,Mmho dh amOZr{V H$m hmo, g_mO H$ë`mU H$m hmo, Ym{_©H$ ew{MVm hmo AWdm AÝ` {H$gr J{Verb{df` H$mo boH$a Ÿ& bo{H$Z {Zambm _| à{VdmX H$s ^mdZm Wr, H«$m§{V MoVZm Wr Ÿ& ZyVZ Ho$ à{V {deofAmJ«h Wm Ÿ& A§Y{dídmgm|, YmaUmAm| VWm na§namAm| Ho$ à{V H$moB© AmH$f©U Zht Wm Ÿ& AV: Bg mddmbo ì`{º$ H$s mfm EH$mWu Am¡a grYr-gnmQ> Zht hmo gH$Vr Ÿ&

{Zambm Ho$ g_` _| ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m_ Mb ahm Wm Ÿ& Jm§Yr, JmoIbo, {VbH$, Jmon~ÝYw, nmb,

36

bmb, gw mf, amOJmonmbmMmar Am{X ZoVmJU gmao Xoe _| {d{dY joÌr` Am§XmobZ EH$ hr bú` H$mo boH$a Mbm aho Wo Ÿ& hm± na Xoe Xwhao X_Z H$m {eH$ma Wm Ÿ& A§J«oOm| Ho$ Abmdm Xogr [a`mgV| CZHo$ ~bna _Z_mZr emgZ _| bJr Wr Ÿ& BYa Xoe ñd § A§Y{dídmgm|, A{ejm, X[aÐVm, {dH$mghrZVm `m{nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ MH«$ _| \§$gm Wm Ÿ& {H$gmZ H$s XwX©em AdU©Zr` Wr Ÿ& _OXya Vmo _yH$ Am¡a Aghm` Wm Ÿ&Xw~©b Zht Ÿ& Bg àH$ma namYrZVm H$s ~o{‹S>`m| na g~ gMoVZ Wo Ÿ& AÝ` AZoH$ ~mYm | Wr Omo _Zwî` H$moZrMo X~m ahr Wr Ÿ& Xoe H$m MoVZ A§e gmo`m hþAm Wm Ÿ& Cgo OJmZm, gMoV H$aZm Am¡a {\$a Am§XmobZHo$ O[a o Cgo _w{º$ H$s ~mV H$h H$a AmJo ~‹T>mZm Oê$ar Wm Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE `h OmJ¥{VH$m e§I Jm§Yr Zo AmÝXmobZ amOZ¡{VH$ _§M na \y§$H$m Ÿ& gm{hË`H$mam| Zo {d{^Þ {dYmAm| _| Bgo AnZo T>§Jgo ê$nmH$ma {X`m Ÿ& ñdmYrZVm, namYrZVm Am¡a g§J«m_ gm{hË` Ho$ {df` Wo Ÿ& Bg_| amï´>r`Vm _w»` ñdaWm Ÿ& `h MoVZm OJmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ Wm Ÿ& ha Va\$ H$s namYrZVm (Am{W©H$, amOZ¡{VH$,AmÜ`mpË_H$, d¡Mm[aH$) Ho$ {déÕ MoVZm OmJ«V hþB© Ÿ& BZ go g_mO {dH$mg H$s Z`r Ymam IwbVr h¡ Ÿ&AV: o _yë` h_mao OrdZ Ho$ A{^Þ A§J ~Z JE Ÿ& A~ _w{º$ Ho$ {bE Omo amï´>r` g§Kf© Mb ahm Wm,gm{hË`H$ma ^r CgH$m A§J Wm Ÿ& aMZmH$mam| Zo AVrV Ho$ Jm¡adembr nj H$mo COmJa {H$`m, ^maVr`MoVZm _| aMo-~go {_WH$m| H$mo nwZ:ì`m»`m{`V {H$`m Ÿ& BgHo$ àIa ñda go maVr` gmo o OZ_mZg H$moOJmZo H$m JraW à`mg {H$`m Ÿ& namYrZVm go _wº$ hmoZo Ho$ {bE AVrV H$s _hmZ Jm¡ad JmWm H$m ~moYOê$ar Wm Ÿ& Bg{bE gm{hË`H$ma BZ Xme©{ZH$ Vmam|H$mo N>o‹S> H$a ào[aV H$aZo bJm Ÿ&

1.3.3. {Zambm H$m àoaUm òmoV : {Zambm H$m àoaUm òmoV : {Zambm H$m àoaUm òmoV : {Zambm H$m àoaUm òmoV : {Zambm H$m àoaUm òmoV :

`hr g~ ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ Ho$ Xm¡amZ Mb ahm h¡ Ÿ& _w{º$ H$s g§doXZm CZ_| à_wI ñda h¡ Ÿ& h{dXoer gÎmm go _w{º$ H$m AmˆmZ h¡ Ÿ& _w{º$ H$s Bg {dMmaYmam _| CZHo$ AZw d, CZH$m [M§VZ-AÜ``ZAm¡a {_Ìm| go {_bm h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm H$m AÜ``Z Jham Wm Ÿ& {_Ì dJ© ^r Iy~ {demb Wm Ÿ& {^Þ-{^ÞH${dVmAm| _| {^Þ-{^Þ ê$n {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo h ê$n EH$Vm H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a àñVwV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&^maVr` {d{dYVm _| EH$Vm H$m gyÌ ~hþV g_` go ahm h¡ Ÿ& `hm± {d{dY Om{V`m±, g§ñH¥${V`m± Am¡ana§nam | AmH$a ~gr h¢, {\$a gmW-gmW ahZo r bJr Ÿ& {dXoer Z o Am o, CÝhm|Zo BZHo$ ~rM oX, XamaHo$ à`mg {H$ o Ÿ& ~m§Q>Zo H$s H$mo{ee| H$s Ÿ& Amngr gm¡_ZmdñWm H$mo Vmo‹S> H$a Ûof, {d oX Ed§ {ddmX Ho$~rO ~mo o JE Ÿ& {Zambm Zo Bgo Iy~ AÀN>r Vah g_Pm Wm Ÿ& AV: EH$Vm, g_agVm O¡go {dMma boH$a{d{^Þ H${dVmAm| _| ^md J§«WZ {H$`m Ÿ& na§Vw _ybV: A§J«oOr amO go _w{º$ H$m Am§XmobZ Bg `wJ H$sMoVZm na N>m`m Wm Ÿ& AV: Xoe H$s AmOmXr H$mì`MoVZm H$m _w»` ñda ahm Ÿ& Bg_| nwamUo{Vhmg Ho$H$WmZH$m| H$mo AmYma ~Zm`m, g_H$mbrZ WmW© H$mo a§J {X`m AWdm OrdZ Ho$, àH¥${V Ho$ {d{dY {MÌ

37

A§{H$V {H$ o Ÿ& {Zambm Ho$ _mZg na `h ^md à_wI ê$n go N>m`m ahm Ÿ&

1.3.4 {Zambm H$mì` _| ZdMoVZm :{Zambm H$mì` _| ZdMoVZm :{Zambm H$mì` _| ZdMoVZm :{Zambm H$mì` _| ZdMoVZm :{Zambm H$mì` _| ZdMoVZm :

N>m`mdmXr wJ bo hr ~hþV Wmo‹S>o g_` VH$ g{H«$` ahm Ÿ& na§Vw Cg_| qhXr gm{hË` H$mo ZyVZVmH$m anya ñdmX {X`m Ÿ& h md, mfm Am¡a e¡br ha Ñ{ï> go AZyR>m Wm Ÿ& hr wJ h¡ O~ I‹S>r ~mobrH$s AnZr H$mì` mfm Am¡a H$mì` MoVZm H$m {dH$mg hmo ahm Wm Ÿ& H${dVm _| EH$ CƒñVa na ñWmnZmHo$ A{^Zd à`mg hmo aho Wo Ÿ& Bg_| gdm©J« N>m`mdmXr aMZmH$ma AmVo h¢ Ÿ& {Zambm Zo Vmo Kmo{fV H$a{X`m Wm -

Ÿ ""ZdJ{V, Zdb`, Vmb N>§X Zd

Zdb H§$R>, Zd ObX - _§Ð ad

Zd Z^ Ho$ Zd {dh§J d¥§X H$mo

Zd da Zd ñda Xo Ÿ&''

`h Zd ñda H${d H$s nyar MoVZm H$mo ì §{OV H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm Zo ^mfm H$mo boH$a {d{dYà`moJ {H$ò h¢ Ÿ& g§ñH¥$V {Zð> Xwéh-g_mg wº$ ^mfm go boH$a EH$X_ ~mobMmb H$s gab-ghOA{^ì`{º$ H$m à`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$m ^mfm à`moJ Hw$Hw$a_wÎmo go ~hþV A{YH${d{dYVm Ho$ g§Ho$V XoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma {Zambm Zo H$mì` ê$nm| _| Anma {d{dYVm àX{e©V H$s h¡ Ÿ& EH$Amoa JrVm| H$s a_ma h¡ Vmo Xygar Amoa CÝhm|Zo b§~r H${dVmAm| _| Zò à{V_mZ ñWm{nV {H$ò h¢ Ÿ& qhXr_| _wº$N>§X H$mo ewê$ H$aZo Am¡a ñWm{nV H$aZo _| {Zambm hr AJ«Ur h¢ Ÿ&

qhXr H${dVm A~ VH$ nma§n[aH$ hmo m ZyVZ, N>§Xm| H$m ~§YZ An[ahm © _mZVr ahr Ÿ& {Zambm Zonhbr ~ma ñdÀN>§X N>§X H$m à`moJ {H$`m Ÿ& VwH$m§V nXmdbr Ho$ X~md go H${dVm H$mo _wº$ {H$`m Ÿ& EH$Z`m n¡Q>Z© H${dVm H$mo {X`m Ÿ& `hm± CXmhaU Ho$ {bE "~mXb amJ' H$mo bo gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& AmH$me _| _wº${dMaU H$aVm ~mXb Am¡a dh r EH$ {deof {Xem Am¡a Xoe H$s Amoa J{V H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm H$s J{VBgr ê$n _| _wº$ hmoZo na ^r AZmH$s© dmbr Zht h¡ Ÿ& A§J«oOr Ho$ "gmZoQ>' H$s Vah gr{_V n§{º$`m| _|H$mì`m{^ì`{º$ hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ& bo{H$Z {Zambm Zo _hmH$mì` H$m {dH$ën XoVo hþE b§~r H${dVm Ho$ ê$n _|"am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' àñVwV H$s h¡ Ÿ& N>§X H$m `h EH$ A{^Zd à`moJ h¡ Ÿ& `hm± H${dVm ~‹S>m H¡$ZdmgboH$a MbVr h¡ Ÿ& AV: ^mfm, Üd{Z, N>§X ha ñVa na H${d EH$ D±$Mm ñVa MwZ H$a MbVm h¡ Ÿ& BZ_|_m{ÌH$ N>§Xm| go ~‹T>H$a ÜdÝ`mË_H$Vm H$m à^md A{YH$ h¡ Ÿ& "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' _| {Zambm AZwàmgH$m AË §V à^mdr à`moJ H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& BgHo$ {d{dY A§J BVZr ñdm^m{dH$Vm go AmVo h¢ Ÿ{H$ nmR>H$ Ho$

38

gm_Zo nyam Ñí` Jy§OZo bJVm h¡ Ÿ& wÕ hmo, {Zamem hmo, CËgmh hmo, ào_ hmo, ñ_¥{V .... {d{dY mdm| Ho$Bg g_mamoh _| {Zambm Zo Üd{Z H$m gdm©{YH$ gmW©H$ à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

{deof H$a {d{dY JrVm|(O¡go ào_ JrV, àH¥${V go Ow‹S>o JrVm|, àmW©Zm JrVmo|, amï´>^md go àoaUmàXJrVm|) _| {Zambm Zo AJ{UV à`moJ {H$ o h¢ Ÿ& Hw$N> Jo` h¢ Vmo Hw$N> nmR²>` ! Hw$N> _| AmË_gmjmËH$ma H$mñda h¡ Vmo Hw$N> _| bmoH$JrV H$s e¡br na bmoH$OrdZ ì §OH$ JrV h¢ Ÿ& bmoH$ Am¡a emó XmoZm| H$mo {^Þ-{^Þ JrVm| _| {Zambm Zo Zò T>§J go ì`§OZm Xr h¡ Ÿ&

{Zambm ào_, àH¥${V Am¡a àJ{V Ho$ H${d h¢ Ÿ& h ào_ _mZd ào_, ì`{º$ ào_, amï´> ào_ go boH$aOJ ào_ VH$ {d{^Þ ñVam| na {d{dY ê$nm| _| ì`º$ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& amo_m§{Q>H$ Ymam Vmo h_| ar{VH$mb go{damgV _| {_b OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Cgr àH$ma àmW©Zm r h_| {º$H$mb Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ g§X © _| A{^Zd g§aMZmg{hV {_bVo h¢ Ÿ& `hm± na amï´>r` ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m_ Ho$ n[aàoú` _| {Zambm Zo ^maV H$mo amï´>>XodVm Ho$ ê$n_| {M{ÌV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| amï´>r`Vm H$mo Iy~ gMoVZ hmo H${d ì §{OV H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& _mV¥^y{_ H$mo_mV¥e{º$ ê$n _| EH$ Ñ‹T> g§H$ën Ho$ gmW d§XZm H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& hr A{^Zd ê$n mfm, md, N>§X gd©Ìn[ab{jV hmo ahm h¡ Ÿ& {df` Ñ{ï> go H${d Zo g_H$mbrZ WmW© H$mo Iy~ JhamB© go {b`m h¡ Ÿ& amOZ¡{VH$`WmW© H$mo g§Kf© H$m ê$n XoH$a "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' h¡ Vmo CYa "{^jwH$' _| Am{W©H$ WmW© H$mo ê$nmH$maXoVo h¢ Ÿ& à`moJ H$s ì`mnH$Vm H$m Bggo ~‹S>>m àVrH$ Am¡a Š`m hmo gH$Vm h¡ !

1.3.5. "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$m H$WmZH$ :"am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$m H$WmZH$ :"am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$m H$WmZH$ :"am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$m H$WmZH$ :"am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$m H$WmZH$ :

N>m`mdmXr g¥OZ g§ ma _| "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' AnZo T>§J H$m AZyR>m A§e h¡ Ÿ& Bgo XrK© H${dVm,b§~r H${dVm, à~moYmË_H$ H${dVm Am{X AZoH$ Zm_m| go g§~moYZ {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| _hmH$mì`mË_H$J§ raVm Ed§ ì`mnH$Vm H$m g_mdoe hþAm h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm H$s `h H¥${V C^` H$WmZH$ Ed§ ^mdm{^ì`{º$H$s Ñ{ï> go AZwn_ h¡ Ÿ& ^maVr` OrdZ _| gdm©{YH$ ì`má am_ Ho$ _hËdnyU© àg§J H$mo boH$a Bg H¥${VH$s aMZm H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ& g~go _hËd H$s ~mV h¡ {H$ `hm± {Zambm Zo Vwbgr H$s Vah "am_' H$mo ~«÷ ^rH$hm h¡ Am¡a _mZd r Ÿ& ~«÷ hr am_ ê$n h¡ Am¡a _mZd am_ hr ~«÷ h¡ Ÿ& XmoZm| H$s A§Vì`m©{á H$mo {ZambmZo ~hþV gwÝXa T>§J go aoIm§{H$V {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

H$WmZH$ Ho$ àma§ _| am_-amdU Ho$ wÕ _| qM{VV am_ Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& Cg {XZ amdU goàË`j wÕ _| am_ H$m ~mU amdU H$mo ñne© Zht H$a nmVm Ÿ& V~ am_ Zo Jm¡a go XoIm - dhm± na Hw$N> Am¡ahr Ñí` h¡ Ÿ& amdU Zo e{º$ H$s AmamYZm H$a Cgo àgÞ H$a {b`m h¡ Ÿ& do CgHo$ nrN>o I‹S>r hmoH$a am_Am¡a am_ H$s goZm Ho$ gmao àhma AnZo D$na bo boVr h¡ Ÿ& am_ H$m _Z Bg Ñ{ï> go Mm¢H$ OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Cgg§Ü`m wÕ ñW{JV H$a {e{da bm¡Q> AmVo h¢ Ÿ& _§ÌUm hoVw goZmÜ`j Am{X g~ ~¡R>o h¢ Ÿ& am_ {XZ H$m g_a

39

`mX H$a CXmg hmo CR>Vo h¢ Ÿ& CÝh| bJVm h¡ Xodr Ho$ Amerdm©X Ho$ H$maU wÕ _| amdU H$mo OrVZm H${R>Zh¡ ! do ñ_¥{V _| AVrV Ho$ Ñí`m| _| Imo OmVo h¢ - Bg_| Vm‹S>H$m-gw~mhþ dY, nwîndm{Q>H$m _| grVm go |Q>,IaXyfU {Ì{eam dY Am{X àg§J Am±Im| Ho$ AmJo V¡a OmVo h¢ Ÿ& V^r amdU H$m N>m`m ê$n JaOVm bJVmh¡ Ÿ& am_ {Zamem _| {Ka OmVo h¢ Ÿ& am_ H$s Am±I â AmVr h§¡ Ÿ& Am±gy Q>nH$ n‹S>Vo h¢ Ÿ& dra hZw_mZ `hXoI H$a {dM{bV hmo CR>Vo h¢ Ÿ& CÝMmg ndZ ~hZo bJo, AQ²>Q>hmg H$a do _hmH$me _| nh±þM OmVo h¢ Ÿ&g_wÐ r {hb CR>Vm h¡ Ÿ& AnZo {demb AmH$ma _| Bg g¥{ï> H$mo hr {ZJbZo na CVmé hmo OmVo h¢ Ÿ& {ed^r S>mob JE Ÿ& do e{º$ H$mo g_PmVo h¢, h ~mb~«÷Mmar h¡, Bgo OrVZm H${R>Z h¡ Ÿ& am_ H$s AM©Zm_| gj_ h¡ Ÿ& Bgo àhma H$a H$moB© namñV Zht H$a gH$Vm Ÿ& g§Kf© H$s OJh {dÚm go g_PmZm hmoJm,V^r h PwHo$Jm Ÿ& A~ e{º$ A§OZm ê$n _| àH$Q> hmoH$a H$hZo bJr - ~MnZ _| gy © {ZJbZo H$s ~mVna _¢ {H$VZr Xw:Ir hþB© Ÿ& V~ dh A~moYnZ Wm Ÿ& AmO Š`m _hmH$me {ZJbZo Om aho hmo ! h {ed H$m{Zdmg h¡ ! am_ Zo BgHo$ {bE Vwåh| Amkm Xr h¡ ? hZw_mZ {PPH$ H$a em§V hmo OmVo h¢ Ÿ& do Yrao-Yrao CVaà w nX _| Ü`mZ bJmVo h¢ Ÿ& am_ Ho$ {IÞ md na {d^rfU Zo nyN>m Vmo am_ Zo gmar ~mV ~Vm`r Ÿ& Xw:Iram_ Zo H$hm - A~ h_ Zht OrV gH$Vo Ÿ& A~ `h wÕ amjg Am¡a Za~mZa Ho$ ~rM Zht h¡ Ÿ& CYa_hme{º$ h¢ ! {OYa AÝ`m`, CYa _hmXodr !'' am_ H$m H§$R>mdamoY Ÿ& h XoI Om§~dmZ gbmh XoVo h¢ -ho nwéf qgh ! Bg_| {dMbZ H¡$gm ? amdU Zo e{º$ AmamYZm H$s Ÿ& A~ Amn r e{º$ H$mo AnZo nj_| H$a gH$Vo h¢, Amn ewÕ nyV hmoH$a Oê$a e{º$ H$mo àgÞ H$a gH$Vo h¢ ! e{º$ H$s _m¡{bH$ H$ënZmH$a| Ÿ& g_a V~ VH$ Z H$a| Ÿ& h_ g~ gÞY h¢ Ÿ& ~rM _| h_mao goZmZm`H$ hm|Jo bú_U, ~m§ r AmoaA§JX, Xm{hZo hZw_mZ Ÿ& Zb, Zrb, gwJ«rd, {d^rfU Am{X CZH$s _XX _| ah| Ÿ& am_ Bg àñVmd H$mo_mZ H$a àñVwV hmo JE Ÿ& Cg e{º$ H$s H$ënZm Eogr h¡ {H$ gm_Zo hao-âo d¥jm| go gwÝXa I‹S>m nd©VXwJm©, Xg {Xem CgHo$ hmW, gm_Zo JaOVm qgYw hr qgh h¡ Am¡a {damQ> \¡$bm AmH$me e{eeoIa {edh¡ Ÿ&

nyOm Ho$ {bE XodrXh go H$_b nwîn bmZo H$m H$m © hZw_mZ H$mo gm¢nm Ÿ& BYa wÕ Am¡a CYa am_H$s CnmgZm ! H«$_e: Ü`mZ H|$Ðr yV hmoH$a N>: {XZ _| AmkmMH«$ _| Ho$pÝÐV hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& AmR>d| {XZD$na ghòma H$_b VH$ nh±þMm h¡ Ü`mZ Ÿ& amV Ho$ g_` XwJm© àH$Q> hmoH$a A§{V_$ H$_b H$mo CR>m boVrh¢ Ÿ& An©U Ho$ {bE H$_b Z {_bm Vmo Ü`mZ go hQ> H$a am_ Zo Am±I Imobr Ÿ& H$_b Zht Ÿ! AmgZN>mo‹S>Zo na A{g{Õ hmoVr h¡ ! do ñd § H$mo {YŠH$maZo bJo Ÿ& bJm A~ OmZH$s H$m CÕma Ag§ d h¡ !V^r ñ_¥{V gMoV hmo CR>r Ÿ& ~MnZ _| _m± _wPo ñZoh _| amOrd Z`Z H$hVr ... Vmo Xmo H$_b _oao nmg h¢ !EH$ ZoÌ H$_b Xo nyOm g§nÞ H$a gHy§$Jm Ÿ& ~mU boH$a Xm{hZr Am±I {ZH$mb A{n©V H$aZo CÚV hmo OmVoh¢ Ÿ& Xodr Zo àH$Q> hmoH$a Xe©Z {Xò Ÿ& _mZmo gmYZm g\$b hþB© -""hmoJr O` hmoJr O`'' H$h H$a dh

40

_hme{º$ am_ Ho$ eara _| brZ hmo JB© !

e{º$ nyOm gmao maV _| àM{bV h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw ZdamÌ Am¡a XwJm©nyOm H$m {deof _hËd ~§Jmb _| h¡ Ÿ&dhm± XwJm© H$mo àgÞ H$aZo H$m gdm}Îm_ {Xdg "_hmîQ>_r' _mZm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm H$m àma§{^H$ H$mb~§Jmb _| ~rVm h¡ Ÿ&

"Xodr ^mJdV' _| am_ Ûmam Xodr AmamYZm H$m àg§J AmVm h¡ Ÿ& ZmaX CnXoe XoVo h¢ Am¡a am_ZdamÌm H$m d«V H$a Xodr H$mo àgÞ H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

d¡go dmë_r{H$ am_mÙ _| AJñË` Ûmam Am{XË`öX` H$m CnXoe XoZo g§~§Yr àg§J AmVm h¡ Ÿ& BgàH$ma go X¡dr e{º$ H$s CnmgZm Ho$ {d{^Þ òmoV CnbãY h¢ Ÿ& O~ {H$ hZw_mZ Ho$ _hmH$me _| OmH$agy © H$mo {ZJbZo H$s ~mV ^r nwamUm| _| CnbãY h¡ Ÿ& Bgr àg§J _| _m± A§OZm H$m S>m§Q>Zm Am{X H$mCëboI h¡ {OgH$m Cn`moJ {Zambm Zo `hm± na hZw_mZ Ho$ H«$moY H$mo e_Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

Bg H$WmZH$ Ho$ H$mì` ê$n Ho$ {bE {Zambm Zo "Vm§S>d ñVmoÌ' go àoaUm br h¡ Ÿ& {ed H$mo àgÞH$aZo amdU Eogm ñVmoÌ aMVm h¡ Ÿ& {OgH$s VwbZm Zht Ÿ& {Zambm Ho$$ am_ e{º$ H$mo àgÞ H$aZo Ü`mZ_½Z h¢ Am¡a ~g EH$ nwîn An©U H$a aho h¢ à{V{XZ ! H$moB© AmS>§~a Zht Ÿ& An©U hoVw VZ-_Z nyao ê$n _|VëbrZ h¢ Ÿ& Bgr_| gmYZm g\$b hmoVr h¡ ! h à~§Y H${dVm {Og T>§J go gwJ{R>V h¡, CgHo$ _hme{º$Ho$ AmamYZm Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ - AmÜ`mpË_H$ ñVa H$mo gy{MV H$a ahr h¡ Ÿ&

1.3.6. àVrH$mË_H$Vm :àVrH$mË_H$Vm :àVrH$mË_H$Vm :àVrH$mË_H$Vm :àVrH$mË_H$Vm :

{Zambm nyU©V: gMoVZ H$bmH$ma Wo Ÿ& Ho$db H$mën{ZH$ AmYma na `m Ym{_©H$ é{‹T> na H${dVmH$aZm CZH$m bú` H$^r Zht ahm Ÿ& _ybV: dh `wJ ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m_ H$m Wm Ÿ& XwY©f© e{º$ Ho$ gm_Zo{Zarh OZVm Am§XmobZ {bE I‹S>r ! CZHo$ nmg gmar Amgwar e{º$`m± h¢ ! BZH$m gm_Zm AmÜ`mpË_H$gmYZm go g§ d h¡ Ÿ& Ë`mJ Ed§ Vn go _hme{º$ H$mo AnZo nj _| H$aZm g§ d h¡ Ÿ& S>m°. am_{dbmg e_m©BgH$s ì`m»`m _| H$hVo h¢ -""am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm Ho$ àVrH$ BVZo g~b Am¡a ^mdnyU© h¢, Am¡a do{Zambm Ho$ OrdZ -gË` H$mo Eogo ZmQ>H$s` ê$n _| àñVwV H$aVo h¢ .... `hm± CÝhm|Zo AnZo OrdZ H$sAZw y{V, {Zamem, namO`, g§Kf©, {dO` H$m_Zm H$mo ZmQ>H$s` ê$n {X`m h¡ Ÿ& ("am_ H$s e{º$ nyOmAm¡a {Zambm' n¥. -151) S>m°. {dÚm{Zdmg {_l Zo ~ma-~ma Bg àVrH$ {dYmZ _| Jm§Yr H$m ñdV§ÌVmg§J«m_, A§J«oO e{º$ Am¡a Jm§Yr Ho$ Aqhgm Am§XmobZ H$s g§J{V {~R>m`r h¡ Ÿ& _hme{º$ H$s AmamYZm{H$gr r à{Vnj H$m gm_Zm H$aZo H$s e{º$ àXmZ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& {Zamem, g§e`, hVmem j{UH$ md h§¡Omo AmH$a {dM{bV H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw do g~ Cgo X¥‹T> à{Vk Ed§ e{º$embr ~ZmZo _| g_W© hmo OmVo h¢ Ÿ&Bg àH$ma {Zambm H$s `h H¥${V AnZo àVrH$ ê$n _| g§nyU© AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr` H$mì` joÌ _| AZyR>r hr

41

Zht, geº$ Am¡a na§nam g§JV Ymam _| AmJo bo OmZo dmbr h¡ Ÿ&

1.3.7. H$mì` ê$n :H$mì` ê$n :H$mì` ê$n :H$mì` ê$n :H$mì` ê$n :

`Ú{n N>m`mdmXr wJ _| ^r "H$m_m`Zr' O¡go _hmH$mì` aMo JE h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw A~ CZH$s H$Wm,I§S>, mfm, ê$n g~ _| n[adV©Z {XI ahm h¡ Ÿ& H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ _hmH$mì` H$m ñWmZ b§~r H${dVmZo bo {b`m Ÿ& àgmX, n§V, {Zambm Am{X Zo Bgo ñdrH$ma {H$`m Ÿ& Bg_| H$WmZH$ gm§Jmonm§J Zht hmogH$Vm Ÿ& EH$ XrK© H$Wm H$m A§e boH$a Cgo nyU© H$Wm ê$n àXmZ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm'H$mo Bg ê$n _| am_ H$Wm Ho$ Ma_ jUm| go nyd© (amdU dY) Ho$ àg§J H$mo boH$a àñVwV {H$`m Ÿ& {ZambmZo" gm§ñH¥${VH$ g_mg e¡br' H$m à`moJ H$a Bg_| {d{dY ^md ê$nm| H$m g_mdoe {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& am_ H$s{Zamem, hZw_mZ H$m H«$moY, grVm Ho$ ñ_aU _| ào_ Am¡a Eogo AZoH$ g§Ho$V h¢ {OZgo Bg XrK© H${dVm _|ZyVZVm H$m g_mdoe hþAm h¡ Ÿ& _hmH$mì` - I§S> H$mì` Am{X H$hZo H$s H$moB© g§ mdZm Zht ah OmVr Ÿ&{Zambm Zo b§~r H${dVm Ho$ H$mì`{dYmZ H$mo ñdrH$ma H$a Cg ê$n _| J{R>V {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& am_ H$s {Zamem goAma§ hmoH$a Vnñ`m Ho$ O{Q>b _mJ© go JwOa H$a H${dVm Amem Am¡a AmídmgZ Ho$ gmW g_má hmoVrh¡ Ÿ& EH$ hr bú` h¡ Ÿ& CgH$s Xmo-VrZ dmYm`| h¢ Ÿ& CZ na g§Ho$VmË_H$ T>§J go {dO` àmá H$a àarjm _|Zm`H$ g\$b hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& `h CÎmrU©Vm H${dVm H$mo Ma_ bú` VH$ nh±þMmVr h¡ Ÿ&

1.3.8. gm¡ÝX`© -{dYmZ :gm¡ÝX`© -{dYmZ :gm¡ÝX`© -{dYmZ :gm¡ÝX`© -{dYmZ :gm¡ÝX`© -{dYmZ :

qhXr Ho$ na§namJV H$mì` ê$n _| {Zambm ZyVZ VËdm| H$m g_mdoe H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& `hm± CÝhm|Zo dU©ZH$m¡eb, ZmX gm¡ÝX ©, ^mfm à`moJ, nmÌm| Ho$ {ddaU _| ~hþV Hw$N> A{^ZdVm Ho$ Xe©Z H$am o h¢ Ÿ&

Bg H${dVm _| am_ Ho$ {df` ê$n, hZw_mZ Ho$ H«$mo{YV ê$n, XwJm© Ho$ ê$n Am{X {d{^Þ Ñí`m| H$mdU©Z Iy~ g§ V Ed§ g§píbï> T>§J go {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& H$ht ^r {dñVma AWdm {ddaUmË_H$ {dembVm H$mà_mU Zht {X`m Ÿ& `hm± VH$ {H$ ñ_¥{V _| H$^r grVm AmVr h¡, H$^r _mVm Am¡a XmoZm| _| ~hþV g§{jádU©Z {X`m h¡ Ÿ& CZHo$ dU©Z H$m¡eb H$m CXmhaU _mÌ h¡ Ÿ&

ZmX gm¡ÝX © H$s Ñ{ï> go `h AË §V _hËdnyU© aMZm h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> CXmhaUm| go ñnï> hmoJr -

""amdU àhma Xwdm©a - {dH$b dmZa Xb-~b-

_y{N>©V - gwJ«rdm§JX - ^rfU Jdmj - JU -Zb

dm{aV - gm¡{_Ì - ^ëbn{V - AJ[UV -_ëb - amoY

J{O©V - àb`mpãY - jwãY - hZw_mZ - Ho$db -à~moY''

BZ n§{º$`m| _| amdU H$m àhma, hZw_mZ H$m JO©Z O¡gr rfU pñW{V`m| _| "b', "Y' Üd{Z wº$ eãX

42

~ma-~ma AmH$a pñW{V H$mo àmUd§V H$a XoVr h¢ Ÿ& Cgr àH$ma EH$ _m{_©H$ àg§J AdVaU H$aVo h¢ :

Z`Zm| H$m Z`Zm| go JmonZ {à` g§ mfU

nbH$m| H$m Zd nbH$m| na àW_moËWmZ - nVZ

`hm± H${d Zo "Z' Am¡a "n' O¡gr H$mo_b Üd{Z`m| wº$ eãXm| H$m ~ma-~ma à`moJ H$a grVm-am_{_bZ àg§J H$m _mYw © Ord§V {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Cgr Vah Xodr Ho$ CX` Am¡a CgHo$ daàXmZ àg§J H$s J§ raVm{ZZm{XV hmo ahr h¡ -

""gmYw gmYw gmYH$ Yra Y_© -YZ YÝ` am_''

Bg CƒmaU _| Üd{Z H$m Jm§ r © Am¡a CgH$s Cƒm§JVm ghO ê$n _| bjUr` h¡ Ÿ& Bg g§X^© _|`hm± AmoOnyU© dUm] H$s Amd¥{Îm BgHo$ ñVa H$mo Am¡a r D±$Mo H$a XoVr h¡ Ÿ& dmñVd _| H$mì` mfm Ho$ ê$n_| qhXr {Zambm H$mo nmH$a Agr_ Jm¡admpÝdV hþB© h¡ Ÿ& g_mgm§V nXmdbr BgH$m _w»` JwU h¡ Ÿ&H$mX§~ar(~m_) H$s Vah {Zambm Zo g_mgm| H$s Eogr P‹S>r bJmB© Omo AÝ`Ì Xwb© h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE ewê$_| hr "Vrúj -ea -{dY¥V - {jà - H$a -doJ -àIa ; eVeobg§~aUerb, ghZerb Z^ J{O©Vñda, amjg -{déÕ àË yh, amdU-O`-^`, [anw Xå` -lm§V, n¥Ïdr -VZ`m - Hw$_m[aH$m -N>{d'' Ÿ&Am¡a {Zambm Zo nyar H${dVm _| BgH$m gj_Vm go {Zdm©h {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

nma§n[aH$ Ab§H$mam| H$s H$moB© H$_r Zht Ÿ& BZ_| gmÑe _ybH$ Am¡a {damoY_ybH$ C^` h¢ Ÿ& am_H$s nrR>, ~mhþ Am¡a dj na A§YH$ma Ho$ {bE H$hm h¡ -

CVam Á`m| XwJ©_ nd©V na Z¡emÝYH$ma''

Cgr àH$ma Ab§H$mam| _| "MÝÐ_wI qZ{XV am_MÝÐ' EH$ Am¡a {ZfoY ê$n _| "OJVm MaU àm§Vna qghdh, Zht qgYw' , ñ_¥{V H$m ~ma-~ma Cn`moJ H$WmZH$ H$mo _mo‹S> XoZo Ho$ {bE {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&Cg_| ZmQ>H$s` pñW{V CËnÞ H$a H$mì` H$mo {dñ_` _| â XoVr h¡ H${d H$s `h H$ënZm Ÿ&

{~å~ {dYmZ _| H${d Zo Z o go Z o {~å~ aIH$a qhXr H$mì` H$mo D±$MmB© Xr h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| XwJm© H$m me{º$ H$m Mmjwf ê$n àñVwV {H$`m Ÿ& am_ Ho$ A§Va Ho$ mdm| H$mo ì`º$ H$aVm gmJa JO©Z H$m {~å~ h¡ Ÿ&hZw_mZ H$m _hmH$me J_Z H$m {~å~ Am¡a {\$a bKwê$n !

Bg H${dVm _| âb¡e~¡H$ H$m à`moJ H$a am_ H$mo AnZr H${R>Z pñW{V _| H$moB© _mJ© Ty>±T>Zo H$mAmYma {_b OmVm h¡ Ÿ& am_ AVrV _| OmVo h¢ Ÿ& dhm± go àoaUm nm H$a dV©_mZ _| Am H$a I‹S>o hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&`hm± go ^{dî` H$s Amoa AmemnyU© Ñ{ï> go XoIVo h¢ Ÿ& OrdZ H$s gH$mamË_H$ Ñ{ï> hr Bg `mÌm H$mn[aUm_ h¡ Ÿ& am_ H$mo gwZmB© n‹S>Vm h¡ "hmoJr O`... hmoJr O`' gmar {df_ pñW{V _| ^r am_ H$mo `hAË §V _hËdnyU© pñW{V _| bo OmVr h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm H$m h à`mg maVr` H$mì` OJV _| _rb H$m nËWa

43

~Z OmVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo H$mb -ñWmZ Am¡a nmÌ VrZm| H$mo EH$ b` _| ~m§Y {X`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg Ñ{ï> go "am_ H$se{º$ nyOm' H$m H$mì`mË_H$ _hËd AVwbZr` h¡ Ÿ& {_WH$ H$mo boH$a BVZm ì`mnH$ H$mì` à`moJ H$a{Zambm dmñVd _| {Zambo à_m{UV hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& h 1936 _| {bIr H¥${V AmZo dmbo {_WH$s` H$mì`mË_H$ñdê$n Am¡a H$mì` Ñ{ï> Ho$ {bE AmYma H$m H$m_ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ&

1.3.9. Hw$N> eãXm| H$m AW© g§Ho$V :Hw$N> eãXm| H$m AW© g§Ho$V :Hw$N> eãXm| H$m AW© g§Ho$V :Hw$N> eãXm| H$m AW© g§Ho$V :Hw$N> eãXm| H$m AW© g§Ho$V :

VrúU - ea- {dY¥V = VoO dmUm| go q~Ym hþAm Ÿ& {jà-H$a = VoO {H$aU| & eVe¡b g§daUerb= g¡H$‹S>m| nd©Vm| Ho$ g_mZ ñd^md H$m & àË yh = {d¿Z & bmo{hV bmoMZ = bmb Am±I & {dÕm§J =~§Yo A§J & CX²Jr[aV = §H$a ê$n _| ~mha AmZm & gËda - erK« & [anw-Xå`-lm§V = eÌw X_Z _|WH$m Zht & XwamH«$m§V = {Ogo hamZm Ag§ d & {dXoh = {_{Wbmnwar & _hm{Zb` = {damQ> ñWb & AVb= Jhao & XeñH$ÝY - ny{OV = amdU H$s AmamYZm H$s JB© & brbmghMa = brbm _| gh`moJr & OmZH$s- àmU = lram_ & B§Xrda = EH$ àH$ma H$m H$_b & _m`mdaU = _m`m H$m AmdaU & ^mñda =XoXrß`_mZ

1.3.10. Aä`mg Aä`mg Aä`mg Aä`mg Aä`mg àíZ :àíZ :àíZ :àíZ :àíZ :

XrK© CÎma _ybH$XrK© CÎma _ybH$XrK© CÎma _ybH$XrK© CÎma _ybH$XrK© CÎma _ybH$ :::::

i) "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$s H$mì` {dYm na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

2) "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' H$m {_WH$s` H$mì` ê$n _| _hËd ñnï> H$s{OE

3) "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' Ho$ H$mì` g¡ÝX © na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

4)"am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' Ho$ àVrH$mW© na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

bKyÎmar àíZbKyÎmar àíZbKyÎmar àíZbKyÎmar àíZbKyÎmar àíZ :::::

i) am_ H$mo XoI hZw_mZ H$s à{V{H«$`m na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

ii) am_ H$s qMVm na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

iii) am_-amdU wÕ Ho$ g_` am_ Š`m| hVme hmo CR>o ?

iv) g_mg e¡br H$s H${dVm H$s {deofVm ~VmBE Ÿ&

v) {Zambm H$s mfm H$s {deofVm ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

44

A{V bKyÎmar àíZ A{V bKyÎmar àíZ A{V bKyÎmar àíZ A{V bKyÎmar àíZ A{V bKyÎmar àíZ :::::

H$) hZw_mZ H$s _mVm H$m Zm_ Š`m Wm ?

I) _hmH$me _| {H$gH$m {Zdmg ~Vm`m ?

J) H$m¡eë`m am_ H$mo {H$g Zm_ go nwH$maVr Wr ?

K) B§ÐZrb nwîn H$hm± go bmZo JE Wo ?

L>) A§V _| Xodr Š`m H$h brZ hmoVr h¢ ?

M) "^m{dV Z`Zm| go gOb {Jao' {H$g Ho$ Z`Zm| go {Jao ?

N>) "g§~amo Xo{I {ZO {ZO, Zht dmZa `h' {H$gZo H$hm ?

O) "EH$mXe éÐ' `h {H$gHo$ {bE H$hm J`m h¡ ?

P) "`h Zht ahm Za-dmZa H$m amjg go aU' {H$gZo H$hm ?

Äm) "h±g CR>m bo JB© nyOm H$m {à` B§Xrda' {H$gZo CR>m {b`m ?

ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` Hw$N> A§e : ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` Hw$N> A§e : ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` Hw$N> A§e : ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` Hw$N> A§e : ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` Hw$N> A§e :

A) CVam Á`m| XwJ©_ nd©V na ..... H$aZo Ho$ {bE, {\$a dmZa -Xb Aml` ñWb Ÿ&

Am) " o Alw am_ Ho$' AmVo hr _Z _| {dMma .....

{Xp½dO` -AW© à{Vnb g_W© ~‹T>Vm g_j Ÿ&

B) `h Zht ahm Za-dmZa H$m amjg go aU .....

hmo JE Z`Z Hw$N> ~y§X nwZ: T>bHo$ ÑJOb Ÿ&

B©) Vw_ damo {dO` g§ V àmUm| go àmUm| na, .....

e{º$ H$s H$amo _m¡{bH$ H$ënZm, H$amo nyOZ Ÿ&

C) "gmYw gmYw gmYH$ dra, Y_©-YZ YÝ` am_ Ÿ&.....

_§X pñ_V_wI bI hþB© {díd H$s lr b{‚mV Ÿ&

45

am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm : (_yb nmR>)am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm : (_yb nmR>)am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm : (_yb nmR>)am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm : (_yb nmR>)am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm : (_yb nmR>)

a{d hþAm AñV : Á`mo{V Ho$ nÌ na {bIm A_aah J`m am_-amdU H$m AnamOo g_aAmO H$m, VrúU-ea-{dY¥V- {jà-H$a doJ àIaeVeobgådaUerb, ZrbZ^-J{‚m©V-ñdaà{Vnb-n[ad{V©V-ì yh, - oX-H$m¡eb-g_yh-amjg-{déÕ àË yh, -H«w$Õ-H${n-{df_-hÿh,{dÀNw>[aVd{•- amOrdZ`Z - hV-bú`-~mU,bmo{hVbmoMZ -amdU-_X_moMZ -_hr`mZamKd-amKd-amdU-dmaU -JV - w½_-àhaCÕV-b§H$mn{V -_{Ô©V-H${n-Xb-~b-{dñVmaA{Z_of-am_-{díd{O{Ôì`-ea- §J-^md-{dÕm§J-~Õ-H$moXÊS>-_w{ï>-Ia-é{Ya-òmd,amdU-àhma-Xwdm©a - {dH$b-dmZa-Xb-~b-_ypÀN>©V-gwJ«rdm§JX-^rfU-Jdmj -J`-Zb,dm[aV -gm¡{_Ì -^ëbn{V-AJ{UV-_ëb-amoY,J{‚m©V -àb`mpãY-jwãY - hZw_V²-Ho$db-à~moY,CX²Jr[aV-d{•-^r_-nd©V-H${n-MVw: àhaOmZH$s-^ré-Ca-Amemâ-amdU-gådambm¡Q>o wJ- Xb Ÿ& amjg -nXVb n¥Ïdr Q>b_b,q~Y _hmoëbmg go ~ma-~ma AmH$me {dH$b Ÿ&dmZa-dm{hZr {IÞ bI {ZO-n{V-MaU-{M•Mb ahr {e{da H$s Amoa ñWmda-Xb Á`m| {d{^Þ; n«e{_V h¡ dmVmdaU; Z{_V-_wI gm§Ü` H$_bbjU {MÝVm-nb, nrN>o dmZa-dra gH$b;aKwZm`H$ AmJo AdZr na ZdZrV-MaU,

46

Ñ‹T> OQ>m-_wHw$Q> hmo {dn ©ñV à{VbQ> go Iwb\¡$bm n¥ð>>> na ~mhþAm| na dj na {dnwbCVam Á`m| XwJ©_ nd©V na Z¡emÝYH$ma,M_H$Vr Xya VmamE± Á`m| hm| H$ht nma Ÿ&Am o g~ {e{da gmZw na nd©V Ho$ _ÝWagwJ«rd, {d^rfU, Omå~dmZ Am{XH$ dmZagoZmn{V Xb-{deof Ho$, A§JX hZy_mZZb,Zrb, Jdmj àmV Ho$ aU H$m g_mYmZH$aZo Ho$ {bE, \o$a dmZa-Xb Aml`-ñWb Ÿ&~¡R>o aKw-Hw$b-_{U ídoV {ebm na ; {Z_©b Obbo Am o H$a -nX-àjmbZmW© nQw> hZy_mZ;AÝ` dra ga Ho$ J o Vra g§Ü`m-{dYmZ-dÝXZm B©e H$s H$aZo H$mo, bm¡Qo> gËMa,g~ Koa am_ H$mo ~¡R>o Amkm H$mo VËna Ÿ&nrN>o bú_U, gm_Zo {d^rfU, ëbYra,gwJ«rd, àmÝV na nmX-nÙ Ho$ _hmdra,yWn{V AÝ` Omo, WmñWmZ hmo {Z{_©_of

XoIVo am_ H$m {OV-gamoO-_wI-í`m_-Xoe Ÿ&* * *h¡ A{dZme; CJbVm JJZ KZ AÝYH$ma;Imo ahm {Xem H$m kmZ; ñVãY h¡ ndZ-Mma;Aà{VhV JaO ahm nrN>o Aå~w{Y {demb;

yYa Á`m| Ü`mZ-_½Z; Ho$db ObVr _emb Ÿ&pñWa amKd|Ð H$mo {hbm ahm {\$a-{\$a g§e`,ah-ah CR>Vm OJ OrdZ _| amdU -O`-^`;Omo Zht hþAm AmO VH$ öX` [anw-Xå`-lmÝV,EH$ ^r, A wV-bj _| ahm Omo XwamH$mÝV,H$b b‹S>Zo H$mo hmo ahm {dH$b dh ~ma-~maAg_W© _mZVm g_wÚV hmo hma -hma Ÿ&

47

Eogo jU AÝYH$ma KZ _| O¡go {dÚwVOmJr n¥Ïdr-VZ`m-Hw$_m[aH$m-N>{d, AÀ wVXoIVo hþE {ZînbH$, `mX Am`m CndZ{dXoh H$m-àW_ ñZoh H$m bVmÝVamb {_bZZ`Zm| H$m-Z`Zm| go JmonZ-{à` gå^mfU,nbH$m| H$m Zd nbH$m| na àW_moËWmZ -nVZ,H$m±nVo hþE {H$gb`-PaVo namJ -g_wX`,JmVo IJ-Zd-OrdZ-n[aM` -Vé _b`-~b`,Á`mo{V ànmV ñdJu` -kmV N>{d àW_ ñdrÒmZH$s-Z`Z-H$_Zr` -àW_ H$ånZ Vwar` Ÿ&{gham VZ, jU-â ybm _Z, bham g_ñV,ha YZw^ªJ H$mo nwZ~m©a Á`m| CR>m hñV,\y$Q>r pñ_{V grVm-Ü`mZ-brZ g_ Ho$ AYa{\$a {díd-{dO`-^mdZm öX` _| Am`r ado Am o `mX {Xì` ea AJ{UV _§ÌnyV-\$‹S>H$m na Z^ H$mo C‹S>o gH$b Á`m| XodXyV,XoIVo am_, Ob aho eb^ Á`m| aOZrMa,Vm‹S>H$m, gw~mhþ, {damY, {eaóU, XyfU, Ia ;{\$a XoIr ^r_m _y{V© AmO aU _| XoIr OmoAmÀN>m{XV {H$ o hþ o gå_wI g_J« Z^ H$mo,Á`mo{V_© Aó gH$b ~wP-~wPH$a hþE jrU,nm _hm{Zb` Cg VZ _| jU _| hþE brZ ;bI e§H$mHw$b hmo J o AVwb-~b eof-e`Z -qIMo J o ÑJm| _| grVm Ho$ am__` Z`Z ;{\$a gwZm -h±g ahm AQ²>Q>hmg amdU IbIb,^m{dV Z`Zm| go gOb go {Jao Xmo _wº$m-Xb Ÿ&

* * *

48

~¡R>o _mé{V XoIVo am_-MaUma{dÝXwJ ApñV-ZmpñV Ho$ EH$-ê$n, JwU-JU A{Z§Ú ;

gmYZm -_Ü` r gmå`-~m_-H$a X{jU-nX,X{jU-H$a-Vb na dm_ MaU, H${nda JX²JXnm gË`, g{ƒXmZÝXê$n, {dlm_ -Ym_,OnVo g^{º$ AOnm {d^º$ hmo am_-Zm_ Ÿ&* * *wJ MaUm| na Am n‹S>o AñVw do Alw wJb,

XoIm H${n Zo, M_Ho$ Z^ _| Á`m§o VmamXb ;o Zht MaU am_ Ho$, ~Zo í`m_m Ho$ ew -

gmohV _Ü` _| hmoH$a wJ `m Xmo H$m¡ñVw ;Qy>Q>m dh Vma Ü`mZ H$m, pñWa _Z hþAm {dH$b,gpÝX½Y ^md H$s CR>r Ñ{ï>, XoIm A{dH$b~¡R>o do dht H$_b-bmoMZ, na gOb Z`Z,ì`mHw$b-ì`mHw$b Hw$N> {Ma-à\w$ëb -_wI, {ZíMoVZ Ÿ&o Alw am_ Ho$ AmVo hr _Z _| {dMma

CÛob hmo CR>m e{º$- Iob- gmJa Anmahmo íd{gV ndZ -CZMmg, {nVm-nj go Vw_wb,EH$Ì dj na ~hm dmîn H$mo C‹S>m AVwb,eV KyUm©dV© Va§J -^§J CR>Vo nhm‹S>,Ob am{e - am{e Ob na M‹T>Vm ImVm nN>m‹S>Vmo‹S>Vm ~ÝY -à{VgÝY Yam, hmo ñ\$sV-dj{Xp½dO`-AW© à{Vnb g_W© ~‹T>Vm g_j Ÿ&eV-dm w-doJ-~b, Sw>~m AVb _| Xoe-^md,Obam{e {dnwb _W {_bm A{Zb _| _hmamddO«m§J VoOKZ ~Zm ndZ H$mo, _hmH$menh±þMm EH$mXeéÐ jwãY H$a AQ²>Q>hmg Ÿ&amdU-_{h_m í`m_m {d^mdar -AÝYH$ma`h éÐ am_-nyOZ- àVmn VoO àgma ;

49

Cg Amoa e{º$ {ed H$s Omo XeH$ÝY-ny{OV,Bg Amoa éÐ-dÝXZ Omo aKwZÝXZ-Hy${OV ;H$aZo H$mo J«ñV g_ñV ì`mo_ H${n ~‹T>m AQ>b,bI _hmZme {ed AMb hþE jU-â M§Mb,í`m_m Ho$ nXVb ^maYaU ha _ÝÐñda~mobo-gå~amo Xo{d, {ZO VoO, Zht dmZa`h -Zht hþAm ûm¥§Jma - w½_ -JV, _hmdra,AM©Zm am_ H$s _y{V©_mZ Aj`-eara{Ma-~«÷M © -aV, o EH$mXe éÐ YÝ`,_`m©Xm-nwéfmoÎm_ Ho$ gdm}Îm_, AZÝ`brbmghMa {Xì`^mdYa BZ na àhmaH$aZo na hmoJr Xo{d, Vwåhmar {df_ hma ;{dÚm H$m bo Aml` Bg _Z H$mo Xmo à~moYPwH$ Om oJm H${n, {ZíM` hmoJm Xya amoY Ÿ&H$h hþE _m¡Z {ed ; ndZ-VZ` _| â {dñ_`ghgm Z^ _| A§OZm -ê$n H$m hþAm CX`,~mobr _mVm -"Vw_Zo a{d H$mo O~ {b`m {ZJbV~ Zht Wm ~moY Vwåh|, aho ~mbH$ Ho$db ;`h dhr ^md H$a ahm Vwåh| ì`mHw$b ah-ah,`h _hmH$me, h¡ Ohm± dmg {ed H$m {Z_©b -nyOVo {OÝh| lram_, Cgo J«gZo H$mo MbŠ`m Zht H$a aho Vw_ AZW© ? -gmoMmo _Z _| ;Š`m Xr Amkm Eogr Hw$N> lraKwZÝXZ Zo ?Vw_ godH$ hmo, N>mo‹S>H$a Y_© H$a aho H$m ©-Š`m Agå^mì` hmo `h amKd Ho$ {bE H$m © ?'H${n hþE -Z_«, jU _| _mVmN>{d hþB© brZ,CVao Yrao-Yrao Jh à^w-nX hþE XrZ Ÿ&

* * *

50

am_ H$m {dfÊUmZZ XoIVo hþE Hw$N> jU,"ho gIm', {d^rfU ~mobo, AmO àgÞ dXZdh Zht, XoIH$a {Ogo g_J« dra-dmZa-^ëbyH$ {dJV-l_ hmo nmVo OrdZ-{ZP©a ;aKwdra Vra g~ dhr VyU _| h¢ a{jV,h¡ dhr dj, aU-Hw$eb hñV, ~b dhr A{_V,h¢ dhr gw{_ÌmZÝXZ _oKZmX-{OV-aU,h¢ dhr ëbn{V, dmZaoÝÐ gwJ«r` à_Z,Vmam-Hw$_ma r dhr _hm~b ídoV YraAà{V^Q> dhr EH$-A~w©X-g_, _hmdrah¡ dhr Xj goZm-Zm`H$, h¡ dhr g_a,{\$a H¡$go Ag_` hþAm CX` `h ^md-àIa ?aKwHw$b Jm¡ad, bKw hþE Om aho Vw_ Bg jU,Vw_ \o$a aho hmo nrR> hmo ahm O~ O` aU !{H$VZm l_ hþAm ì`W©- Am`m O~ {_bZ g_`Vw_ ItM aho hmo hñV OmZH$s go {ZX© Ÿ&amdU, amdU, bånQ>, Ib, H$ë_f-JVmMma{OgHo$ {hV H$hVo {H$`m _wPo nmX-àhma~¡R>m CndZ _| XoJm XwI grVm H$mo {\$a -H$hVm aU H$s O`-H$Wm nm[afX-Xb go {Ka-gwZVm dgÝV _| CndZ _| H$b-Hy${OV {nH$_¢ ~Zm {H$ÝVw b§H$mn{V, {YH$, amKd, {YH²$-{YH²$ Ÿ&

* * *g~ g^m ahr {ZñVãY : am_ Ho$ {ñV{_V Z`ZN>mo‹S>Vo hþE, erVb àH$me XoIVo {d_Z,O¡go AmoOñdr eãXm| H$m Omo Wm à^mdCggo Z CÝh| Hw$N> Mmd, Z hmo H$moB© Xwamd,Á`m| hmo do eãX _mÌ- _¡Ìr H$s g_Zwa{º$,na Ohm± JhZ ^md Ho$ J«hU H$s Zht e{º$ Ÿ&

51

Hw$N> jU VH$ ahH$a _m¡Z ghO {ZO H$mo_b ñda~mobo aKw_{U -{_Ìda {dO` hmoJr Z g_a ;`h Zht ahm Za-dmZa H$m amjg go aU,CVat nm _hme{º$ amdU go Am_§ÌU ;AÝ`m` {OYa h¡ CYa e{º$ ! H$hVo N>b-N>bhmo J o Z`Z, Hw$N> ~y±X nwZ: T>bHo$ ÑJOb,éH$ J`m H$ÊR>, M_H$m bmo_e-VoO àMÊS>,Y±g J`m Yam _| H${n Jh wJ nX _gH$ XÊS>,pñWa Omå~dmZ - g_PVo hþE Á`m| g_b ^md,ì`mHw$b gwJ«rd-hþAm -Ca _| Á`m| {df_ Kmd,{ZpíMV-gm H$aVo hþE {d^rfU H$m ©-H«$_,_m¡Z _| ahm m| ñnpÝXV dmVmdaU {df_ Ÿ&

* * *{ZO ghO ê$n _| g§ V hmo OmZH$s -àmU~mobo -"Am`m Z g_P _| `h X¡dr {dYmZ ;amdU, AY_©aV ^r, AnZm, _¢ hþAm Ana -`h ahm e{º$ H$m Iob g_a e§H$a e§H$a !H$aVm _¢ mo{OV ~ma-~ma ea-{ZH$a {damQ>hmo gH$Vr {OZgo `h g§g¥{V gånyU© {d{OV,Omo VoO-nw§O, g¥{ï> H$s ajm H$m {dMmah¡ {OZ_| {Z{hV nVZKmVH$ g§g¥{V Anma-eV-ew{Õ-~moY -gyú_m{Vgyú_ _Z H$m {ddoH${OZ_| h¡ jmÌY_© H$m Y¥V nyUm©{^foH$,Omo hþE àOmn{V`m| Ho$ g§ _ go a{jV,do ea hmo J o AmO aU _| lrhV, I§{S>V !XoIm, h¡ _hme{º$ amdU H$mo {b o A§J,bm§N>Z H$mo bo O¡go eem§H$ Z^ _| Ae§H$,hV _§ÌnyV ea g§d¥V H$aVt ~ma-~ma,{Zî\$b hmoVo bú` na {jà dma na dma !

52

{dM{bV bI H${nXb, H«w$Õ wÕ H$mo _¢ Á`m|-Á`m|,PH$-PH$ PbH$Vr d{• dm_m Ho$ ÑJ Ë`m|-Ë`m|,níMmV² XoIZo bJt _wPo, ~§Y J o hñV,{\$a qIMm Z YZw, _wº$ Á`m| ~±Ym _¢ hþAm ÌñV Ÿ&H$h hþE mZwHw$b yfU dhm± _m¡Z jU-â,~mobo {dídñV H§$R> go Omå~dmZ -"aKwda{dM{bV hmoZo H$m Zht XoIVm _¢ H$maU,ho nwéf-qgh, Vw_ ^r `h e{º$ H$amo YmaU,AmamYZ H$m Ñ‹T> AmamYZ go Xmo CÎma,Vw_ H$amo {dO` g§ V àmUm| go àmUm| na ;amdU AewÕ hmoH$a ^r `{X H$a gH$m ÌñVVmo {ZíM` Vw_ hmo {gÕ H$amoJo Cgo ÜdñVe{º$ H$s H$amo _m¡{bH$ H$ënZm, H$amo nyOZ,N>mo‹S> Xmo g_a O~ VH$ Z {g{Õ hmo, aKwZÝXZ !V~ VH$ bú_U h¢ dm_ nmíd© _| hZy_mZ,Zb, Zrb Am¡a N>moQ>o H${nJU-CZHo$ àYmZ ;gwJ«rd, {d^rfU, AÝ` yWng{V Wmg_Àm`|Jo ajm hoVw Ohm± ^r hmoJm ^` Ÿ&'{Ib J`r g^m Ÿ& CÎm_ {ZíM` h, ëbZmW Ÿ&H$h {X`m d¥Õ H$mo _mZ am_ Zo PwH$m _mW Ÿ&hmo J o Ü`mZ _| brZ nwZ: H$aVo {dMmaXoIVo gH$b-VZ nwb{H$V hmoVm ~ma-~ma Ÿ&Hw$N> g_` AZÝVa BÝXrda {ZpÝXV bmoMZIwb J o, ahm {ZînbH$ ^md _| _{‚mV _Z Ÿ&~mobo AmdoJ-a{hV ñda go {dídmg -pñWV -"_mV:, Xe wOm, {díd-Á`mo{V:, _¢ h±ÿ Am{lV ;hmo {dÕ e{º$ go h¡ Ib _{hfmgwa _{X©V,OZa§OZ-MaU-H$_b-Vb, YÝ` qgh J{‚m©V Ÿ&`h, `h _oam àVrH$, _mV:, g_Pm B§{JV ;

53

_¢ qgh, Bgr ^md go H$é±Jm A{^ZpÝXV Ÿ&'Hw$N> g_` ñVãY hmo aho am_ N>{d _| {Z_½Z,{\$a Imobo nbH$ H$_b-Á`mo{VX©b Ü`mZ -b½Z ;h¢ XoI aho _§Ìr, goZmn{V, dramgZ~¡R>o C_‹S>Vo hþE, amKd H$m pñ_V AmZZ Ÿ&~mobo mdaW MÝÐ-_wI-{ZpÝXV am_MÝÐ,"XoImo, ~ÝYwda gm_Zo pñWV Omo `h yYaemo{^V eV-h[aV -Jwë_-V¥U go í`m_b gwÝXanmd©Vr H$ënZm h¡ BgH$s, _H$aÝX -{dÝXw ;JaOVm MaU-àmÝV na qgh dh, Zht {gÝYw ;Xe{XH$ - g_ñV h¢ hñV, Am¡a XoImo D$naAå~a _| hþE {XJå~a A{M©V e{e-eoIa ;bI _hm^md -_§Jb nXVb Y±g ahm Jd©-_mZd Ho$ _Z H$m Agwa _ÝX, hmo ahm Id©'{\$a _Ywa Ñ{ï> go {à` H${n H$mo ItMVo hþE~mobo {à`da ñda go AÝVa gtMVo hþE -"Mm{h o h_| EH$ gm¡ AmR>, H${n, BÝXrdaH$_-go-H$_ A{YH$ Am¡a hm|, A{YH$ Am¡a gwÝXaOmAmo XodrXh, Cf:H$mb hmoVo gËdaVmo‹S>mo, bmAmo do H$_b, bm¡Q>H$a b‹S>mo g_a Ÿ&'AdJV hmo Omå~dmZ go nW, XyaËd ñWmZ,à^w-nX-aO {ga Ya Mbo hf© â hZy_mZ Ÿ&amKd Zo {dXm {H$`m g~H$mo OmZH$a g_`,g~ Mbo gX` am_ H$s gmoMVo hþE {dO` Ÿ&

* * *{Z{e hþB© {dJV : Z^ Ho$ bbmQ> na àW_ {H$aU\y$Q>r, aKwZÝXZ Ho$ ÑJ _{h_m -Á`mo{V - {haU ;h¡ Zht eamgZ AmO hñV -VyUra -ñH$ÝY,dh Zht gmohVm {Z{d‹S>-OQ>m Ñ‹T> Hw$_wQ>-~ÝY ;gwZ n‹S>Vm qghZmX -aU H$mobmhb Anma

54

C_‹S>Vm Zht _Z, ñVãY gwYr h¢ Ü`mZ Yma ;nyOmonamÝV OnVo XwJm©, Xe wOm Zm_,_Z H$aVo hþE _ZZ Zm_m| Ho$ JwUJ«m_ ;~rVm dh {Xdg, hþAm _Z pñWa Bï> Ho$ MaU,JhZ-go JhZVa hmoZo bJm g_mamYZ Ÿ&H«$_-H«$_ go hþE nma amKd Ho$ n§M {Xdg,MH«$ go MH«$ _Z M‹T>Vm J`m D$Üd© {Zabg ;H$a-On nyam H$a EH$ M‹T>mVo BÝXrda,{ZO nwaíMaU Bg ^m±{V aho h¢ nyam H$a Ÿ&M‹T> fð> {Xdg Amkm na hþAm g_m{hV _Z,à{V On go qIM-qIM hmoZo bJm _hmH$f©U ;g§{MV {ÌHw$Q>r na Ü`mZ {ÛXb Xodr-nX na,On Ho$ ñda bJm H$m±nZo Wa-Wa Aå~a ;Xmo {XZ -{ZînX EH$ AmgZ na aho am_,A{n©V H$aVo BÝXrda, OnVo hþE Zm_ ;AmR>dm± {Xdg, _Z Ü`mZ- wº$ M‹T>Vm D$naH$a J`m A{VH«$_ ~«÷m -h[a-e§H$a H$m ñVahmo J`m {d{OV ~«÷m§S> nyU©, XodVm ñVãY,hmo J o X½Y OrdZ Ho$ Vn Ho$ g_maãY,ah J`m EH$ BÝXrdma, _Z XoIVm -nmaàm`: H$aZo H$mo hþAm XwJ© Omo ghñÌma,{Ûàha am{Ì, gmH$ma hþB© XwJm© {N>nmH$ah±g CR>m bo J`r nyOm H$m {à` BÝXrdma Ÿ&`h A§{V_ On, Ü`mZ _| XoIVo MaU wJbam_ Zo ~‹T>m`m H$a boZo H$mo Zrb H$_b,Hw$N> bJm Z hmW hþAm ghgm pñWa M§MbÜ`mZ H$s y{_ go CVao, Imobo nbH$ {d_b,XoIm, dh [aº$ ñWmZ, `h On H$m nyU© g_ÀmgZ N>mo‹S>Zm A{g{Õ â J o Z`ZÛ` : -

55

"{YH$ gmYZ, {OgHo$ {bE gXm hr {H$`m emoY Ÿ&OmZH$s ! hm`, CÕma {à`m H$m hmo Z gH$m Ÿ&'`h EH$ Am¡a _Z ahm am_ H$m Omo Z WH$m ;Omo Zht OmZVm X¡Ý`, Zht OmZVm {dZ`H$a J`m oX dh _m`mdaU àmá H$a O`,~w{Õ Ho$ XwJ© nh±þMm, {dÚwV -J{V hVqMVZam_ _| OJr ñ_¥{V, hþE gOJ nm ^md à_Z Ÿ&"`h h¡ Cnm`' H$h CR>o am_ Á`m| _pÝÐV KZ-"H$hVr Wt _mVm _wPo gXm amOrdZ`Z !Xmo Zrb H$_b h¢ eof A^r, `h nwaíMaUnyam H$aVm h±ÿ XoH$a _mV: EH$ Z`Z Ÿ&'H$hH$a XoIm VyUra ~«÷ea ahm PbH$,bo {b`m hñV, bH$-bH$ H$aVm dh _hm\$bH$ ;bo Aó dm_ H$a, X{jU H$a X{jU bmoMZbo A{n©V H$aZo CÚV hmo Jò gw_Z Ÿ&{Og jU ~±Y J`m ~oYZo H$mo ÑJ Ñ‹T> {ZíM`,H$m±nm ~«÷m§S>, hþAm Xodr H$m Ëd[aV CX` : -

* * *"gmYw-gmYw , gmYH$ Yra Y_©-YZ YÝ` am_ !H$h {b`m ^JdVr Zo amKd H$m hñV Wm_ Ÿ&XoIm am_ Zo-gm_Zo lr XwJm©, mñdadm_ nX Agwa-ñH$ÝY na, ahm X{jU h[a na,Á`mo{V_© ê$n, hñV Xe {d{dY Aó-g{‚mV,_ÝX pñ_V _wI, bI hþB© {díd H$s lr b{‚mV,h¢ X{jU JUoe, H$m{V©H$ ~m± o aU-a§J amJ,_ñVH$ na e§H$am nXnÙm| na lÕmâlr amKd hþE àUV _ÝXñda dÝXZ H$a Ÿ&"hmoJr O`, hmoJr O`, ho nwéfmoÎm_ ZdrZ !H$h _hme{º$ am_ Ho$ ~XZ _| hþB© brZ Ÿ&

***

56

"VwbgrXmg'"VwbgrXmg'"VwbgrXmg'"VwbgrXmg'"VwbgrXmg'

1.4. VwbgrXmg :VwbgrXmg :VwbgrXmg :VwbgrXmg :VwbgrXmg :

{Zambm Ho$ gm{hË` _| amï´>r` àoaUm H$m CËg AJa "am_ H$s e{º$ nyOm' h¡ Vmo ñdm{^_mZ H$m H|$Ð"VwbgrXmg' _| h¡ Ÿ& N>m`mdmXr wJ _| h H${dVm AnZo {deof Voda Ho$ H$maU H$m\$s _hËd aIVr h¡ Ÿ&{Zambm amï´> H$s namYrZVm (CZHo$ g_` _| A§J«oOr amO) go ÌñV h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw B{Vhmg _| _wgb_mZr emgZ^r namYrZVm H$s H$éU XmñVmZ h¡ Ÿ& EH$ -EH$ H$a gmao BbmHo$ namYrZ hmo OmVo h¢ Ÿ& Bñbm_r emgZ Ho$ZrMo CÎma-X{jU, nya~-npíM_ Am¡a {\$a H|$Ð ha Va\$ Ìm{h-Ìm{h _M OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Eogo _| H${d Zo EH$bmoH$Zm`H$ H$mo Vbmem h¡ Ÿ& dh namYrZ maV Ho$ g_` ñdm{^_mZ H$m e§IZmX H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ {bEVwbgrXmg go ~‹T> H$a AmXe©, ^ì` Am¡a geº$ Zm`H$ Zht {_bVm Ÿ& CÝht H$mo g_{n©V h¡ `h b§~rH${dVm Ÿ& h à{gÕ Am»`mZmË_H$ H${dVm h¡ Ÿ&

1.4.1 H$WmZH$ : H$WmZH$ : H$WmZH$ : H$WmZH$ : H$WmZH$ :

g{X`m| H$s ñdmYrZVm H$m gy © H«$_e: AñV hmoZo bJm Ÿ& H$moeb -{~hma _| namYrZVm N>m JB© Ÿ&BgHo$ ~mX ~§wXobI§S>, H$mqbOa, amOnyVr BbmH$m namYrZ hþAm Ÿ& Hw$b {_bm H$a {Xëbr Am¡a `_wZmHo$ VQ> Ho$ àXoe g_¥{Õ bha _| h¢ Ÿ& CZ na Hw$Ñ{ï> n‹S>r Ÿ& Eogo Xw{X©Z _| VwbgrXmg H$m {MÌHy$Q> {J[a naAm{d^m©d hþAm Ÿ& do g_mO H$s X{bV Xem XoIVo h¢ Ÿ& wdmdñWm H$m Jham à^md h¡ Ÿ& na amï´> _| g^rdU© Qy>Q> MwHo$ h¢ Ÿ& CZHo$ Xm{`Ëdm| H$m do {Zdm©h Zht H$aVo Ÿ& g_mO namYrZVm _| n‹S> H$a ~§Y J`m h¡ Ÿ&

Xoe _| XrZm| H$s Xem Vmo AË §V H$éU h¡ Ÿ& namYrZVm _| Am¡a r H${R>Z pñW{V h¡ Ÿ& Eogr H${R>ZhmbV _| àmUg§{JZr aËZmdbr {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& dh gmW {Z^mZo Am`r h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| H${d YÝ` hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ&H${d hZw_VYmam na Am OmVo h¢ Ÿ& dhm± do OmZH$s Hw§$S>, ñ\${Q>H${ebm, AZwgy m Aml_, âVHy$nAm{X Ho$ Xe©Z H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& aËZmdbr ~§Y OmVr h¡ Ÿ& EH$ {XZ dh nrha OmZo H$mo VËna hmo CR>r Ÿ& naVwbgr oOZo _| VËna Zht Ÿ& mB© boZo AmVm h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr H$s AZwnpñW{V _| MbZo H$s ~mV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&Mbr OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr bm¡Q> H$a Ka gyZm XoIVo h¢ Ÿ&

do ggwamb OmVo h¢ Ÿ& aËZmdbr Ho$ Ka na nhbo ñdmJV hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& ~mX _| ì §J go A§J-A§J ObJ`m Ÿ& A~ aËZmdbr CÝh| AZmhÿV Am`m XoI {dM{bV hmo CR>Vr h¡ Ÿ& e{_©ÝXJr _hgyg H$aVr h¡ Ÿ&

57

H$Qw>dMZ H$h {VañH$ma H$a XoVr h¡ Ÿ& V~ emaXm Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& AmO _mZmo ~§X H$br Iwb JB© h¡ Ÿ&do gMoV hmo CR>Vo h¢ Ÿ& bJVm h¡ H$moB© H$h ahm h¡ -

""OmJmo OmJmo Am`m à^mV

~rVr dh ~rVr A§Y amV Ÿ&''

Xoe H$m C‚db ^{dî` à{V^mV hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d Xoe Am¡a H$mb Ho$ ea _| q~Y H$a OmJ CR>Vmh¡ Ÿ& H${d AnZr H$éUm XoH$a {díd H$mo XoXrß`_mZ H$aZo gMoV hmo C§Vm h¡ Ÿ& gm_Zo dh _y{V© CâVr h¡ Ÿ&dh Cggo àH$me bo H$a AmJo ~‹T>Zo H$m g§H$ën Vmo boVm h¡ Ÿ& öX` _| dh gwYma _y{V© YmaU H$a boVmh¡ Ÿ& ~mha AmJo ~‹T>Zo {ZH$b AmVm h¡ Ÿ&

1.4.2 H$mì` Ñ{ï> : H$mì` Ñ{ï> : H$mì` Ñ{ï> : H$mì` Ñ{ï> : H$mì` Ñ{ï> :

{Zambm Zo VwbgrXmg Ho$ ZmQ>H$s` CËH$f© Ho$ {bE aËZmdbr Ho$ AË §V gYo hþE H$WZ aIo h¢ Ÿ&VwbgrXmg O¡go ì`{º$Ëd H$m C^ma Xoe H$s XwX©em Ho$ ~rM {XImVo h¢ Ÿ& AV: joÌdmar namYrZVm,OrdZ Ho$ {bE _yë`m| H$s namYrZVm Am{X pñW{V`m| go g§Ho$V {H$ o h¢ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma {Zambm Zo à~§Y -H$m¡eb H$m n[aM` {X`m h¡ Ÿ& g§ñH¥${V Ho$ à{V CXmgrZVm H$m g§Ho$V XoH$a Zmar H$s Cg_| _hVr y{_H$mH$m CëboI {H$`m Ÿ& {ddmh H$m gm§ñH¥${VH$ _hËd ñnîQ> H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& V^r OrdZ H$mo D$Üd©J{V àmáhmoVr h¡ Ÿ&

^mfm H$s Ñ{ï> go {Zambm Zo b§~r H${dVmAm| _| g§ñH¥$V -{Zð> g_ñV e¡br H$mo AnZm`m Ÿ&hmbm§{H$ nhbo H$s b§~r H${dVmAm| H$s Vah b§~o-b§~o g_ñV nXm| H$m à`moJ Zht {H$`m Ÿ& {\$a r mfm_| H${d Zo n[a{Z{ð>V e¡br H$m hr à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

{Zambm H$s Bg aMZm _| OrdZ Ho$ {bE EH$ {deof {Xem Am¡a Ñ{ï> h¡ Ÿ& m¡{VH$dmX Ed§ moJdmXH$m OrdZ _| _hËd BVZm ~‹T> J`m {H$ ~mH$s Ho$ _yë` {Vamo{hV hmo OmVo h¢ Ÿ& nËZr H$m gmW Ho$db^m¡{VH$ hr Zht hmoVm Ÿ& {Zambm Bgo Cƒ ñVa na CR>mZo hoVw aËZmdbr H$m e{º$nyU© à`moJ H$a aho h¢ Ÿ&^m¡{VH$dmXr gwI Ed§ dmgZm go CR>H$a g¥OZmË_H$ Am¡a aMZmË_H$ gh^m{JZr Ho$ ê$n _| Á`mXm_hËdnyU© h¡ Ÿ& g_mO H$o$ ZdJR>Z H$mo h Ñ{ï> Á`mXm ~b àXmZ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& hm± na d¡ {º$H$ VZmd H$mOmo ê$n "VwbgrXmg' _| àñVwV {H$`m, N>m`mdmX _| H${d H$s d¡ {º$H$ mdZm H$m àVrH$mË_H$ ê$n ñnï>hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& `h A§VÛ©ÝX n[adma Am¡a ì`{º$ Ho$ Ama§^ _| AË`§V _hËdnyU© hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bgr_| Cgo {Xem{_bVr h¡ Ÿ& AnZr _mZ{gH$ g§H$sU©Vm go CâZo H$m H$m_ aËZmdbr O¡go nmÌ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&{Zambm g_mO gMoVZ H${d h¢ Ÿ& gmW-gmW H${d H$mo gm_m{OH$ Xm{`Ëd go hr Zht ~m§Ym, CgH$s

58

à{V~ÕVm ^r gw{ZpíMV H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm H$m `h AmË_mÝdofU CÝh| AmÝV[aH$ A§VÛ©ÝX go ~mha{ZH$mbVm h¡ Ÿ& AmË_gmjmËH$ma Ho$ ñVa na bo H$a CÝh| J{V H$aZo H$s MoîQ>m Xo ahm h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm H$s hAmË_monbpãY H$s à{H«$`m AZyR>r h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo "VwbgrXmg' Ho$ _mÜ`_ go namYrZ maV _| m¡{VH$dmXgo AmJo ~‹T>H$a gm_m{OH$ à{V~ÕVm H$s, g¥OZerb ì`{º$ H$s ~mV H$hr h¡ Ÿ& H${d H$s h {dH$mgerbYmam h¡ Ÿ&

Bg b§~r (bJ^J 100 N>§Xm| _|) Am»`mZmË_H$ H${dVm _| H${d Zo A{^Zd à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&B{Vd¥ÎmmË_H$ na§nam go hQ> H$a H${d Zo B{Vhmg H$m gm§Ho${VH$ à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& "EH$ Wm amOm' dmbre¡br _| H$ht H${dVm H$m àdmh Zht {_bVm Ÿ& VwbgrXmg H$m `h àg§J n[a{MV hmoVo hþE ^r H${d ZoBg_| A{^Zd mdÑ{ï> g§píbï> H$a AÚVZ ~Zm`m h¡ Ÿ& {Zambm H$m h à`moJ AmJo Mb H$a H$WmZH$m|Ho$ _mÜ`_ go g_H$mbrZ gmW©H$Vm H$m dmhH$ ~ZVm h¡ Ÿ& AZoH$ àg§J boH$a H${d Zo gm_m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ -amOZ¡{VH$ pñW{V`m| na H$mì`mË_H$ Ñ{ï> go {dMma {H$`m Ÿ& àg§JmZwHy$b ^mfm Ho$ VodaJ«hU Ho$ H$maU dh H${dVm {deof _hËd H$s ~Z OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

1.4.3. Hw$N> H${R>Z eãX : Hw$N> H${R>Z eãX : Hw$N> H${R>Z eãX : Hw$N> H${R>Z eãX : Hw$N> H${R>Z eãX :

e\$ar = AbH|$ Ÿ& n¥Ww = ~‹S>m & {Zé{_Vm = {OgH$s Cn_m Zht & AMnb = pñWa & A_bm= ewÕ & {~Zm Xm_ = {~Zm _yë` & AZb -à{V_m = AmJ H$s _y{V© & aeZm = Or^ & gwdm{XV -ñda = gwÝXa ~Om`m ñda & Yy_m`_mZ = Yw§dm H$s Vah KwgVm & kmZmbmo{MV = kmZgo Iwbo & àmUme`= àmUm| H$m {R>H$mZm & emoY = Om§M & Á`mo{V_© = àH$menyU© & XwY©f© = amV {XZ & {ZíMoVZ =AMoV & AYwZm = A~ & e¡edH$me = V{ZH$ AdH$me & {\$a H$a = _w‹S> H$a & gwYma = gwÝXa &àmMr {XJÝV -Ca _| nwî\$b -a{d-aoIm = àmMr _| ânya gy © {H$aU

1.4.4. Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :

ì`m»`m Ho$ A§e :ì`m»`m Ho$ A§e :ì`m»`m Ho$ A§e :ì`m»`m Ho$ A§e :ì`m»`m Ho$ A§e :

1. {~Iar Ny>Q>r e\$ar ...... Ü`mZ _½Z Ÿ&

2. XoIm emaXm Zrb-dgZm ...... {Og na lr Ÿ&

3. hmoJm {\$a go g_a ...... _m`m H$a Ÿ&

4. Xoe-H$mb Ho$ ea go q~Y H$a ...... am{JZr gH$b gmoE±Jr Ÿ&

5. OmJr {dídml_ _{h_mYa ...... nwîH$b a{d aoIm Ÿ&

59

AmbmoMZmË_H$ àíZ AmbmoMZmË_H$ àíZ AmbmoMZmË_H$ àíZ AmbmoMZmË_H$ àíZ AmbmoMZmË_H$ àíZ :

1. "VwbgrXmg' H${dVm H$m H$Ï` AnZo eãXm| _| Xr{OE Ÿ&

2. "VwbgrXmg' H${dVm H$s b§~r H${dVm Ho$ ê$n _| g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&

3. "VwbgrXmg' Ho$ H$mì` gm¡ð>d na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

4. "VwbgrXmg' H$s ^mfm Am¡a N>§X na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

5. "VwbgrXmg' _| d{U©V AmË_Û§X na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ : g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ : g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ : g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ : g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :

i) aËZmdbr Ho$ ^mdm| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

ii) VwbgrXmg H$s à{V{H«$`m H$m {MÌU AnZo eãXm| _| H$s{OE Ÿ&

iii) VwbgrXmg Š`m {ZíM` H$a boVo h¢ ?

iv) aËZmdbr H$m dU©Z H${d Zo {H$g àH$ma {H$`m ?

A{VbKyÎmar àíZ : A{VbKyÎmar àíZ : A{VbKyÎmar àíZ : A{VbKyÎmar àíZ : A{VbKyÎmar àíZ :

H$) ""OmJr `mo{JZr Aén -b½Z'' {H$gHo$ {bE H$hm J`m ?

I) "AmZÝX ahm, {_Q> JE Û§X' {H$go g§~mo{YV h¡ ?

J) "Xoe H$mb ea go q~Y H$a' H$m¡Z q~Ym h¡ ?

K) "XoIm gm_Zo _y{V©' -{H$gH$s _y{V© XoIr ?

L>) "{Z{e dmga' AW© {b{IE Ÿ&

M) "{\$a H$a' AW© {b{IE Ÿ&

N>) "boVm _¢ Om H$a OrdZ â H$m ~hZo H$m' Bg n§{º$ _| "_¢' {H$VHo$ {bE h¡ ?

O) VwbgrXmg H$s nËZr H$m Zm_ Š`m h¡ ?

P) nËZr H$mo AmH$a H$m¡Z nrha bo J`m ?

Äm) eaXm H$mo {H$g a§J Ho$ dñÌ _| XoIm ?

60

1.5 Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W :

1. àgmX-{Zambm-Ako : S>m°. am_ ñdê$n MVwd}Xr &

2. H${d H$_© Am¡a H$mì` : S>m°. na_mZÝX lrdmñVd &

3. N>m`mdmX : CËWmZ -nVZ-nwZ_y©ë`m§H$Z - S>m°. a_oe Hw§$Vb _oK Ÿ&

4. AmYw{ZH$ qhXr H${dVm _| {~å~ {dYmZ : S>m°. Ho$XmaZmW qgh &

5. "{Zambm' _yë`m§H$Z : g§. B§ÐZmW _XmZ Ÿ&

6. àgmX H$mì` - S>m. ào_e§H$a &

61

VwbgrXmgVwbgrXmgVwbgrXmgVwbgrXmgVwbgrXmg

Ÿ {~Iar Ny>Q>r e\$ar - AbH|$,{ZîUmV Z`Z - ZraO -nbH|$,^mdmVwa n¥Ww Ca H$s N>bH|$ Cne{_Vm,{Z:gå~b Ho$db Ü`mZ -_½Z,

OmJr `mo{JZr Aén - b½Z,dh I‹S>r erU© {à`-^md-_½Z {Zén{_Vm Ÿ&

Hw$N> g_` AZÝVa, pñWV ahH$a,ñdJu`m^m dh Ëd[aV àIañda _| Pa-Pa OrdZ âH$a Á`m| ~mobr,AMnb Üd{Z H$s M_H$s Mnbm,OmJr Ob na H$_bm, A_bm _{V S>mobr -

""{YH$ ! YmE Vw_ `m| AZmhÿV,Ymo {X`m loð> Hw$b - Y_© YyV ;am_ Ho$ Zht, H$m_ Ho$ gyV H$hbmE !hmo {~Ho$ Ohm± Vw_ {~Zm Xm_,dh Zht Am¡a Hw$N> - hm‹S> Mm_ !H¡$gr {ejm, H¡$gr {dam_ na AmE !''

OmJm, OmJm g§ñH$ma à~b,ao J`m H$m_ VËjU dh Ob,XoIm, dm_m, dh Z Wr, AZb-à{V_m dh ;Bg Amoa kmZ, Cg Amoa kmZ

62

hmo J`m ^ñ_ dh àW_ ^mZ,Ny>Q>m OJ H$m Omo ahm Ü`mZ, O{‹S>_m dh Ÿ&

XoIm emaXm Zrb -dgZm,h¡ gå_wI ñd § g¥{ï> -aeZm,OrdZ -g_ra-ew{M -{Z:ídmgZm, daXmÌr,~rVr dh ñd § gwdm{XV ñda,\y$Q>r Va A_¥Vmja -{ZP©a,`h {díd h§g, h¢ MaU gwYa {Og na lr Ÿ&

Ñ{ï> go ^maVr H$s d¡Y H$aH${d CR>Vm hþAm Mbm D$na ;Ho$db Aå~a -Ho$db Aå~a {\$a XoIm ;Yy_m`_mZ dh KyÊ © àgaYyga g_wÐ e{e -Vmamha,gyú_Vm Zht Š`m D$Üd©, AYa, ja aoIm Ÿ&

M_H$s V~ VH$ Vmam ZdrZ,Úw{V Zrb-Zrb, {Og_| {dbrZhmo JB© ^maVr, ê$n -jrU _{h_m A~ ;Am^m r H«$_e: hþB© _ÝX,{ZñVãY ì`mo_ -J{V, a{hV N>ÝX;AmZÝX ahm, {_Q> J o ÛÝÛ, ~ÝYZ g~ Ÿ&

Wo _w±Xo Z`Z, kmZr-_r{bV,H${b _| gm¡a^ Á`m|, {MV _| pñWV;AnZr Agr_Vm _| Ad{gV àmUme`;{Og H${bH$m _| H${d ahm ~ÝX,dh AmO Cgr _| Iwbr _ÝX,^maVr ê$n _| gwa{^ - N>ÝX {Zol` Ÿ&

63

O~ Am`m {\$a XohmË_ -~moY,~mha MbZo H$m hþAm emoY,ah {Z{d©amoY, J{V hþB© amoY -à{VHy$bm,ImobVr _¥Xwb Xb ~ÝX gH$bJwXJwXm {dnwb Ymam A{dMb~h Mbr gwa{^ H$s Á`m| CËH$b, {Z:eybm -~mOt ~hVr bha| H$bH$b,OmJo mdmHw$b eãXmoÀN>b,Jy±Om OJ H$m H$mZZ - _§S>b, nd©V -Vb;gyZm Ca F${f`m| H$m D$ZmgwZVm ñda, hmo h{f©V XyZm,Amgwa ^mdm| go Omo yZm, Wm {ZíMb Ÿ&

""OmJmo OmJmo Am`m à^mV,~rVr dh, ~rVr AÝY amV,PaVm â Á`mo{V_© ànmV nydmªMb Ÿ&~m±Yr, ~m±Yr {H$aU| MoVZ,VoOñdr, ho V_{O‚mrdZ;AmVr maV H$s Á`mo{VY©Z _{h_m~b Ÿ&

""hmoJm {\$a go XwY©f© g_aO‹S> go MoVZ H$m {Z{edmga;H${d H$m à{V N>{d go OrdZha, OrdZ-â;^maVr BYa, h¢ CYa gH$bO‹S> OrdZ Ho$ g§{MV H$m¡eb;O`, BYa B©e h¢ CYa g~b _m`m -H$a Ÿ&

""hmo aho AmO Omo {IÞ -{IÞNw>Q> -Nw>Q>H$a Xb go {^Þ-{^Þ

64

`h AH$b -H$bm, Jh gH$b {N>Þ, Omo‹S>oJr,a{dH$a Á`m| {~ÝXw -{~ÝXw OrdZg§{MV H$a H$aVm h¡ df©U,bham d-nmXn, _f©U -Z _mo‹S>oJr Ÿ&

"Xoe -H$mb Ho$ ea go q~Y H$a`h OmJm H${d Aeof -N>{dYaBgH$m ñda â ^maVr _wIa hmoE±Jr;{ZíMoVZ, {ZO VZ {_bm {dH$b,N>bH$m eV-eV H$ë_f Ho$ N>b~hVt Omo, do am{JZr g_b gmoE±Jr Ÿ&

""V_ Ho$ A_mÁ © ao Vma -VmaOmo, CZ na n‹S>r àH$me -Yma;OJ - drUm Ho$ ñda Ho$ ~mha ao, OmJmo,Bg H$a AnZo H$mé{UH$ àmUH$a bmo g_j XoXrß`_mZ -Xo JrV {díd H$mo éH$mo, XmZ {\$a _m±Jmo Ÿ&''

Š`m hþAm H$hm±, Hw$N> Zht gwZm,H${d Zo {ZO _Z ^md _| JwZm,gmYZm OJr Ho$db AYwZm àmUm| H$s,XoIm gm_Zo, _y{V© N>b-N>bZ`Zm| _| N>bH$ ahr AMnb,Cn{_Vm Z hþB© g_wƒ gH$b VmZm| H$s Ÿ&

OJ_J OrdZ H$m AÝË` ^mf -""Omo {X`m _wPo Vw_Zo àH$me,A~ ahm Zht boemdH$me ahZo H$m_oam Cggo J¥h Ho$ ^rVa;

65

XoIy±Jm Zht H$^r {\$a H$a,boVm _¢ Omo da OrdZ -â ~hZo H$m Ÿ&''

Mb _ÝX MaU Am o ~mha,Ca _| n[a{MV dh _y{V© gwYaOmJr {dídml` _{h_mYa, {\$a XoIm -g§Hw${MV ImobVr ídoV nQ>b,~Xbr, H$_bm {VaVr gwI Ob,àmMr-{XJÝV -Ca _| nwîH$b a{d -aoIm Ÿ&&

***

66

UNIT - II

1. . . . . am_Ymar qgh {XZH$aam_Ymar qgh {XZH$aam_Ymar qgh {XZH$aam_Ymar qgh {XZH$aam_Ymar qgh {XZH$a

Cd©er - Vrgam gJ©Cd©er - Vrgam gJ©Cd©er - Vrgam gJ©Cd©er - Vrgam gJ©Cd©er - Vrgam gJ©

2. . . . . g{ƒXmZÝX hramZÝX dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`g{ƒXmZÝX hramZÝX dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`g{ƒXmZÝX hramZÝX dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`g{ƒXmZÝX hramZÝX dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`g{ƒXmZÝX hramZÝX dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`'''''

i)))))AgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUm

ii)))))~mdam Ahoar~mdam Ahoar~mdam Ahoar~mdam Ahoar~mdam Ahoar

67

BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -II (am_Ymar qgh {XZH$a : Cd©er - Vrgam gJ© ;am_Ymar qgh {XZH$a : Cd©er - Vrgam gJ© ;am_Ymar qgh {XZH$a : Cd©er - Vrgam gJ© ;am_Ymar qgh {XZH$a : Cd©er - Vrgam gJ© ;am_Ymar qgh {XZH$a : Cd©er - Vrgam gJ© ;

g. hr. dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`g. hr. dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`g. hr. dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`g. hr. dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`g. hr. dmËñ`m`Z "Ako`' -' -' -' -' -AgmÜ` drUm ;AgmÜ` drUm ;AgmÜ` drUm ;AgmÜ` drUm ;AgmÜ` drUm ; ~mdam Ahoar)~mdam Ahoar)~mdam Ahoar)~mdam Ahoar)~mdam Ahoar)

{df` gyMr

2.1 {XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©){XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©){XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©){XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©){XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©)

2.1.1 H${d n[aM`

2.1.2 Cd©er H$m H$WmZH$

2.1.3 Vrgao A§H$ H$m H$WmZH$

2.1.4 Hw$N> eãXmW©

2.1.5 Cd©er H$m H$mì` gm¡ÝX ©

2.1.6 Aä`mg àíZ

2.1.7 Cn`moJr J«§W

2.2 Ako` : AgmÜ` drUm Ako` : AgmÜ` drUm Ako` : AgmÜ` drUm Ako` : AgmÜ` drUm Ako` : AgmÜ` drUm

2.2.1 OrdZ n[aM`

2.2.2 H¥${V`m±

2.2.3 à`moJdmXr H${dVm Am¡a Ako

2.2.4 AgmÜ` drUm H$m H$Wmgma

2.2.5 H$mì`mË_H$ JwU

2.2.6 eãXmW©

2.2.7 Aä`mg àíZ


68

2.3 ~mdam Ahoar ~mdam Ahoar ~mdam Ahoar ~mdam Ahoar ~mdam Ahoar

2.3.1 H${dVm H$m gma __©

2.3.2 H$mì` gm¡ÝX ©

2.3.3 eãXmW©

2.3.4 Aä`mg àíZ

2.3.5 ghm`H$ J«§W

69

BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -II

2.1 {XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©){XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©){XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©){XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©){XZH$a : Cd©er (V¥Vr` gJ©)

2.1.1 H${d n[aM` (H${d n[aM` (H${d n[aM` (H${d n[aM` (H${d n[aM` (1908)))))

Cd©er _hmH$mì` Ho$ aM{`Vm am_Ymar qgh "{XZH$a' h¢ Ÿ& CZH$m OÝ_ {H$gmZ Ho$ Ka _|hþAm Ÿ& {g_{a`mKmQ> ({O. _wJoa) _| hr àma§{^H$ {ejm hþB© Ÿ& ~mX _| _wH$m_mKmQ> go B§Q>a nmg {H$`m Ÿ&nQ>Zm go do ~r.E.(AmZg©) H$a AÜ`mnH$ ~Z JE Ÿ& Hw$N> g_` g~ a{OñQ´>a ~Zm`m J`m Ÿ& 1947 B©._| wÕ àMma {d^mJ _| qhXr S>màoŠQ>a aho Ÿ& Hw$N> {XZ _wOâ\$anwa _| EH$ àmBdoQ> H$mboO _| qhXrAÜ`mnH$ aho Ÿ& {XZH$a H$mo BZH$s H$mì` à{V^m Ho$ gå_mZ ñdê$n amÁ`g^m H$m gXñ` H$m§J«og ÛmamVrZ ~ma _ZmoZrV {H$`m J`m Ÿ& BgHo$ Abmdm CÝh| "g§ñH¥${V Ho$ Mma AÜ`m`' na gm{hË` AH$mXo_rnwañH$ma go gå_m{ZV {H$`m J`m Ÿ& ~mX _| ^maVr` kmZnrR> Ho$ nwañH$ma go gå_m{ZV hþE Ÿ& ^maVgaH$ma Zo CÝh| _`m©XmOZH$ "nÙ yfU' Cnm{Y àXmZ H$a gå_m{ZV {H$`m Ÿ& {XZH$aOr Zo Hw$N> g_`VH$ mJbnwa {díd{dÚmb` Ho$ CnHw$bn{V nX H$mo Jm¡admpÝdV {H$`m Ÿ& Hw$N> g_` maV gaH$ma Ho$J¥h{d^mJ Ho$ qhXr gbmhH$ma r aho Ÿ&

{XZH$aOr _Ðmg JE Wo Ÿ& dhm± go do ^JdmZ ~mbmOr Ho$ Xe©Z H$aZo {Vén{V JE Ÿ& bm¡Q>o Vmo24 Aàob 1974 H$mo _Ðmg _| hr öX`J{V éH$Zo go XohmdgZ hmo J`m Ÿ&

{XZH$a H$mo "amï´>H${d' H$hm J`m h¡ Ÿ& dmñVd _| amï´>r` MoVZm CZHo$ gm{hË` H$m _w»` {dfàhm h¡ Ÿ& Jm§Yr go boH$a bo{ZZ VH$ Am¡a X`mZÝX -^JVqgh go boH$a amOmam__mohZ am` Am¡a EZr~og|Q>Ho$ Xe©Z Zo CÝh| Iy~ à^m{dV {H$`m Ÿ& hr H$maU h¡ {H$ AmoO Am¡a àIaVm H$m ê$n Hw$éjoÌ, naewam_H$s àVrjm _| {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& CYa H$mo_b Am¡a ào_^md aoUwH$m, agdÝVr VWm Cd©er Ho$ nÞm| _| g_m`mh¡ Ÿ& JhZ qMVZ-AÜ``Z g§ñH¥${V Ho$ Mma AÜ`m` _| g_oQ>m h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma {XZaH$a Zo JÚ-H$mì`{_bm H$a bJ^J 50 J«§Wm| H$s aMZm H$s h¡ Ÿ& {OZHo$ AZwdmX {díd H$s AZoH$ ^mfmAm| _| hþE h¢ Ÿ&

{XZH$a maVr` H$mìÒJV _| _mZdVm Ho$ nwOmar, Xoe-^{º$ Ho$ _y{V©_mZ ê$n Am¡a ào_ mdHo$ ì`m»`mVm Ho$ ê$n _| AVwbZr` h¢ Ÿ& CZHo$ H$mì` OJV _| {d{dY ^mdm| H$m {dÝ`mg hþAm h¡ Ÿ& Omo{H$gr gr_m m Xmào _| ~m§Ym Zht Om gH$Vm Ÿ& amï´>r` ñdm{^_mZ Ho$ OrVo OmJVo ê$n {XZH$a H$mo gmaoXoe H$m ñZoh Am¡a AmXa {_bm Wm Ÿ& Bgr H$maU do gXm AOmVeÌw ~Zo aho Ÿ& AnZo gmao {d{dY mdm|

70

Ho$ ~mdOyX CZH$m amï´>H${d H$m ê$n A§V VH$ AjwÊU ahm Ÿ& wÕm| H$m g§hma XoIH$a CZH$m wÕ {damoYr_Zmo md r gXm N>m`m ahm Ÿ& na§Vw Bg mÌm H$m A§{V_ _mo‹S> ào_, ñZoh, {_bZ, ~ÝYwËd Ed§ Z¡H$Q²>` H$moboH$a AmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| ^r {XZH$a Zo AË §V Jhao ^md H$m n[aM` {X`m h¡ Ÿ&

2.1.2. Cd©er H$m H$WmZH$ :Cd©er H$m H$WmZH$ :Cd©er H$m H$WmZH$ :Cd©er H$m H$WmZH$ :Cd©er H$m H$WmZH$ :

"Cd©er' H$mì` gm±Mm nm§M A§H$m| _| \¡$bm hþAm h¡ Ÿ& àmJ¡{VhmgH$mbrZ nwéadm Am¡a Cd©er H$mào_m»`mZ Bg H$mì` H$m _w»` {df` h¡ Ÿ&

H$mì` H$m àma§ gyÌYma Am¡a ZQ>r Ho$ Amngr g§dmX go hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg amV Ho$ g_` Mm§XZr \¡$brhþB© h¡ Ÿ& à{Vð>mZnwa amOYmZr h¡ Am¡a ñWmZ _Zmoa_ CÚmZ h¡ Ÿ& hm± M§Ð {H$aUm| go gmar YaVr _mXH$VmnyU©bJ ahr h¡ Ÿ& AmH$me _| Zynwa Üd{Z gwZmB© n‹S> ahr h¡ Ÿ& H$moB© Aßgam ZrMo CVa ahr h¡ Ÿ& ZQ>r CÝh| \y$bm|H$s g{I`m± H$hVr h¡ Ÿ& {dYw H$s ào {g`m± bJ ahr h¢ Ÿ& na gyÌYma ZQ>r go ~Vm ahm h¡ {H$ o A yº$ ào_H$s Or{dV à{V_mE± h¢, H$m_mgº$ _Z H$s H$m_ZmE± h¢ Ÿ& YaVr na ào_ H$m ñne© nmZo CVa ahr h¢ Ÿ& BZ_|VrZ Aßgam | -ghOÝ`, a§ m Am¡a _oZH$m n¥Ïdr na CVar h¢ Ÿ& Bg ~rM gyÌYa Am¡a ZQ>r no‹S> H$s N>m`m_| OmH$a AÑí` hmo JB© h¢ Ÿ& Aßgam | JmVr Am¡a AmZÝX _Zm ahr h¢ Ÿ&

_oZH$m Am¡a a§ m Cd©er H$s ào_ H$Wm ~VmVr h¡ Ÿ& Hw$~oa Ho$ `hm± go bm¡Q>Vo g_` EH$ amjg ZoPnQ>m Ÿ& V^r amOm nwéadm Zo Cgo ~mhþ~b go _wº$ H$am {b`m Ÿ& A~ _oZH$m amOm Ho$ ào_ _| n‹S> OmVrh¡ Ÿ& amOm _oZH$m Ho$ gm¡ÝX`© na _w½Y hmo {dah {dH$b hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

à{Vð>mZnwa Ho$ amO_hb _| Am¡erZar MMm© H$a ahr Wr Ÿ& nVm Mbm {H$ n{V _hmamO nwéadm go{_bZo _oZH$m Am`r Wr Ÿ& CgHo$ gmW H$ht JE h¢ Ÿ& gIr amZr H$mo YraO ~§YmVr h¡ Ÿ& nwéf àH¥${V na{Q>ßnUr H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& amOm Zo Ma Ho$ hmW g§Xoe ôOm h¡ {Xì` Eb d§e MbmZo B©ída AmamYZm H$abm¡Qy>±Jm, Vw_ ^r nwÌ H$s BÀN>m H$a àmW©Zm H$aVr ahZm Ÿ&

2.1.3 Vrgao A§H$ H$m H$WmZH$ :Vrgao A§H$ H$m H$WmZH$ :Vrgao A§H$ H$m H$WmZH$ :Vrgao A§H$ H$m H$WmZH$ :Vrgao A§H$ H$m H$WmZH$ :

J§Y_mX©Z nd©V na Cd©er Ed§ nwéadm ào_ MMm© H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& Cd©er `mX H$a ahr h¡ {H$ ñdJ© _|gXm Cgo hr Ü`mZ _| aIVr Ÿ& Bgr Vah nwéadm ^r CgHo$ {~Zm {dH$b ahm Ÿ& _Z _| Am`m {H$ B§Ð goCd©er _m§J b| Ÿ& na§Vw `h ^rI j{Ì`mo{MV Zht bJr Ÿ& BgHo$ Abmdm ^rI _m§JZo go ào_ Zht {_bgH$Vm Ÿ& dh àVrjm H$aVm ahm Ÿ{H$ Cd©er qIM H$a Am oJr Ÿ& _Ja Cd©er gmoMVr h¡ {H$ {dH«$_r ~bgo OrV H$a bmVo h¢ Vmo ór H$mo EH$ AmZÝX {_bVm h¡, Bg_| dh Zht Ÿ& O~{H$ nwéadm Bg go gh_V

71

Zht, dh ào_ H$s Am§V[aH$ JhamB© VH$ OmZo H$s ~mV H$hVm h¡ Ÿ& BVZm hr Zht dh Xoh Ho$ gm¡ÝX`© go hQ>H$a _Z H$s Amoa gmoM ahm h¡ Vmo gmar g¥{ï> _| Cgr H$m gm¡ÝX © {XIVm h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw nwéadm ào_ H$sì`mnH$Vm Ho$ gmW Cgo N>mo‹S> AmH$me _| Zht {dMaU H$a gH$Vm Ÿ& Cd©er amOm _| XodËd H$s MmhXoIH$a K~am OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ dhm± erVbVm h¡ Ÿ& dh CÎmá é{Ya H$s Amoa AmH${f©V h¡ Ÿ& AV:nwéadm _| XodËd Ho$ gmW _ZwOËd H$mo ^r OJm ahr h¡ Ÿ& dh H$hVr h¡ {H$ AJa Cgo AmH${f©V H$aZm h¡Vmo _ZwO r XodËd àmá H$a boJm Ÿ& na§Vw amOm ~w{Õ go {dMma H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& O~ {H$ Cd©er ~w{Õ H$mo ho_mZ ahr h¡ Ÿ& aº$ H$mo ~w{Õ go ~br H$hVr h¡ Ÿ& kmZr ^r _mZVr h¡ Ÿ& Ho$db ~w{Õ {ZîàmU hmoVr h¡ Ÿ&H$bmH$ma H$m öX` Vmo é{Ya go hr {hbmoa§o boVm h¡ Ÿ&

nwéadm aº$ H$mo ~br _mZVm h¡ Ÿ& na é{Ya g~ Hw$N> Zht Ÿ& Xoh Y_© go D$na CR>H$a A§VamË_mVH$ OmZo H$s ~mV H$hVm h¡ Ÿ& h ào_ D$Üd© CÞ{V _| ~mYH$ ~ZVm h¡ Ÿ& ZrMo ItM boVm h¡ Ÿ& Cd©er VmoAmqbJZ nme Ho$ {bE ì`mHw$b h¡ Ÿ& dh AYam| Ho$ Mw§~Z H$s AmH$m§jm H$a ahr h¡ Ÿ& O~ {H$ nwéadm{damJ H$s ~mV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& dh Mm¢H$ CR>Vr h¡ Ÿ& dh H$hVr h¡ {H$ _¢ Vwåhmar amh _| H$ht dmYH$ Zht~Zy§Jr Ÿ& _wPo djñWb na Eogo hr {ga aIo ahZo Xmo Ÿ& _wPo wO~§X _| H$go ahmo Ed§ AYam| na Vrd« Mw§~ZXoVo ahmo Ÿ& dh CÔrnZ ê$n _| amV H$m dU©Z H$a ahr h¡ Ÿ& ^m¡{VH$ Ed§ AmÜ`mpË_H$ ào_ Ho$ ZrMo Û§ÝXMbVm ahVm h¡ Ÿ& nwéadm _| XodËd H$s H$ënZmE± h¢ Vmo Cd©er _| C\$ZVo aº$ H$s Vrd« AHw$bmhQ> Câahr h¡ Ÿ& H$^r ào_ Vmo H$^r g§Ý`mg ! ào_ àH¥${V h¡ Ÿ& na_oída g§Ý`mg h¡ Ÿ& _Zwî` H$mo {gIm`m h¡ {H$EH$ ì`{º$ _| XmoZm| EH$ gmW Zht ah gH$Vo Ÿ&

V~ Cd©er nyN> ahr h¡ - B©ída Am¡a àH¥${V Xmo h¢, XmoZm| EH$ Xygao Ho$ à{V~b h§¡ ? eÌw h¢ ?H$m\$s MMm© Ho$ ~mX dh g_mYmZ aIVo hþE H$hVr h¡ - {H$ àH¥${V Am¡a g§Ý`mg _| A oX h¡ Ÿ& na§Vwnwéadm Ho$ {bE Cd©er ahñ`nyU© hr ahVr h¡ Ÿ& _Z hr _mZVm h¡ {H$ Cd©er Ho$ gmW CgH$m g§~§Y OÝ_-OÝ_mÝVa H$m h¡ Ÿ& dh gmoMVm h¡ {H$ Ohm± dh Om oJr, gwJ§Y Ho$ nrN>o ^m¢ao H$s Vah ñd § {I§Mm hþAmMbm Om oJm Ÿ&

Bgr Vah ào_ MMm© H$aVo hþE XmoZm| H$mo gmW-gmW ahVo EH$ df© H$s Ad{Y ~rV OmVr h¡ Ÿ&amOm Cgo `mX H$a {dˆb hmo CR>Vm h¡ Ÿ& OmZo go nhbo dh bVm, \y$bm| H$s S>mb Am¡a nd©V Ho$ àH$meVWm \¡$br h[a`mbr go Or â {_b boZm MmhVm h¡ Ÿ& {Og_| gd©Ì {à`m g_m`r h¡ Ÿ&

72

2.1.4. Hw$N> eãXmW© : Hw$N> eãXmW© : Hw$N> eãXmW© : Hw$N> eãXmW© : Hw$N> eãXmW© :

{gVm{gV = H$mbo - Jmoa & Aè_yb = Anè Ho$ H$maU Ÿ& e{_V -dpÝh = em§V AmJ

n¥ÀN>m = BÀN>m & d{V©H$m-gr = ~Îmr H$s Vah & CS²>S>rZ = C‹S>Zo & à §OZ = dO« ñ`ÝXZ = aW &

Vën ={~N>m¡Zo & {H$pëdf = nmn & _{U -Hw${Å>_ = _{U dJ¡ah & Ky{U©MH«$ = Vy\$mZ & AepãXV =_m¡Z & A{YË`H$m = KmQ>r & XwHy$b = MmXa & {dH$M = gwÝXa & ñ`mV² = em`X & CSw>Am| = VmamJU &Ab_ = `Woï> & Ae{Z AmKmV = {~Obr H$s MmoQ> & g_wX²^yV = CËnÞ & òá = gwá

2.1.5 "Cd©er' H$m H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :"Cd©er' H$m H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :"Cd©er' H$m H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :"Cd©er' H$m H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :"Cd©er' H$m H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :

AmYw{ZH$ qhXr gm{hË` _| _hmH$mì` na§nam H«$_e: {dbwá hmoVr JB© & N>m`mdmXr wJ Ho$ ~mX`h õmg Vrd« hmoVm J`m Ÿ& na§Vw {XZH$a BgHo$ ì`{VH«$_ aho h¢ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo _hmH$mì` Am¡a AZoH$ I§S>H$mì`XmoZm| H$s aMZm H$s h¡ Ÿ&

"Cd©er' H$m Zm`H$ nwéadm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| CXmÎm JwU dV©_mZ h¢ Ÿ& dh CƒHw$b `m amOHw$b _|CËnÞ h¡ Ÿ& dh AË §V dra h¡ Ÿ& Zm{`H$m H$mo amjg Ho$ M§Jwb go wÕ H$a _wº$ H$aZo _| g_W© h¡ Ÿ& A{_Vgm¡ÝX`© H$m A{YH$mar h¡ Ÿ& V^r Cd©er g_n©U H$a XoVr h¡ Ÿ&

Bg H$mì` H$m _w»` ag ûm¥§Jma h¡ Ÿ& g_yMo H$mì` _| h \¡$bm h¡ Ÿ& A§V _| Zm`H$ g§Ý`mg boVm h¡ Ÿ&

_w»`V: nyam H$mì` g§dmX e¡br _| aMm J`m h¡ Ÿ& nwéadm Am¡a Cd©er Ho$ ~rM H$WmonH$WZ go hrBgHo$ H$WmZH$ H$mo J{V {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& M[aÌ {MÌU ^r {XZH$a Zo ^mdmoX²Jma Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&Cd©er Ho$ ào_ àg§Jm| _| CgH$s H$m_ ^mdZm Câ H$a AmVr h¡ Ÿ& O~{H$ nwéadm H$m ^md àXe©Z AnZo{deof Ñ{ï>H$moU H$m n[aMm`H$ h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma nyao H$mì` _| ^mdm{^ì §OZ hr à_wI ahm h¡ Ÿ&

Bg_| gr{_V nmÌ Am¡a CZH$s gr{_V MoîQ>mAm| Ho$ H$maU {dñV¥V md y{_ H$s Jw§OmBe Zht h¡ Ÿ&

àH¥${V Jw§OZ- Bg H$mì` _| àH¥${V H$s g§JrV_`r pñW{V Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& ZmZm Üd{Z _|AZwaUmË_H$ ñda gwZmB© XoVm h¡ Ÿ&

""em§{V, em§{V g~ Amoa,

{H$ÝVw `h ŠdUZ -ŠdUZ ñda H¡$gm ?

AVb ì`mo_ Ca _| o H¡$go

Zynwa PZH$ aho h¢ Ÿ&''

73

"_oK _§Ð Sw>J -Sw>J Üd{Z

Ob Ymam _| KQ> âZo H$s Ÿ&''

""Pb_b g[aV g{bb

`h D$fm H$s bmbr go Ÿ&

eñ`m| na {~N>br {~N>br,

Am^m dh aOV {H$aU H$s Ÿ&''

`hm± na àH¥${V H$m Ord§V, _Zmoa_ {MÌ CnpñWV hþAm h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo àH¥${V Ho$ {d{^Þ ê$nm|,nd©V, _¡XmZ, Hw§$O, no‹S>-nm¡Yo, gmJa, Prb, AmH$me, _oK, {~Obr Am{X Ho$ AJ{UV {MÌ {b o h¢ Ÿ&H${d H$ënZm H$a Cn_m XoVo hþE CZH$m _Zmoa_ {MÌ àñVwV H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| àH¥${V Ho$ {d{dY ì`mnma{d{dY ñWbm| na {M{ÌV hmo aho h¢ Ÿ&

H${d Zo àH¥${V Ho$ MoVZ ê$n na {deof Ü`mZ {X`m h¡ Ÿ& Ohm± na do CgH$s J§Y, ñne© Am¡a a§Jg§~§Yr à^md y{_ go$ nyar Vah AmH«$m§V h¢ Ÿ&

àH¥${V _mZd Ho$ gwI _| gwIr {XIm`r h¡, Xw:I _| dh Xw:Ir {XIVr h¡ Ÿ&

H${d àH¥${V H$mo _mZdr ê$n XoH$a Cgo ~ma-~ma {d{^Þ ì`mnmam| H$m OrdZ na Amamon H$aVoh¢ Ÿ& àH¥${V Ho$ g^r ê$nm| _| `h _mZdrH$aU H$m ê$n CnbãY hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

""O~ go Am`r

YaVr na \y$b A{YH$ {IbVo h¢ ''

`h àH¥${V _mZdr ê$n boH$a à^md S>mb ahr h¡ Ÿ& Eogo AJ{UV CXmhaU CnbãY h¢ Ÿ&

H${d Zo àH¥${V {MÌU _| Ab§H$mam| H$m Iwb H$a à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Cn_m H$m ^§S>ma âm h¡ Ÿ&

""`h {ebm -gm dj, o MÅ>mZ-gr _oar wOm | Ÿ&''

ê$nH$ Ho$ {bE `h CXmhaU g_rMrZ hmoJm :

_wI- gamoO _wñH$mZ {~Zm Am^m{dhrZ bJVm h¡ Ÿ&

{XZH$a Zo dj Ho$ {bE {ebm H$m àVrH$ MwZm h¡ Ÿ& OQ>mAm| Ho$ {bE Zm{JZ, _Ywag Ho$ {bEM§Ð_m H$m àVrH$ ~ma-~ma à`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

H${d H$mo àH¥${V _| ahñ`mZw^y{V hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ& Bg Vrgao gJ© _| ~ma-~ma `h Am`m h¡ Ÿ&

"" o {H$aU|, o \y$b, {H$ÝVw A§{V_ gmonmZ Zht

74

CR>Zm hmoJm ~hþV Xya, D$na BZHo$ Vmam| na''

`hm± ahñ`_` àH¥${V Ho$ à{V H${d H$s CËgwH$Vm ì`º$ hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ&

Bgr H$maU H${d gm¡ÝX © MMm© Ho$ g_` ì`mnH$ \$bH$ na CVa AmVm h¡ Ÿ& hm± na Agr_ VH${dñVma hmo ahm h¡ Ÿ& H${d Ho$ Bg Ñí` H$mo

""gmVm| Aå~a VH$ C‹S>Vm h¡,$ê$ngr Zmar H$m ñdUmªMb''

Bg àH$ma gm¡ÝX © H$s ì`mnH$Vm H$s H$moB© gr_m Zht ah nmVr Ÿ&

H${d Zo Cd©er Ho$ ê$n gm¡ÝX © H$s _Zmoa_ N>{d àñVwV H$a Cgo "{díd{à`m' Ho$ ê$n _| {XIm`mh¡ Ÿ& `h Jr{V-ZmQ²>` AZwn_ H¥${V h¡ Bg_| ào_ Am¡a gm¡ÝX`© H$s AZyR>r ì`m»`m hþB© h¡ Ÿ&

H${d Zo Cd©er Am¡a nwéadm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go gZmVZ _mZd Am¡a gZmVZ Zmar H$s emídV H$m_^mdZm H$mo AË §V _Zmod¡km{ZH$ T>§J go {M{ÌV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& h dU©Z nyar embrZVm, J[a_m Am¡a _{h_mHo$ gmW g§nÞ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& ì`{º$ ào_ H$mo H${d Zo CXmÎm y{_ na à{VpñWV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& H$m_ -Xe©Z H$mogm{hpË`H$ ñVa na ê$nm{`V H$aZo _| {XZH$a AX² wV g\$b ah| Ÿ&

2.1.6 Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :

Hw$N> ì`m»`mË_H$ àg§J :Hw$N> ì`m»`mË_H$ àg§J :Hw$N> ì`m»`mË_H$ àg§J :Hw$N> ì`m»`mË_H$ àg§J :Hw$N> ì`m»`mË_H$ àg§J :

i) O~ go h_ Vw_ {_bo ..... Jb H$a Imo OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

ii) {_b ^r J`r Cd©er `{X ..... H$nmQ> H$m¡Z Voao {Z{_Îm ImoboJm Ÿ&

iii) {~Õ hmo OmVm ghO ..... Zmar Cgo _wñH$mZ go Ÿ&

iv) `h Vmo Za hr h¡, EH$ gmn ..... H§$Xn© b{bV ^r h¡ Ÿ&

v) Xoh ào_ H$s OÝ_ y{_ h¡ ..... Zht gr{_V h¡ é{Ya ËdMm VÌ Ÿ&

vi) Vw_ nd©V , _¢ bVm ..... _y{N>©V hmo OmD±$Jr Ÿ&

vii) O~ ^r VZ H$s n[a{Y nma H$a .....

Am¡a \y$b `m| hr àgÞ hmoH$a h±gZo bJVo h¢ Ÿ&

viii) «m§{V Zht AZw y{V ..... CgH$m à{V`moJr à{V\$b h¡ Ÿ&

ix) \$bmg{º$ Xy{fV H$a XoVr ..... Xy{fV Am¡a _{bZ h¡ Ÿ&

x) Ohm±-Ohm± Vw_ ahr, {ZînbH$ Z`Zm| H$s Am^m _| ..... ...

`m {H$amhþ O¡go {dYw nrN>o-nrN>o MbVm h¡ Ÿ&

75

XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :

H$) Cd©er _| Vrgao A§H$ Ho$ dmVm©bmnm| H$m gmag§jon Xr{OE Ÿ&

I) Vrgao gJ© Ho$ H$mì` gm¡ÝX © na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

J) Cd©er Ho$ ào_ ^md Am¡a gm¡ÝX © ê$n na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

K) nwéadm Zo Cd©er H$mo {H$g ê$n _| {b`m h¡ Ÿ?

L>) "Cd©er' H$mì` _| H$m_ ^md H$m ñdê$n ñnîQ> H$s{OE Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :

M) Vrgao gJ© Ho$ AmYma na Cd©er H$m M[aÌ {MÌU H$s{OE Ÿ&

N>) Vrgao gJ© _| " _mZdrH$aU' Ho$ Hw$N> CXmhaU Xr{OE Ÿ&

O) Cd©er H$m _mZdr ê$n ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

P) nwéadm H$s X¡dr mdZmAm| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

Äm) Vrgao gJ© H$s H$Wm H$s ê$naoIm Xr{OE Ÿ&

A{V g§{já _ybH$ àíZ :A{V g§{já _ybH$ àíZ :A{V g§{já _ybH$ àíZ :A{V g§{já _ybH$ àíZ :A{V g§{já _ybH$ àíZ :

Q>) nd©V na Cd©er Ed§ nwéadm {H$VZo g_` VH$ aho ?

R>) nwéadm H$s nËZr H$m¡Z h¡ ?

S>) XmoZm| {H$g nd©V na aho ?

T>) Am¡a {_bo Vw_ àW_-àW_, {dÚwV M_H$ Cd©er' `hm± "Vw_' eãX {H$gHo$ {bE h¡ ?

U) ""_¢ _mZdr Zht, Xodr h±ÿ Ÿ&'' H$WZ {H$g H$m h¡ ?

V) ""_¢ _ZmoXoe H$s dm w, ì`mHw$b, M§Mb'' H$m¡Z nmÌ H$h ahm h¡ ?

W) ""_oar hr Wr VnZ {Ogo \y$bm| Ho$ Hw§$O ^dZ _|,

OÝ_-OÝ_mÝVa _| Vw_ AmqbJZ go haVr Am`r hmo Ÿ&'' H$m¡Z H$h ahm h¡ ?

X) ""nr b| Or â nd©V na H$m Zrad àH$me

b| gtM öX` Py_Vr hþB© h[a`mbr h¡ Ÿ&''

`h n§{º$$ Cd©er Vrgao gJ© _| H$~ H$hVr h¡ ?

76

Y) nwéadm Zo ""{díd{à`m'' {H$go H$hm h¡ ?

Z) Zmar H$s _¢ H$ënZm Ma_ Za Ho$ .... _| ~gZo dmbr Ÿ&

(Imbr ñWmZ na C{MV eãX MwZH$a aI| ; VZ, _Z, YZ Ÿ)

2.1.7 Hw$N> Cn`moJr J«§W- Hw$N> Cn`moJr J«§W- Hw$N> Cn`moJr J«§W- Hw$N> Cn`moJr J«§W- Hw$N> Cn`moJr J«§W-

1) qhXr gm{hË` Am¡a g§doXZm H$m {dH$mg : am_ñdê$n MVwd}Xr Ÿ&

2) qhXr gm{hË` H$m B{Vhmg : AmMm © am_MÝÐ eyŠb Ÿ&

3) H${dH$_© Am¡a H$mì`^mfm : na_mZÝX lrdmñVd

4) g§ñH¥${V Ho$ Mma AÜ`m` : {XZH$a

77

Cd©er (V¥Vr` A§H$ go)Cd©er (V¥Vr` A§H$ go)Cd©er (V¥Vr` A§H$ go)Cd©er (V¥Vr` A§H$ go)Cd©er (V¥Vr` A§H$ go)

Ÿ(JÝY_mXZ nd©V na nwéadm Am¡a Cd©er )Ÿ(JÝY_mXZ nd©V na nwéadm Am¡a Cd©er )Ÿ(JÝY_mXZ nd©V na nwéadm Am¡a Cd©er )Ÿ(JÝY_mXZ nd©V na nwéadm Am¡a Cd©er )Ÿ(JÝY_mXZ nd©V na nwéadm Am¡a Cd©er )

nwéadmnwéadmnwéadmnwéadmnwéadmO~ go h_-Vw_ {_bo, Z OmZo {H$VZo A{^gmam| _|aOZr H$a ûm¥§Jma {gVm{gV Z^ _| Ky_ MwH$s h¡;OmZo, {H$VZr ~ma MÝÐ_m H$mo, ~mar-~mar go,A_m Mwam bo J`r Am¡a {\$a Á`moËñZm bo Am`r h¡ Ÿ&

O~ go h_-Vw_ {_bo, ê$n Ho$ AJ_, \w$ëb H$mZZ _|A{Z{_f _oar Ñ{ï> {H$gr {dñ_` _| Sy>~ J`r h¡,AW© Zht gyPVm _wPo AnZr hr {dH$b {Jam H$m;eãXm| go ~ZVr h¢ Omo _y{V©`m±, Vwåhmao ÑJ goCR>Zodmbo jra -Ádma _| JbH$a Imo OmVr h¢ Ÿ&

I‹S>m {ghaVm ahVm _¢ AmZÝX -{dH$b Cg VH$ -gm{OgH$s S>mbm| na àgÞ {Jbh[a`m± {H$bH$ ahr hm|,`m nÎmm| _| {N>nr hþB© H$mo b Hy$OZ H$aVr hmo Ÿ&

Cd©erCd©erCd©erCd©erCd©erO~ go h_-Vw_ {_bo, Z OmZo, Š`m hmo J`m g_` H$mo,b` hmoVm Om ahm _éX²J{V go AVrV -Jˆma _| Ÿ&{H$ÝVw hm`, O~ Vwåh| XoI _¢ gwanwa H$mo bm¡Q>r Wr,`hr H$mb AOJa -g_mZ àmUm| na ~¡R> J`m Wm Ÿ&C{XV gy © Z^ go OmZo H$m Zm_ Zht boVm Wm,H$ën {~Vm o {~Zm Z hQ>Vr Wt do H$mb, {ZemE± Ÿ&

78

H$m_Ðþ_ -Vb n‹S>r V‹S>nVr ahr Vá \y$bm| na;na Vw_ Am o Zht H$^r {N>n H$a ^r gw{Y boZo H$mo Ÿ&{Zðw>a ~Z {ZpíMÝV ^moJVo ~¡R>o aho _hb _|gwI àVmn H$m , è H$m, O` H$m, H${b`m| H$m, \y$bm| H$m Ÿ& {_bo, AÝV _|,V~ O~ bbZm H$s _`m©X J±dmH$añdJ©-bmoH$ H$mo N>mo‹S> y{_ na ñd § Mbr _¢ Am`r Ÿ&

nwéadmnwéadmnwéadmnwéadmnwéadm{Ma-H¥$Vk h±ÿ Bg H¥$nmbwVm Ho$ {hV, {H$ÝVw, {_bZ H$m,Bgo N>mo‹S> H$a Am¡a Xygam H$m¡Z nÝW g§^d Wm ?Cg {XZ Xwï> XZwO Ho$ H$a go Vwåh| {d_mo{MV H$aHo$Am¡a N>mo‹S> H$a Vwåh| Vwåhmar g{I`m| Ho$ hmWm| _|bm¡Q>m O~ _¢ amO-^dZ H$mo, bJm, Xoh hr Ho$dbaW _| ~¡R>r hþB© {H$gr {dY J¥h VH$ nh±þM J`r h¡;Ny>Q> Jò h¢ àmU CÝht CÁdb _oKm| Ho$ dZ _|,Ohm± {_br Wt Vw_ jramoX{Y _| bm{b_m -bha gr Ÿ&

H$B© ~ma Mmhm gwan{V go OmH$a ñd § H$h±ÿ _¢,A~ Cd©er {~Zm h OrdZ ma hþAm OmVm h¡,~‹S>r H¥$nm hmo Cgo Amn `{X ^yVb na OmZo X| Ÿ&

na _Z Zo Q>moH$m, j{Ì` ^r ^rI _m±JVo h¢ Š`m ?Am¡a ào_ Š`m H$^r àmá hmoVm h¡ {^jmQ>Z go ?{_b ^r J`r Cd©er `{X VwP H$mo BÝÐ H$s H¥$nm go,CgH$m öX`-H$nmQ> H$m¡Z Voao {Z{_Îm ImoboJm ?

"~mha gm±H$b Zht {Ogo Vy Imob öX` nm Om o,Bg _§{Xa H$m Ûma gXm AÝV:nwa go IwbVm h¡ Ÿ&Am¡a H$^r `h gmoMm h¡, {Og gwJÝY go N>H$ H$a

79

{dH$b dm w ~h ahr _Îm hmoH$a {ÌH$mb -{Ì wdZ H$s,Cg {XJÝV-ì`m{nZr JÝY H$s Aì``, A_a {eIm H$mo_Ë © àmU H$s {H$g {ZHw§$O -drWr _| ~m±Y YaoJm ?'

Bgr{bE, Aghm` V‹S>nVm ~¡R>m ahm _hb _|,bo H$a `h {dídmg, àr{V _oar `{X _¥fm Zht h¡,_oao _Z H$m Xmh ì`mo_ Ho$ ZrMo Zht éHo$Jm,ObX-nw§O H$mo oX, nh±þM H$a nm[aOmV Ho$ dZ _|dh Adí` hr H$a XoJm gÝVá Vwåhmao _Z H$mo Ÿ&Am¡a àr{V OJZo na Vw_ ~¡Hw$ÊR> -bmoH$ H$mo VO H$a{H$gr amV, {ZíM`, yVb na ñd § Mbr AmAmoJr Ÿ&

Cd©erCd©erCd©erCd©erCd©ergmo Vmo _¢ Am J`r, {H$ÝVw, `h d¡gm hr AmZm h¡,A`ñH$mÝV go ItM A`g H$mo O¡go {ZO ~m±hm| _| Ÿ&na Bg AmZo _| qH${MV² ^r ñdmX H$hm§ Cg gwI H$m,Omo gwI {_bVm CZ _ZpñdZr dmJbmoMZmAm| H$mo{OÝh| ào_ go CÛo{bV {dH«$_r nwéf ~bembraU go bmVo OrV `m {H$ ~b-g{hV haU H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

g{X`m± AmVt ñd §, Ü`mZ gmJa na, H$~ XoVm h¡ ?dobm H$m gm¡ m½` {Ogo AmqbJZ _| âZo H$mo{Ka-AV¥á CX²^«mÝV _hmoX{Y bhamVm ahVm h¡ Ÿ&

dhr YÝ` Omo _mZ_`r àU`r Ho$ ~mhþ-db` _|qIMr Zht, {dH«$_ -Va§J na M‹T>r hþB© AmVr h¡ Ÿ&

J«hU {H$`m Š`m| Zht, _m±J bmZo _| `{X Anè Wm ?

80

nwéadmnwéadmnwéadmnwéadmnwéadmAè_yb XmoZm| {dH$_© h¢, haU hmo {H$ {^jmQ>Z Ÿ&Am¡a haU H$aVm _¢ {H$gH$m ? Cg gm¡ÝX ©-gwYm H$mOmo X¡dm| H$s em§{V, BÝÐ Ho$ ÑJ H$s erVbVm Wr ?

Zht ~‹T>m`m H$^r hmW na Ho$ ñdmYrZ _wHw$Q> na,Z Vmo {H$`m g§Kf© H$^r na H$s dgwYm har H$mo Ÿ&V~ ^r à{Vð>mZnwa dpÝXV h¡ ghñÌ _wHw$Q>m| go,Am¡a amÁ` gr_m {XZ-{XZ {dñV¥V hmoVr OmVr h¡ Ÿ&Bgr ^m±{V, àË oH$ gw e, gwI, {dO` {g{Õ OrdZ H$sAZm`mg, ñd`_od àmá _wP H$mo hmoVr Am`r h¡ Ÿ&`h g~ CZH$s H¥$nm, g¥{ï> {OZH$s {ZJy‹T> aMZm h¡ Ÿ&PwHo$ hþE h_ YZwf _mÌ h¢, VZr hþB© Á`m na go{H$gr Am¡a H$s BÀN>mAm| Ho$ ~mU Mbm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

_¢ _Zwî` H$m_Zm -dm w _oao rVa ~hVr h¡H$^r _ÝX J{V go àmUm| _| {ghaZ -nwbH$ OJm H$a;H$^r S>m{b`m| H$mo _amo‹S> P§Pm H$s XméU J{V go_Z H$m XrnH$ ~wPm, ~Zm H$a {V{_amÀN>Þ öX` H$mo Ÿ&{H$ÝVw nwéf Š`m H$^r _mZVm h¡ VZ Ho$ emgZ H$mo ?{\$a hmoVm g§Kf©, {V{_a _| XrnH$ {\$a ObVo h¢ Ÿ&

a§Jm| H$s AmHw$b Va§J O~ h_ H$mo H$g boVr h¡,h_ Ho$db Sy>~Vo Zht D$na ^r CVamVo h¢nwÊS>arH$ Ho$ gÑe _¥{Îm -Ob hr {OgH$m OrdZ h¡,na V~ ^r ahVm A{bá Omo g{bb Am¡a H$X©_ go Ÿ&

Zht BVa BÀN>mAm| VH$ hr AZmg{º$ gr{_V h¡;CgH$m qH${MV² ñne© V^r n{dÌ H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

81

Cd©erCd©erCd©erCd©erCd©er`h _¢ Š`m gwZ ahr ? XodVmAm| Ho$ OJ go MbH$a{\$a _¢ Š`m \±$g J`r {H$gr gwa Ho$ hr ~mhþ-db` _| ?AÝYH$ma H$s _¢ à{V_m h±ÿ ? O~ VH$ öX` Vwåhmam{V{_a -J«ñV h¡, V~ VH$ hr _¢ Cgna amO H$ê±$Jr ?Am¡a ObmAmoJo {Og {XZ ~wPo hþE XrnH$ H$mo,_wPo Ë`mJ XmoJo à^mV _| aOZr H$s _mbm -gr ?dh {dÚwÝ_` ñne© {V{_a h¡, nmH$a {Ogo ËdMm H$sZtX Qy>Q> OmVr, amo_m| _| XrnH$ ~b CR>Vo h¢ ?dh AmqbJZ AÝYH$ma h¡, {Og_| ~±Y OmZo nah_ àH$me Ho$ _hm{gÝYw _| CVamZo bJVo h¢ ?Am¡a H$hmoJo {V{_a-eyb Cg Mwå~Z H$mo r {OggoO‹S>Vm H$s J«pÝW`m± {Z{Ib VZ-_Z H$s Iwb OmVr h¢ ?

`h ^r H¡$gr {ÛYm ? XodVm JÝYm| Ho$ Koao go{ZH$b Zht _YwnyU© nwîn H$m Mwå~Z bo gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&Am¡a XohY_u Za \y$bm| Ho$ eara H$mo VO H$abbMmVm h¡ Xya JÝY Ho$ Z^ _| C‹S> OmZo H$mo Ÿ&

AZmg{º$ Vw_ H$hmo, {H$ÝVw, Bg {ÛYm-J«ñV _mZd H$sPm±H$s Vw_ _| XoI _wPo, OmZ| Š`m|, ^` bJVm h¡ Ÿ&VZ go _wP H$mo H$go hþE AmnZo Ñ‹T> AmqbJZ _|,_Z go, {H$ÝVw {dfÊU Xya Vw_ H$hm± Mbo OmVo hmo ?~agm H$a nr yf ào_ H$m, Am±Im| go Am±Im| _|,_wPo XoIVo hþE H$hm± Vw_ OmH$a Imo OmVo hmo ?H$^r-H$^r bJVm h¡, Vw_ go Omo Hw$M ^r H$hVr h±yAme` CgH$m Zht, eãX Ho$db _oao gwZVo hmo Ÿ&

82

jU _| ào_ AJmY, {gÝYw hmo O¡go Ambmo‹S>Z _|;Am¡a nwZ: dh empÝV, Zht O~ nÎmo ^r {hbVo h¢ Ÿ&V^r Ñ{ï> wJ- wJ Ho$ n[aM` go CË\w$ëb, har-gr;Am¡a A^r `h ^md, JmoX _| n‹S>r hþB© _¢ O¡go`wdVr Zmar Zht, àmW©Zm H$s H$moB© H${dVm h±ÿ Ÿ&e{_V-d{• gwa H$s erVbVm Vmo AkmV Zht h¡,N>H$ H$a XoVm Cgo Zht nrZo Omo ag OrdZ H$m,Z Vmo XodVm-gÑe JÝY-Z^ _| OrZo XoVm h¡ Ÿ&

nwéadmnwéadmnwéadmnwéadmnwéadmH$m¡Z h¡ A§Hw$e, Bgo _¢ ^r Zht nhMmZVm h±ÿ Ÿ&na gamoda Ho$ {H$Zmao H$ÊR> _| Omo Ob ahr h¡,Cg V¥fm, Cg doXZm H$mo OmZVm h±ÿ Ÿ&

AmJ h¡ H$moB© Zht Omo em§V hmoVr :Am¡a IwbH$a IobZo go ^r {Za§Va ^mJVr h¡ Ÿ&

ê$n H$m ag_` {Z_§ÌU`m {H$ _oao hr é{Ya H$s d{•_wP H$mo em§{V go OrZo Z XoVr Ÿ&ha K‹S>r H$hVr, "CR>mo,Bg MÝÐ_m H$mo hmW go Ya H$a {ZMmo‹S>mo,nmZ H$a bmo `h gwYm, _¢ emÝV h±ÿJr,A~ Zht AmJo H$^r CX²^«m§V h±ÿJr Ÿ&'

{H$ÝVw ag Ho$ nmÌ na Á`m| hr bJmVm h±ÿ AYa H$mo,Ky±Q> `m Xmo Ky±Q> nrVo hrZ OmZo, {H$g AmVb go ZmX `h AmVm,"A^r VH$ ^r Z g_Pm ?

83

Ñ{ï> H$m Omo no` h¡, dh aº$ H$m ^moOZ Zht h¡ Ÿ&ê$n H$s AmamYZm H$m _mJ© AmqbJZ Zht h¡ Ÿ&'

Qy>Q> {JaVr h¢ C_§J|~mhþAm| H$m nme hmo OmVm {e{Wb h¡ Ÿ&Aà{V^ _¢ {\$a Cgr XwJ©_ Ob{Y _| Sy>~ OmVm,{\$a dhr C{Û½Z {MÝVZ,{\$a dhr n¥ÀN>m {Ma§VZ,"ê$n H$s AamYZm H$m _mJ©,AmqbJZ Zht Vmo Am¡a Š`m h¡ ?ñZoh H$m gm¡ÝX © H$mo Cnhmaag-Mwå~Z Zht Vmo Am¡a Š`m h¡ ?'aº$ H$s CÎmá bham| H$s n[a{Y Ho$ nmaH$moB© gË` hmo Vmo,MmhVm h±ÿ ôX CgH$m OmZ b±y Ÿ&nÝW hmo gm¡ÝX © H$s AmamYZm H$m ì`mo_ _| `{XeyÝ` H$s Cg aoI H$mo nhMmZ by± Ÿ&

na Ohm± VH$ C‹S>z>, Bg àíZ H$m CÎma Zht h¡ Ÿ&_¥{Îm _hXmH$me _| R>hao H$hm± na ? eyÝ` h¡ g~ Ÿ&Am¡a ZrMo r Zht gÝVmof,{_Q²>Q>r Ho$ öX` goXya hmoVm hr H$^r Aå~a Zht h¡ Ÿ&

Bg ì`Wm H$mo PobVmAmH$me H$s {Zagr_Vm _|Ky_Vm {\$aVm {dH$b, {d «mÝVna Hw$N> ^r Z nmVm Ÿ&àíZ Omo ~‹T>Vm,

84

JJZ H$s eyÝ`Vm _| Jy±O H$a g~ Amoa_oao hr ldU _| bm¡Q> AmVm Ÿ&

Am¡a BVZo _| _hr H$m JmZ {\$a XoVm gwZm`r,"h_ dhr OJ h¢, Ohm± na \y$b {IbVo h¢ Ÿ&Xy~ h¡ eæ`m h_mao XodVm H$s,nwîn Ho$ do Hw§$O _§{Xa h¢Ohm± erVb, h[aV, EH$mÝV _ÊS>n _| àH¥${V Ho$H$ÊQ>{H$V wdVr - wdH$ ñdÀN>ÝX {_bVo h¢ Ÿ&

"BZ H$nmobm| H$s bbmB© XoIVo hmo ?Am¡a AYam| H$s h±gr `h Hw$ÝX -gr, Oyhr-H$brJm¡a MånH$-`{ï>-gr `h Xoh íbW nwînmâU go,ñdU© H$s à{V_m H$bm Ho$ ñdßZ-gm±Mo _| T>br-gr ?

"`h Vwåhmar H$ënZm h¡, ß`ma H$a bmo Ÿ&ê$ngr Zmar àH¥${V H$m {MÌ h¡ g~go _Zmoha Ÿ&Amo JJZMa ! hm± _Yw_mg N>m`m h¡ Ÿ&

y{_ na CVamo,H$_b, H$ny©a, Hw§$Hw$_ go, Hw$Q>O goBg AVwb gm¡ÝX`© H$m ûm¥§Jma H$a bmo Ÿ&'

OrV AmVm h¡ _hr go ?`m {H$ _oao hr é{Ya H$m amJ`h CR>Vm JJZ _| ?~wb~wbm|-gr \y$Q>Zo bJVt _Ywa ñ_¥{V`m± öX` _|;`mX AmVm h¡ _§{Xa Cëbmg _| \y$bm hþAm dZ`mX AmVm h¡ Va§{JV A§J Ho$ amo_m§M, H$ånZ;ñdU©dUm© dëbar _| \y$b-go {IbVo hþE _wI,

85

`mX AmVm h¡ {Zem Ho$ Ádma _| CÝ_mX H$m gwI Ÿ&H$m_ZmE± àmU H$mo {hbH$moaVr h¢ Ÿ&Mwå~Zm| Ho$ {M• bJ n‹S>Vo ËdMm _| Ÿ&

{\$a {H$gr H$m ñne© nmZo H$mo V¥fm MrËH$ma H$aVr Ÿ&_¢ Z éH$ nmVm H$ht,{\$a bm¡Q> AmVm h±ÿ {nnm{gVeyÝ` go gmH$ma gwf_m Ho$ wdZ _|wÕ go mJo hþE Cg doXZm -{dˆb wJ-gm

Omo H$ht éH$Vm Zht,~oM¡Z Om {JaVm AHw$pÊR>VVra-gm grYo {à`m H$s JmoX _| Ÿ&

My_Vm h±ÿ Xy~ H$mo, Ob H$mo, àgyZm|, nëbdm| H$mo,dëbar H$mo ~m±h â Ca go bJmVm h±ÿ;~mbH$m|-gm _¢ Vwåhmao dj _| _w±h H$mo {N>nm H$aZtX H$s {ZñVãYVm _| Sy>~ OmVm h±ÿ Ÿ&

ZtX Ob H$m òmoV h¡, N>m`m gKZ h¡,ZtX í`m_b _oK h¡, erVb ndZ h¡ Ÿ&

{H$ÝVw, OJ H$a XoIVm h±ÿH$m_ZmE± d{Îm©H$m-gr ~b ahr h¢,{Og Vah nhbo {nnmgm go {dH$b Wt,ß`mg go AmHw$b A^r ^r Ob ahr h¢ Ÿ&amV â, _mZmo, CÝh| XrnH$ -gÑe ObZm n‹S>m hmo,ZtX _|, _mZmo, {H$gr _éXoe _| MbZm n‹S>m hmo Ÿ&{\$a jw{YV H$moB© A{V{W AmdmO XoVm,{\$a AYa-nwQ> ImoOZo bJVo AYa H$mo,

86

H$m_Zm Ny> H$a ËdMm H$mo {\$a OJmVr h¡,a|JZo bJVo ghóm| gm±n gmoZo Ho$ é{Ya _|,MoVZm ag H$s bha _| Sy>~ OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

A~ VbH$ ghgmZ OmZ|, Ü`mZ Imo OmVm H$hm± na Ÿ&gË` hr, ahVm Zht `h kmZ,Vw_ H${dVm, Hw$gw_ m H$m{_Zr hmo Ÿ&AmaVr H$s Á`mo{V H$mo wO _| g_oQ>o_¢ Vwåhmar Amoa AnbH$ XoIVm EH$mÝV _Z goê$n Ho$ CX²J_ AJ_ H$m ôX JwZVm h±ÿ Ÿ&

gm±g _| gm¡a^, Vwåhmao dU© _| Jm`Z âm h¡,gtMVm h±ÿ àmU H$mo Bg JÝY H$s ^tZr bha go,Am¡a A§Jm| H$s {d^m H$s dr{M`m| go EH$ hmoH$a_¢ Vwåhmao a§J H$m g§JrV gwZVm h±ÿ Ÿ&Am¡a {\$a `h gmoMZo bJVm, H$hm±, {H$g bmoH$ _| h±ÿ ?H$m¡Z h¡ `h dZ gKZ h[a`m{b`m| H$m,Py_Vo \y$bm|, bMH$Vr S>m{b`m| H$m ?H$m¡Z h¡ `h Xoe {OgH$s ñdm{_Zr _wP H$mo {ZaÝVadméUr H$s Yma go Zhbm ahr h¡ ?H$m¡Z h¡ `h OJ, g_oQ>o A§J _| Ádmbm_wIr H$moMm±XZr Mw_H$ma H$a ~hbm ahr h¡ ?

H$m¡_wXr Ho$ Bg gwZhao Omb H$m ~b VmobVm hy±EH$ nb CS²>S>rZ hmoZo Ho$ {bE na ImobVm h±ÿ Ÿ&na à §OZ _Îm h¡ Bg ^m§{V ag-Am_moX _|,C‹S> Z gH$Vm, bm¡Q> {JaVm h¡ Hw$gw_ H$s JmoX _| Ÿ&

87

Qy>Q>Vm Vmo‹S>o Zht `h {H$gb`m| H$m Xm_;\y$bm| H$s b‹S>r Omo ~±Y J`r, IwbVr Zht h¡ Ÿ&H$m_ZmAm| Ho$ PH$moao amoH$Vo h¢ amh _oar,ItM boVr h¡ V¥fm nrN>o nH$‹S> H$a ~m±h _oar Ÿ&

{gÝYw-gm CÔm_, Anaånma _oam ~b H$hm± h¡ ?Jy±OVm {Og e{º$ H$m gd©Ì OÒ`H$maCg AQ>b g§H$ën H$m gå~b H$hm± h¡ ?

`h {ebm-gm dj, o MÅ>mZ-gr _oar wOmE±gy © Ho$ AmbmoH$ go Xr{nV, g_wÞV ^mb,_oao àmU H$m gmJa AmJ_, CÎmmb, CÀN>b h¡ Ÿ&gm_Zo {Q>H$Vo Zht dZamO, nd©V S>mobVo h¢,H$m±nVm h¡ Hw$ÊS>br _mao g_` H$m ì`mb,_oar ~m±h _| _méV, "Jé‹S> JOamO H$m ~b h¡ Ÿ&

_Ë © _mZd H$s {dO` H$m Vy © h±ÿ _¢,Cd©er ! AnZo g_` H$m gy © h±ÿ _¢ Ÿ&AÝY V_ Ho$ ^mb na nmdH$ ObmVm h±ÿ~mXbm| Ho$ grg na ñnÝXZ MbmVm h±ÿ Ÿ&

na Z OmZ| ~mV Š`m h¡ !BÝÐ H$m Am wY nwéf Omo Pob gH$Vm h¡,qgh go ~m±h| {_bm H$a Iob gH$Vm h¡,\y$b Ho$ AmJo dhr Aghm` hmo OmVm,e{º$ Ho$ ahVo hþE {Zénm` hmo OmVm Ÿ&

{dÛ hmo OmVm ghO ~§{H$_ Z`Z Ho$ ~mU go,OrV boVr éngr Zmar Cgo _wgH$mZ go Ÿ&

88

_¢ Vwåhmao ~mU H$m ~tYm hþAm IJ,dj na Ya grg _aZm MmhVm h±ÿ Ÿ&_¢ Vwåhmao hmW H$m brbm -H$_b h±ÿ,àmU Ho$ ga _| CVaZm MmhVm h±ÿ Ÿ&

H$m¡Z H$hVm h¡,Vwåh| _¢ N>mo‹S> H$a AmH$me _| {dMaU H$ê±$Jm ?~mhþAm| Ho$ Bg db` _| JmÌ hr dÝXr Zht h¡,dj Ho$ Bg Vën na gmoVr Z Ho$db Xoh,_oao ì`J« ì`mHw$b àmU ^r {dlm_ nmVo h¢ Ÿ&

_Ë © Za H$mo XodVm H$hZm _¥fm h¡,XodVm erVb, _ZwO A±Jma h¡ Ÿ&XodVmAm| H$s ZXr _| Vmn H$s bha| Z CR>Vt,{H$ÝVw Za Ho$ aº$ _| Ádmbm_wIr hþ§H$maVr h¡,Ky{U© m± {MZJm[a`m| H$s ZmMVr h¢,ZmMVo C‹S> H$a XhZ Ho$ IÊS> nÎmm|-go hdm _|,_mZdm| H$m _Z Jbo-{nKbo AZb H$s Yma h¡ Ÿ&

Mm{hE XodËd,na, Bg AmJ H$mo Ya Xy± H$hm± na ?H$m_ZmAm| H$mo {dg{O©V ì`mo_ _| H$a Xy± H$hm± na ?d{• H$m ~oM¡Z h agH$mof, ~mobmo, H$m¡Z boJm ?AmJ Ho$ ~Xbo _wPo gÝVmof, ~mobmo, H$m¡Z XoJm ?

{\$a {XemE± _m¡Z, {\$a CÎma Zht h¡ Ÿ&àmU H$s {Ma-g§{JZr h d{•,BgH$mo gmW boH$a

y{_ go AmH$me VH$ MbVo ahmo Ÿ&

89

_Ë © Za H$m ^m½` !O~ VH$ ào_ H$s Ymam Z {_bVr,Amn AnZr AmJ _| ObVo ahmo Ÿ&

EH$ hr Amem, _éñWb H$s VnZ _|Amo gOb H$mXpå~Zr ! {ga na Vwåhmar N>m±h h¡ Ÿ&EH$ hr gwI h¡, CañWb go bJm h±ÿ Ÿ&J«rd Ho$ ZrMo Vwåhmar ~m±h h¡ Ÿ&

BZ à\w$pëbV àmU-nwînm| _| _wPo emídV eaU Xmo,JÝY Ho$ Bg bmoH$ go ~mha Z OmZm MmhVm h±ÿ Ÿ&_¢ Vwåhmao aº$ Ho$ H$U _| g_m H$aàmW©Zm Ho$ JrV JmZm MmhVm h±ÿ Ÿ&

Cd©erCd©erCd©erCd©erCd©erñdU©Xr, gË` hr, dh {Og_| D${_© m± Zht, Ia nmV Zht;XodVm, eof {OZHo$ _Z _| H$m_Zm, ÛÝÛ n[aVmn Zht Ÿ&Za Amo, OrdZ Ho$ MQw>b doJ ! Vy hmoVm Š`m| BVZm H$mVa ?Vy nwéf VH$, JaO ahm O~ VH$ ^rVa `h d¡ídZa 1

O~ VH$ `h nmdH$ eof, V^r VH$ gIm-{_Ì {Ì wdZ Voam,MbVm h¡ yVb N>mo‹S> ~mXbm| Ho$ D$na ñ`ÝXZ Voam Ÿ&

V~ VH$ `h nmdH$ eof, V^r VH$ {gÝYw g_mXa H$aVm h¡,AnZm g_ñV _{U-aËZ -H$mof MaUm| na bmH$a YaVm Ÿ&nW Zht amoH$Vo qgh, amh XoVr h¡ gKZ AaÊ`mZr.V~ VH$ hr gmdYmZ ahVo ~‹T> H$a AnZmZo H$mo,Aßgam ñdJ© go AmVr h¡ AYam| H$m Mwå~Z nmZo H$mo Ÿ&

90

O~ VH$ `h nmdH$ ef, V^r VH$ ^md ÛÝÛ Ho$ OJVo h¢,~mar-~mar go _hr, ñdJ©, XmoZm| hr gwÝXa bJVo h¢ Ÿ&_aKQ> H$s AmVr `mX V^r VH$ \w$ëb àgyZm| Ho$ dZ _|,gwZo í_emZ H$mo XoI M_obr -Owhr \y$bVr h¢ _Z _| Ÿ&eæ`m H$s `mX V^r VH$ X¡dmb` _| VwPo gVmVr h¡,Am¡ e`Z-H$j _| _y{V© XodVm H$s _Z _| {\$a OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

{H$pËdf Ho$ _b H$m boe Zht, `h {eIm ew « nmdH$ Ho$dbOmo {H$ o Om ahm VwPo X½Y H$a jU-jU Am¡a A{YH$ CÁdb Ÿ&{OVZm hr `h Ia-AZb-Ádma emo{UV _| C_‹S> C~bVm h¡,CVZm hr `m¡dZ AJwé Xrá Hw$N> Am¡a YYH$ H$a ObVm h¡ Ÿ&_¢ Bgr AJwé H$s Vmn-Vá, _Yw_`r JÝY nrZo Am`r,{ZOud ñdJ© H$mo N>mo‹S> y{_ H$s Ádmbm _| OrZo Am`r Ÿ&

~wP Om` _¥{ÎmH$m AZb, ñdJ©nwa H$m Vy BVZm Ü`mZ Z H$a;Omo VwPo Xr{á go gOVr h¡, Cg Ádmbm H$m An_mZ Z H$a Ÿ&Vy Zht OmZVm Bgo, dñVw Omo Bg Ádmbm _| {IbVr h¡,gwa Š`m, gwaoe Ho$ AmqbJZ _| ^r Z H$^r dh {_bVr h¡ Ÿ&`h {dH$b, ì`J«, {dˆb àhf© gwa H$s gwÝXar H$hm± nm o ?àÁd{bV aº$ H$m _Ywa ñne© Z^ H$s Aßgar H$hm± nm o ?

do aŠhrZ ew{M, gm¡å` nwîn Aå~anwa Ho$ erVb gwÝXaX| CÝho| {H$ÝVw, Š`m XmZ ñdßZ {OZHo$ bmo{hV gÝVá`h Vmo Za hr h¡, EH$ gmW Omo erVb Am¡a Ád{bV ^r_pÝXa _| gmYH$-d«Vr, nwîn-dZ _| H$ÝXn© b{bV ^r h¡ Ÿ&`moJr AZÝV {MÝ_`, Aê$n H$mo ê$nm{`V H$aZo dmbm,^moJr ÁdbÝV, a_Ur-_wI na Mwå~Z AYra YaZo dmbm;

_Z H$s Agr_Vm _| {Z~Õ ZjÌ, {nèS>, J«h, {XemH$meVZ _| agpñdZr H$s Ymam, {_Q²>Q>r H$s _¥Xw gm|Yr gwdmg,

91

_mZd _mZd hr Zht, A_¥V -ZÝXZ `h boI A_a ^r h¡dh EH$ gmW Ob-AZb, _¥{Îm-_hXå~a, ja-Aja r Ÿ&

Vy _ZwO Zht, XodVm, H«$mpÝV go _wPo _§Ì -_mo{hV H$a bo{\$a _ZwO -ê$n Yam CR>m Jm‹T> AnZo AmqbJZ _| â_¢ Xmo {dQ>nm| Ho$ ~rM _½Z ZÝht b{VH$m-gr gmo OmD±$,N>moQ>r Va§J-gr Qy>Q> CañWb Ho$ _hrJ« na Imo OmD±$ Ÿ&

Am _oao ß`mao V¥{fV ! lmÝV ! AÝV:nwa _| _{‚mV H$aHo$,ha by±Jr _Z H$s VnZ Mm±XZr, \y$bm| go g{‚mV H$aHo$ Ÿ&ag_`r _oK_mbm ~Z H$a _¢ VwPo Koa N>m OmD±$Jr,\y$bm| H$s N>m±h - Vbo AnZo AYam| H$s gwYm {nbmD±$Jr Ÿ&

***

92

AgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUm

2.2 AkoÀkoÀkoÀkoÀko`2.2.1. OrdZ n[aM` :OrdZ n[aM` :OrdZ n[aM` :OrdZ n[aM` :OrdZ n[aM` :

Ako H$m OÝ_ 7 _B© 1911 H$mo hþAm Ÿ& CZ {XZm| BZHo$ {nVm maVr` nwamVËd {d^mJ _| CƒnX na Wo Ÿ& H${g`m(Hw$erZJa) _| IwXmB© Mb ahr Wr Ÿ& dht IwXmB© {e{da _| hr BZH$m OÝ_ hþAm Ÿ&{nVm H$mo gaH$mar Zm¡H$ar _| Xoe Ho$ AZoH$ mJm| _| OmZm n‹S>m Ÿ& AV: Ako` Zo ì`dpñWV n‹T>mB© Á`mXmZht H$s Ÿ& na§Vw Xoe Am¡a YaVr Ho$ AÜ``` H$m Iy~ _m¡H$m {_bm Ÿ& n§Om~ _| _¡{Q´>H$ Am¡a _Ðmg go B§Q>anmg H$s Ÿ& ~mX _| bmhm¡a go ~r.Eggr. ~Zo Ÿ& Ako H$mo g§ñH¥$V Am¡a A§J«oOr ^mfm H$m AÀN>m kmZWm Ÿ&

Zm¡H$ar H$s ewê$AmV "g¡{ZH$' n{ÌH$m Ho$ g§nmXH$ ê$n _| 1937 _| H$s Ÿ& ~mX _| {demb maV(H$bH$Îmm) Ho$ g§nmXH$ ~Zo Ÿ& Bggo Ako H$m gm{hË`H$ma àH$me _| Am`m Ÿ& A~ CÝhm|Zo Hw$N> g_Àmb B§{S>`m ao{S>`mo _| H$m_ {H$`m Ÿ& Bgo N>mo‹S> goZm _| Zm¡H$ar H$a br Ÿ& goZm _| CÝh| ~_m© Ho$ _moM} na{ÛVr` {díd wÕ H$m àË`j AZw d hþAm Ÿ& Bg_| do Á`mXm {XZ Zht ah gHo$ Ÿ& ñdV§Ì ê$n _| "àVrH$'n{ÌH$m {ZH$mbZm ewê$ {H$`m Ÿ&

nhbr ~ma wZoñH$mo Ho$ Am_§ÌU na {dXoe «_U Ho$ {bE JE Ÿ& `h yamon H$m Xm¡am H$m\$s_hËdnyU© ahm Ÿ& ~mX _| yEg Ho$ Ho${b\$mo{Z© m _| AÜ`mnH$ aho Ÿ& Bg Xm¡amZ nyao A_o[aH$m Ky_Zo H$mAdga {_bm Ÿ& {\$a Vmo ê$g Am¡a wJmoñbmodm{H$`m VH$ «_U {H$`m Ÿ&

1965 _| Ako Or H$mo "{X_mZ' Am¡a {\$a "Zd^maV Q>mBåg' H$m nyam Xm{`Ëd {X`m Ÿ& BgH$snyar Q>r_ AnZo _Z _wVm{~H$ MwZr Ÿ& na§Vw g\$bVm Ho$ {eIa na hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX _wº$ àd¥{Îm Ho$ H${dH$mo h H$m_ N>mo‹S>Zm n‹S>m Ÿ& Hw$N> g_` VH$ Ako Or Zo Zm_daqgh Ho$ gmW OmoYnwa {díd{dÚmb` _|H$m_ {H$`m Ÿ& {\$a {Xëbr Am JE Ÿ& "Z`m àVrH$' AnZo ~yVo na {ZH$mbm Ÿ& na Eogr J¡a ì`mdgm{`H$n{ÌH$m Á`mXm {XZ Zht {Q>H$s Ÿ& AV: Hw$N> {XZ Ho$ {bE \«$m§g Mbo JE Ÿ& Ako H$m `m`mdar _Z ~§YH$a ahZm Zht OmZVm Wm Ÿ& AV: bm¡Q>o {Xëbr _| hr ah JE Ÿ& dht hQ>© AQ>¡H$ go AMmZH$ XohmdgmZ hmoJ`m Ÿ&

ewê$ _| Ako H«$m§{VH$m[a`m| Ho$ gmW aho Ÿ& ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ {bE Jwá ah H$a H«$m§{V H$s _embObmZo H$m à`mg Wm Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE Oob OmZm n‹S>m Ÿ& O~ Xoe ñdV§Ì hþAm Vmo H${d BgH$s gm§ñH¥${VH$

93

nhMmZ Am¡a CgH$s gMoVZVm Ho$ {bE gm§ñH¥${VH$ mÌm | Am`mo{OV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d H$_© Ho$ gmW BgàH$ma H$s g{H«$`Vm CÝh| qhXr gm{hË` _| A{V {d{eï> ~Zm XoVr h¡ Ÿ& H¥$îUOÝ_ y{_ H$s `mÌm Am¡aOmZH$s OrdZ `mÌm Ho$ O[a o gm{hË`H$ma H$mo g§ñH¥${V gMoVZ H$aZo, Cgo Omo‹S>Zo H$m à`mg {H$`m Ÿ&Z_©Xm H$s gm§ñH¥${VH$ `mÌm go nhbo hr do {Xd§JV hmo JE Ÿ&

AZoH$ amï´>r` nwañH$mam| go gå_m{ZV {H$`m J`m Ÿ& 1964 B©. _| "Am§JZ Ho$ nma Ûma' Ho$ {bEH|$Ð gm{hË` AH$mXo_r nwañH$ma àXmZ {H$`m J`m Ÿ& 1978 B©. _| Ako "{H$VZr Zmdm| na {H$VZr ~ma'H$mì` g§H$bZ hoVw maVr` kmZnrR> nwañH$ma go gå_m{ZV hþE Ÿ& na§Vw Bgr nwañH$ma am{e _| BVZr hraH$_ ñd § Omo‹S> H$a EH$ Q´>ñQ> JR>Z {H$`m Ÿ& ZB© nr‹T>r H$mo _mJ©Xe©Z Am¡a g§J{R>V H$aZo CÝhm|Zo"dËgb{Z{Y' Q´>ñQ>\§$S> H$m JR>Z {H$`m Wm Ÿ&

2.2.2 H¥${V`m± :H¥${V`m± :H¥${V`m± :H¥${V`m± :H¥${V`m± :Ako H$s Hw$N> _hËdnyU© H¥${V`m± {ZåZ h¢ :H$mì` - ^½ZXyV, BË`b_, harKmg na jU â, ~mdam Ahoar, Am§JZ Ho$ nma Ûma, {H$VZr

Zmdm| _| {H$VZr ~ma, nhbo _¢ gÞmQ>m ~wZVm h±ÿ Ÿ&CnÝ`mg - eoIa EH$ OrdZr, ZXr Ho$ Ûrn, AnZo AnZo AOZ~rH$Wm g§H$bZ : {dnWJm, O`Xmob, o Voao à{V ê$n Ÿ&{Z~§Y g§H$bZ - AmË_ZonX, g~a§J, d§Vr, A§Vam, g§dËga Ÿ&`mÌm d¥Îm - Vma gáH$ Ho$ Mma I§S> , {d{^Þ nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| _| {bIo g§nmXH$s` Ed§ {Q>ßn{U`m±

^r AË`§V _hËdnyU© XoZ h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> J«§Wm| H$m AZwdmX {H$`m Ÿ& BZ_| OmnmZr hmBHy$ H${dVmAm| H$mo H$m\$sg\$bVm {_br Ÿ&

2.2.3. à`moJdmXr H${dVm Am¡a Ako` :à`moJdmXr H${dVm Am¡a Ako` :à`moJdmXr H${dVm Am¡a Ako` :à`moJdmXr H${dVm Am¡a Ako` :à`moJdmXr H${dVm Am¡a Ako` :qhXr H$mì` _| {ÛdoXr wJ H$s B{Vd¥ÎmmË_H$ H${dVm _| CnXoe Am¡a Zr{VJV g§Xoe H$mo "à_wI

ê$n _| dÊ © dñVw ê$n _| aIm J`m Ÿ& BgHo$ AmJo _mZddmXr nj à_wI ahm Ÿ& ñdmZw y{V H$s {deof ê$n_| A{^ì`{º$ hþB© Ÿ& ûm¥§Jma dU©Z _| H${d Zo _m§gb Am¡a ñWyb {MÌU Ho$ ñWmZ na AVrpÝÐ` Am¡a gyú__mZ{gH$ {MÌU H$mo dar`Vm Xr JB© Ÿ& Bg N>m`mdmXr H$mì` Ymam Ho$ à{V ì`{º$dmXr ^mdYmam à~bhþB© Ÿ& Bg_| N>m`mdmXr gwHw$_ma -H$mo_b H$ënZm Zht Wr Ÿ& àJ{VdmXr H$mì`Ymam H$s R>mog Am¡a éj -ewîH$ ê$n {b o WmW© H$m ê$n Wm Ÿ& H${d wJ _| ah H$a Z o à`moJm| H$s Amoa A{YH$ PwH$m Wm Ÿ& H${dZo H${dVm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go amOZ¡{VH$ _VdmX H$m P§S>m CR>mZo H$mo ^r ñdrH$ma Zht {H$`m Ÿ& AV: 40-41

94

Ho$ Xm¡amZ ~w{ÕdmXr g_mO Am§XbZm| go hQ> H$a Z`rYmam H$s Amoa ~‹T>m Ÿ& H${dVm H$s ZB©-ZB© amhm| H$mAÝdofU Wm, amo_m§{Q>H$ mdwH$Vm go _wº$ ah gmÑí`_ybH$ Ab§H$mam| H$s OJh ñdV: ñ\y$V© àVrH$m| H$mogOrd {~å~m| H$mo gOm`m J`m Ÿ& o hr H$mì`mË_H$ à`moJ Wo {OZ Ho$ H$maU na§nam _| Mbr Am ahrH${dVm go hQ>H$a Z`m ñdmX, ZB© N>{d Am¡a ZB© H$mì` dñVw {bE Wr Ÿ& `h "à`moJdmX' {Zambm _|{_bm Am¡a Ako Zo Bgo R>mog AmH$ma Xo H$a dmX Ho$ ê$n _| n[adŠd H$a {X`m Ÿ& Bg_| à`moJ gmÜ`Wm Ÿ& na§nam H$mo {ZîH«$` H$hm J`m Ÿ& hm± Z o Cn_mZ hr Zht A{^Zd {~å~ moOZm Ho$ O[a o gm_mÝ`H$mo r H${dVm H$m CnmXmZ ~Zm`m Ÿ&

Ako Zo Bg Am§XmobZ H$mo R>mog ê$n {X`m gáH$ na§nam H$m lrJUoe H$a Ho$ Ÿ& nhbm VmagáH$ (1944) Ako gm{hË` _w{º$~moY, Zo{_MÝÐ O¡Z, ^maV yfU AJ«dmb, à^mH$a _mMdo,{J[aOHw$_ma _mWwa, am_{dbmg m_m© H$s H${dVmAm| H$mo bo H$a gm_Zo Am`m Ÿ& Ako Zo {bIm , o H${d{^Þ-{^Þ {dMmaYmam , {^Þ H$mì` _yë`m| H$mo, boH$a aM aho h¢ Ÿ& aMZmH$ma AÝdofH$ Zht, ZyVZ amhHo$ nWmÝdofr h¢ `hr BZ_| g~go gm_mÝ` ~mV h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ AmR> df© ~mX 1951 _| Xygam gáH$ Am`m Ÿ&BgHo$ à_wI aMZmH$ma hþE : dmZràgmX {_l, eHw$ÝVbm _mWwa, h[aZmamÙ ì`mg, e_eoa ~hmXwa,Zaoe Hw$_ma _ohVm, aKwdra ghm`, Y_©dra ^maVr Ÿ& hmbm§{H$ AnZo -AnZo dº$ì` _| BÝhm|Zo AnZoamOZ¡{VH$ {dMmam| H$mo aIm Ÿ& {\$a ^r {damoYr {dMma ahZo na ^r BZH$mo Cgr à`moJ H$s H$gm¡Q>r Ho$AmYma na EH$ g§H$bZ _| aIm Ÿ& à`moJdmX H$m _hËd à{V{ð>V hmo MwH$m Wm Ÿ& ZB© nr‹T>r Bg_| amOZr{Vgo hQ> H$a H${dH$_© Ho$ AmYma na Ow‹S>r Ÿ& Vrgao gáH$ _| H$s{V© Mm¡Yar, _XZdmËñ`m`Z, Ho$XmaZmWqgh, Hw§$da ZmamÙ, {dO`Xod ZmamÙ gmhr Ed§ gd}ída X`mb gŠgoZm H$mo em{_b {H$`m Ÿ& BgH$màH$meZ 1959 _| hþAm Ÿ&

Bg Ymam _| nwamZr na§nam go hQ>H$a Z`m _mJ© AWnZm`m Ÿ& `h H$mì`m§XmobZ H${dVm _|{d{eï>rH$aU H$mo _hËd Xo ahm h¡ Ÿ& àM{bV mfm H$mo Z o wJ H$s A{^ì`{º$ _| Ag_W© nm ahm h¡ Ÿ&AV: Z o -Z o àVrH$ Am¡a Z o go Z o {~å~ boH$a H${dVm Am`r Ÿ& Bg_| Z o qMVZ Ho$ gmW-gmWEH$ZyVZ AÝdofr H$s Ñ{ï> boH$a Mbo Ÿ& BZH$m ZoV¥Ëd Ako Zo {H$`m, BZH$m {díbofU Ako Zo {H$`mAm¡a àH$meZ Ho$ O[a o ñWmnZm _| Ako Zo _hËdnyU© y{_H$m br h¡ Ÿ&

Hw$N> AmbmoMH$m| H$m _mZZm h¡ {H$ Ako Zo h ZyVZ Ymam _ybV: npíM_r H$mì`Ymam H$s VO©na H$s h¡ Ÿ& do _mZVo Wo - ~§X Ka _| àH$me nyd© `m npíM_ `m {H$gr ^r {ZpíMV {Xem go AmVm h¡ -na dh Iwbo AmH$me _| g^r Amoa g_m`m ahVm h¡ Ÿ& do EH$ {Xem go à^m{dV Zht h¢ Ÿ& BYa B{b`Q>- EOam nmC§S> H$mo boH$a AÝdogr ~Zo h¢ Ÿ& H${d Y_©, amOZr{V H$m AÝdogr Zht hmoVm Ÿ& dh AmË_mÝdofrh¡ Ÿ& dhm± Omo AZw y{V {_bVr h¡, dh H${dVm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& Cgo H${d ~w{Õ na H$gH$a naIVm h¡ Ÿ& `hm± na H${d Ho$ {bE gmÌ©, B{b`Q>, H${_©½g H$m _hËd ^r H$_ Zht Ÿ& Ako Q>rEg

95

B{b`Q>, H$s Vah ì`{º$JV ^md Am¡a H$mì`JV ^md XmoZm| H$m AbJ ApñVËd _mZVo h¢ Ÿ& H$mì` H$modo {Zd} º$rH$aU H$s Ymam _| aIVo h¢ Ÿ& dh gË` ì`{º$~Õ Zht, ì`mnH$ h¡ Ÿ&

Ako _| àVrH$ Am¡a {~å~ H$m g_mhma XoIH$a \«$m§grgr H$mì`Ymam _| àVrH$ d {~å~ ñ_aU_| VmOm hmo OmVo h¢ Ÿ& Ako` Ho$ o àVrH$ gmW©H$ Am¡a à^mdr ~Zo h¢ Ÿ& "gm§n' H${dVm Bg_| Iy~ à{gÕh¡ Ÿ& "{OOr{dfm' Ho$ {bE "hm§\$Vr _N>br' H$m {~å~ ê$n ~hþV gamhm J`m Ÿ& aoV H$m ApñWaVm Am¡agmJa H$mo {d{dY hbMbm|, "g§Kfm] go âo OrdZ H$m àVrH$ ñdrH$ma {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& "doñQ>b|S>' _| O¡go{d{dY Y_m] H$mo {b`m, Ako Zo r "H«$m|M dY' H$m àVrH$ {b`m h¡ Ÿ& hmbm§{H$ do ì §½`mo{º$ H$a aho h¢ -

H«$m¢M ~¡R>m hmo H$^r dë_rH$ naVmo _V g_Pdh AZwïw>n ~m§MVm h¡, g§{JZr Ho$ ñ_aU Ho$OmZ bo dh Xr_H$m| H$s Q>moh _| h¡ Ÿ&''

Cgr Vah H${d Zo "EH$bì`' H$m àVrH$ boH$a ÐmoUmMm © na {ZemZm gmYm h¡ Ÿ& ~w{ÕOrdr H$mo"_w{Z' ê$n _| ì`º$ H$a àVrH$ ~Zm`m Ÿ& Ako grYo ê$n _| {MÌU H$mo Zht _mZVo, AÝ`mo{º$ H$m ghmamboVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| AYyao H$WZm| Ho$ Ûmam O{Q>b g§doXZm H$mo ì`º$ H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& H${d Zo H$mì`dñVw, e¡br,N>§X, VwH$ Am{X {d{^Þ ñVam| na ZyVZ à`moJ {H$ o h¢ Ÿ&

do ào_, àU` H$mo X¡dr-XmZdr ê$n _| Zht boVo Ÿ& CgH$m _mZdr ê$n A§JrH$ma H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& {dahHo$ jUm| _| hmoZo dmbr nr‹S>m H$mo do {N>nmVo Zht, ñnï>V: H$hVo h¢ :

"ào_ H$mo {Ma EoŠ` H$moB© _y‹T> hmoJm Vmo H$hoJm Ÿ&{dah H$s nr‹S>m Z hmo Vmo ào_ Š`m OrVm ahoJm Ÿ&''

H$[d ì`{º${Zð> h¡ Ÿ& H«$m§{V `m g_mO{dÐmoh H$s ~mV AbJ h¡ Ÿ& H${d H$^r àH¥${V H$sa_Ur`Vm _| em§{V nmVm h¡, H$^r àmH¥${VH$ EH$m§V g_{n©V hmo ahm h¡ Ÿ&

""`h Iwbm dramZ g§g¥{V H$m KZm hmo {g_Q> AmVm h¡ -Am¡a _¢ EH$m§V hmoVm h±ÿ g_{n©V Ÿ&''

Bgr_| H${d jUâ H$s AZw y{V H$mo _hËd XoVo h¢ Ÿ& OrdZ H$m ha jU A_moK h¡, Ako h¡,ñdV§Ì Am¡a ñdÀN>ÝX h¡ Ÿ&

Bgr _| OrdZ H$s Jhar BÀN>m go wº$ h¡ Ÿ& `§H$a Am§Yr _| n‹S>H$a h mdZm XyZr hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ&g_ñ`mAm| go {Ka H$a r OrdZ OrZo H$s V‹S>\$ h¡ Ÿ& h mdZm H${d Zo ~ma-~ma "OrdZ N>m`m', "gmoZ_N>br' "~Zm Xo {MVoao' Am{X H${dVmAm| _| ì`º$ hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ&

Bg_| H${d g_mO _| \¡$br Hw§$R>m, KwQ>Z, ~o~gr H$s ~mV H$hVm h¡ Ÿ& na ZyVZ gm¡ÝX`© ~moY

96

CZH$m bú` h¡ Ÿ& _mZmo nwamZo Cn_mZ _¡bo hmo JE h¢ Ÿ& àmMrZ Cn_mZm| àVrH$m| go hQ> H$a Z`r nÕ{VboH$a gm¡ÝX © {MÌ Am§H$ ahm h¡ Ÿ&

""bhbhmVr hdm _|H$bJr N>ahar ~mOao H$s Ÿ&''

AnZr {à`m Ho$ {bE Z o Cn_mZ, Z o {~å~ à`moJ H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& gmW _| AmË_m -na_mË_m Ho${MÌU _| r nrN>o Zht h¡ Ÿ& AmË_m dYy h¡, na_mË_m H$mo _hmeyÝ` H$hm h¡ Ÿ& CgHo$ {ddmh H$s ~mV H$aahm h¡ :

""Aar Amo AmË_m arH$Ý`m mobr Šdm§ar,_hmeyÝ` Ho$ gmW ^m§da§o Voar aMr J`r Ÿ&''

H${d Jm¡V_ ~wÕ H$s H$éUm nma{_Vm go r à^m{dV h¡ Ÿ& "_hm_m¡Z', "A{d^mÁ`'," Aà_o ',"eãXhrZ' O¡go eãX à`moJ Aén Ho$ g§gma _| g~ ê$nm| _| CnbpãY H$m g§Ho$V h¡ Ÿ& H$éUm _¢ ^r, ào_go do g_n©U ^md _| Om aho h¢ Ÿ&

H${d H$m amo_ amo_ Xoe ào_ _| a_m h¡ Ÿ& H$Qw> ì §½` {bIHo$ CgH$s Xwéh pñW{V H$m {MÌm§{H$VH$a ahm h¡ Ÿ&

H${d H$s ^mfm H$s VmOJr AnZm {deof ê$n h¡ Ÿ& I‹S>r ~mobr H$m gm{hpË`H$ ê$n h¡ Ÿ& na§VwHw$N> H${dVmAm| _| g§ñH¥$V{Zð>, VËg_ àYmZ mfm H$m à`moJ h¡ Ÿ& bo{H$Z ~mX _| EH$ Xm¡a AmVm h¡ O~H${d gab, gw~moY, VX² d àYmZ ^mfm AnZm ahm h¡ Ÿ& {\$a ~mobMmb H$s gm_mÝ` ^mfm na CVaAmVm h¡ Ÿ& bmoH$àM{bV eãXm| H$mo H$mì` ê$n àXmZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma {~å~ {dYmZ _| Ako H$mAnZm à`moJ h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| do Ñí` {~å~ ({g[ag Zo bmb ~oUr ~m§Y br), lì` {~å~ ( Pm§P H$s\w$\$H$ma, VmV)K«mVì` {~å~ ( Xya hr go Vwåhmar Xoh)

AmñdmÚ {~å~ ({OZ Am±Im| H$mo Vw_ Zo Jham~Vbm`m WmCZgo a -â _¢Zoê$n Vwåhmam {n`m) Am{X B§pÝÐ`m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {~å~ aMo h¢ Ÿ& BgHo$ Abmdm

^mdm| (a{V, AmH«$moe {OOr{dfm H$éUm gwI-Xw:I) Am{X go Z o {~å~ aMo h¢H$ I J K

H$) dmgZm Ho$ n§H$-gr \¡$br hþB© Wr

97

I) Y_© h_mam Zï> hmo J`m Ap½ZY_© h_ öX` Ya|JoJ) CN>br hþB© _N>br {OgH$s _amo‹S>r hþB© Xoh - dëbr _| CgH$s {OOr{dfm H$s CËH$Q> AmVwaVm _wIa h¡ Ÿ&K) {Og_| hmo Vra§Y« Vwåhmar H$éUm ~§Q>Vr ahVr h¡ {XZ -`m_ Ÿ&&AmJo Mb H$a H${d Zo AZoH$ AmÜ`mpË_H$ {~å~m| (OrdZ, Ord, ~«÷, _m`m, na_mË_m) H$mo

g¥OZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& BZH$m H$bmË_H$ gm¡ÝX © Ñï>ì` h¡ :1. Xya dmgr _rV _oao !

nh±þM Š`m gH|$Jo Vw_ VH$ H$m§nVo o JrV _oao Ÿ&Ÿ 2. yW g¥{ï>, {H$ÝVw òï>m H$m Owa VyZo nhMmZ {b`m h¡

3. Amo AmË_m ar Vy J`r darAmo g§n¥º$m, Amo n[aUrVm_hmeyÝ` Ho$ gmW ^m§da§o Voar aMr J`t Ÿ&

Ako Ho$ àma§{^H$ g¥OZ H$mb _| AZoH$ nma§n[aH$ N>§X (C^` _m{ÌH$ Ed§ d{U©H$ N>§X O¡go -~a>d¡, h[aJr{VH$m, amobm, _m{bZr, {eI[aUr, _§XmH«$m§Vm) à`moJ {_bVo h¢ Ÿ& H${d Yrao-Yrao

emór` N>§Xm| go hQ> H$a _wº$ N>§X H$s Amoa ~‹T> JE Ÿ& do ~§Yo hþE N>§X N>mo‹S>H$a Ho$db _wº$ N>§X Ho$ H${dhmo JE Ÿ& ewê$ _| Omo JrV {bIo, dh Ymam ^r Nw>Q> JB© Ÿ& bmoH$ YwZ ^r _wº$ Ymam _| Zht ~¡R>Vr Ÿ& AV:Ako Zo b`, Vw_ H$s nadmh {H$ o {~Zm, BZHo$ H«$_ H$mo g§Omo o {~Zm H${dVm {bIr Ÿ& hmbm§{H$ BZ_|A§Vb©` Ty>§T> gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw ~mX _| JÚ O¡go XrIVo _wº$ N>§X _| h¡ Am¡a JÚmË_H$ N>§X ^r Ÿ& O¡go -

Amo {demb Vé !JV ghò nëbdZ - nVPam| Zo {OgH$m {ZV ê$n g§dmam{H$VZr ~agmVm|, {H$VZo IÚmoVm| Zo AmaVr CVmar Ÿ&{XZ ^m§¡ao H$m JmE Jw§Om[aV,amVm| _| {Pëbr Zo AZWH$ _§Jb JmZ gwZm o Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma Ako Zo {eën Ho$ ZyVZ CnH$aU aIo h¢ Ÿ& Z`r H${dVm _| à`moJ Ho$ _mJ©Xe©H$ Akoaho h¢ Ÿ&

98

2.2.4. "AgmÜ` drUm' H$m H$Wm gma : "AgmÜ` drUm' H$m H$Wm gma : "AgmÜ` drUm' H$m H$Wm gma : "AgmÜ` drUm' H$m H$Wm gma : "AgmÜ` drUm' H$m H$Wm gma :"AgmÜ` drUm' Ako H$s gdm©{YH$ b§~r H${dVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| H$WmZH$ AË §V g§{já h¡ Ÿ&

_w»`V: h mdàYmZ H${dVm h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m AmYma OmnmZr bmoH$ H$Wm h¡ Ÿ&EH$ amOm Wm Ÿ& CÎmamI§S> Ho$ nd©V àXoe go EH$ drUm AmB© Ÿ& CgH$m {Z_m©U ~O«H$s{V© Zo

AË §V àmMrZ, _§ÌnyV {H$arQ>r Vé go {H$`m Wm Ÿ& Cg {dmmb Vé H$s O‹S>§o nmVmb bmoH$ VH$ nh±þM MwH$sWr Ÿ& dmgw{H$ ZmJ Cg erVbVm _| \$Z {Q>H$m H$a gmoVm Ÿ& AZoH$ OmZo-_mZo H$bmH$mam| Zo Cgo ~OmZo,gmYZo H$m à`ËZ {H$`m Ÿ& g~ Ag_W© aho Ÿ& H$moB© kmZr JwUr g\$b Zht hþAm Ÿ& AV: dh drUm"AgmÜ` drUm' Ho$ Zm_ go »`mV hmo JB© Ÿ&

amOm H$s g^m _| Ho$eH§$dbr, Jw\$mJoh go {à`d§X nYmao Wo Ÿ& CZHo$ AmJo drUm H$m àñVmd aImJ`m Ÿ& {n« §dX Zo {dZ_« ña _| ñdrH$ma {H$`m Ÿ& drUm H$mo boH$a CÝhm|Zo JmoX _| aIm Ÿ& _m¡Z md go AnZoH$mo emoYZo bJo Ÿ& do ñd`§ H$mo {H$arQ>r Vé H$mo gm¢n aho Wo Ÿ& {H$arQ>r Vé Am¡a CgHo$ n[adoe _| Sy>~ JE Ÿ&CÝh| g~ ñ_aU h¡ Ÿ& na ñd`§ H$mo ^yb aho h¢ Ÿ& AnZo go nao brZ h§¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo ñd`§ H$mo Vé, ZmX_`g§g¥{V Am¡a agßbmdZ Ho$ à{V g_{n©V H$a {X`m Ÿ& Bg V_m_ g_n©U H$s pñW{V _| drUm PZPZmCR>r Ÿ& g~ Ho$ VZ _| {~Obr H$s Vah EH$ amo_m§M Xm¡‹S> J`m Ÿ& drUm _| Eogm ñd § y g§JrV CVa Am`m Ÿ&_mZmo Bg_| ~«÷m H$m AI§S> Aeof à^m_` _m¡Z hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

g~ Cg_| Sy>~ OmVo h¢ Ÿ& g~Zo AbJ -AbJ ñda gwZm Ÿ& amOm Zo AbJ gwZm Ÿ& _mZmo Xya H$htXw§X^r ~O ahr h¡ Ÿ& amOm H$m _wHw$Q> {H$[aQ>r Ho$ _wHw$Q> - gm hbH$m hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& B©î`m©, _hXmH$m§jm ,Ûof, MmQw>Vm Am{X nwamZo Imob Pa JE Ÿ& amZr Zo AbJ gwZm Ÿ& _mZmo ~Xbr H$h ahr h¡ _{U _m{UH$,hma, nmQ>-dó g~ A§YH$ma Ho$ H$U h¢ Ÿ& AmbmoH$ Ho$db AZÝ` ào_ h¡ Ÿ& CgH$m ag^ma _oK KoaVm h¡ Ÿ&amOm - amZr Ho$ Abmdm g~Zo dh g§JrV AnZo -AnZo T>§J go gwZm Ÿ& {H$gr H$mo à w H$m _w{º$ dMZWm Ÿ& {H$gr Ho$ {bE AmV§H$ _w{º$ AmídmgZ Wm Ÿ& {H$gr H$mo {VOmoar _| gmoZo H$s IZH$ Wm Ÿ& {H$gr Ho${bE Ag} ~mX ~V©Z _| AÞ H$s _hH$ Wm Ÿ& {H$gr Ho$ {bE Zdobr ~hÿ Ho$ nm`b H$s P§H$ma Wr Ÿ& {H$grHo$ {bE {eew H$s {H$bH$ Ÿ& BgHo$ ~mX drUm _yH$ hmo OmVr h¡ Ÿ& amOm Zo AmZÝX _| a H$a "gmYw-gmYw'H$hm Am¡a amZr Zo gmV b‹S> H$s _mbm A{n©V H$s Ÿ& OZVm ^r {d^moa hmo CR>r Ÿ&

{à`d§X Zo drUm dmXZ H$m lo Zht {b`m Ÿ& Z_ñH$ma H$a AnZm H§$~b boH$a Jw\$m Joh H$sAmoa Mbm J`m Ÿ&

2.2.5. H$mì`mË_H$ JwU :H$mì`mË_H$ JwU :H$mì`mË_H$ JwU :H$mì`mË_H$ JwU :H$mì`mË_H$ JwU :Ako AË §V gVH©$ aMZmH$ma h¢ Ÿ& CZH$s H¥${V`m| _| {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ à`moJ {_bVo h¢ Ÿ& Omo

99

^r {bIVo h¢ CgH$m {df`, ^mfm, e¡br g~_| CZH$s AnZr gOJ Ñ{ï> hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& Bg H${dVm _| doA§VÑ©{ï> go gO©Z Ho$ ahñ` H$s JwpËW`m§ Imob aho h¢ Ÿ& aMZmË_H$Vm _| nyU© g_n©U H$s _m§J ahVr h¡ Ÿ&BgHo$ AZÝVa ahr CƒH$mo{Q> H$s H$bmË_H$ g§ mdZm H$mo àñVwV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& H$bmH$ma O~{damQ> g¥{ï> Ho$ gmW AmË_r`Vm H$m AZw d H$aVm h¡, H$bmË_H$ g§doXZm OmJVr h¡ Ÿ& Bg H${dVm _|~mobMmb Ho$ eãXm| H$m gQ>rH$ à`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& (O¡go bwJ‹S>m, ~{h`m, hþAZ ...)

bo{H$Z g_yMr H${dVm H$m {_OmO A{ÔmV h¡ Ÿ& g§ñH¥$V nXmdbr Am¡a ~rM-~rM _| g_mgwº$ à`moJ Ho$ H$maU h H${dVm {deof ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¡ Ÿ& {à §dX {dZ_« AmË_ gmYZ H$m _mJ©

AnZmVm h¡ Ÿ& ñd § H$mo emoYZ h¡ Ÿ& nyU© g_n©U H$a AmË_ {dñ_¥{V H$s gmYZm H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& AnZo Ah§H$mo nyar Vah b` H$a XoVm h¡ Ÿ& Ako Zo Bg Z o ê$n _| H$bmË_H$ AZw d H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& `hm±`h ~mV {deof CëboIZr` h¡ {H$ Ako H$m ì`{º$dmX ewê$ go hr h¡ Ÿ& dh ~hþV à»`mV Zht h¡ Ÿ&AË §V A{ÔmV Am¡a n[aîH¥$V h¡ Ÿ& EH$m§V qMVZ H$mo A{YH$ _hËd Xo aho h¢ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma ñnï> h¡ {H$Ako Zo AI§S> OrdZ gË` H$s ì`m»`m H$a EH$ {deof Vah Ho$ AÜ`mË_ Am¡a ahñ`dmX H$mo ê$nm{`V{H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg AgmÜ` drUm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Omo gË` aIVo h¢, dh H$bm-g¥OZ H$s à{H«$`m h¡ Ÿ& `hAmYw{ZH$ MoVZm H$mo Xem©Vr h¡ Ÿ& g¥OZmË_H$Vm H$s g_ñ`m Vmo wJm| nwamZr h¡ Ÿ& na Ako` Zo Bg T>§J go{g{Õ AWm©V² H$bmË_H$ {g{Õ H$s ~mV àñVwV H$s h¡ Ÿ& `h H$mì`mË_H$ {g{Õ H$s ~mV h¡ Omo H${d ZoKmoa ~m¡{ÕH$ Am¡a ^m¡{VH$dmXr wJ _| gË` H$hr h¡ Ÿ& nma§n[aH$ AmÜ`m{Ë_H$ MoVZm, AZw d `mCnbpãY H$s mfm hm± Zht h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo{à`d§X Ho$ _m¡Z, g_n©U, Ah§bmon Am{X Ho$ ê$n _| "AgmÜ`drUm'_| H$bmË_H$ AZw d, H$bmË_H$ gmYZm Am¡a H$bm g¥OZ H$s _yb yV pñW{V`m| H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

Bg {_WH$s` n[adoe H$mo H${d Zo ñnï>V: nwamH$WmZH$m|, nwam nmÌm| Am¡a ^mdm| Ho$ CëboI goAmYw{ZH$Vm go Omo‹S>m h¡ Ÿ& BZ n§pŠ`m| _| Ðï>ì` h¡ :

Am¡a gwZm h¡ -O‹S> CgH$s Om nh±þMr Wr nmVmbbmoH$,CgH$s J§Y àdU erVbVm go \$U {Q>H$m ZmJdmgwH$s gmoVm Wm Ÿ&

* * *

Or{dV dhr {H$arQ>r Vé{OgH$s O‹S> dmgw{H$ Ho$ \$U na Wr AmYm[aV{OgHo$ H§$Ym| na ~mXb gmoVo Wo Ÿ&''

`h {H$arQ>r Vé O‹S> go H§$Yo VH$ {demb Xyar H$m _mÜ`_ h¡ Ÿ& emIm | AmH$me _| \¡$br h§¡ Ÿ&

100

`hm± XoeH$mb H$s AI§S>Vm H$mo ì`º$ H$a {H$arQ>r Vé H$mo gd©H$mbrZ Am¡a gd©ì`mnr ê$n _| ì`º$ H$aahm h¡ Ÿ& Ako Zo hm± {_WH$s` n[adoe àñVwV {H$`m h¡, CgH$m {Zdm©h Am{X go A§V VH$ {H$`m Ÿ& A§V_| do CgH$m CÝ_moMZ Z H$a drUm Ho$ ñdV: ~O CR>Zo H$s {_WH$s` ñW{V _| _mZmo AmË_H$Wm H$h ahoh¢ Ÿ& H$mì`mZw d Am¡a H$bmg¥OZ H$m `h CëboI ñnîQ> hmo ahm h¡ :

""{à` nmR>H$ ! `m| _oar dmUr ^r _m¡Z hþB© Ÿ&''

H${d H$m h H$WZ nyar H${dVm H$m AmË_naH$$ ê$n g§Ho${VV$ H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ&{à`d§X H$m g§Ho$V,Ohm± dh nwZ: Jw\$m _| Mbm OmVm h¡, {_WH$s` KQ>Zm àdmh H$s n[aU{V na àH$me S>mb ahm h¡ Ÿ&

2.2.6. eãXmW© : eãXmW© : eãXmW© : eãXmW© : eãXmW© :{à`d§X = {à` ~mobZo dmbm & Ho$eH§$~br = EH$ gmYH$ H$m Zm_ , Ho$e hr {OgH$m AdaU

h¡ & Jw\$m Joh = Jw\$m {OZ H$m J¥h h¡ & ~O«H$s{V© = EH$ àmMrZ gmYH$ H$m Zm_ Ÿ& _§ÌnyV = _§Ìm| gon{dÌ H$s JB© & {H$arQ>r = EH$ d¥j H$m Zm_ & H${Q> -ew§S>mo = hmWr H$s gy§T> & n[aÌmU = ajm & dëH$b= d¥j H$s N>mb & nam yV = nam{OV & gmoY = ImoO, g§ñH$ma XoZm & A§J -An§J = A§J -^§J H$a~VmZm & R>oH$m = V~bo H$s Vmb & `yW = Pw§S> & ~{h`m = ~hZodmbr & VbhQ>r = har KmQ>r & hþŠH$m= hþ§H$maZm & Ym{dV = Xm¡‹S>Vo hþE & V§Ðmbg - Ambñ` nyU© & {Z:g§»` = Ag§»` & gdËgm = nwÌg{hV & ñda g§^ma = ñdam| H$mo g§~b XoZodmbm & N>m`m Vn = Yyn N>m§d & nQ>dó = aoe_rH$n‹S>o & _oIbm = VJ‹S>r & AmñnYm© = hmo‹S> & M_am¡Yo = M_‹S>o Ho$ OyVo & Z{Q²>Q>Z = ZV©H$s & _hmO§= ~‹S>r OåhmB© & g§YrV = g_pÝdV & {dbJ = {^Þ & {Vao = V¡a JE & {Pno = PnH$sbr & de§dX =de _| hmo & gVb‹S>r _mb = gmV b{‹S>`m| H$s aËZ _mbm & ñda{OV² = ñda OrVZo dmbm & XrR> =Ñ{ï> & XwbamVr = ñZoh -bm‹S> H$aVr & AmdO©Z = {ZfoY & VWVm = gË`Vm & A{d^m§S>d = AI§S> &AZmá = _mnhrZ & AÐ{dV = ÐdUerbVm a{hV & Aào = AZw_mZ a{hV & Joh -Jw\$m = Jw\$m H$mJ¥h &2.2.7. Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ : ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE àg§J :ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE àg§J :ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE àg§J :ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE àg§J :ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE àg§J :

i) dO«H$s{V© ! àmMrZ {H$arQ>r .....Š`m h¡ AgmÜ` ?ii) Zht, Zht ! drUm h> ..... {dlm§V nm | Ÿ&iii) hm±, _wPo ñ_aU h¡ ..... nwbH$V br`_mZ Ÿ&iv) ghgm drUm PZPZm ..... {ZN>mda dh H$a XoJm Ÿ&

101

v) g~ Sy>~o, {Vao, {Pno ..... YÝ` YÝ` Ÿ&vi) g§JrVH$ma drUm H$mo ..... _m¡Z hþB© Ÿ&

AmbmoMZmË_H$ XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :AmbmoMZmË_H$ XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :AmbmoMZmË_H$ XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :AmbmoMZmË_H$ XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :AmbmoMZmË_H$ XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :

H$) "AgmÜ` drUm' Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$s {deofVm na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&I) "AgmÜ` drUm' Ho$ H$mì` ê$n H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&J) bo~r H${dVm Ho$ AmYma na "AgmÜ` drUm' H$s g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&K) "AgmÜ` drUm' Ho$ CÔoí` na àH$me S>m{bEL>) à`moJdmXr H${dVm Ho$ ê$n _| "AgmÜ` drUm' H$s g_rjm H$s{ME Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :

i) drUm H$mo AgmÜ` Š`m| H$hm J`m ?ii){à`d§X H$m n[aM` Xr{OE ?iii) drUm H$m ñda {H$gZo H¡$go gwZm ?iv)drUm H¡$go ~Or ?v) drUm ~OZo H$m Š`m à^md n‹S>m ?

A{Vg§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : A{Vg§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : A{Vg§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : A{Vg§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : A{Vg§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :

i) drUm H$m {Z_m©U {H$gZo {H$`m ?ii) drUm {H$g d¥j go {Z{_©V Wr ?iii) H${dVm _| Ñí`{~å~ H$m CXmhaU Xr{OE ?iv)drUm H¡$go ~O CR>r .....{à`d§X Zo ~Om`m Ÿ&v)"Ako ' H$m nyam Zm_ {b{IE &vi) Ako a{MV Xmo H$mì`J«§Wm| Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE Ÿ&vii) "Am¡a H$mZ _| {OgHo$ {h_{J[a H$hVo Wo AnZo ahñ` Ÿ&''

Cº$ n§{º$ _| "{OgHo$' {H$gHo$ {bE à wº$ h¡ ?viii) H${dVm _| h n§{º$ H$m¡Z H$hVm h¡ -

""_¢ VwPo gwZy§XoIy§ Ü`mD±$

102

A{Z_of, ñãY, g§ wV, {Zdm©H$''ix) g§Ý`mgr Zo drUm H$hm± aIr ?x) H${dVm _| :

H$) g¥OZ H$m ahñ` aoIm§{H$V h¡ Ÿ&I) ào_ {MÌU hþAm h¡ Ÿ&J) ^maVr` àmMrZ H$Wm H$mo AmYma {b`m h¡K) H${dVm nyar VwH$m§V N>§X _| aMr h¡ Ÿ&

Cº$ {dH$ënm| _| ghr {dH$ën MwZ H$a dmŠ` nyam H$a {b{IE Ÿ&

2.2.8. Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W :1. "Ako ' - g§. {dídZmW àgmX {Vdmar2. AmO Ho$ bmoH${à` H${d Ako - S>m°. {dÚm{Zdmg {_l3. "Ako ' Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ aMZm H$s g_ñ`m - S>m°. am_ñdê$n MwVd}Xr4. Ako Am¡a ZB© H${dVm - S>m°. M§ÐH$bm {ÌnmR>r5. Vma gáH$ (I.II,III) y{_H$m ^mJ6. Ako H$m H$mì` - S>m°. n[aVmof_{U {ÌnmR>r7. gXmZram ( Ako )

103

AgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUmAgmÜ` drUm

Am J o {à §dX ! Ho$eH$å~br ! Jw\$m-Joh !amOm Zo AmgZ {X`m ! H$hm :H¥$VH¥$Ë` hþAm _¢ VmV ! nYmao Amn !âmogm h¡ A~ _wP H$mogmY AmO _oao OrdZ H$s nyar hmoJr !

bKw g§Ho$V g_P amOm H$mJU Xm¡‹S>o ! bm o AgmÜ` drUm,gmYH$ Ho$ AmJo aI CgH$mo, hQ> J o Ÿ&g^r H$s CËgwH$ Am±I|EH$ ~ma drUm H$mo bI, {Q>H$ J`t{à`§dX Ho$ Mohao na Ÿ&

`h drUm CÎmamI§S> Ho$ {J[a-àmÝVa go- KZo dZm| _| Ohm± Vnñ`m H$aVo h¢ d«VMmar -~hþV g_` nhbo Am`r Wr Ÿ&nyam Vmo B{Vhmg Z OmZ gHo$ h_ :{H$ÝVw gwZm h¡dO«H$s{V© Zo _ÝÌnyV {OgA{V àmMrZ {H$arQ>-Vé go Bgo J‹T>m Wm -Cg Ho$ H$mZm| _| {h_-{eIa ahñ` H$hm H$aVo Wo AnZo,H$ÝYm| na ~mXb gmoVo Wo,{h_-dfm© go nyao dZ - yWm| H$m H$a boVr Wt n[aÌmU,H$moQ>a _| ^mby ~gVo Wo,Ho$h[a CgHo$ dËH$b go H$ÝYo IwObmZo AmVo Wo Ÿ&

104

Am¡a -gwZm h¡ - O‹S> CgH$s Om nh±þMr Wr nmVmb-bmoH$,CgH$s J«ÝW -àdU erVbVm go \$Z> {Q>H$m ZmJ ~mgw{H$ gmoVm Wm Ÿ&

Cgr {H$arQ>r-Vé go dO«H$s{V Zogmam OrdZ Bgo J‹T>m :hR> -gmYZm hr Wr Cg gmYH$ H$s -drUm nyar hþB©, gmW gmYZm- gm hr OrdZ - brbm Ÿ&amOm éHo$ gm±g bå~r boH$a {\$a ~mobo :_oao hma J o g~ OmZo-_mZo H$bmdÝV,g~ H$s {dÚm hmo J`r AH$maW, Xn© MyaH$moB© kmZr JwUr AmO VH$ Bgo Z gmY gH$m Ÿ&A~ `h AgmÜ` drUm hr »`mV hmo J`r Ÿ&na _oam A~ ^r h¡ {dídmgH¥$ÀN´>-Vn dO«H$s{V© H$m ì`W© Zht Wm Ÿ&drUm ~moboJr Adí`, na V^rBgo O~ gƒm-ñdam©gÕ JmoX _| boJm Ÿ&VmV ! {à §dX ! bmo, `h gå_wI ahr VwåhmaodO«H$s{V© H$s drUm,`h _¢, `h amZr, âr g^m `h :g~ CXJ«, n ©wËgwH$,OZ-_mÌ àVrj_mU !

Ho$eH$å~br Jw\$m-Joh Zo Imobm H$å~b Ÿ&YaVr na Mwn-Mmn {~N>m`m Ÿ&drUm Cg na aI, nbH$ _y±X H$a àmU ItM,H$a Ho$ àUm_,Añne© Nw>AZ go Nw>E Vma Ÿ&Yrao ~mobm : amOZ ! na _¢ VmoH$bmdÝV h±ÿ Zht, {eî` , gmYH$ h±ÿ -OrdZ Ho$ AZH$ho gË` H$m gmjr Ÿ&

105

dO«H$s{V© !àmMrZ {H$arQ>r-Vé !A{^_pÝÌV drUm !"Ü`mZ -_mÌ BZ H$m Vmo JX²JX {dˆb H$a XoZo dmbm h¡ !'

Mwn hmo J`m {à §dX Ÿ&g^m r _m¡Z hmo ahr Ÿ&

dmÚ CR>m gmYH$ Zo JmoX _| aI {b`m Ÿ&Yrao-Yrao PwH$ Cg na Vmam| na _ñH$ Q>oH$ {X`m Ÿ&g^m M{H$V Wr - Aao {à`§dX Š`m gmoVm h¡ ?Ho$eH$å~br AWdm hmo H$a nam yVPwH$ J`m dmÚ na ?drUm gM_wM Š`m h¡ AgmÜ` ?na Cgo ñnpÝXV gÞmQ>o _|_m¡Z {à §dX gmY ahm Wa drUm-Zht, ñd § AnZo H$mo emoY ahm Wm Ÿ&gKZ {Z{d‹S>> _| dh AnZo H$mogm¢n ahm Wm Cgr {H$arQ>r-Vé H$mo Ÿ&H$m¡Z {à`§dX h¡ {H$ Xå^ H$aBg A{^_pÝÌV H$médmÚ Ho$ gå_wI Amdo ?H$m¡Z ~Omdo`h drUm Omo ñd § OrdZ â H$s gmYZm ahr ?

yb J`m Wm Ho$eH$å~br amO-g^m H$mo :Šå~b na A{^_pÝÌV EH$ AHo$bonZ _| Sy>~ J`m Wm{Og _| gmjr Ho$ AmJo WmOr{dV dhr {H$arQ>r -Vé{Og H$s O‹S> dmgw{H$ Ho$ \$U na Wr AmYm[aV{Og Ho$ H$ÝYm| na ~mXb gmoVo Wo

106

Am¡a H$mZ _| {Og Ho$ {h_{J[a H$hVo Wo AnZo ahñ` Ÿ&gå~mo{YV H$a Cg Vé H$mo, H$aVm WmZrad EH$mbmn {à §dX Ÿ&

Amo {demb Vé !eV-ghó nëbdZ -nVPam| Zo {Og H$m {ZV ê$n g±~mam{H$VZr ~agmVr {H$VZo IÚmoVm| Zo AmVr CVmar,{XZ â ^m¢ao H$a J o Jw±hO[aV,amVm| _| {Pëbr ZoAZW_ _§Jb-JmZ gwZm o,gm±P-gdoao AZ{JZAZMrÝho IJ-Hw$b H$s _moX-âr H«$s‹S>m -H$mH${bS>mb-S>mbr H$mo H±$nm J`r -Amo XrK©H$m` Ÿ&Amo nyao PmaIÊS> Ho$ AJ«O,VmV, gIm, Jwé, Aml`,ÌmVm _hmÀN>m`,Amo ì`mHw$b _wI[aV dZ-Üd{Z`m| Ho$d¥ÝXJmZ Ho$ _yV© ê$n_¢ VwPo gwZy±XoIy±, Ü`mD±$A{Z_of, ñVãY, g§ V, g§ wV, {Zdm©H$,H$hm± gmhg nmD±$Ny> gHy±$ VwPo Ÿ&Voar H$m`m Ho$ N>oX ~m±Y H$a aMr J`r drUm H$mo{H$g ñnYm© gohmW H$a§o AmKmVN>rZZo H$mo Vmam| goEH$ MmoQ> _| dh g§{MV g§JrV {Ogo aMZo _|

107

ñd § Z OmZo {H$VZm| Ho$ ñnpÝXV àmU aM J o !Zht, Zht ! drUm dh _oar JmoX aIr h¡, aho,{H$ÝVw _¢ hr VmoVoar JmoXr ~¡R>m _moX-âm ~mbH$ h±ÿAmo Vé-VmV ! g±^mb _wPo,_oar ha {H$bH$nwbH$ _| Sy>~ Om` :_¢ gwZy±JwZy±{dñ_` go â Am±H|$Voao AZw d H$m EH$-EH$ AÝVñdaVoao XmobZ H$s bmoar na Py_y± _¢ VÝ_`-Jm Vy :Voar b` na _oar gm±g|â| nwa| arV| {dlm{ÝV nm`| Ÿ&

Jm Vy !dh drUm aIr h¡ : Voam A§J -An§J Ÿ&{H$ÝVw A§Jr, Vy AjV, AmË_-^[aV,ag-{~ÝXy"Vy Jm :_oao A±{Y`mao AÝVg² _| AmbmoH$ OJmñ_¥{V H$mlw{V H$m -hm±, _wPo ñ_aU h¡~Xbr -H$m¢Y -n{Îm`m| na dfm©-~yXm| H$s nQ>-nQ> Ÿ&KZr amV _| _hþE H$m Mwn-Mmn Q>nH$Zm Ÿ&Mm¢Ho$ IJ-emdH$ H$s {Mh±þH$ Ÿ&{ebmAm| H$mo XwbamVo dZ-PaZo Ho$

108

X«wV bharbo Ob H$m H$b-{ZXmZ Ÿ&Hw$hao go$ N>Z H$a AmVrnd©Vr Jm±d Ho$ CËgd -T>mobH$ H$s Wmn Ÿ&J‹S>[a`m| H$s AZ_Zr ~m±gwar Ÿ&H$R>\$mo‹S>o H$m R>oH$m Ÿ& \w$bgy±KZr H$s AmVwa \w$aH$Z :Am¡a-~y±X H$s T>aH$Z- BVZr H$mo_b, Vab, {H$ PaVo-PaVo _mhaqgJma H$m \y$b ~Z J`r Ÿ&âo eaX² Ho$ Vmb, bh[a`m| H$s gaga -Üd{Z Ÿ&Hy±$Om| H$m H|$H$am H$m±X bå~r {Q>Å>^ H$s Ÿ&n§I - wº$ gm`H$-gr h§g ~bmH$m Ÿ&Mr‹S> -dZm| _| JÝY-AÝY CÝ_X nV§J H$s Ohm± -Ohm± Q>H$amhQ>Ob-ànmV H$m ßbwV EH$ñda Ÿ&{Pëbr-XmXwa, H$mo{H$b-MmVH$ H$s P§H$ma nwH$mam| H$s `{V _|g§g¥{V H$s gm± -gm± Ÿ&

hm±, _wPo ñ_aU h¡ :Xya nhm‹S>m| go H$mbo _oKm| H$s ~m‹T>hm{W`m| H$m _mZmo qMKm‹S> ahm hmo yW Ÿ&Amobo H$Jma H$m {JaZm N>n²-N>‹S>mnP§Pm H$s \w$\$H$ma Váno‹S>m| H$m Aag H$a Qy>Q>-Qy>Q> H$a {JaZm Ÿ&Amobo H$s H$ar MnV Ÿ&M_o nmbo go VZr H$Q>mar-gr gyIr Kmgm| H$s Qy>Q>Z Ÿ&E|R>r {_Å>r H$m pñZ½Y Kmg _| Yrao-Yrao [agZm Ÿ&{h_-Vwfma Ho$ \$mho YaVr Ho$ Kmdm| H$mo ghbmVo Mwn-Mmn Ÿ&Km{Q>`m| _| aVr{JaVr MÅ>mZm| H$s Jy±O -H$m±nVr _Þ Jy±O -AZwJy±O - gm±g Imo r-gr, Yrao-Yrao Zrad Ÿ&_wPo ñ_aU h¡

109

har VbhQ>r _|, N>moQ>o no‹S>m| H$s AmoQ> Vmb na~±Yo g_` H$m newAm| H$s ZmZm{dY AmVwa-V¥á nwH$ma| :JO©Z, KwK©wa MrI, _y±H$, hþŠH$m, {M{M`mhQ> Ÿ&H$_b-Hww$_wX -nÎmm| na Mmoa-n¡a ÐþV Ym{dVOb -n§N>r H$s Mmn Ÿ&Wmn XmXwa H$s M{H$V N>bm±Jm§o H$s Ÿ&nÝWr Ho$ Kmo‹S>o H$s Q>mn AYra Ÿ&AM§Mb Yra Wmn ¢gm| Ho$ ^mar Iwa H$s Ÿ&

_wPo ñ_aU h¡CPH$ {j{VO go{H$aU ^moa H$s nhbrO~ VH$Vr h¡ Amog-~y±X H$moCg jU H$s ghgm Mm¢H$s-gr {ghaZ Ÿ&Am¡a Xwnhar _| O~Kmg-\y$b AZXoIo {Ib OmVo h¢_mo_m{I`m± Ag§»` Py_Vr H$aVr Jw§Oma -Cg bå~o {db_o jU H$m VÝÐmbg R>hamd Ÿ&Am¡a gm±P H$moO~ Vmam| H$s Vab H±$nH±$nr ñne©hrZ PaVr h¡ -_mZmo Z^ _| Vab Z`Z {R>R>H$s{Z:g»` gdËgm wdVr _mVmAm| Ho$ Amerdm©X -Cg gpÝY -{Z{_f H$s nwbH$Z br`_mZ Ÿ&

_wPo ñ_aU h¡ :Am¡a {MÌ àË oH$ñVãY, {dO{‹S>V H$aVm h¡ _wP H$mogwZVm h±ÿ _¢

110

na ha ñda - H§$nZ boVm h¡ _wP go gmoI-dm`w-gm ZmX-âm _¢ C‹S> OmVm h±ÿ Ÿ& ......_wPo ñ_aU h¡ -na _wP H$mo _¢ ^yb J`m h±ÿ :gwZVm h±ÿ _¢ -na _¢ _wP go nao, eãX _| br`_mZ Ÿ&

_¢ Zht, Zht ! _¢ H$ht Zht !Am¡a ao Vé ! Am¡ dZ !Amo ñda -g§ ma !ZmX -_` g§g¥{V !Amo ag -ßbmdZ !_wPo j_m H$a - yb AqH$MZVm H$mo _oar -_wPo AmoQ> Xo - T>±H$ bo - N>m bo -Amo eaÊ` !_oao Jy±JonZ H$mo Voao gmo` ñda-gmJa H$m Ádma Sw>~m bo !Am, _wPo wbm,Vy CVa ~rZ Ho$ Vmam| _|AnZo go JmAnZo H$mo Jm -AnZo IJ-Hw$b H$mo _wI[aV H$aAnZr N>m`m _| nbo _¥Jm| H$s Mm¡H${‹S>`m| H$mo Vmb ~m±YAnZo N>m`mVn, d¥{ï> -ndZ, nëbd-Hw$gw_Z H$s b` naAnZo OrdZ-g§M` H$mo H$a N>ÝX wº$,AnZr àkm H$mo dmUr Xo !Vy Jm, Vy Jm -Vy g{Þ{Y nm - Vy ImoVy Am - Vy hmo - Vy Jm Ÿ& Vy Jm !

111

amOm OmJo !g_m{YñW g§JrVH$ma H$m hmW CR>m Wm -H$m±nr Wt C°§J{b`m± Ÿ&AbJ A±J‹S>mB© bo H$a _mZmo OmJ CR>r Wr drUm :{H$bH$ CR>o Wo ñda-{eew Ÿ&Zrad naX>m aIVm Om{bH$ _m`mdrgYo H$am| go Yrao-YraoS>mb ahm Wm Omb ho_-Vmam| H$m Ÿ&

ghgm drUm PZPZm CR>r -g§JrVH$ma H$s Am±Im| _|, R>§S>r {nKbr Ádmbm-gr PbH$ J`r -amo_m§M EH$ {~Obr-gm g~ Ho$ VZ _| Xm¡‹S> J`m Ÿ&AdV[aV hþAm g§JrV ,ñd § y{Og _| gmoVm h¡ AIÊS>~«÷m H$m _m¡ZAeof à^m_` Ÿ&

Sy>~ J o g~ EH$ gmW Ÿ&g~ AbJ -AbJ EH$mH$s nma {Vao Ÿ&

amOm Zo AbJ gwZm :O` Xodr e:H$m`da_mb {b oJmVr Wr _§Jb-JrV,XwÝXw r Xya H$ht ~OVr Wr,amO-_wHw$Q> ghgm hbH$m hmo Am`m Wm, _mZmo hmo \y$b {g[ag H$mB©î`m©, _hXmH$m§jm, Ûof MmQw>Vmg^r nwamZo bwJ‹S>o go Pa J o, {ZIa Am`m Wm OrdZ-H$m§MZ

112

Y_©-^md go {Ogo {ZN>mda dh H$a XoJm Ÿ&amZr Zo AbJ gwZm :N>±Q>Vr ~Xbr _| EH$ H$m¢Y H$h J`r -Vwåhmao o _{U-_mUH$, H$ÊR>hma nQ>-dó_oIbm-qH${H${U -g~ AÝYH$ma Ho$ H$U h¢ o ! AmbmoH$ EH$ h¡ß`ma-AZÝ` ! Cgr H$s {dÚwëbVm KoaVr ahVr h¡ ag-^ma _oK H$mo,{WaH$ Cgr H$s N>mVr na Cg _| {N>n H$a gmo OmVr h¡AmídñV, ghO {dídmg -âr Ÿ&amZrCg EH$ ß`ma H$mo gmYoJr Ÿ&

g~ Zo r AbJ-AbJ gwZm Ÿ&Bg H$moamOm éHo$ gm±g bå~r bo H$a {\$a ~mobo_oao hma J o g~ OmZo-_mZo H$bmdÝV,g~H$s {dÚm hmo J`r AH$maW, Xn© MyaH$moB© kmZr JwUr AmO VH$ Bgo Z gmY gH$m Ÿ&A~ `h AgmÜ` drUm hr »`mV hmo J`r Ÿ&na _oam A~ ^r h¡ {dídmgH¥$ÀN´>-Vn dO«H$s{V© H$m ì`W© Zht Wm Ÿ&drUm ~moboJr Adí`, na V^rBgo O~ gƒm -ñda{gÕ JmoX _| boJm Ÿ&

dh H¥$nm dmŠ` Wm à^wAm| H$m Ÿ&Cg H$moAmV§H$ -_w{º$ H$m AmídmgZ !Bg H$mo

113

dh âr {VOmoar _| gmoZo H$s IZH$ Ÿ&Cgo~Qw>br _| ~hþV {XZm| Ho$ ~mX AÞ H$s gm|Yr Iwe~y Ÿ&{H$gr EH$ H$mo Z`r ~Yy H$s gh_r-gr nm`b-Üd{Z{H$gr Xygao H$mo {eew {H$bH$mar Ÿ&EH$ {H$gr H$mo Omb-\±$gr _N>br H$s V‹S>nZ -EH$ Ana H$mo MhH$ _wº$ Z^ _| C‹S>Vr {M{‹S>`m| H$s Ÿ&EH$ Vrgao H$mo _ÊS>r H$s R>ob_R>ob, J«mhH$m| H$s Añne© âr ~mo{b`m±,Mm¡Wo H$mo _§{Xa H$s Vmb- wº$ K§Q>m -Üd{Z Ÿ&Am¡a nm±Md| H$mo bmoho na gYo hWm¡‹S>o H$s g_ MmoQ>|Am¡a N>R>o H$mo b§Ja na H$g_gm ahr Zm¡H$m na bham| H$s A{dam_ WnH$ Ÿ&~{Q>`m na M_am¡Yo H$s é±Yr Mmn gmVd| Ho$ {bE -Am¡a AmR>d| H$mo Hw${b`m H$s H$Q>r _o‹S> go ~hVo Ob H$s Nw>,-Nw, Ÿ&Bg J_H$ Z{Å>Z H$s E‹S>r Ho$ Kw±Kê$ H$s Ÿ&Cgo wÕ H$m S>mob Ÿ&Bg g§Pm-JmoYy{b H$s bKw Qw>Z-Qw>Z -Cgo àb` H$m S>_ê$ -ZmX Ÿ&Bg H$mo OrdZ H$s nhbr A§J‹S>mB© Ÿ&na Cg H$mo _hmOå ¥ {dH$amb H$mb Ÿ&g~ Sy>~, {Vao {Pno OmJo -hmo aho de§dX² ñVãY :B`Îmm g~ H$s AbJ-AbJ OmJr,g§KaV hþB©nm JB© {db` Ÿ&

drUm {\$a _yH$ hmo JB© Ÿ&gmYw ! gmYw !!

amOm {ghmgZ go CVao-

114

amZr Zo A{n©V H$s gVb‹S>r _mb,"ho ñd{OV ! YÝ` ! YÝ` !'g§JrVH$madrUm H$mo Yrao go ZrMo aI, T>±H$ -_mZmoJmoX _| gmo o {eew H$mo nmbZo S>mb H$a _w½Ym _m±hQ>> Om o XrR> go XwbamVr -CR> I‹S>m hþAm Ÿ&~‹T>Vo amOm H$m hmW CR>m H$aVm AmdO©Z,~mobm :"lo Zht Hw$N> _oam :_¢ Vmo Sy>~ J`m Wm ñd`§ eyÝ` _| -drUm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go AnZo H$mo _¢Zog~ Hw$N> H$mo gm¢n {X`m Wm -gwZm Amn Zo Omo dh _oam Zht,Z drUm H$m Wm :dh Vmo g~ Hw$N> H$s VWVm Wr_hmeyÝ`dh _hm_m¡ZA{d^mÁ`, AZmá, AÐ{dV, Aà_oOmo eãXhrZ"g~ _| JmVm h¡ Ÿ&'

Z_ñH$ma H$a _w‹S>m {à §dX Ho$eH$å~br Ÿ&bo H$a H$å~b Joh-Jw\$m H$mo Mbm J`m Ÿ&CR> J`r g^m Ÿ& g~ AnZo AnZo H$m_ bJo Ÿ&wJ nbQ> J`m Ÿ&

{à` nmR>H$ ! `m| _oar drUm ^r_m¡Z hþB© Ÿ&

***

115

~mdam Ahoar~mdam Ahoar~mdam Ahoar~mdam Ahoar~mdam Ahoar

2.3 ~mdam Ahoar :~mdam Ahoar :~mdam Ahoar :~mdam Ahoar :~mdam Ahoar :

Ako àH¥${V Ho$ H${d Zht h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw CÝhm|Zo àH¥${V Ho$ Cn_mZm|, {~å~m| Am¡a àVrH$m| Ho$ ghmaoAJ{UV Z o à`moJ {H$ o h¢ Ÿ& 1950 go 1953 Ho$ Xm¡amZ {bIr H${dVm | "~mdam Ahoar' g§J«h _|g§H${bV h¢ Ÿ& ~mdam Ahoar Ho$ "~mdbm {eH$mar' ê$n _| à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& hm± na CJVo gy © Ho$ {bE hnX Am`m h¡ Ÿ& à`moJdmXr H${d Zo nma§n[aH$ "gy`©XodVm' Ho$ md go hQ> H$a Cgo EH$ Aëh‹S> Am¡a mobm{eH$mar H$hm h¡ Ÿ&

2.3.1 H${dVm H$m gma__© :H${dVm H$m gma__© :H${dVm H$m gma__© :H${dVm H$m gma__© :H${dVm H$m gma__© :

gw~h AmH$me H$s nyd© {Xem _| àH$me H$m Jmobm CJVm h¡ Ÿ& CgHo$ CR>Vo hr nya~ _| bmbr hrbmbr \¡$b OmVr h¡ Ÿ& _mZmo {H$gr Zo bmb-bmb _{U`m± {~N>m Xr h¢ h EH$ Vah H$m Omb h¡ Omo gmarYaVr na \¡$bm h¡ Ÿ& Yrao-Yrao nyao YamVb na \¡$b OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Ord-O§Vw, O‹S>-MoVZ, g~Ambmo{H$V hmo aho h¢ Ÿ& gwÝXa-Hw$én, _Zmoha-^`mdh g~ gm\$ {XI ahm Ÿ& gy`© Ho$ àH$me _| EH$ AmoañdU© H$be `m {Ìeyb AWdm ^Jdm P§S>m dmbo gwÝXa _§{Xa M_H$ aho h¢ Ÿ& aob bmBZ Ho$ {H$Zmao H$sJw_{Q>`m| _| VmaKa H$m H$m_ MbVm h¡ Ÿ&

em_ Ho$ g_` H$m Ñí` Jm±d _| {^Þ h¡ Ÿ& Jm±d H$s Jm`| MaZo Ho$ ~mX bm¡Q> ahr h¢ Ÿ& nJS>§S>r naYyb C‹S> ahr h¢ Ÿ& har Kmg, \y$bm| H$s Š`mar _Z _moh boVr h¢ Ÿ& O~ {H$ _hmZJa H$m Am¡Úmo{JH$ ê$n{~J‹S> ahm h¡ Ÿ& dh Yw§dm g~ H$mo {ZJb Yw§Ybm H$aZo H$s j_Vm aIVm h¡ Ÿ& H$moB© {H$dm‹S> Imob XoVm h¡ Ÿ&{XZ _| A§Yoam N>m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& gyaO H$mo MwZm¡Vr Xr Om ahr h¡ {H$ h_mao Yw±E Ho$ gm_Zo apí_aWr VwÀN> h¡ !CgH$m Am{YnË` g~ na h¡ Ÿ& dh Eogm {eH$mar(AmIoQ>H$) h¡ {OgHo$ {bE H$moB© r Ord-OÝVw, new-njr A~Ü` Zht Ÿ& dh Hw$N> ^r ^jU H$a gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

2.3.2. H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :H$mì` gm¡ÝX`© :

`h H${dVm Z o... à`moJdmXr T>§J na {bIr h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo gy © H$mo (CJVo gy © H$mo) ~mdamAhoar H$hm h¡ Ÿ& h nyar Vah EH$ àVrH$dmXr H${dVm h¡ Ÿ& moa H$m gyaO Z o H${d H$m àVrH$ H$hm Om

116

gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& h H${d brH$ go hQ> H$a MbVm h¡, na§nam Am¡a ê${‹T> H$mo ½Z H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& ñnï> XoI gH$Voh¢ {H$ Ako Zo hm± {df` Am¡a {eën XmoZm| _| na§nam H$s brH$ go hQ>H$a H$m_ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Z o H${d Am¡aZB© H${dVm H$m _wº$ md go ñdmJV H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& Z`m H${d {H$gr {df` H$mo ANy>V Zht _mZVm Ÿ& {df`H$s {d{dYVm H$m Xmàm H$m\$s ~‹S>m h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo gyaO H$mo Ahoar Ho$ ê$n _| {M{ÌV H$a nyam EH$gm§Jê$nH$ Ab§H$ma aI {X`m h¡ Ÿ& {\$a ^r H${d Zo ^mfm ghO Am¡a gab aIr h¡ Ÿ&

ZB© H${dVm Ho$ ê$n _| h mfm H$mo MwZm¡Vr h¡ Ÿ& EH$ Amoa g§ñH¥$V{Zð> mfm h¡, Cgo Zò g§X^m]_| aIm J`m h¡ Ÿ& Xygar Amoa bmoH$ na§nam Ho$ eãXm| H$mo aIm h¡ Ÿ& H${U©H$ma, nwpînVmJ« O¡go eãX ~hþàM{bV Zht h¢ Ÿ& H${d Zo XoeO m ~mobMmb H$s mfm r gmW-gmW aIr h¡ Ÿ& hm± na XoeO eãXm| goH${d H$mo H$moB© nahoO Zht h¡ Ÿ& BZ_| H$amam ì §½` PbH$ CR>Vm h¡ Ÿ&

Bg g§H$bZ _| Ako OrdZ Xe©Z na Jhar MMm© H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& do CÎmamY© _| àH¥${V H$m {MÌAm§H$Vo h¢ Ÿ& Hw$N> ì §½` H${dVm | g§H${bV h¢ Ÿ& Ako H$m ào_^md Hw$N> H${dVmAm| _| ì`º$ hþAm h¡ Ÿ&à`moJdmXr H${d H$m h {d{dY mdm| dmbm g§H$bZ A{V {d{eï> h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| gdm©{YH$ M{M©V H${dVm"~mdam Ahoar' hr ahr h¡ Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ Bg_| H${d {_WH$ H$mo A{^Zd T>§J go àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& à`moJm| Ho$Xm¡a _| Ako Zo H${d H$mo ì`m{á Am¡a CgHo$ mfm {eën H$mo _hËd XoH$a gy © Ho$ gmW Iy~ ghO md goàñVwV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

2.3.3. eãXmW© : eãXmW© : eãXmW© : eãXmW© : eãXmW© :

~mdam = Aëh‹S>>, ^mobm Ÿ& Ahoar = AmIoQ>H$ & bmb bmb H${Z`m± = àmV: H$mbrZ bmb{H$aU| & Omb = eãX -Omb Ho$ {bE à wº$ & naodo = H$~yVa Am{X njr & ZmQ>r = qR>JZr & Cn`moJ -gwÝXar = {OgH$m Cn`moJ hr CgH$m gm¡ÝX © h¡ & ~onZmh = Agwa{jV & nwpînVmJ« = \w$Z{J`m| na \y$b &H${U©H$ma = H$Zoa Ho$ \y$b, {ZJªY h¢, na a§J h¡ & H$b -_erZ, H$maImZm & V{M = nVbr, gyú_ &AdÜ` = {Ogo _mam Zht Om gH$Vm & Xw~H$sN>mo‹S> H$a = Nw>nr hþB© N>mo‹S> & I§S>ha = COm‹S> & {eam -{eam = gmar {eam | & AmbmoH$ H$s AZr = àH$me H$s Zm|H$ & T>mh = {Jam H$a & Ty>h = {_æQ>r H$m D±$MmT>oa & _m§O Om = ñdÀN> H$a Om & Am±O Om = A§OZ Am±I _| bJmZo H$s Vah Ñ{ï> H$mo ñdÀN> H$a Xo &{gamonm = {gamonmd, gå_m{ZV H$aZo Ho$ {bE àXmZ {H$`m dó(CnT>m¡H$Z) & H$ZH$ Vma = gwZhbo Vma

117

2.3.4 Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :Aä`mg àíZ :

> > > > > XrK©CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : XrK©CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : XrK©CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : XrK©CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : XrK©CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :

i)"~mdam Ahoar' H${dVm H$m md ñnîQ> H$s{OE Ÿ&

ii) "~mdam Ahoar' Ho$ bú`mW© na àH$me S>m{bE

iii) à`moJdmXr H${dVm Ho$ ê$n _| "~mdam Ahoar' H$s g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ : g§{já CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :

H$) "~mdam Ahoar' {H$gH$m àVrH$ h¡ ?

I) "~mdam Ahoar' _| à wº$ ê$nH$ H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE ?

J) "~mdam Ahoar' {H$g-{H$g na Omb {~N>mVm h¡ ?

K) "~mdam Ahoar' H$mo XoI _Z _| Š`m ^md C_‹S>Vm h¡ ?


M) "~mdam Ahoar' {H$g g§H$bZ H$s H${dVm h¡ ?

N>) O~ Omb ItMVm h¡, {H$go ~m§Y boVm h¡ $C{MV eãX Mw{Z o

i) EH$ H$mo, ii) Xmo H$mo , iii) g^r H$mo, iv ) {H$gr H$mo Zht

O) H${d Š`m H$aZo H$h ahm h¡ Ahoar H$mo, C{MV H$WZ Mw{Z o :

i) {eam {eam N>oX Xo AmbmoH$ H$s AZr go AnZr Ÿ&

ii) Imob Xo H$nmQ> Ÿ&

iii) H¥$VkVm a Xo Ÿ&

iv) {gamonm nhZm Xo Ÿ&

P) Imbr ñWmZ ^[a o :

Am±I| ....... (Am§O Om, _m§O Om)

Äm) N>moQ>r -N>moQ>r ({M{‹S>`m±, naodo, n§Ir)

118

ì`m»`m Ho$ àg§J : ì`m»`m Ho$ àg§J : ì`m»`m Ho$ àg§J : ì`m»`m Ho$ àg§J : ì`m»`m Ho$ àg§J :

i) Am¡a Xya H$Mam ObmZo dmbr ...... Ahoar H$mo ham X|Jr Ÿ&

ii) _oar Am±I| Am§O Om ...... ~mdao Ahoar

2.3.5 ghm`H$ J«§W :ghm`H$ J«§W :ghm`H$ J«§W :ghm`H$ J«§W :ghm`H$ J«§W :

1. H${dVm Ho$ Z o à{V_mZ : S>m°. Zm_da qgh

2. qhXr H${dVm H$s g§doXZm Am¡a {dH$mg : S>m°. am_ñdê$n MVwd}Xr

3. AmO Ho$ bmoH${à` H${d Ako : S>m°. {dÚm{Zdmg {_l

119

Ÿ~mdam AhoarŸ~mdam AhoarŸ~mdam AhoarŸ~mdam AhoarŸ~mdam Ahoar

^moa H$m Ÿ~mdam Ahoarnhbo {~N>mVm h¡ AmbmoH$ H$sbmb-bmb H${Z`m±na O~ ItMVm h¡ Omb H$mo~m±Y boVm h¡ g^r H$mo gmW :N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r {M{‹S>`m±, _±Pmobo naodo, ~‹S>o-~‹S>o n§IrS>¡Zm| dmbo S>rb dmbo S>m¡b Ho$ ~oS>m¡bC‹S>Vo OhmO,H$bg-{Ìeyb dmbo _§{Xa-{eIa go boVmaKa H$s ZmQ>r _moQ>r {MnQ>r Jmob Kwñgm| dmbr Cn`moJ-gwÝXar~onZmh H$m`m H$mo :JmoYybr H$s Yyb H$mo, _moQ>am| Ho$ Yw±E H$mo ^rnmH©$ Ho$ {H$Zmao nwpînVmJ« H${U©H$ma H$s AmbmoH$ -IMr VpÝd ê$n-aoIm H$moAm¡a Xya H$Mam ObmZo dmbr H$b H$s CÔ§S> {M_{Z`m| H$mo, OmoYw±Am `m| D$JbVr h¢ _mZm| Cgr _mÌ go Ahoar H$mo ham X|Jr !

Ÿ~mdam Ahoar aoHw$N> ^r AdÜ` Zht VwPo, g~ AmIoQ> h¡ :EH$ ~g _oao _Z -{dda _| Xw~H$s H$bm¢g H$moXw~H$s hr N>mo‹S> H$a Š`m Vy Mbm Om`Jm ?bo, _¢ Imob XoVm h±ÿ H$nmQ> gmao_oao Bg I±S>ha H$s {eam-{eam N>oX Xo AmbmoH$ H$s AZr go AnZr,J‹T> gmam T>mh H$a Ty>h â H$a Xo :

120

{d\$b {XZm| H$s Vy H$bm¢g na _m±O Om _oar Am±I| Am±O Om {H$ VwPo XoIy± XoIy± Am¡a _Z _| H¥$VkVm C_‹S> Amò nhZy± {gamono go ò H$ZH$-Vma Voao - Ÿ~mdam Ahoar Ÿ&

***

121

UNIT - III

1..... _w{º$~moY- "A§Yoao _|' _w{º$~moY- "A§Yoao _|' _w{º$~moY- "A§Yoao _|' _w{º$~moY- "A§Yoao _|' _w{º$~moY- "A§Yoao _|'

2..... Yy{_b- "_moMram_'Yy{_b- "_moMram_'Yy{_b- "_moMram_'Yy{_b- "_moMram_'Yy{_b- "_moMram_'

122

BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© - III (_w{º$~moY: A§Yoao _| ; (_w{º$~moY: A§Yoao _| ; (_w{º$~moY: A§Yoao _| ; (_w{º$~moY: A§Yoao _| ; (_w{º$~moY: A§Yoao _| ; Yy{_b : _moMram_)Yy{_b : _moMram_)Yy{_b : _moMram_)Yy{_b : _moMram_)Yy{_b : _moMram_)

{df` gyMr{df` gyMr{df` gyMr{df` gyMr{df` gyMr3.1 _w{º$~moY : A§Yoao _|

3.1.1 H${d n[aM`3.1.2 A§Yoao _| H$m H$Ï`

3.1.3 H$mì` d¡{eï²>`3.1.4 Hw$N> eãXmW©3.1.5 Aä`mg àíZ


3.2 Yy{_b : _moMram_Yy{_b : _moMram_Yy{_b : _moMram_Yy{_b : _moMram_Yy{_b : _moMram_3.2.1 H${d n[aM`3.2.2 _moMram_ H$m H$WmZH$3.2.3 H${dVm H$m __© Am¡a d¡{eï²>`3.2.4 Hw$N> eãXmW©3.2.5 Aä`mg àíZ3.2.6 ghm`H$ J«§W

123

BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -BH$mB© -III

_w{º$~moY_w{º$~moY_w{º$~moY_w{º$~moY_w{º$~moY

3.1 _w{º$~moY "A§Yoao _|' :_w{º$~moY "A§Yoao _|' :_w{º$~moY "A§Yoao _|' :_w{º$~moY "A§Yoao _|' :_w{º$~moY "A§Yoao _|' :`{Ú{n Ako Or Zo AnZo Vma gáH$ Ho$ g§H$bZ _| "_w{º$~moY' H$mo em{_b {H$`m, na do AmJo

Mb H$a n« moJdmXr Ymam go hQ> JE Ÿ& CZHo$ {dMmam| _| àJ{VdmXr Io_o H$m Á`mXm a§J {XImB© n‹S>m Ÿ&AV: CÝh| àJ{Verb H${d`m| H$s gyMr H$m AJ«Ur H$hm J`m Ÿ& hmbm§{H$ H$moB© g§H$bZ àH$m{eV H$aZo_| do g_W© Zht hþE, na AnZr aMZm Y{_©Vm Ho$ H$maU MMm© _| Am gHo$ Wo Ÿ& AV: OrdZ Ho$ H$Qw>AZw dm| H$mo CÝhm|Zo \|$Q>ogr ê$n _| b§~r H${dVm {bIr Ÿ& H$m\$s Agm© ^r bJm Ÿ& 1965 _| A§{V_ ê$n{X`m J`m "A§Yoao _|' H${dVm H$mo Ÿ&

3.1.1 H${d n[aM` :H${d n[aM` :H${d n[aM` :H${d n[aM` :H${d n[aM` :_w{º$~moY H$m nyam Zm_ JOmZZ _mYd "_w{º$~moY' Wm Ÿ& 1917 H$mo CZH$m OÝ_ í`monwa H$bm

(½dm{bà) _| hþAm Ÿ& _ybV: do _hmamï´>r` ~«÷U Wo Ÿ& 1938 B©. _| ~r.E. nmg {H$`m Ÿ& Am{W©H$ Ñ{ï>go _Ü`dJ© _| OrdZ {~Vm`m Ÿ& nËZr em§Vm~mB© Wr Ÿ& {ddmh J¡a nma§n[aH$ T>§J go {H$`m Ÿ& AnZo BÝhtCJ« {dMmam| Ho$ H$maU Om{V go ~mha hmoZm n‹S>m Ÿ& g_mO _| {damoY r hþAm Ÿ& C‚m¡Z, ewOmbnwa Am{XñWmZm| na {ejH$ aho Ÿ& 1954 _| E_.E. H$aZo Ho$ ~mX do Hw$N> g_` H$mboO AÜ`mnH$ aho Ÿ& ~mX _|"h§g' n{ÌH$m _| Zm¡H$ar H$aZo ~Zmag Am o Ÿ& ~mX _| Amb B§{S>`m ao{S>`mo, ZmJnwa Ho$ g_mMma {d^mJ_| AdñWm{nV hþE Ÿ& na§Vw AnZo àJ{Verb Ñ{ï>H$moU Ho$ H$maU Á`mXm {XZ Zht aho Ÿ&

d¡go àH¥${V go H$^r CJ« Zht aho Ÿ& em§V Ed§ g‚mZ ñd^md Ho$ H$maU _w{º$~moY H$m H$m\$sAmXa Wm Ÿ& qhXr gm{hË` OJV _| ñ\w$Q> aMZmAm| go hr à{gÕ hmo MwHo$ Wo Ÿ& A§{V_ {XZm| _| J§ ra~r_mar H$s hmbV _| {Xëbr bo Om`m J`m Ÿ& dhm± go CZHo$ Ka AmH$a CZH$s \$mBbm| go Hw$N> H${dVmE±MwZr JB© Ÿ& maVr` kmZnrR> Zo VwaV àH$meZ Xm{`Ëd gåhmbm Ÿ& Bg àH$ma "Mm±X H$m _w±h Q>o‹T>m' H${dVmg§H$bZ H$m _w{ÐV ê$n XoI gHo$ Ÿ& CgHo$ Hw$N> hr {XZ ~mX 1964 _| _w{º$~moY H$m XohmdgmZ hmo J`m Ÿ&Xa Agb CZH$m _yë`m§H$Z CgHo$ ~mX (J«§W àH$meZ) hr hmoZm ewê$ hþAm Ÿ& AmO VH$ {díbofU -{ddoMZ Omar h¡ Ÿ&

124

1942 _| Omo X_Zbrbm Mbr, maVr` OZVm _| Cggo CWb-nwWb _M JB© Ÿ& ~w{ÕOrdr dJ©^r {Vb{_bm CR>m Ÿ& Cg dº$ H$mì`mbmoMZ N>m`mdmX Am¡a àJ{VdmX XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM go Câ H$a Z`mê$n bo H$a Câm Ÿ& Bgo à`moJdmX H$hm J`m Ÿ& BgHo$ Xm¡amZ gáH$ na§nam H$m lrJUoe hþAm Ÿ& _w{º$~moYAm¡a Ako` XmoZm| hr A{_Q> hñVmja Wo Ÿ& Bg_| _w{º$~moY H$mo _mŠg©dmXr H$hZo _| Hw$N>oH$ {Û_V hmogH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw _mZddmXr H$hZo _| H$moB© g§Xoh Zht ah OmVm Ÿ& do _mZd H$s Hw$pËgVVm H$m dU©Z H$aZo_| Aà{V_ aho Ÿ& CYa OrdZ Ho$ ì` ê$n _| AnZr Ñ{ï> aIVo Wo Ÿ& Bg{bE am_{dbmg e_m© CÝh| anyaAmXa XoVo Ÿ& do O{Q>b Am¡a g§doXZmAm| Ho$ g§àofU _| g\$b aho Ÿ& do AZw y{V`m| gmW-gmW A{^ì`{º$_| ^r ñnîQ> Wo Ÿ&

_w{º$~moY _| "\|$Q>ogr Am¡a ê$nH$ VWm àVrH$m|' H$m à`moJ _mÜ__ Ho$ ê$n _| ânya hþAm h¡ Ÿ&"Mm§X H$m _w±h Q>o‹T>m' g§H$bZ _| Á`mXmVa b§~r H${dVmE± h¢ Ÿ& gmYmaU nmR> H$aZo na `hm± H${d H$m ê$nê$Im, {ddaU go âm, Añnï> Am¡a AOr~ -gm VWm Aé{MH$a bJVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d H$s _ñVîH$ H$sCnO geº$ Am¡a Cd©a bJ ahr h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| AZoH$ gOJ Am¡a àm¡‹T> H$ënZmAm| H$m g_mhma h¡ Ÿ& _w{º$~moYHo$ H$mì` _| "\|$Q>ogr' H$mo "AZw d H$s H$Ý`m' H$hm h¡ Ÿ& n[apñW{V`m| Ho$ A§YH$ma _| CZH$s ~w{ÕAg_W© h¡ Ÿ& \|$Q>ogr H$m ghmam CÝh| ^md{^ì`{º$ H$m gmam g_W©Z ì`º$ H$hm h¡ Ÿ& Mm§X H$m _w±h Q>o‹T>m{XIVm h¡ Ÿ& Jhar doXZm hmoVr h¡ {H$ Mm§X O¡gm gm¡ÝX`©nyU© Ed§ àH¥${V H$m ê$n h¡, dh {dH¥$V ê$n _| h¡ Ÿ&`hm± na _w{º$~moY b§~o-b§~o {ddaUm| go nmR>H$ _| Eogm {~å~ OJm aho h¢ {H$ OrdZ H$s _hËdnyU© pñW{VH$m {MÌ Câ AmVm h¡ Ÿ& BZ ^mdm| H$mo ê$n XoZo _| Ako` Ho$ {~å~ Am¡a CZH$s Üd{Z`m± öX` _| {Za§VaJy§OVr h¢ Ÿ& do gwÝXa Cn_mZm| H$m à`moJ H$a ^mdm| H$mo VrúU ê$n _| A{^ì`º$ H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& "Mm§X' CÝh|J§Om {XIVm h¡ Ÿ& Mm§XZr CÝh| amI bJ ahr h¡, ~mXb H$m Qw>H$‹S>m H${d Ho$ eãXm| _| aOmB© H$m {MW‹S>mh¡ Ÿ& Xoe H$s õmgmoÝ_wI gä`Vm Am¡a {dIar g§ñH¥${V Ho$ Xm¡a _| do B©_mZXmar go A{^>ì`{º$ XoVo h¢ Ÿ&AmV§H$H$mar ~md‹S>r, S>amdZm ~rh‹S>, §H$a KmQ>r, H$mohao go T>Ho$ {Vbñ_r nhm‹S> h¢ Ÿ& h XXubm Am¡a^`mdh dmVmdaU H${d `WmW© Ho$ H$ar~ nh±þMZo hoVw àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

H${d àH¥${V Ho$ {d{^Þ ê$nm| Ho$ gmW VmXmËå` ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& àH¥${V H$s ha J{V Ho$ gmWJ{V H$aVm h¡, Am¡a ì`mnma _| AmË_r`Vm {XIm ahm h¡ Ÿ&

"gwZ ahm h±ÿ _¢ dhrnmJb àVrH$m| _| H$hr OmVr hþB©dh Q´>{OS>rOmo ~md‹S>r _| A‹S> JB© Ÿ&&'

na§Vw `h {MÌ nma§n[aH$ àH¥${V {MÌU Zht Ÿ& dh "Q>´>{OS>r' H$s ~mV bmH$a AnZr ^mdYmamH$mo ñnï> H$a XoVo h¢ Ÿ&

125

3.1.2. "A§Yoao _|' H$m H$Ï` :"A§Yoao _|' H$m H$Ï` :"A§Yoao _|' H$m H$Ï` :"A§Yoao _|' H$m H$Ï` :"A§Yoao _|' H$m H$Ï` :"A§Yoao _|' _w{º$~moY H$s g~go b§~r H${dVm h¡ Ÿ& bJ^J Mmbrg n¥ð>m| H$s "H${d H$|{ÐV' md

àYmZ H${dVm h¡ Ÿ& H$WmZH$ ~hþV g§{já h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo nhbo Bgo "Ame§H$m Ho$ Ûrn' Zm_ {X`m Wm Ÿ& na§Vw~mX _| Hw$N> ~Xbmd Ho$ gmW erf©H$ ^r BgHo$ ì`mnH$ g§X © H$mo boH$a "A§Yoao _|' ~Xbm Ÿ&

H${d H$mo bJVm h¡ Xoe _| \$m{gï> hþHy$_V bJr h¡ Ÿ& Bg g_` gMoV Am¡a àJ{Verb _Ü`dJu~w{ÕOrdr H$m AmË_ g§Kf© Mb ahm h¡ Ÿ& H${d H$mo amV Ho$ A§Yoao _| Ame§H$m Ho$ Ûrn {XImB© Xo aho h¢ Ÿ&\$m{gï> emgZ H$m _Vb~ "_me©b bm°' h¡ Ÿ& \$m¡Or emgZ H$mo OZH«$m§{V H$mo Hw$MbZo bJm`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

Owbyg Mb ahm h¡ Ÿ& ahñ`_` Bg AW© _| h¡ {H$ `h g¡{ZH$ Owbyg Zht Ÿ& \|$Q>ogr Ho$ Vm¡a naH${d CÝh| ñnï> H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& Omo \$m{gñQ> hþHy$_V H$m g_W©Z H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& Zm`H$ CÝh| Bg ~¢S>nmQ>u _|XoIH$a AmíM © àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& o AmbmoMH$, {dMmaH$, H${d, _§Ìr, CÚmon{V, {dÛmZ Ed§ AnamYr-g~ h¢ Ÿ& {XZ _| gmYmaU {XIVo h¢ Ÿ& Owbyg _| H${d Agbr Moham {XIm H$a Z§Jm H$a XoVo h¢ Ÿ& Nw>no hþECÔoí` ñnï> hmo OmVo h¢ Ÿ& AV: H${d H$mo bJVm h¡ h H$moB© _¥Ë wXb Mb ahm h¡ - OZVm Ho$ hË`mam| H$mXb h¡ Ÿ& AV: Cg na `h {Jamoh IrP H$a _ma S>mbZo na CVmé hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& g_P OmVm h¡ {H$ _¢ZoBZH$mo Z§JB© _| XoI {b`m h¡, BgH$s gOm Oê$a X|Jo Ÿ&

g¡{ZH$ Owbyg XoIH$a OZVm ^`^rV hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ& H${d Q>¢H$m| H$m XñVm XoI ahm h¡ Ÿ& dhOZH«$m§{V H$m Zm`H$ h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw BgHo$ gm_Zo dh AOo h¡ Ÿ& (H«$m§{V H$m) nMm© n‹T>H$a gd©Ì gMoV wnpñWVXO© H$am ahm h¡ Ÿ& CZH$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ \$m{gï> emgZ H$mo geó g§Kf© go hr g_má {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡ Ÿ& ^m¡{VH$ e{º$ H$mo ^m¡{VH$ e{º$ hr nam{OV H$a gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ& `h CËWmZ A~ X~m`m Zht OmgH$Vm Ÿ& `h OZVm H$s H«$m§{V h¡ Ÿ& nmQ>u H$s Zht Ÿ& H$mì` Zm`H$ BgH$m Ðï>m h¡ Ÿ& Bg ~rM H${d H$sJm§Yr go ^|Q> hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& do H$hVo h¢ -""ZoVm AmH$me go Zht Q>nH$Vm Ÿ& OrdZ {Z_m©U H$aZo dmbr e{º$H$m à{V{Z{Y h¡ Ÿ& dh XoIVm h¡ H§$Yo na EH$ {eew (OZ {eew) h¡ Omo amo n‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ& Mwn H$amZo na Am¡aÁ`mXm amoVm h¡ Ÿ& `h éXZ {dñ\$moQ>H$, {eH$m`VnyU© h¡ Ÿ& H«$moYâm h¡ Ÿ& AMmZH$ dh Jm`~ hmo J`m Ÿ&dhm± na gyaO_wIr \y$b H$m JwÀN>m {XIVm h¡ Ÿ& dh {\$a ~§XyH$ _| ~Xb OmVm h¡ Ÿ& `mZo OZVm \y$b h¡,dh ~§XyH$ _| ~Xb gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ&

H$mì` Zm`H$ {JaâVma hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& CgH$s {nQ>mB© hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ& Bggo CgH$m g§H$ën Am¡a ^rÑ‹T> hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& H«$m§{V Ho$ Ñí` {XIVo h¢ Ÿ& emar[aH$ mVZm Xr OmVr h¡ Ÿ& bo{H$Z _hgyg Zht H$aVm Ÿ& XohH$s gr_m H$mo _Z A{VH«$_U H$a OmVm h¡ Ÿ& dh [ahm hmoH$a XoIVm h¡ H«$m§{V ewê$ hmo MwH$s Ÿ& dh CZH$m ©dm{h`m| _| bJ OmVm h¡ Ÿ& _Z _| Amem Am¡a {dídmg a OmVm h¡ Ÿ& {Xem Am¡a H$mb g~ nh±þM _|h¡ Ÿ& ñdßZ A~ H$_© Ho$ ghmao _y{V©_mZ hmo aho h¢ Ÿ& OrdZ {dH$mg H$s _§{Ob na nh±þM ahm h¡ Ÿ& H${d

126

H$hVo h¢ A{^ì`{º$ Ho$ gmao IVao CR>mZo hm|Jo ò _R> Am¡a J‹T> (ny§OrdmX Ho$) Vmo‹S>Zo hm|Jo Ÿ&H${d H$mo bJVm h¡ bmoJ X~r g§doXZm Am¡a AZw^d nr‹S>mAm| H$mo boH$a ~‹T> aho h¢ Ÿ& dh H$hVm

h¡ {H$ ny§Or go Ow‹S>m öX` ~Xb Zht gH$Vm ŸAm¡a ñdmV§Í` ì`{º$ OZ_Z H$mo N>b Zht gH$Vm ....H«$m§{V hmo JB©, X~mZo H$s H$mo{ee ^r Mb ahr Ÿ&

ñdßZ Qy>Q>Vm h¡ Ÿ& Mmam| Amoa àH$me \¡$b J`m h¡ Ÿ& Omo ì`{º$ ñdßZ _| {XIm, dh A~ ~mhag‹S>H$m| na r‹S> _| {XI ahm h¡ Ÿ& {\$a AÑí` hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& "na_ A{^ì`{º$' h¡ Ÿ& dh H$mì` nwéf hrJwé h¡ Ÿ& dh AnZo H$mo CgH$m {eî` H$hVm h¡ Ÿ& dh OJ _| Ky_Vm h¡ A{daV Ÿ& AV: H${d ha Mohao _|Cgo Vbme ahm h¡ Ÿ& ha _mZdr` ñdmZw yV AmXe©, {ddoH$ {H«$`m _| ImoOVm h¡ Ÿ& nR>ma, nhm‹S> Am¡ag_wÐ gd©Ì ImoO ahm Ÿ& dh AmË_g§ mdZm CgH$s na_ A{^ì`{º$ h¡ Ÿ&

3.1.3. H$mì` d¡{eï²>` :H$mì` d¡{eï²>` :H$mì` d¡{eï²>` :H$mì` d¡{eï²>` :H$mì` d¡{eï²>` :_w{º$~moY H$m àmXw^m©d à`moJdmXr H$mì` Ho$ Xm¡a _| hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw {\$a do H«$_e: àJ{Verb

H${dVm H$s Amoa _w‹S>Vo h¢ Ÿ& _mZdr` MoVZm Am¡a _mZd g§Kf© _| {dídmg Jham h¡ Ÿ& H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$EŠgàog {_b Ho$ _OXyam| na O~ Jmobr MbmB© JB© Vmo H${d {dH$b hmo CR>Vo h¢ Ÿ& `hr g§doXZm H$mì`ê$n _| AmH$ma boVr h¡ Ÿ& ZmJnwa Ho$ OrdZ H$m gmam g§X © Bg_| g_oQ>m J`m h¡ Ÿ& H${d gXm nÌH$m[aVm,l_Ordr g_mO Am¡a amOZr{VH$-gm{hpË`H$ MMm©Am| Ho$ ~rM ahVm Ÿ& AnZo g_` _| H${d Mmam| AmoaA§YH$ma XoIVm h¡ Ÿ& Cgr_| go \|$Q>ogr ê$n _| {d{^Þ KQ>ZmE±, nmÌ, n[apñW{V`m± CnOVr h¢ Ÿ& BgrAX² wV ê$n H$m H$mì`mË_H$ XñVmdoO h¡ Ÿ& `hm± AZoH$mZoH$ {~å~, àVrH$, g§Ho$V Am¡a g§X © àñVwV{H$ o JE h¢ Ÿ& "A§Yoao _|' BZ g~H$s hbH$s, _Ü`_ Am¡a Vrd« Jy§O gwZmB© Xo ahr h¡ Ÿ& e_eoa H$m H$hZmh¡ -"" `h H${dVm Xoe Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ OZB{Vhmg H$m, ñdV§ÌVmnyd© Am¡a níMmV H$m XhH$Vm BñnmVrXñVmdoO h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| AO~ Am¡a AX² wV ê$n go ì`{º$ Am¡a OZ H$m EH$sH$aU h¡ Ÿ& Xoe H$s YaVr,hdm, AmH$me Am¡a Xoe H$s gƒr _w{º$ AmH$m§jm Zg-Zg _| \$‹S>H$ ahr h¢ ... ^mdZmAm| Ho$ AZoH$ñVam| _| Ÿ&''

A§Yoam - OrdZ ê$nr H$_am| _| A§YH$ma am h¡ Ÿ& hm± H$moB© H$X_m| H$s AmhQ> hmo ahr h¡ Ÿ& nVmZht MbVm `h H$m¡Z h¡ Ÿ&

^rVar Xrdma H$m nbñVa PaVm h¡ Ÿ& Xrdma na H$moB© {MÌ CâVm h¡ Ÿ& H$m¡Z h¡ ? Š`m h_maoAm{X nwéf _Zw H$m Moham h¡ ?

H${d Ho$ A{YH$m§e {~å~ bmb a§J Ho$ h¢ Ÿ& bmb _emb, bmb H$moham Am¡a bmb àH$me Bgoñnï> H$a aho h¢ Omo ì`{º$ Câ H$a AmVm h¡ dh ñd § H$mì`nwéf h¡ ! A§Xa H$m Omo ì`º$ Zht hmo nm

127

ahm, dh A§Yoao _| ì`º$ hmo ahm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| AmË_m go gmjmËH$ma Hw$N> g_` hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& {\$a Vmo gyZmnZH$m§nZo bJVm h¡ Ÿ& eãX ê$nr bha| öX` H$s AdMoVZVm H$mo Xya H$aZo _| à`ËZerb h¢ Ÿ& em`X AnZrAmË_m hr `hm± gƒr ~mV na H$mì`nwéf A§YH$ma Ho$ XmoZm| {H$Zmao Q>Q>mob H$a AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡ Ÿ& `WmW©H$s YaVr Vmo {XI hr Zht ahr Ÿ& dh nwamZr Am¡a ì`W© hþB© ^mdZm - na§nam Am¡a AdYmaUm N>mo‹S> Zòn[adoe H$s ~mV H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ&

H${d H$s A§VíMoVZm _| Û§Û h¡, dh JhZ {ZÐm h¡ m ZdOmJaU H$m àma§ - dh Zht g_P nmahm Ÿ& amV Ho$ g_` H$m dmVmdaU Ÿ& AMoVZ _Z _| {H$gr Eogr `mZH$ KQ>Zm H$m g§Xoh h¡ {OgH$s H$^rAme§H$m hr Z Wr Ÿ& H${d H$s qMVm KZr h¡ Ÿ&

Owbyg Am¡a ~¢S> ~mOm ! h àVrH$mË_H$ pñW{V h¡ Ÿ& g§nÞ Am¡a gÎmm H$s e{º$ H$m J{UV h¡ Ÿ&`hm± H${d ^` Am¡a {dÐÿn H$m {MÌ Xo aho h¢ Ÿ&

H${d Zo CZ Or{dVm| H$mo _¥VmË_m -àoVË_m H$r Vah XoIm h¡ Omo fS> §ÌH$mar h¡ Ÿ& OZgmYmaU Ho$ñdmWm] go JÔmar H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& amV Ho$ A§Yoao dmbo {XZ Ho$ COmbo _| H${d Ho$ eãXm| _| AnZm M[aÌ boH$aZ§Jo hmo aho h¢ Ÿ& _mZd OrdZ H$m h A§V{d©amoY CÝh| AmíM © _| a XoVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d ñd § go nyN> ahm h¡,boIm _m§J ahm h¡ {H$ gm_m{OH$ àmUr ê$n _| {H$gH$s _XX H$s ? ~w{Õ H$mo {ZpîH«$` H$a {X`m Ÿ& BgàH$ma {ZpîH«$`Vm _| CÞ{V Am¡a àJ{V éH$ OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

H${d {dÐÿn C^maZo hoVw AZoH$ àVrH$m| H$m ghmam boVm h¡ Ÿ& O¡go ~§XyH$ H$s AmdmO, n¡am| _| VoOJ{V, Jw\$m-gr J{b`m| _| Kwg OmZm, Jm§Yr -{VbH$ H$m {XIZm, {eew H$m H§$Yo go Jm`~ hmoZm, aº$a§{OV _{U`m±, Kmoa Hw$hmgm, nrR> na VoO Mm~wH$ H$s _ma, n¥Ïdr na n‹S>o M_H$sbo nËWa, _R> Am¡a J‹T>Vmo‹S>Zm, ^r‹S> H$m aobm, bwhma O¡go Ádob§V àVrH$m| H$m à`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma _w{º$~moY Zo b§~r H${dVm _| `hm± {~Iar-gr bJVr ^mdm{^ì`{º$ _| Jhao g§ wº${MÌ H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> dñVw, Hw$N> KQ>Zm Am¡a Hw$N> bmoJm| H$mo boH$a àVrH$m| H$m AË §V g_¥Õà`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

3.1.4. Hw$N> eãXmW© :Hw$N> eãXmW© :Hw$N> eãXmW© :Hw$N> eãXmW© :Hw$N> eãXmW© :^rV -nma = Xrdma Ho$ CYa Ÿ& A{Zdma = {Ogo Q>moH$m Z Om gHo$ Ÿ& hZw = R>mo‹S>>r Ÿ& Hw$harbm =

H$mohao H$s Vah Ÿ& A§Vamb {~da Ho$ V_ _| = A§V_©Z H$s JhamB© _| Ÿ& I‹S>r nmB© = nyU© {dam_ Ÿ&{Vbñ_r = OmXwJar Ÿ& Adga -AZdga = _m¡Ho$ -{~Zm _m¡Ho$ Ÿ& nd©V g§{Y = Xmo nhm‹S>m| Ho$ ~rM Ow‹S>ZoH$m ñWmZ Ÿ& {dMaU =nham Ÿ& nbmVH$ = nb`mZ H$aZm Ÿ& H|$Ðr` g§doXZ = _yb ^md Ÿ&H$mobVma nW = S>m_a go ~Zr g‹S>H$ Ÿ& dmaXmV = XwK©Q>Zm Ÿ& AdMoVZm = MoVZ Am¡a AMoVZ Ho$ ~rM

128

H$s _mZ{gH$ pñW{V Ÿ& pŠdH$ _mM© = VoO Mmb Ÿ& H$bm~Îmy = gwham YmJm Ÿ& ApñWê$n = h{S²>S>`m| H$mT>m§Mm Ÿ& `H¥$V ñdê$n = H$boOo H$s Vah Ÿ& XrK© nm§V = b§~r bmBZ Ÿ& Am{Q>©bar = VmonImZm Ÿ&H|$dobar = Kw‹S>gdma goZm H$s Qw>H$‹S>r Ÿ& H$m¡bVmar = H$mbr Ÿ& ¡ad = `mdh Ÿ& EH$mJ«h Ñ{ï> = EH$Q>H$XoIZm Ÿ& yV{nemMH$m` = yV-{nemM H$s Vah H$m`m Ÿ& {\$aH$s = MH«$s Ÿ& JOa = K§Q>m Ÿ& dmë_rH$= Xr_H$ go ~Zm Ty>h Ÿ& brH|$ = bH$sa Ÿ& IH$maVm = Im§gVm Ÿ& \¡$gmd = \§$gZm Ÿ& gm§g bJr h¡ =hm§\$ aho h¢ Ÿ& Or^ {ZH$b ahr = ^mJVo hþE naoemZ Ÿ& VbImoa A§Yoam = Jw\$m Ho$ ZrMo H$m A§YH$ma Ÿ&{MW‹S>o= \$Q>o H$n‹S>m| Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>o Ÿ& AmË_moX~moY_` = AmË_m Ho$ OmJaU Ho$ kmZnyU© Ÿ& dmH$B© = XaAgb Ÿ& H$éUmgmb = H$éU ag go âo Ÿ& CXaå^[a = AnZm noQ> âZo dmbm Ÿ& H$ZmV = H$n‹S>o H$mÛma Omo Xrdma ~ZmZo Ho$ H$m_ {b`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Ag§J = bJmd a{hV Ÿ& VbKa = VhImZm Ÿ& _w±h_mo‹S>JE = gmW Zht {X`m Ÿ& Q>o[a`ma = AmV§H$ _MmZo dmbo bmoJ Ÿ& {ga Ja_ h¡ = H«$moY _| h¡ Ÿ& Ad{b= n§{º$ Ÿ& AmbmoMZ = JwU-Xmof na MMm© Ÿ& AOrJV© = d¡{XH$ F${f ewZ:eod Ho$ {nVm {XZ _| nmJbahZm, amV _| ì`{º$Ëd gm_mÝ` hmoZm Ÿ& _me©b bm° = \$m¡Or H$mZyZ Ÿ& {ZpîH«$` g§km = {ZH$å_onZ H$snhMmZ Ÿ& XwK©Q> = ~wao T>§J go hmoZm Ÿ& jm{bV = Ywbm hmoZm Ÿ& _w§Xo hþE = ~§X Ÿ& àmH¥$V = ñdm^m{dH$ Ÿ&VoOpñH«$` = VoO _| J{Verb, àH$me H$aZm Ÿ& Úw{V`m± = amoe{Z`m± Ÿ& Jwhmdmg = Jw\$m _| ahZm Ÿ&OZn`moJ =bmoJmo Ho$ Cn`moJ _| AmZm Ÿ& {dda = N>oX Ÿ& Mm¡amhm = Mma amñVm| H$m {_bZ ñWb Ÿ&AZno{jV = AZ{ƒV Ÿ& {_Vbr = C~H$mB© Ÿ& ~mg = XwJ©ÝY Ÿ& H$mobVma =S>m_a Ÿ& nmfmU nr{R>H$m =nËWa H$s Mm¡H$s Ÿ& ~wX ~wXm ahm = Yr_o-Yr_o ~mobZm Ÿ& gwamJ -agr = oX OmZZm Ÿ& JwOa J o O_mZo Ho$= AVrV Ho$ Ÿ& Hw$ŠdwQ> = _wJm© Ÿ& _grhm = CÕma H$aZo dmbm Ÿ& {_Å>r H$m bm¢Xm = {_Å>r H$m JrbmQw>H$‹S>m Ÿ& {H$agrbo = CnOmD$ Ÿ& AmË_m H$m qnOa = Xoh Ÿ& R>R>ar = T>m§Mm Ÿ& Ñw{V nwéf = {Xì`nwéf Ÿ&Imohmo -Vohmo = Jw\$m Ÿ& ñ\$moQ>H$ = {dñ\$moQ> Ÿ& AY ybr = AmYr {dñ_¥V Ÿ& Wmbm = no‹S> Ho$ Mmam| Amoa~V Koam Ohm± nmZr ao Ÿ& ñdU©nwînm| = gwZhao \y$b Ÿ& H$ËWB© = H$ËWo Ho$ a§J H$m Ÿ& OrdZmZw d = OrdZ_| {_bm AZw d Ÿ& doXZm mñH$a = gy © H$s Vah g§doXZmdmbm Ÿ& A§VV©Ëdm| = _Z Ho$ {dMma Ÿ& ApñWH$dM = hS²>S>r H$m AmdaU Ÿ& {eam = AWwaº$dmhr Zg Ÿ& aJ = ewÕ aº$dmhr Zg Ÿ& \w$a\w$ar =Y‹S>H$Z Ÿ& {I\$bmB© = IrP _| ar Ÿ& Wmoamobr = AnZmnZ Ÿ& à §OZ = Am§Yr Ÿ& [ahm = Xmo‹T>Zm Ÿ& m¢hrH$s Or~o Ho$ N>oX = Am±Im| H$s OJh Ho$ N>oX Ÿ& ao{S>`mo EŠQ>rd = ao{S>`moY_u {H$aU| {~IoaZo dmbm Ÿ&ÁdbZ = ObVr hþB© Ÿ& {h_erV = ~\©$ Ho$ g_mZ R>§S>m Ÿ& níMmX² nX = nrN>o MbZo dmbm Ÿ& VBaH$Xbm| = Vmam| Ho$ Pw§S> Ÿ& {XŠH$mb = {XemE± Am¡a g_` Ÿ& n[aUV = ~Xbr hþB© Ÿ& H$_©{ebmE± = nËW-go Ñ‹T> H$_© Ÿ& {OÝXJr -gahX= OrdZ H$s gr_m Ÿ& _am hþAm gwZgmZ = _m¡V H$m gm gÞmQ>m Ÿ& J‹T>o OmVo= PyR> ~ZmZm Ÿ& OZ_Z Ca eya = OZVm H$m _Z OrVo Ÿ& CØmg = ~VmZo dmbm Ÿ& JQ>a = O_rZ Ho$ ZrMo

129

J§Xo nmZr H$m Zmbm Ÿ& pñßbQ> = {IgH$Vo hþE Ÿ& nËWa T>moH$m| = nËWam| go ê$H$mdQ> Ÿ& gm§oQ>m = S>§S>m Ÿ&àm_m{½Z ~_ = àmU Ap½Z dmbm ~_ Ÿ& A{ZH$a = Z éH$Zo dmbm Ÿ& KZ = ~‹S>m hWm¡‹S>m Ÿ& AZono{jV ={~Zm Mmhm Ÿ& {dÚwÎma§Jr` = {~Obr H$s Va§J-gr Ÿ& ~o_mn = A_mn Ÿ& J¡bar = _H$mZ _| J{b`mam Ÿ&AZImoOr = {~Zm Vbmer Ÿ& V{‹S>Va§JrZ = {~ÚwV Va§Jm| g_ Ÿ& ñdmZw^yV = AnZr AZw^y{V _| Ÿ&{H«$`mJV = {H«$`m go g§~§{YV Ÿ& AmË_ -g§^dm = _wP go CËnÞ hmoZo dmbr Ÿ&

3.1.5. Aä`mg àíZ : Aä`mg àíZ : Aä`mg àíZ : Aä`mg àíZ : Aä`mg àíZ : Hw$N> ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` A§e :Hw$N> ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` A§e :Hw$N> ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` A§e :Hw$N> ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` A§e :Hw$N> ì`m»`m Ho$ `mo½` A§e :

i) BVZo _| AH$ñ_mV ..... H$moB© _Zw Ÿ&ii) dh ahñ`m_` ì`{º$ ..... AmË_m H$s à{VH$ Ÿ&iii) H$hVm h¡ nma ..... _wPo Mmho Omo Mb| hmo Ÿ&iv) gyZr h¡ amh ..... H$moB© Zht ~mha Ÿ&v) {d{MÌ àmogogZ ..... Bg ~¢S> Xb _| Ÿ&vi) ^mB© dmh Ÿ& ..... {H$gr _¥VH$ - Xb H$s Ÿ&vii) EH$mEH$ _wPo ..... h¡ bJmVma Ÿ&viii) _oam {ga Ja_ h¡ ..... {ga {\$am {djá _pñVîH$ Ÿ&ix) hm` ! ¡m` ! _¢Zo CÝh| ..... H$mb Q>hbVm h¡ Ÿ&x) {ddoH$ MbmVm ..... gmoMZo {dMmaZo Ÿ&xi) H$hm± h¡ níMV² ..... {h_ Wmoamobr Ÿ&xii) [ahm ! ..... gwPmd g§Xoe oOVo ahVo Ÿ&xii) A~ {^ì`{º$ Ho$ ..... Zrb Ob _| h¡ Ÿ&xiv) Amg_mZ Pm§H$Vm h¡ ..... nm[aOmV nwîn _hH$Vo Ÿ&xv) g~ Mwn, gm{hpË`H$ ..... H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r Ÿ&xvi)AZImoOr {ZO g_¥{Õ ..... dh h¡ Ÿ&

XrK© CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :XrK© CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :XrK© CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :XrK© CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :XrK© CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :

H$) "A§Yoao _|' H${dVm Ho$ H$Ï` na àH$me S>m{b o Ÿ&I) à`moJdmXr H${dVm Ho$ ê$n _| "A§Yoao _|' H$s g_rjm H$hsg[{OE Ÿ&J) b§~r H${dVm Ho$ ê$n _| "A§Yoao _|' na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

130

K) "A§Yoao _|' Ho$ H$mì` d¡{eï²>` na àH$me S>m{b o Ÿ&L>) "A§Yoao _|' H$mo \|$Q>ogr Ho$ ê$n _| ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&M) "A§Yoao _|' _w{º$~moY H$s ~m¡{ÕH$Vm na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&N>) "A§Yoao _|' _| ñdmYrZmoÎma ^maV H$m H¡$gm {MÌ h¡ ? ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

bKyÎmar _ybH$ àíZ : bKyÎmar _ybH$ àíZ : bKyÎmar _ybH$ àíZ : bKyÎmar _ybH$ àíZ : bKyÎmar _ybH$ àíZ :

Q>) "A§Yoao _|' ñdßZ _| H${d Š`m XoIVm h¡ ?R>) "A§Yoao _|' H$moB© ì`{º$ Ky_Vm h¡ .... CgH$m n[aM` Xr{OE Ÿ&S>) "A§Yoao _|' H${d _me©b bm° H$s ~mV H$aVo h¢ - ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&T>) "A§Yoao _|' ~w{ÕOr{d`m| na Q>ßnUr H$s h¡ - Cgo ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&U) "A§Yoao _|' gm§H$b ~OmZo dmbo Ñí` H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&


V) "_w{º$~moY' H$m nyam Zm_ {b{IE Ÿ&W) "_w{º$~moY' {H$g amOZ¡{VH$ {dMmaYmam Ho$ Wo ?X) "A§Yoao _|' H${dVm {H$g g§H$bZ _| N>nr Wr ?Y) "_w{º$~moY' {H$V "Vma gáH$' _| g§H${bV {H$ o JE ?Z) "{dM{Ì AZw d !'' ... {H$go hmoVm h¡ ghr CÎma Xr{OE

i) H${d H$mo ii) OZVm H$moiii) emgH$ H$mo iv) {H$gr H$mo Zht

n) A~ A{^ì`{º$ Ho$ gmao IVao .... n§{º$ {ZåZ _| go ghr A§e MwZH$a {b{I o :

i) \o$H$Zo hm|Jo ii)J‹T>Zo hm|Jo iii) CR>mZo hm|Jo iv)BZ_| H$moB© Zht

\$) "A§Yoao _|' H${dVm H$m nhbo Š`m erf©H$ Wm - ghr CÎma MwZ H$a {b{IE :i) "Ame§H$m _|' ii)aº$mbmoH$ ñZmZ nwéfiii) bmb H«$m§{V vi)BZ_| H$moB© Zht Ÿ&

131

~) "aº$mbmoH$ ñZmV nwéf' H$m¡Z h¡, C{MV CÎma Mw{Zò : iii)_OXya iv)H${d v)ZoVm vi)BZ_| H$moB© Zht Ÿ&

^) "A§Yoao _|' dU©Z h¡ - C{MV CÎma Mw{Zò : i) \${gñQ> gÎmm H$m ii) Ym{_©H$ gÎmm H$m iii)_hm wÕ H$m vi)BZ_| H$moB© Zht Ÿ&

_)"AmË_ g§^dm' `h nX A§Yoao _| H$hm AmVm h¡ ? i) àma§^ _| ii)_Ü` _| iii)A§V _| vi) H$ht Zht Ÿ&

3.1.6 Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W : Cn`moJr J«§W :1. "_w{º$~moY' : _yë`m§H$Z - lr {díd§ a _mZd2. b{jV _w{º$~moY - eaX H$moR>mar3. "^maV -B{Vhmg Am¡a g§ñH¥${V : _w{º$~moY4. {hÝXr gm{hË` _| g§doXZm Am¡a {dH$mg - S>m. am_ñdê$n MVwd}Xr5. _w{º$~moY : nwZ_y©ë`m§H$Z - S>m. am_{dbmg e_m© Ÿ&

132

ŸA§Yoao _|ŸA§Yoao _|ŸA§Yoao _|ŸA§Yoao _|ŸA§Yoao _|

(`hm± Bg H${dVm H$m Omo nmR> n«ñVwV h¡ dh "H$ënZm' VWm "Mm±X H$m _w±h Q>o‹T>m h¡' _| àH$m{eVnmR>m| go {^Þ h¡ Am¡a H${d Ûmam BZ XmoZm| nmR>m| _| {H$ o J o g§emoYZ na AmYm[aV nm§Sw>{b{n Ho$ AZwgmah¡ Ÿ&)

1.

{OÝXJr Ho$ ...{OÝXJr Ho$ ...{OÝXJr Ho$ ...{OÝXJr Ho$ ...{OÝXJr Ho$ ...H$_am| _| A§YoaobJmVm h¡ MŠH$aH$moB© EH$ bJmVma ;

AmdmO n¡am| H$s XoVr h¡ gwZm`r~ma-~ma .... ~ma-~madh Zht XrIVm .... Zht hr XrIVm,{H$ÝVw dh ahm Ky_{V{bñ_r Imoh _| {JaâVma H$moB© EH$ ;^rV-nma AmVr hþB© nmg go,JhZ ahñ`_` AÝYH$ma -Üd{Z -gm

ApñVËd OZmVmA{Zdma H$moB© EH$,

Am¡a _oao ö>X` H$s YH$-YH$nyN>Vr h¡ - dh H$m¡ZgwZm`r Omo XoVm, na Zht XoVm {XIm`r !BVZo _| AH$ñ_mV² {JaVo h¢ ^tV go\y$bo hþE nbñVa

133

PaVr h¡ MyZoâr aoV{IgH$Vr h¡ nn{‹S>`m± Bg Vah-IwX-~-IwXH$moB© ~‹S>m Moham ~Z OmVm h¡,ñd`_{n_wI ~Z OmVm h¡ {Xdma naZwH$sbr ZmH$ Am¡a^ì` bbmQ> h¡,X¥‹T> hZw :H$moB© AZOmZr AZ-nhMmZr AmH¥${V Ÿ&H$m¡Z dh {XIm`r Omo XoVm, naZht OmZm OmVm !!H$m¡Z _Zw ?

~mha eha Ho$, nhm‹S>r Ho$ Cg nma Vmbm~....g~ Va\$ A±YoamàemÝV Ob,na ^rVa go CâVr h¡ ghgmg{bb Ho$ V_-í`m_ ereo _| H$moB© ídoV AmH¥${V

Ÿ Oharbm H$moB© ~‹S>m Moham \¡$b OmVm h¡Am¡a _wgH$mVm h¡,nhMmZ ~VmVm h¡,{H$ÝVw, _¢ hVËà^,Zht dh g_P _| AmVm Ÿ&

Aao ! Aao !!Vmbm~ Ho$ Amg-nmg, A§Yoao _| dZ-d¥jM_H$-M_H$ CR>Vo h¢ hao-hao AMmZH$d¥>jm| Ho$ ere na ZmM-ZmM CR>Vr h¢ {~O{b`m±,

134

emImE±, S>m{b`m±, Py_H$a PnQ>H$aMrI, EH$ Xygao na nQ>H$Vr h¢ {ga {H$ AH$ñ_mV²d¥jm| Ho$ A§Yoao _| {N>nr hþB© {H$gr EH${V{bñ_r Imoh H$m {ebm -ÛmaIwbVm h¡ Y‹S> go Ÿ......KwgVr h¢ bmb-bmb _emb AOr~-grAÝVamb -{~da Ho$ V_ _|bmb - bmb Hw$ham,Hw$hao _|, gm_Zo aº$mbmoH$ ñZmV-nwéf EH$,ahñ` gmjmV !!

VoOmoà^m_` CgH$m bbmQ> XoI,_oao A§J-A§J _| AOr~ EH$ Wa-Wa Ÿ&Jm¡adU©, Xrá -ÑJ, gm¡å`_wIgå^m{dV ñZoh-gm {à` hr gmjmV²JhZ EH$ gÝXoh Ÿ&

dh ahñ`_` ì`{º$A~ VH$ Z nm`r J`r _oar A{^ì`{º$ h¡,nyU© AdñWm dh{ZO-gå^mdZmAm|, {Z{hV à^mAm|, à{V^md H$s_oao n[anyU© H$m Am{d^m©d,öX` _| [ag aho kmZ H$m VZmd dh,AmË_m H$s à{V_m Ÿ&

{H$ÝVw dh \$Q>o hþE dó Š`mo§ nhZo h¡ ?CgH$m ñdU©-dU© _wI _¡bm Š`m| ?dj na BVZm ~‹S>m Kmd H¡$go hmo J`m ?

135

CgZo H$mamdmg -Xw:I Pobm Š`m| ?CgH$s BVZr ^`mZH$ pñW{V Š`m| h¡ ?amoQ>r Cgo H$m¡Z nh±þMmVm h¡ ?H$m¡Z nmZr XoVm h¡ ?àM§S> e{º$_mZ Š`m| {XIm`r XoVm h¡ ?

àíZ Wo J§ ra, em`X IVaZmH$ ^r,Bgr{bE ~mha Ho$ Jw§OZO§Jbm| go AmVr hþB© hdm Zo\y±$H$ _ma EH$mEH$ _emb hr ~wPm Xr ....{H$ _wPH$mo `m| A§Yoao _| nH$‹S>H$a_m¡V H$s gOm Xr !{H$gr H$mbo S>¡e H$s KZr H$mbr nQ²>Q>r hrAm±Im| na ~§Y J`r,{H$gr I‹S>r nmB© H$s gybr na _¢ Q>m±J {X`m J`m,{H$gr eyÝ` {~ÝXw Ho$ A±{Y`mao IÈ>o _|

{Jam {X`m J`m _¢

2.

gyZmnZ {ghamA§Yoao _| Üd{Z`m| Ho$ ~wb~wbo CâoeyÝ` Ho$ _wI na gbdQ§>o ñda H$s,_oao hr Ca na Y±gmVr hþB© {gaN>Q>nQ>m ahr h¡ eãXm| H$s bha|_rR>r h¡ Xw:gh !!Aao hm±, gm±H$b hr ah-ah~OVr h¡ Ûma na Ÿ&H$moB© _oar ~mV _wPo ~VmZo Ho$ {bE hr

136

~wbmVm h¡, ~wbmVm h¡ (öX` H$mo ghbm_mZmo {H$gr O{Q>b àg§J _| ghgmhmoR>m| na hm|R> aI, H$moB© gM-gM ~mVgrYo-grYo H$hZo H$mo V‹S>n Om`, Am¡a {\$adhr ~mV gwZH$a Y±g Om` _oam Or ....Bg Vah, gm±H$b hr ah-ah, ~OVr h¡ Ûma na )

AmYr amV, BVZo A§Yoao _|, H$m¡Z Am`m {_bZo ?{d_Z àVrjmVwa Hw$hao _| {Kam hþAmÚw{V_` _wI -dh ào_âm Moham -^mobm-^mbm md -nhMmZVm h±ÿ ~mha Omo I‹S>m h¡ !!`h dhr ì`{ŠV h¡, Or hm± !Omo _wPo {V{bñ_r Imoh _| {XIm Wm Ÿ&Adga -AZdgaàH$Q> Omo hmoVm hr ahVm,_oar gw{dYmAm| H$m Z V{ZH$ I`mb H$a Ÿ&Mmho Ohm±, Mmho {Og g_` CnpñWV,Mmho {Og ê$n _|Mmho {OZ àVrH$m| _| àñVwV ;Bemao go ~VmVm h¡, g_PmVm ahVm,öX` H$mo XoVm h¡ {~Obr Ho$ PQ>Ho$ !!Aao, CgHo$ Mohao na {IbVr h¢ gw~h|,Jmbm| na MQ²>Q>mZr M_H$ nR>ma H$sAm±Im| _| {H$aUrbr empÝV H$s bha|Cgo XoI, ß`ma C_‹S>Vm h¡ Z`Z Ÿ&bJVm h¡ - XadmOm ImobH$a~m±hm| _| H$g by±öX` _| aI b±y

137

Kwb OmD±$, {_b OmD±$, {bnQ>H$a Cggo Ÿ&na§Vw ^`mZH$ IÈ>o Ho$ A§Yoao _| AmhV

Am¡a jV-{djV _¢ n‹S>m hþAm h±ÿ ;e{º$ hr Zht h¡ {H$ CR> gHy±$ Oam â(`h ^r Vmo ghr h¡ {H$H$_Omo[a`m| go hr _moh _wPH$mo)Bgr{bE Q>mbVm h±ÿ Cg _oao {à` H$moH$VamVm ahVm,S>aVm ahVm Cggo Ÿ&dh {~R>m XoVm h¡ Vw§J {eIa Ho$IVaZmH$, IwaXao H$Jma-VQ> na ;emoMZr` pñW{V _| hr N>mo‹S> XoVm _wPH$mo Ÿ&H$hVm h¡ -"ß`ma H$amo nd©V -g§{Y Ho$ Jâañgr Ho$ nwb na MbH$aXya Cg {eIa-H$Jma na ñd § hr nh±þMmo Ÿ&Aao mB©, _wPo Zht Mm{hE {eIam| H$s mÌm,_wPo S>a bJVm h¡ D±$MmB`m| go ;~OZo Xmo gm±H$b !!CR>Zo Xmo A§Yoao _| Üd{Z`m| Ho$ ~wb~wbo;dh OZ .... d¡go hrAmn Mbm Om oJm Am`m Wm O¡go Ÿ&IÈ>o Ho$ A§Yoao _| _¢ n‹S>m ah±ÿJmnr‹S>mE± g_oQ> !!Š`m H$ê±$ Š`m Zht H$ê±$ _wPo ~VmAmo ;Bg V_-eyÝ` _| V¡aVr h¡ OJV² g_rjmH$s hþB© CgH$s(gh Zht gH$Vm){ddoH$-{djo_ _hmZ² CgH$m

138

V~ AÝVamb _| (gh Zht gH$Vm)A±{Y`mao _wP_| Úw{V-AmH¥${V -gm^{dî` H$m ZŠem {X`m hþAm CgH$mgh Zht gH$Vm Ÿ&Zht, Zht, CgH$mo _¢ N>mo‹S> Zht gHy±$JmghZm n‹S>o _wPo Mmho Omo ^bo hr Ÿ&H$_Omoa KwQ>Zm| H$mo ~ma-~ma _gb,b‹S>I‹S>mVm hþAm _¢CR>Vm h±ÿ XadmOm ImobZo,Mohao Ho$ aº$hrZ {d{MÌ eyÝ` H$mo Jhaonm|N>Vm h±ÿ hmW go,A§Yoao Ho$ Amoa-N>moa Q>Q>mob -Q>Q>mobH$a~‹T>>Vm h±ÿ AmJo,n¡am| go _hgyg H$aVm h±ÿ YaVr H$m \¡$bmdhmWm| go _hgyg H$aVm h±ÿ {XemE±gm±gm| go AZw^d H$aVm h±ÿ Xw{Z`m_ñVH$ AZw d H$aVm h¡ AmH$me{Xb _| V‹S>nVm h¡ A§Yoao H$m AÝXmO,Am±I| o VÏ` gy±KVr-gr bJVr,Ho$db e{º$ h¡ ñne© H$s Jhar Ÿ&AmË_m _|, rfUgV²-{MV -doVZm Ob CR>r, XhH$s Ÿ&{dMma hmo J o {dMaU -ghMa Ÿ&~‹T>Vm h±ÿ AmJo,MbVm h±ÿ g± b-g± bH$ana Q>Q>mobVm,O§J-Im`r, O_r hþB© , O~aZ{MQ>IZr {hbmH$aOmoa bJm, XadmOm ImobVm,

139

Pm±H$Vm h±ÿ ~mha ....gyZr h¡ amh AOr~ h¡ \¡$bmd,gd© -A§Yoam Ÿ&T>rbr Am±Im| go XoIVm h¡ {dídCXmg Vmao Ÿ&ha ~ma gmoM Am¡a ha ~ma A\$gmogha ~ma {OH«$Ho$ H$maU ~‹T>o hþE XX© H$m _mZmo {H$ Xya dhm±, Xya dhm±A±{Y`mam nrnb XoVm h¡ nham Ÿ&hdmAm| H$s {Z:g§J bham| _| H$m±nVrHw$Îmm| H$s Xya-Xya AbJ-AbJ AmdmO,Q>H$amVr ahVr {g`mam| H$s Üd{Z go Ÿ&H$m±nVr h¡ Xy[a`m±, Jy±OVo h¢ \$mgbo(~mha H$moB© Zht, H$moB© Zht ~mha)

BVZo _| A±{Y`mao gyZo _| H$moB© MrI J`m h¡amV H$m njrH$hVm h¡ :dh Mbm J`m h¡,dh Zht Am oJm, Am oJm hr ZhtA~ Voao Ûma na Ÿ&dh {ZH$b J`m h¡ Jm±d _| eha _| Ÿ&CgH$mo Vy ImoO A~CgH$m Vy emoY H$a !dh Voar nyU©V_ na_ A{^ì`{º$,CgH$m Vy {eî` h¡ (`Ú{n nbmVH$....)dh Voam Jwé h¡Jwé h¡ ....

140

3.

g_P Z nm`m {H$ Mb ahm ñdßZ `mOmJ¥{V ewê$ h¡ Ÿ&

{X`m Ob ahm h¡,nrVmbmoH$ -àgma _| H$mb Jb ahm h¡,Amg-nmg \¡$br hþB© OJ-AmH¥${V`m±bJVr h¢ N>nr hþB© O‹S> {MÌ-AmH¥$`m|-grAbJ d Xya -Xya{ZOud !!`h {g{db bmBÝg h¡ Ÿ& _¢ AnZo H$_ao _|`hm± n‹S>m hþAm h±ÿ Ÿ&Am±I| Iwbr hþB© h¢,nrQ>o J o ~mbH$-gm _ma Im`m MohamCXmg BH$ham,gboQ>-nÅ>r na ItMr J`r Vgdra

yV-O¡gr AmH¥${V -Š`m dh _¢ h±ÿ ?_¢ h±ÿ ?

amV Ho$ Xmo ~Oo h¢,Xya-Xya O§Jb _| {g`mam| H$m hmo-hmo,nmg-nmg AmVr hþB© KhamVr Jy±OVr{H$gr aobJm‹S>r Ho$ n{h`m| H$s AmdmO !!{H$gr AZno{jVAgå^d KQ>Zm H$m `mZH$ gÝXoh,AMoVZ àVrjm,

141

H$ht H$moB© aob-EŠgrS>|Q> Z hmo Om` Ÿ&{MÝVm Ho$ J{UV A§H$Amg_mZr gboQ>-nÅ>r na M_H$Vo{I‹S>H$s go XrIVo Ÿ&...............hm` ! hm` ! Vm°ëgVm°H¡$go _wPo XrI Jò{gVmam| Ho$ ~rM-~rMKy_Vo d éH$Von¥Ïdr H$mo XoIVo Ÿ&

em`X, Vm°ëgVm° -Zw_mH$moB© dh AmX_rAm¡a h¡ :_oao {H$gr ^rVar YmJo H$m Am{Iar N>moa dh,AZ{bIo _oao CnÝ`mg H$m Ho$ÝÐr` g§doXZX~r hm`-hm`-Zw_m,em`X Vm°ëgVm° -Zw_m Ÿ&

àmogoeZ ?{ZñVãY ZJa Ho$ _Ü` -am{Ì -A§Yoao _| gwZgmZ{H$gr Xya ~¡ÊS> H$s X~r hþB© H«$_mJV VmZ-YwZ,_ÝX-Vma Cƒ -{ZåZ ñda-ñdZCXmg-CXmg Üd{Z -Va§Jo§ h¢ Jå^raXrK© bh[a`m± Ÿ!!

J¡bar _| OmVm h±ÿ, XoIVm h±ÿ amñVm`h H$mobVma-^` AWdm_ar hþB© qIMr hþB© H$moB© H$mbr {Oˆm

142

{~Obr Ho$ Úw{V_mZ Xr o `m_ao hþE Xm±Vm| H$m M_H$Xma Z_yZm !!{H$ÝVw Xya g‹S>H$ Ho$ Cg N>moaerVâo Wam©Vo Vmam| Ho$ A±{Y`mao Vb _|Zrb-VoO-CX² mgnmg-nmg nmg -nmgAm ahm Bg Amoa Ÿ&X~r hþB© Jå^ra ñda-ñdßZ Va§J|,CXmg VmZ-YwZ eV -Üd{Z -g§J_-g§JrVg_rn Am ahm !!

Am¡a A~J¡gbmBQ> nm±Vm| H$s {~ÝXwE± {N>Q>H$s~rMm|~rM CZHo$gm±dbo Owbyg -gm Š`m Hw$N> XrIVm !!

Am¡a A~ J¡gbmBQ> {ZbmB© _| a§Jo hþE Anm{W©d Mohao~¡ÊS> -Xb,CZHo$ nrN>o H$mbo-H$mbo ~bdmZ Kmo‹S>m| H$m OËWmXrIVm,KZm d S>amdZm AdMoVZ hrOwbyg _| MbVm Ÿ&Š`m emo m-`mÌm{H$gr _¥Ë w-Xb H$s ?

AOr~ !!XmoZm| Amoa Zrbr, -J¡gbmBQ>-nm±VMb ahr, Mb ahr Ÿ&ZtX _| Imo o hþE eha H$s JhZ AdMoVZm _|

143

hbMb (nmVmbr Vb _|M_H$Xma gm±nm| H$s C‹S>Vr hþB© bJmVmabH$sam| H$s ~maXmV !!g~ gmo o hþE h¢ Ÿ&bo{H$Z, _¢ OmJ ahm, XoI ahmamo_m§MH$mar h OmXwB© H$am_mV !!){d{MÌ àmogoeZ,Jå^ra pŠdH$ _mM© ....H$bm~Îmydmbr H$mbr OarXma S´>¡g nhZoM_H$Xma ~¡ÊS>-Xb -ApñW-ê$n, H¥$V -ñdê$n, CXa -AmH¥${VAm±Vm| Ho$ Ombm|-go CbPo hþE, ~mOo do X_H$Vo h¢ ^`§H$aJå^ra JrV ñdZ-Va§J|Üd{Z`m| Ho$ AmdV© _±S>amVo nW na Ÿ&~¡ÊS> Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ Mohao{_bVo h¢ _oao XoIo hþAm| go,bJVm h¡ CZ_| H$B© à{V{ð>V nÌH$maBgr ZJa Ho$ !!~‹S>o-~‹S>o Zm_ Aao, H¡$go em{_b hmo Jò Bg ~¡ÊS>-Xb _| !!CZHo$ nrN>o Mb ahmg§JrZ-ZmoH$m| H$m M_H$Vm O§Jb,Mb ahr nXMmn, Vmb~Õ XrK© nm±VQ>¢H$-Xb, _moQ>m©a Am{Q>©bar gÞÕYrao-Yrao ~‹T> ahm Owbyg `mdZm,g¡{ZH$m| Ho$ nWamò Mohao{M‹T>o hþE, Pwbgo hþE, {~J‹S>o hþE Jhao Ÿ&em`X _¢Zo CÝh| nhbo H$ht ^r XoIm Wm Ÿ&em`X, CZ_| _oao H$B© n[a{MV !!CZHo$ nrN>o `h Š`m !!

144

H¡$dbar !!H$mbo-H$mbo Kmo‹S>m| na ImH$s {_{bQ´>r S´>og,Mohao H$m AmYm ^mJ {gÝXyar -JoéAmAmYm mJ H$mobVmar ¡ad,^`mZH$ !!hmWm| _| M_H$Vr grYr I‹S>r VbdmaAm~Xma !!H$ÝYo go H$_a VH$ H$maVygr ~¡ëQ> h¡ {VaN>m Ÿ&H$_a _|, M_‹S>o Ho$ H$da _| {nñVm¡b,amofâr EH$mJ« Ñ{ï> _| Yma h¡,H$Z©b, {~«Jo{S>à OZab, _me©bH$B© Am¡a goZmn{V goZmÜ`jMohao do _oao OmZo-~yPo-go bJVo,CZHo$ {MÌ g_mMma-nÌm| _| N>no WoCZHo$ boI XoIo Wo,`hm± VH$ {H$ H${dVmE± n‹T>r Wt^B© dmh !CZ_| H$B© àH$mÊS> AmbmoMH$, {dMmaH$, OJ_JmVo H${dJU_ÝÌr r, CÚmoJn{V Am¡a {dÛmZ²`hm± VH$ {H$ eha H$m hË`mam Hw$»`mVS>mo_mOr CñVmX~ZVm h¡ ~b~Zhm` ! hm` !!`hm± o XrIVo h¢ yV-{nemM -H$m` Ÿ&^rVa H$m amjgr-ñdmW© A~gm\$ Câ Am`m h¡,Nw>no hþE CÔoí``hm± {ZIa Amò h¢,`h emo m-`mÌm h¡ {H$gr _¥Ë w-Xb H$s Ÿ&

145

({dMma H$s {\$aH$s{ga _| h¡ Ky_Vr Ÿ&)

BVZo _| àmogoeZ _| go Hw$N> _oar AmoaAm±I| CR>t amofâöX` _| _mZmo {H$ g§JrZ ZmoH|$ hr Kwg n‹S>r ~~©ag‹S>H$ na CR> I‹S>m hmo J`m H$moB© emoa -"_mamo Jmobr' XmJmo ñgmbo H$mo EH$X_Xw{Z`m H$s ZOam| go hQ>mH$aNw>no VarHo$ goh_ Om aho Wo {H$AmYr amV A§Yoao _| CgZoXoI {b`m h_H$mod OmZ J`m dh g~_ma S>mbmo, CgH$mo IV_ H$amo EH$X_ Ÿ&'

amñVo na mJ-Xm¡‹S> Y_m-nob !!J¡bar go mJm _¢ ngrZo go gam~moa !!

EH$mEH$ Qy>Q> J`m ñdßZ d {N>Þ-{N>Þhmo Jò g~ {MÌ !

OmJVo _| {\$a go `mX AmZo bJm dh ñdßZ,{\$a go `mX AmZo bJo A±Yoao _| MohaoAm¡a V~ _wPo àVrV hþAm ^`mZH$JhZ _¥VmË_mE± Bgr ZJa H$sha amV Owbyg _| MbVr,na§Vw, {XZ _|~¡R>Vr h¡§ {_bH$a H$aVr hþB© fS²>`§Ì

146

{d{^Þ XâVam|-H$m`m©b`m|, H|$Ðm| _|, Kam| _| Ÿ&hm` ! hm` ! _¢Zo CÝh| XoI {b`m Z§Jm,BgH$s _wPo Am¡a gOm {_boJr Ÿ&

4.

AH$ñ_mV²Mma H$m JOa H$ht I‹S>H$m,_oam {Xb Y‹S>H$m,CXmg _Q>_¡bm _Z ê$nr dmë_rH${dM{bV Ÿ&A{JZV H$mbr-H$mbr hm`\$Z-S>¡em| H$s bH$sam| H$s hbMbg~ Amoa {~Iamd Ÿ&_¢ AnZo H$_ao _| `hm± boQ>m hþAm h±ÿ Ÿ&H$mbo-H$mbo ehVra N>V Ho$öX` X~moMVo Ÿ&`Ú{n Am±JZ _| Zb Omoa _maVm,Iy~ IImaVr nmZr H$s Ymam Ÿ&{H$ÝVw Z eara _| ~b h¡A±Yoao _| Jb ahm {Xb `h Ÿ&

EH$mEH$ _wPo ^mZ hmoVm h¡ OJ H$m,AI~mar Xw{Z`m H$m \¡$bmd,\±$gmd, {Kamd, VZmd h¡ g~ AmoanÎmo Z I‹S>H|$goZm Zo Koa br h§¡ g‹S>H|$ Ÿ&~w{Õ H$s _oar aJ{JZVr h¡ g_` H$s YH$YH$ Ÿ&`h g~ Š`m h¡ ?

147

{H$gr OZ-H«$m§{V Ho$ X_Z-{Z{_Îm h_me©b bm° h¡ !!

X_ N>mo‹S> aho ^mJ J{b`m| _| _oao n¡agm±g bJr hþB© h¡,O_mZo H$s Or^ {ZH$b n‹S>r h¡,H$moB© _oam nrN>m H$a ahm h¡ bJmVma^mJVm _¢ X_ N>mo‹S>,Ky_ J`m H$B© _mo‹S>Mm¡amhm Xya go hr XrIVm,dhm± em`X H$moB© g¡{ZH$ nhaoXmaZht hmoJm {\$bhmb Ÿ&XrIVm h¡ gm_Zo hr A§YH$ma-ñVyn-gm^ §H$a ~aJX -g^r Cno{jVm|, g_ñV d§{MVm|,Jar~m| H$m dhr Ka, dhr N>V,CgHo$ hr Vb-Imoh-A±Yoao _| gmo ahoJ¥hhrZ H$B© JòS>mbm| _| bQ>Ho$ Omo _Q>_¡bo {MW‹So>{H$gr EH$ A{V XrZnmJb Ho$ YZ do Ÿ&hm±, dhm± ahVm h¡ {ga{\$am H$moB© EH$ Ÿ&

{H$ÝVw , AmO Bg amV ~mV AOr~ h¡ !dhr Omo {ga{\$am nmJb H$VB© WmAmO EH$mEH$ dhOmJ[aV -~w{Õ h¡ àÁd{bV-Yr h¡ Ÿ&N>mo‹S> {ga{\$amnZ,~hþV D±$Mo Jbo go,

148

Jm ahm H$moB© nX, H$moB© JmZAmË_moX²~moY_` !!

Iy~ ^B©, Iy~ ^B©OmZVm Š`m dh ^r {H$g¡{ZH$ àemgZ h¡ ZJa _| dmH$B© !Š`m CgH$s ~w{Õ r OJ J`r !!

( H$éU agmb do öX` Ho$ ñda h¢JÚmZwdmX hm± CZH$m {X`m Om ahm)

"....Amo _oao AmXe©dmXr _Z,Amo _oao {gÕmÝVdmXr _Z,A~ VH$ Š`m {H$`m ?OrdZ Š`m {O`m !!CXå^[a ~Z AZmË_ ~Z J o,

yVm| H$s emXr _| H$ZmV go VZ J o,{H$gr ì`{^Mma Ho$ ~Z J o {~ñVma

Xw:Im| Ho$ XmJm| H$mo V_Jm|-gm nhZm,AnZo hr I`mbm| _| {XZ-amV ahZm,Ag§J ~w{Õ d AHo$bo _| ghZm,{OÝXJr {ZîH«$` ~Z J`r VbKa

A~ VH$ Š`m {H$`m,OrdZ Š`m {O`m !!

~VmAmo Vmo {H$g-{H$g Ho$ {bE Vw_ Xm¡‹S> J o,H$éUm Ho$ Ñí`m| go hm` ! _w±h _mo‹S> Jò,

149

~Z J o nËWa ;~hþV-~hþV Á`mXm {b`m,

{X`m ~hþV-~hþV H$_ ;_a J`m Xoe, Aao Or{dV ah J o Vw_ !!

bmoH${hV -{nVm H$mo Ka go {ZH$mb {X`m,OZ-_Z H$éUm-gr _m± H$mo hH$mb {X`m,ñdmWm] Ho$ Q>o[aà Hw$Îmm| H$mo nmb {b`m^mdZm Ho$ H$Îm©ì` ... Ë`mJ {X o,öX` Ho$ _ÝVì` ... _ma S>mbo !~w{Õ H$m ^mb hr \$mo‹S> {X`m,VH$m] Ho$ hmW CIm‹S> {X o,O_ J o, Om_ hþE, \±$g J o,AnZo hr H$sM‹S> _| Y±g J o !!{ddoH$ ~Kma S>mbm ñdmWm] Ho$ Vob _|AmXe© Im J o Ÿ&A~ VH$ Š`m {H$`m,OrdZ Š`m {O`mÁ`mXm {b`m, Am¡a {X`m ~hþV-~hþV H$__a J`m Xoe, Aao Or{dV ah J o Vw_ !!

_oam {ga Ja_ h¡,Bg{bE a_ h¡ Ÿ&gnZm| _| MbVm h¡ AmbmoMZ,{dMmam| Ho$ {MÌm| H$s Ad{b _| {MÝVZ Ÿ&{ZOËd-^mn$ h¡ ~oM¡Z,Š`m H$é± {H$ggo H$h±ÿH$hm± OmD±$, {Xëbr `m C‚m¡Z ?

150

d¡{XH$ F${f fwZ:eon Ho$emn «ï> {nVm AOrJV© g_mZ hrì`{º$Ëd AnZm hr, AnZo go Imo m hþAm,dhr Cgo AH$ñ_mV² {_bVm Wm amñVo _| Ÿ& nmJb Wm {XZ _|{ga{\$am {d{já _pñVîH$ Ÿ&

hm` ! hm` !CgZo ^r `h Š`m Jm {X`m,`h CgZo Š`m Z`m bm {X`m,àË`j,_¢ I‹S>m hmo J`m IwX hr Ho$ gm_Zo{ZO H$s hr KZ N>m`m-_y{V©-gm JhamhmoZo bJr ~hg Am¡abJZo bJo nañna V_mMo Ÿ&{N>: nmJbnZ h¡,

J{b`m| _| AÝYH$ma ^`mdh ..._mZmo _oao H$maU hr Jb J`m_me©bm bm° dh,_mZmo _oar {ZîH«$` g§km Zo g§H$Q> ~wbm`m,_mZmo _oao H$maU hr XwK©Q>hþB© h KQ>Zm Ÿ&

MH«$ go MH«$ bJm hþAm h¡ ...{OVZm hr Vrd« h¡ Û§Û {H«$`mAm| KQ>ZmAm| H$m~mhar Xw{Z`m _|,CVZm hr VoOr go ^rVar Xw{Z`m _|MbVm h¡ Û§Û {H$

151

{\$H«$ go {\$H«$ bJr hþB© h¡ Ÿ&AmO Cg nmJb Zo _oar M¡Z wbm Xr,_oar ZtX J±dm Xr Ÿ&

_¢ Bg ~aJX Ho$ nmg I‹S>m h±ÿ Ÿ&

_oam `h MohamYwbVm h¡ OmZo {H$g AWmh Jå^ra gm±dbo Ob go,PwHo$ hþE Jw_gw_ Qy>Q>o hþE Kam| Ho${V{_a AVb goYwbVm h¡ _Z `h Ÿ&am{Ì Ho$ í`m_b Amog go jm{bVH$moB© Jwé Jå^ra _hmZ² ApñVËd_hH$Vm I±S>ha-àgmam| _| CÚmZJwbm~r-M_obr Ho$, am{Ì-{V{_a _|,_hH$Vo hm|, _hH$Vo hr ahVo hm| ha nb Ÿ&{H$ÝVw do CÚmZ H$hm± h¢,A±Yoao _| nVm Zht MbVm Ÿ&_mÌ gwJÝY h¡ g~ Amoana, Cg _hH$ -bha _|H$moB© Nw>nr doXZm, H$moB© Jwá {MÝVmN>Q>nQ>m ahr h¡, N>Q>nQ>m ahr h¡ Ÿ&

5.

EH$mEH$ _wPo mZ !!nrN>o go {H$gr AOZ~r ZoH$ÝYo na aŠIm hmW Ÿ&Mm¢H$Vm _¢ `ZmH$

152

EH$mEH$ WaWa a|J J`r {ga VH$,Zht, Zht ! D$na go {JaH$aH$ÝYo na ~¡R> J`m, ~aJX-nmV EH$Š`m dh g§Ho$V, Š`m dh Bemam ?Š`m dh {MÆ>r h¡ {H$gr H$s ?~aJX-AmË_m H$m nÌ h¡ dh Š`m ?H$m¡Z-gm B§{JV ?

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153

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154

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155

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156

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BVZo _| Amg_mZ H$m±nm d Ym± -Ym±

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_¡§ Cgo gwZZo H$m H$aVm h±ÿ `ËZ{H$ XoIVm Š`m h±ÿ-gm_Zo _oaogXu _| ~moao H$mo Amo‹T>H$aH$moB© EH$, AnZohmW-n¡a g_oQ>o,H$m±n ahm, {hb ahm !! _a Om`Jm !!BVZo _| `h {ga ImobVm h¡ ghgm~mb {~Iao,XrIVo h¢ H$mZ {H${\$a _w±h ImobVm h¡, dh Hw$N>~wX~wXm ahm h¡,{H$ÝVw, _¢ gwZVm hr Zht h±ÿ Ÿ&Ü`mZ go XoIVm-h±ÿ-dh H$moB© n[a{MV,{Ogo Iy~ XoIm Wm, {ZaIm Wm H$B© ~mana nm`m Zht Wm Ÿ&Aao hm±, dh Vmo ...{dMma CR>Vo hr X~ J o

159

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161

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{H$ÝVw, Z OmZo Š`m| ~hþV àgÞ h±ÿ Ÿ&({OgH$mo Z _¢ Bg OrdZ _| H$a nm`m,dh H$a ahm h¡)_¢ {eew-nrR> H$mo WnWnm ahm h±ÿ,AmË_m h¡ Jrbr Ÿ&n¡a AmJo ~‹T> aho, _Z AmJo Om ahm Ÿ&

Sy>~Vm h±ÿ _¢ {H$gr ^rVar gmoM _|...öX` H$s Wmh _| aº$ H$m Vmbm~,aº$ _| Sy>~r ahr bmb-bmb {H$aU|,AZw^d aº$ _| Sw>~o h¢ g§H$ën,MbVo h¢ gmW-gmW Ÿ&A±{Y`mar J{b`m| _| MbVm Om ahm h±ÿ Ÿ&

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CZ ñdU©-nwînm| go àH$me -{dH$saUH$ÝYo na, {ga na, Jmbm| na, VZ na,amñVo na \¡$bo h¢ {H$aUm| Ho$ H$U-H$U Ÿ&^B© dmh, h Iy~ !!BVZo _| Jbr EH$ Am J`r Am¡a _¢XadmOm Iwbm hþAm XoIVm Ÿ&OrZm h¡ A±Yoam Ÿ&H$ht H$moB© {T>~ar-gr {Q>_{Q>_m ahr h¡ Ÿ&_¢ ~‹T> ahm h±ÿH$ÝYm| na \y$bm| Ho$ bQ>H$Vo do JÀN>oŠ`m hþE, H$hm± J o ?H$ÝYo Š`mo§ dOZ go XwI aho ghgm Ÿ&Amo hmo !!~ÝXyH$ Am J`r~mh dm !!dOZXma am`\$b,^B© Iy~ !!

Iwbm-Iwbm H$_am h¡ gm±dbr hdm h¡,Pm±H$Vo h¢ {I‹S>H$s go, A±Yoao _| Q>±Ho$ hþE {gVmao\$¡br h¡ ~\$s©br gm±g-gr , dramZ{VVa-{~Va g~ \¡$bm h¡ gm_mZ Ÿ&~rM _| hr H$moB© O_rZ na ngam,\¡$bmò ~m±h|, T>h n‹S>m Am{Ia Ÿ&_¢ Xoh Ho$ Mohao na \¡$bmVm Q>m°M© {H$ `h Š`m -IyZâo ~mb _| Jmobr H$m gyamI,IyZ H$m naXm-gm Jmbm| na \¡$bm,hmoR>m| na gyIr h¡ H$ËWB© Ymam,\y$Q>m h¡ Mí_m, ZmH$ h¡ grYr,

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Amoâ\$mo ! EH$mÝV -{à` h _oamn[a{MV ì`{º$ h¡, dhr, hm±,gMmB© Wr {g\©$ EH$ Ahgmgdh H$bmH$ma WmJ{b`m| Ho$ A§A±Yoao H$m öX` _| ^ma Wm Ÿna H$m © j_Vm go d§{MV ì`{º$ËdMbmVm Wm AnZm Ag§J ApñVËd Ÿ&gwHw$_ma _mZdr` öX`m| Ho$ AnZoew{MÎma {díd Ho$ _mÌ Wo gnZo Ÿ&ñdßZ d kmZ d OrdZmZw d OmohbMb H$aVm Wm ah-ah {Xb _|,{H$gr H$mo ^r Xo Zht nm`m Wm dh Vmo Ÿ&eyÝ` Ho$ Ob _| Sy>~ J`m Zradhmo Zht nm`m Cn`moJ CgH$m Ÿ&{H$ÝVw Z OmZo {H$g emoH$ _| Š`m H$a JwOam {H$gÝXohmñnX g_Pm J`m Am¡a_mam J`m dh ~{YH$m| Ho$ hmWm| Ÿ&_w{º$ H$m BÀNw>H$ V¥fmÎm© AÝVa_w{º$ Ho$ `ËZm| Ho$ gmW {ZaÝVag~H$m Wm ß`mam,AnZo _| Úw{V_mZ Ÿ&CgH$m m| dY hþAm,_a J`m EH$ wJ,_a J`m EH$ OrdZmXe© !!BVZo _| _wPH$mo hr {M‹T>mVm h¡ H$moB© Ÿ&gdmb h¡ - _¢ Š`m H$aVm Wm A~ VH$^mJVm {\$aVm Wm g~ Amoa Ÿ&({\$Oyb h¡ Bg dº$ H$mogZm IwX H$mo)EH$X_ Oê$ar -XmoñVm| H$mo ImoOy±

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Ÿ nmD±$ _¢ Z o-Z o ghMagH$_©H$-gV²-{MV² doXZm -^mñda !!

OrZo go CVam,EH$X_ {dÐÿn ê$nm| go {Ka J`m ghgmnH$‹S> _erZ -gr,^`mZH$ AmH$a KoaVo h¢ _wPH$mo,_¢ AmVVm`r gÎmm Ho$ gå_wI Ÿ

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165

(A§ÝVÎm©Ëdm| H$m nwZà©~ÝY Am¡a nwZì`©dñWmnwZJ©R>Z-gm hmoVm Om ahm)

Ñí` hr ~Xbm, {MÌ ~Xb J`mO~aZ bo Om`m J`m _¢ JhaoA±{Y`mao H$_ao Ho$ ñ`mh {g\$a _| Ÿ&Qy>Q>o-go ñQy>b> na {~R>m`m J`m h±ÿ Ÿ&ere H$s hÈ>r Om ahr Vmo‹S>r Ÿ&bmoho H$s H$sb na ~‹S>o hWm¡‹S>on‹S> aho bJmVma Ÿ&ere H$m _moQ>m ApñW-H$dM hr {ZH$mb S>mbm Ÿ&XoIm Om ahm -_ñVH$- §Ì _| H$m¡Z-go {dMmam| H$s H$m¡Z-gr D$Om©H$m¡Z-gr aJ _| H$m¡Z-gr \w$a\w$ar,H$hm± h¡ níMV² -H¡$_am {Og_|VÏ`m| Ho$ OrdZ -Ñí` CVaVo,H$hm±-H$hm± jmo H$-ñ\$moQ>H$ gm_mZ Ÿ&^rVa H$ht na J‹S>o hþE JhaoVbKa AÝXaNw>no hþE N>mnmImZo H$mo ImoOmo Ÿ&Ohm± {H$ MwnMmn I`mbm| Ho$ nM}N>nVo ahVo h¢ (~m±Q>o OmVo)Bg g§»` Ho$ _§Ìr H$mo ImoOmoem`X CgH$m hr Zm_ hmo AmñWm,H$hm± h¡ gaJZm Bg Qw>H$‹S>r H$mH$hm± h¡ AmË_m ?(Am¡a _¢ gwZVm h±ÿ {M‹T>r hþB© D±$Mr{IPbm`r AmdmO)ñH«$sqZJ H$amo.... {_ñQ>a Jwám,H«$mg EH$Om{_Z {h_ Wmoamobr !!

166

Mm~wH$ -M_H$manrR> na `Ú{nCI‹S>o M_© H$s H$ËWB© -a{º$_ aoImE± Câtna `h AmË_m Hw$eb ~hþV h¡,Xoh _| a|J ahr g§doXZm Ho$PZPZ Vmam| H$mo O~aZg_oQ>H$a g~ dhdoXZm-{dñVma H$aHo$ BH$Æ>m_oam _Z `h, Omoa bJmH$a~bmV CZH$s N>moQ>r-gr hS²>S>>rJR>mZ ~m±YVm g»V d _O~yV_mZmo {H$ nËWa Ÿ&Omoa bJmH$aCgr JR>mZ H$mo hWo{b`m| goH$aVm h¡ Mya-MyaYyb _| {~Iam XoVm h¡ CgH$mo Ÿ&_Z `h h>Q>Vm h¡ Xoh H$s hX goOmVm h¡ H$ht na AbJ OJV² _| Ÿ&{d{MÌ jU h¡,{g\©$ h±ÿ OmXy_mÌ _¢ {~Obr`Ú{n Imoh _| Iy±Q>o go ~±Ym h±ÿX¡Ë` h¢ Amg-nmg{H$ÝVw h±ÿ MwnMmn nÌ Ho$ ê$n _|{H$gr EH$ Oo~ _|dh Oo~ ...{H$gr EH$ \$Q>o hþE _Z H$s Ÿ&

g_ñda g_Vmb,ghmZw y{V H$s gZgZr H$mo_b !!

167

h_ H$hm± Zht h¢,g^r OJh _Z Ÿ&{ZOVm h_mar Ÿ&^rVa-^rVa {~Obr Ho$ Or{dVVmam| Ho$ Ombo,ÁdbÝV Vmam| H$s ^rfU JwËWr,~mha-~mha Yyb-gr yarO_rZ H$s nn‹S>r Ÿ&Ap½Z H$mo boH$a _ñVH$ ApñWaCJ« à^§OZ boH$a Ca `h{~bHw$b {ZíMb Ÿ&^rfU e{º$ H$mo YmaU H$aHo$AmË_m H$s nmoemH$ XrZ d _¡br Ÿ&{d{MÌ ê$nm| H$mo YmaU H$aHo$MbVm h¡ OrdZ, bú`m| Ho$ nW na Ÿ&[ahm !!N>mo‹S> {X`m J`m !!A~ N>m`m -_wI H$B© H$aVo h¢ nrN>mí`m_mH$ma Z N>mo‹S>Vo h¢ _wPH$mo,Ohm± J`m, Ohm± éH$H$a, Ohm± Mbm,, dhm± na^m¢hm| Ho$ ZrMo ahñ`_` N>oX_maVo h¢ g§JrZ -Ñ{ï> H$s nËWar M_H$ h¡ n¡Zr Ÿ&

_wPo A~ ImoOZo hm|Jo gmWr-H$mbo Jwbm~ d ñ`mh godVr,í`m_ M_obr,g±dbm o H$_b Omo Imohm| Ho$ Ob _|,

y{_ Ho$ ^rVa nmVmb Vb _|

168

{Ibo hþE H$~ go ôOVo h¢ g§Ho$VgwPmd-g§Xoe oOVo ahVo !!BVZo _| ghgm Xya {j{VO naXrIVo h¢ _wPH$mo{~Obr H$s Z§Jr bVmAm| go Pa ahog\o$X Zrbo _mo{V`m MånB© \y$b Jwbm~r,CR>Vo h¢ dht na hmW AH$ñ_mV²Ap½Z Ho$ \y$bm| H$mo g_oQ>Zo bJVo Ÿ&_¢ CÝh| XoIZo bJVm h±ÿ EH$Q>H$ ;AMmZH$ {d{MÌ ñ\y${V© go _¢ rO_rZ na n‹S>o M_H$sbo nËWabJmVma MwZH$a{~Obr Ho$ \y$b ~ZmZo H$s H$mo{eeH$aVm h±ÿ Ÿ& apí_ {dH$saU-_oao ^r àñVa H$aVo h¢ à{VjU Ÿ&VoOpñH«$` _{U-aËZ h¢ o ^r Ÿ&{~Obr Ho$ \y$bm| H$s ^m±{V hraËZ h¢ do ^r,{H$ÝVw AgÝVmof _wPH$mo h¡ Jham,eãXm{^ì`{º$ -A^md H$m g§Ho$V Ÿ&H$mì`-M_ËH$ma CVZm hr a§JrZnaÝVw R>§S>m Ÿ&_oao ^r \y$b h¢ VoO{ñH«$` naA{Ve` erVb Ÿ&_wPH$mo Vmo ~oM¡Z {~Obr H$s ZrbrÁdbÝV ~m±hm| _| ~m±hm| H$mo CbPmH$aZr h¡ CVZr hr àXrá brbmAmH$me-â _| gmW-gmW CgHo$ Ky_Zm h¡ _wPH$mo_oao nmg Z ahm h¡ {~Obr H$m Jm¡a {H$

169

^rJH$a h±ÿ _oK _| H$mbmnaÝVw, _wP_| h¡ Jå^ra AmdoeAWmh àoaUmómoV H$m g§ _ Ÿ&Aao BZ a§JrZ nËWa-\y$bm| go _oamH$m_ Zht MboJm Ÿ!!Š`m H$h±ÿ_ñVH$-Hw§$S> _| ObVrgV²-{MV²-doXZm -gƒmB© d JbVr -_ñVH$ -{eamAm| _| VZmd {XZ-amV Ÿ&

A~ A{^ì`{º$ Ho$ gmao IVaoCR>mZo hr hm|Jo Ÿ&Vmo‹S>Zo hm|Jo hr _R> Am¡a J‹T> g~ Ÿ&nh±þMmZm hmoJm XwJ©_ nhm‹S>m| Ho$ Cg nmaV~ H$ht XoIZo {_boJr h_H$moZrbr Prb H$s bharbr Wmh|{Og_| {H$ à{Vnb H$m±nVm ahVmAéU H$_b EH$,Y±gZm hr hmoJmPrb Ho$ {h_-erV gwZrb Ob _| Ÿ&OmXwB© Prb H$mo H$aZr hr hmoJr _oar àVrjm Ÿ&

7.

Mm±X CJ Am`m h¡J{b`m| H$s AmH$mer bå~r -gr Mra _|{VaN>r h¡ {H$aUm| H$s _maCg Zr_ na{OgHo$ {H$ ZrMo{_Å>r Ho$ Jmob M~yVao na Zrbr

170

Mm±XZr _| H$moB© {X`m gwZhbmObVm h¡ _mZmo {H$ ñdßZ hmo gmjmV² Ÿ&_H$mZm| Ho$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o I±>S>ha {OZHo$ {H$ gyZo_{Q>`mbo ^mJm| _| {IbVr hr ahVr_hH$Vr amVamZr \y$bâr OdmZr _| b{‚mVVmam| H$s Q>H$Q>H$s AÀN>r Z bJVr Ÿ&^mJVm _¢ X_ N>mo‹S>,Ky_ J`m H$B© _mo‹S>Qy>Q>r hþB© ^rVm| Ho$ Cg nma H$ht na~og Ja_ h¡{X_mJ _| OmZ h¡, {Xbm| _| X_ h¡gË` go gÎmm Ho$ wÕ H$m a§J h¡,na H$_Omo[a`m± g~ _oao g§J h§¡ ;nmVm h±ÿ ghgm -A±Yoao H$s gwa§J -J{b`m| _| MwnMmnMbVo h¢ bmoJ-~mJÑ‹T>-nX Jå^ra,~mbH$, wdmJU_ÝX-J{V Zrad{H$gr {ZO ^rVar ~mV _| ì`ñV h¢,H$moB© AmJ Ob ahr H$ht Vmo ^r A§ËñW Ÿ&{d{MÌ AZw d !!{OVZm _¢ bmoJm| H$s nm±Vm| H$mo nmH$a~‹T>Vm h±ÿ AmJo,CVZm hr nrN>o _¢ ahVm h±ÿ AHo$bm,níMmV -nX h±ÿ Ÿ&na EH$ aobm Am¡anrN>o go Mbm Am¡aA~ _oao gmW h¡ !

171

AmíM © !! AX² wV !!bmoJm| H$s _w{Æ>`m± ~±Yr h¢ Ÿ&C±Jbr-g§{Y go \y$Q> ahr {H$aU|bmb -bmb,`h Š`m !!_oao hr {djmo -_{U`m| H$mo {b o do,_oao hr {ddoH$-aËZm| H$mo boH$a~‹T> aho bmoJ A±Yoao _| gmoËgmh Ÿ&{H$ÝVw _¢ AHo$bm~m¡{ÕH$ OwJmbr _| AnZo go XwHo$bm Ÿ&

J{b`m| Ho$ A±Yoao _| _¢ ^mJ ahm h±ÿBVZo _| MwnMmn H$moB© EH$Xo OmVm nMm©,H$moB© Jwá e{º$öX` _| MwnMmn H$aVr h¡ MMm© !!_¢ ~hþV Ü`mZ go n‹T>Vm h±ÿ CgH$mo Ÿ&AmíM © !Cg_| Vmo _oao Jwá {dMma dX~r hþB© g§doXZmE± d AZw^dnr‹S>mE± OJ_Jm ahr h¢ Ÿ&`h g~ Š`m h¡ !!

Amg_mZ Pm±H$Vm h¡ CZ ñ`mh bH$sam| Ho$ ~rM-~rMdmŠ`m| H$s nm±Vm| _| AmH$me -J§Jm-gr \¡$breãXm| Ho$ ì yhm| _| {Pb{_b ZjÌAm¡a CZ VmaH$ Xbm| _| Vmo {IbVm h¡ Am±JZ{Og_| {H$ Månm Ho$ \y$b M_H$VoAm¡a CZ nwînm| Ho$ AÝVñVb _|

172

àmU-g_ñ`m H$m H$moB© hb h¡ Ÿ&nMm© n‹T>Vo hþE C‹S>Vm h±ÿ hdm _|,MH«$dmV-J{V`m| _| Ky_Vm h±ÿ Z^ â,O_rZ na EH$ gmWgd©Ì gMoV CnpñWVàË oH$ ñWmZ na bJm h±ÿ _¢ H$m_ _|,àËòH$ Mm¡amho, Xwamho d amhm| Ho$ _mo‹S> nag‹S>H$ na I‹S>m h±ÿ_ZmVm h±ÿ, _mZVm h±ÿ, _mZmVm h±ÿ !!Am¡a V~ VËH$mb Xy[a`m±AnZo hr Xoe Ho$ ZŠeo-gr Q>±Jr hþB©a§Jr hþB© bJVr !!ñdßZm| H$s H$mo_b {H$aZm| H$m nmZrKZr yV g§K{ZV Úw{VJmZ{ebmAm| _| n[aUV,o g~ Ñ‹T>r yV H$_©-{ebmE± h¢

{OZgo {H$ ñdßZm| H$s _y{V© ~ZoJrgpñ_V gwIH$a{Og_| go CX²JV {H«$`merb {H$aZ|~«÷mÊS> â _| ZmM|Jr g~ Hw$N> Ÿ&gM_wM, _wPH$mo Vmo {OÝXJr-gahXgy m] Ho$ àm§JU nma r OmVr-gr XrIVr !!_¢ n[aUV h±ÿH${dVm _| H$hZo H$s AmXV Zht, na H$h Xy±dV©_mZ g_mO Mb Zht gH$Vm Ÿ&ny±Or go Ow‹S>m hþAm öX` ~Xb Zht gH$Vm,ñdmV§Í` ì`{º$ H$m dmXrN>b Zht gH$Vm w{º$ Ho$ _Z H$mo,OZ H$mo Ÿ&

173

8.

EH$X_ öX` Y‹S>H$H$a éH$ J`m, Š`m hþAm !!ZJa go ^`mZH$ YwAm± CR> ahm h¡,H$ht AmJ bJ J`r, H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r Ÿ&g‹S>H$m| na _am hþAm \¡$bm h¡ gwZgmZ,hdmAm| _| AÑí` Ádmbm H$s Ja_rJa_r H$m Amdoe Ÿ&gmW-gmW Ky_Vo h¢, gmW-gmW ahVo h¢,gmW-gmW gmoVo h¢, ImVo h¢, nrVo h¢OZ-_Z CÔoí` !!nWarbo Moham| H$s ImH$s o H$gr S´>ogKy_Vo h¢ `§ÌdV²~onhMmZo-go bJVo h¢ dmH$B©H$ht AmJ bJ J`r H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r Ÿ&

g~ Mwn gm{hpË`H$ Mwn Am¡a H${dOZ {Zdm©H²${MÝVH$, {eënH$ma, "ZV©H$ Mwn h¢,CZHo$ I`mb go dh g~ Jn h¡_mÌ qH$dX§Vr Ÿ&aº$nm`r dJ© go Zm{^Zmb-~Õ o g~ bmoJZnw§gH$ moJ-{eam -Ombm| _| CbPo,àíZ H$s CWbr-gr nhMmZamh go AZOmZdmH²$ éXÝVr Ÿ&M‹T> J`m CZ na H$ht H$moB© {ZX© r,H$ht AmJ bJ J`r, H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r Ÿ&

174

^ì`mH$ma dZm| Ho$ {ddam| _| {N>n J og_mMma-nÌm| H$s$ n§{ŠV`m| Ho$ _wI ñWyb Ÿ&J‹Tr OmVr g_rjm,J‹T>r OmVr {Q>ßnUr, OZ-_Z-Ca-eyb Ÿ&~m¡{ÕH$ dJ© h¡ H«$rVXmg,{H$am o Ho$ {dMmam| H$m CX² mg Ÿ&~‹S>o-~‹S>o Moham| na ñ`m{h`m± nwV J`t Ÿ&Znw§gH$ lÕmg‹S>H$ Ho$ ZrMo H$s JQ>a _| {N>n J`r,H$ht AmJ bJ J`r, H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r Ÿ&

YwE± Ho$ Oharbo _oKm| Ho$ ZrMo hr ha ~maÐþV {ZO {díbof-J{V`m±,EH$ gyú_ nb _| eV gmjmËH$ma Ÿ&Qy>Q>Vo h¢ YmoIm| go âo hþE gnZo Ÿ&aº$ _| ~hVr h¢ kmZ H$s {H$aZ|{díd H$s _y{V© H$s AmË_m hr T>b J`r,H$ht AmJ bJ J`r, H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r Ÿ&

amh Ho$ nËWa-T>moH$m| Ho$ AÝXanhm‹S> Ho$ PaZoV‹S>nZo bJ J o Ÿ&{_Å>r Ho$ bm|Xo Ho$ ^rVa^{º$ H$s A{½Z H$m CÐoH$

‹S>H$Zo bJ J`m Ÿ&Yyb Ho$ H$U _|AZhX ZmX H$m H§$nZIVaZmH$ !!_H$mZm| H$s N>V go

175

JmS>a Hy$X n‹S>oY_ go !Ky_ CR>o Iåô^`mZH$ doJ go Mb n‹S>o hdm _| Ÿ&XmXm H$m gm|Q>m ^r H$aVm h¡ Xm±d-n|M,JJZ _| ZmM ahr H$ŠH$m H$s bmR>r Ÿ&VoOr go bhamVr Ky_Vr_wÞo H$s gboQ>-nÅ>r Ÿ&EH$-EH$ dñVw `m EH$ - EH$ àmUmp½Z-~_ h¡,o na_mó h¢, àjonmó h¢, `_ h¢ Ÿ&

eyÝ`mH$me _| go hmoVo hþE doAao, A[a na hr Qy>Q> n‹S>o A{Zdma Ÿ&`h H$Wm Zht h¡, `h g~ gM h¡, hm± ^B© !!H$ht AmJ bJ J`r, H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r Ÿ&

{H$gr EH$ ~bdmZ V_-í`m_ bwhma Zo ~Zm`mH$ÊS>m| H$m dVw©b Ádb§V _ÊS>b Ÿ&ñd{U©_ H$_bm| H$s nm±Iw‹S>r - O¡gr hrÁdmbmE± CR>Vr h¢ Cggo,Am¡a Cgo Jmob-Jmob Ádb§V _| aŠImbmoho H$m MŠH$m{MZ{J`m± ñd{U©_ Zrbr d bmb-bmb\y$bm| -gr {IbVr Ÿ&Hw$N> ~bdmZ OZ gm±dbo _wI Ho$M‹T>m aho bH$‹S>r Ho$ MŠHo$ na O~aZbmb-bmb bmoho H$s Jmob-Jmob nÅ>rKZ _ma KZ _maCgr àH$ma A~AmË_m Ho$ MŠHo$ na M‹T>m`m Om ahm

176

g§H$ën-e{º$ Ho$ bmoho H$m _O~yVÁdbÝV Q>mda !!A~ wJ ~Xbm h¡ dmH$B©H$ht AmJ bJ J`r, H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r Ÿ&

JoéAm _m¡g_, C‹S>Vo h¢ A§JmaO§Jb Ob aho, {OÝXJr Ho$ A~{OZHo$ {H$ ÁdbÝV àH$m{eV ^rfUHy$bm| go ~hVr doXZm Z{X`m±{OZHo$ {H$ Ob _|gMoV hmoH$a g¡H$‹S>m| g{X`m± ÁdbÝV AnZo{~å~ àgm[aV H$aVr h§¡ à{Vnb Ÿ&doXZm -Z{X`m±{OZ_| {H$ Sy>~o h¢, wJmZw wJ go{nVmAm| H$s {MÝVm H$m C{Û½Z a§J ^r{ddoH$-nr‹S>m H$s JhamB© ~oM¡Z,Sy>~m h¡ {Og_| l{_H$ H$m gÝVmn Ÿ&_m±Am| Ho$ Am±gy Ÿ&dh Ob nrH$a_oao wdH$m| _| ì`{º$ËdmMma{d{^Þ joÌm| _| H$B© Vah go H$aVo h¢ g§Mma_mZmo {H$ Ádmbm-n§Iwar-Xb _| {Kao hþE do g~Ap½Z-H$_b Ho$ H|$Ð _| ~¡R>o Ÿ&ÐþV-doJ ~hVr h¡ e{º$`m± {ZíM`r Ÿ&H$ht AmJ bJ J`r,H$ht Jmobr Mb J`r !!* * *EH$mEH$ {\$a ñdßZ - §J{~Ia J o {MÌ {H$ _¢ {\$a AHo$bm Ÿ&_pñVîH$-öX` _| Jhao d ~marH$ N>oXm| go â J o Ÿ&

177

na CZ a§Y«m| Ho$ XwIm| _| JhamàXrá Á`mo{V H$m ag ~g J`m h¡ Ÿ&

_¢ CZ gnZm| H$m ImoOVm h±ÿ Ame`,AWm] H$s doXZm {KaVr h¡ _Z _| Ÿ&AOr~ P_obm Ÿ&Ky_Vm h¡ _Z CZ ^mdm| Ho$ Kmdm| Ho$ Amg-nmgAmË_m _| M_H$sbr ß`mg â J`r h¡ Ÿ&OJ â XrIVm h¡ gwZhbr Vgdra| _wPH$mo_mZmo {H$ H$b amV {H$gr AZno{jV jU _| hr ghgmào_ H$a {b`m hmo _Zmoha _wI goOrdZ a Ho$ {bE !!_mZmo {H$ Cg jUA{Ve` _¥Xw {H$Ýht ~m±hm| Zo AmH$aH$g {b`m Wm _wPH$moCg ñdßZ-ñne© H$s, Mwå~Z-KQ>Zm H$s `mX Am ahr h¡,`mX Am ahr h¡ !!AkmV àU{`Zr H$m¡Z Wr, H$m¡Z Wr ?

H$_ao _| gw~h H$s Yyn Am J`r h¡,J¡bar _| \¡$bm h¡ gwZhbm a{d-N>moaŠ`m H$moB© ào{_H$m gM_wM {_boJr ?hm` ! h doXZm ñZoh H$s JharOmJ J`r Š`m|H$a ?g~ Amoa {dÚwV Va§Jr` hbMbMwå~H$s` AmH$f©U Ÿ&

àË oH$ dñVw H$m {ZO-{ZO AmbmoH$,_mZmo {H$ AbJ-AbJ \y$bm| Ho$ a§JrZAbJ-AbJ dmVmdaU h§¡ ~o_mn,

178

àË oH$ AW© H$s N>m`m _| Xygam, Ame`{Pb{_bm ahm-gmS>oñH$ na aIo hþE _hmZ² J«§Wm| Ho$ boIH$_oar BZ _mZ{gH$ {H«$`mAm| Ho$ ~Z J o àojH$,_oao Bg H$_ao _| AmH$me CVam_Z `h JJZ H$s dm w _| {gham Ÿ&CR>Vm h±ÿ OmVm h±ÿ J¡bar _| I‹S>m h±ÿ Ÿ&EH$mEH$ `h ì`{º$ ...gm_ZoJ{b`m| _|, g‹S>H$m| na bmoJm| H$s ^r‹S> _|Mbm Om ahm h¡ Ÿ&dhr OZ {Ogo _¢Zo XoIm Wm Jwhm _| Ÿ&Y‹S>H$Vm h¡ {Xb{H$ nwH$maZo H$mo IwbVm h¡ _w±h{H$ AH$ñ_mV² ...dh {XIm, dh {XImdh {\$a Imo J`m {H$gr OZ- yW _|...CR>r hþB© ~m±h `h CR>r hþB© ah J`r !!

AZ-ImoOr {ZO g_¥{Õ H$m dh na_ CËH$f©na_ A{^ì`{º$ ..._¢ CgH$m {eî` h±ÿdh _oam Jwé h¡Jwé h¡ !!dh _oao nmg H$^r ~¡R>m hr Zht Wm,dh _oao nmg H$^r Am`m hr Zht Wm,{V{bñ_r Imoh _| XoIm Wm EH$ ~maAm{Iar ~ma hr !!

179

na dh OJV² H$s J{b`m| _| Ky_Vm h¡ à{Vnbdh \$Q>o hmb ê$n Ÿ&{dÚwëbh[aV dhr J{V_`Vm,C{Û½Z kmZ-VZmd dhgH$_©H$ ào_ H$s dh A{Ve`Vmdhr \$Q>o-hmb ê$n !!

na_ A{^ì`{º$A{daV Ky_Vr h¡ OJ _|nVm Zht OmZo H$hm± OmZo H$hm±dh h¡ Ÿ&Bgr{bE _¢ ha Jbr _|Am¡a ha g‹S>H$ naPm±H$-Pm±H$ XoIVm h±ÿ ha EH$ Moham,àË oH$ J{V{d{Y,àË oH$ M[aÌ,d ha EH$ AmË_m H$m B{Vhmg,ha EH$ Xoe d amOZr{VH$ pñW{V Am¡a n[adoeàË oH$ _mZdr` ñdmZw yV AmXe©{ddoH$-à{H«$`m, {H«$`mJV, n[aU{V !!ImoOVm h±ÿ nR>ma ... nhm‹S>... g_wÝXaOhm± {_b gHo$ _wPo_oar dh Imo`r hþB©na_ A{^ì`{º$ A{ZdmaAmË_ -gå^dm Ÿ&

( gå^m{dV aMZmH$mb 1937 go 1962 VH$ Ÿ& ApÝV_ g§emoYZ 1962 _| Ÿ& ZmJnwa -amOZm±XJm±d Ÿ& "H$ënZm', Zdå~a 1964, _| "Ame§H$m Ho$ Ûrn' erf©H$ go àH$m{eV Ÿ& ~mX _| "Mm±XH$m _w±h Q>o‹T>m h¡' _| g§H${bV Ÿ& $)

180

Yy{_b : _moMram_Yy{_b : _moMram_Yy{_b : _moMram_Yy{_b : _moMram_Yy{_b : _moMram_

3.2. Yy{_b :Yy{_b :Yy{_b :Yy{_b :Yy{_b :

AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX Xoe Hw$N> {deof n[apñW{Vde AOr~ {XemAm| _| ~‹T>m Ÿ& O¡go gm§àXm{`H$X§Jo, {dXoer AmH«$_U Am¡a Am§V[aH$ joÌ _| Z¡{VH$ ñVa H$m ha joÌ _| õmg BZ_§o _w»` h¢ Ÿ& Am_AmX_r g~go Á`mXm à^m{dV hþAm h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma gmR>d| XeH$ Ho$ Xm¡amZ H${dVm ^mdwH$Vm a{hV hmoOmVr h¡ Ÿ& dh Am_ AmX_r go grYo Ow‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ& AJa CgH$m ^m½` ~XbZm h¡, H«$m§{V {Zhm`V Oê$arh¡ Ÿ& CgH$m Ho$db ApñVËd ~Mm h¡ Ÿ& CgH$s OrdZ qMVm, Xw:I, X[aÐVm Am¡a H$ï>m| go âm h¡ Ÿ&_m¡{bH$ Amdí`H$Vm nyaU _| hr OrdZ ~rV OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Eogo Am_OZ Ho$ njYa H${d h§¡ Yy{_b Ÿ& Am_AmX_r H$s b‹S>mB© do AnZr H${dVm H$m h{W`ma ~Zm H$a BñVo_mb H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& Am_ AmX_r H$m OrdZ~o_mZr h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> Yw> | _| {Kao _H$mZ _| yIo n[adma H$s na§nam boH$a Or ahm h¡ Ÿ& Omo hmo, Bg_| OrZo H$sAXå` AmH$m§jm h¡ Ÿ& Bgo nhMmZ H$a Yy{_b Zo H${dVm aMZm ewê$ H$s Ÿ& Am{W©H$ VËd OrdZ _|amOZr{V Am¡a AÝ` n[apñW{V`m| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d AnZo H$mo gm_mOemór` g§~§Ym| goOmo‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ& Ord§V gm_m{OH$ g§Kf© Am¡a O{Q>bVm go JwOa H$a H${dVm _| VZmd Am¡a AmË_g§Kf© H$m^md âVm h¡ Ÿ& Bgr_| Yy{_b H${dVm EH$ ZB© g_mO MoVZm O_rZ na bmH$a àñVwV H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.1 H${d n[aM` :H${d n[aM` :H${d n[aM` :H${d n[aM` :H${d n[aM` :"Yy{_b' Vmo CZH$m CnZm_ h¡ Ÿ& dmñVd _| do Iodbr (dmamUgr) _| OÝ_o Ÿ& {nVm {edZmamÙ

nm§S>o Am¡a _mVm agd§Vr Xodr _Ü`dJu n[adma Ho$ gXñ` Wo Ÿ& _o{Q´>H$ Jm±d _| hr nyar H$s Ÿ& na§Vw H$mboOH$s n‹T>mB© Am{W©H$ pñW{V Ho$ H$maU Omar Zht aI gHo$ Ÿ& O~ ~mah df© Ho$ Wo, {nVm H$m Xohm§V hmo J`m Ÿ&AJbo gmb BZH$m {ddmh H$a {X`m Ÿ& nyao n[adma H$m Xm{`Ëd Am J`m Ÿ& amoOr amoQ>r H$s Vbme _|H$bH$Îmm Am JE Ÿ& Hw$N> {XZ ~mÜ` hmoH$a bmohm T>moZo H$m H$m_ {H$`m Ÿ& na ~mX _| bH$‹S>r Ho$ ì`mnmar Ho$`hm± gbrHo$ H$s Zm¡H$ar {_b JB© Ÿ& na§Vw gwXm_m dhm± {Q>H$ Z gHo$ Ÿ& dmamUgr AmH$a CÝhm|Zo {dÚwV _|{S>ßbmo_m H$s n‹T>mB© H$s narjm Xr Ÿ& Bg_| àW_ loUr _| àW_ AmZo Ho$ H$maU Zm¡H$ar {_b JB© Ÿ& nm§Mgmb {dÚwV AZwXoeH$ nX na aho Ÿ& 1962 _| à_moeZ nmH$a n ©dojH$ ~Zo Am¡a ~{b`m oO {X`m Ÿ&1968 _| {\$a dmamUgr Q´>m§ñ\$a hmo J`m Ÿ& bo{H$Z B©î`m©de CÝh| grVmnwa oOm Ÿ& {gaXX© Câm VmodmamUgr Ho$ ~rEM y _o{S>H$b _| Vu H$am`m Ÿ& {\$a bIZD$ _o{S>H$b H$mboO bo J o Ÿ& dhm± ~«oZQ>çy_aH$m BbmO Mbm Ÿ& na§Vw 10 \$d©ar 1975 H$mo Xohm§V hmo J`m Ÿ&

181

Yy{_b H$mo AnZo OrdZH$mb _| "g§gX go g‹S>H$ VH$' g§H$bZ XoIZo H$m _m¡H$m {_bm Ÿ& Xohm§VHo$ ~mX "H$b gwZZm _wPo' H$m àH$meZ N>moQ>o ^mB© H$Ýh¡ m nm§S>o Zo H$adm`m Ÿ& H|$Ð gm{hË` AH$mXo_rnwañH$ma go Bgo _aUmoÎma nwañH¥$V {H$`m J`m Ÿ& Yy{_b g_mO gMoVZ H${d Wo Ÿ& g_mO H$s {dg§J{V`m|go do qM{VV Wo Ÿ& CÝh| bJVm h¡ {H$ H$^r Y_© `m gm§àXm{`H$Vm, H$^r Am§M{bH$Vm, H$^r Xoe H$sgwajm H$mo _wÔm ~Zm H$a do bmoJ emofU Am¡a X_ZMH«$ Mmby aIVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| do gm_m{OH$ --amOZr{VH$ {d^r{fH$m H$m CX²KmQ>Z H$aVo MbVo h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.2. _moMram_ H$m H$WmZH$ : _moMram_ H$m H$WmZH$ : _moMram_ H$m H$WmZH$ : _moMram_ H$m H$WmZH$ : _moMram_ H$m H$WmZH$ :`h hmñ` -ì §½` Ho$ VrIo _ob _| aMr H${dVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d OyVo Jm§R>Zo dmbo Ho$ gm_Zo OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

g~Ho$ à{V Cg_| g_mZ md h¡ Ÿ& hm± AmX_r EH$ AmX_ Zht ah OmVm Ÿ& dh IarX-{~H«$s H$s dñVw_| ~Xb J`m h¡ Ÿ& g§~§Ym| H$m Vmo Xya VH$ H$ht nVm Zht Ÿ& dh gm_mÝ` AmX_r hmo, ~{Z`m hmo `m{~gm`Vr,(\o$ardmbm) g~ Vah-Vah Ho$ OyVo ~Z OmVo h¢ Ÿ& noeo Ho$ gm_Zo CZH$m `hr ì`{º$Ëd ahOmVm h¡ Ÿ& bo{H$Z H${d H$mo bJVm h¡ OyVo Am¡a noeo Ho$ ~rM EH$ AmX_r A^r ^r ~Mm h¡ Ÿ& na CgH$s{ddeVm `h h¡ {H$ dh {OÝXm ahZo Ho$ nrN>o ghr VH©$ Zht nmVm h¡ Ÿ&

O~ àH¥${V _| bbmB© (gm¡ÝX ©) AmVr h¡, AnZo noeo _| Ow‹S>o ahZm H${dR> hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Xoh Ho$ nrN>oAmX_r H$m _Z h¡ Omo noeo Ho$ Bg n[adV©Z go Km`b hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& YmaUm h h¡ {H$ H${dVm Am¡a noem {^Þh¡§ Ÿ& _moMr Š`m H${d- g§doXZm Zht nm gH$Vm ? `h H${dVm H$s `h Am_ Om{V {Z{d©eof g~ H$moObmVr h¡ Ÿ& gMmB© (`WmW©) g~_| go JwOaVm h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> WmW© go n[a{MV h¢, na AÝ`m` MwnMmn ghaho h¢ Ÿ& noQ> H$s AmJ(noQ> Ho$ {bE amoOr-amoQ>r OmZo Ho$ S>a go Mwn h¢) go S>aVo h¢ Ÿ& O~{H$ Hw$N> h¢ Omo Zgh H$a à{VdmXr MrI go g~H$mo ~Vm XoVo h¢ Ÿ& BZH$ma H$a à{VdmX H$a MrI n‹S>Vo h¢ Ÿ& H${d H$hVmh¡ `h Mwßnr (ghVo OmZm) Am¡a MrI (à{VdmXr ñda CR>mZm) XmoZm| AnZm-AnZm \$H©$ nVm H$a ahoh¢ Ÿ& ^{dî` Ho$ {bE XmoZm| EH$ hr AW© aIVo h¢ Ÿ& XmoZm| H$m _hËd g_mZ h¡ Ÿ& H${d MwnMmn ghZo H$s_O~yar g_P aho h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.3. H${dVm H$m ^md - __© Am¡a d¡{eï²>` :H${dVm H$m ^md - __© Am¡a d¡{eï²>` :H${dVm H$m ^md - __© Am¡a d¡{eï²>` :H${dVm H$m ^md - __© Am¡a d¡{eï²>` :H${dVm H$m ^md - __© Am¡a d¡{eï²>` :_moMr Ho$ {bE _moMram_ H$h H$a Yy{_b EH$ gm_mÝ` OZ Ho$ gmW g§doXZm ì`º$ H$a

ahm h¡ Ÿ& àma§ _| CgHo$ gmW g§dmX _| H${d Cg_| âr {ddeVm, A_mZdr` pñW{V Am¡a _O~yarAm§H$Vm h¡ Ÿ& hm± CZH$s gnmQ> ~`mZr _| H$WZ H$m rVarnZ Am¡a ~mharnZ g_má hmo H$a EH$ y{_ naCâ AmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma grYo H$hr H${dVm CÎmoOH$ Am¡a {dS>§~ZmnyU© ~Z OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

182

`hm± Yy{_b H$s H${dVm H$s mfm _| CÎmoOZm Zht h¡ Ÿ& na geº$ mfm H$s H$_r Zht Ÿ& AmO H$sBg JbV\$h_r go n[a{MV h¡ {H$ mfm na {H$gr AmX_r H$m Zht, {H$gr Om{V H$m A{YH$ma h¡ Ÿ& H${dAmX_r H$m njYa h¡ Ÿ& dh Om{V-Y_© amOZr{V go D$na hQ> H$a AmX_r dh {Ogo AmJ ObmVr h¡ Ÿ&H$moB© oX Zht H$aVr Ÿ& ht H${d _moMr Am¡a emà _| A oXVm àX{e©V H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& hm± H$hVm h¡ {H$g~ bmoJm| H$s Vah ^mfm Cgo H$mQ>Vr h¡, _m¡g_ gVmVm h¡ Ÿ& dh BZ g~go nao Zht h¡ Ÿ&

H${d Zo ^mfm H$mo Am{ÔmË` go hQ>m H$a CgHo$ "ghO' Am¡a "J«m_ YamVb na' aIm h¡ Ÿ&nhbm hr eãX "am§nr', MH$Îmr, Q>obr\y$Z, Zm§KH$a, {h`m± R>moŠH$mo, Zm_m, Q>_H$Vm, gwIVëbo, H$_OmV,O¡go eãXm| H$m à`moJ Am_Vm¡a na H${dVm _| à`moJ {H$ o OmVo h¢ Ÿ& CZH$s mfm H$m òmoV J«m_ OrdZ h¡,Bg OZ à wº$ mfm go do AnZr à{V~ÕVm àH$Q> H$a VmOJr Am¡a A{^ì`{º$ Ho$ {bE AZNy> o joÌ _|àdoe H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& Bggo n[adoe OÝ` WmW© Ho$ {bE {MÌU H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& hm± I‹S>r ~mobr H$m ñdm^m{dH$eãX à`moJ H$a H$mì` ^mfm H$mo ñdm^m{dH$ Am¡a n[a{MV ê$n {X`m h¡ Ÿ& "_moMram_' H${dVm _|H$mì`Zm`H$ EH$ _moMr H$mo H$aZm Am¡a Cgo "_moMram_' O¡gm AmXaUr` Zm_ XoZm Yy{_b H$s {deof Ñ{ï>H$m gyMH$ h¡ Ÿ& _mZd Ho$ à{V H${d H$s g§doXZm H$s ì`mnH$Vm ñnï> h¡ Ÿ&

gy{º$ naH$ ^mfm Bg H${dVm _| Hw$N> ñWmZm| na à wº$ hþB© h¡ Ÿ& O¡go -i) ""_oao {bE ha AmX_r EH$ Omo‹S>r OyVm h¡''ii) ""MmoQ> O~ noeo na n‹S>Vr h¡

Vmo H$ht Z H$ht EH$ Mmoa H$sbX~r ah OmVr h¡''

iii) ""`ma ! Vy _moMr Zht emà h¡''iv) ""BZH$ma go ar hþB© EH$ MrIAm¡a EH$ g_PXma MwnXmoZm| H$m _Vb~ EH$ h¡''

Bg àH$ma "gnmQ> ~`mZr' H$m Amamon AnZm ApñVËd Imo XoVm h¡ Ÿ& H${dVm _| gm§Ho${VH$Vm Ho$O[a o Yy{_b nyao n[adoe H$mo A{^ì`{º$ XoVo h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.4. Hw$N> eãXmW© :Hw$N> eãXmW© :Hw$N> eãXmW© :Hw$N> eãXmW© :Hw$N> eãXmW© :am§nr = M_‹S>m H$mQ>Zo - N>rbZo Ho$ {bE ì`döV bmoho H$m Am¡Oma Ÿ& n{V`mE hþE =

{dídmg go ao Ÿ& Zd¡ V = {d{eï>Vm Ÿ& MH$Îmr = Qw>H$‹S>m Ÿ& {Z~mhVm h±ÿ = ì`dñWm H$aVm h±ÿ Ÿ& ZmW H$a= nhZ H$a Ÿ& {~gmVr = {~gm`Vr - {ga na boH$a My‹S>r -{~ÝXr ~oMZo dmbm Ÿ& Am{V`m± - Om{V`m± =AmZo - OmZo dmbr Ÿ& Q>m§Ho$ n‹S>Vo = gyB© J‹S>Vr Ÿ& Îm_H$Vm {hñgm = M_H$Xma ^mJ Ÿ& Vm§V = M_‹S>o H$m

183

nVbm YmJm Ÿ& H$_OmV = gmYmaU Ÿ& noQ> H$s AmJ = yI, ZmoH$ar Ny>Q>Zo H$m S>a Ÿ& eãX {_b MwHo$ =^mfm go n[a{MV h¢ Ÿ& Ajam| Ho$ AmJo A§Yo = OmZ~yP H$a Cnojm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&3.2.5. Aä`mgAä`mgAä`mgAä`mgAä`mg àíZàíZàíZàíZàíZ ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE A§e :ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE A§e :ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE A§e :ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE A§e :ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE A§e :

i) ~m~yOr ! gM H$h±ÿ ..... _oar {ZJmh _| ..... _aå_V Ho$ {bE I‹S>m h¡ Ÿ&ii) `hm± Vah -Vah Ho$ OyVo ..... Am¡a AmX_r H$s AbJ-AbJ "Zd¡ V'' ~VbmVo h¢ Ÿ&iii) MmoQ> O~ Xoeo na n‹S>Vr h¡ ..... Am¡a A§Jwbr _| J‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ&iv) bJVm h¡ {H$ M_‹S>o H$s eam\$V Ho$ nrN>o ..... noQ> go dmQ> H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&v) Hw$N> h¢ Omo Amdmamo Ho$ AmJo A§Yo h¢ ..... do ha AÝ`m` H$mo MwnMmn ghVo h¢ Am¡a noQ> H$s AmJ go S>aVo h¢

XrK©_ybH$ àíZ : XrK©_ybH$ àíZ : XrK©_ybH$ àíZ : XrK©_ybH$ àíZ : XrK©_ybH$ àíZ :

H$) "_moMram_' H${dVm H$m ì §½`mW© ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&I) "_moMram_' H$s àJ{VdmXr H${dVm Ho$ ê$n _| g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&J) "_moMram_' H$s mfm e¡br H$s {deofVm na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&K) Yy{_b H$s aMZmË_H$Vm _| "_moMram_' H$m _hËd ~VmBE Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :g§{já CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :

i) "_moMram_' Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd na àH$me S>m{b o Ÿ&ii) "_moMram_' H$s mfm H$s g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&iii) "_moMram_' Ho$ md d¡{eï²>` na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&iv) "_moMram_' H$s ì §½` e¡br na àH$e S>m{bE Ÿ&v) "_moMram_' _| H${d H$s g§doXZm na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

184

A{V bKyÎmar àíZ :A{V bKyÎmar àíZ :A{V bKyÎmar àíZ :A{V bKyÎmar àíZ :A{V bKyÎmar àíZ :

vi) O¡go "Q>obr\y$Z' Ho$ I§ô naH$moB© ........ \§$gr h¡ Ÿ&

{ZåZ _| go Imbr ñWmZ na C{MV eãX ^[a oH$) _N>brŸ I) nV§JJ) {M{‹S>`m K) BZ_| H$moB© Zht

vii) Yy{_b {H$g Ymam Ho$ H${d h¢ ? C{MV eãX {b{IE Ÿ:

H$) àJ{VdmXr I) amo_m§{Q>H$ MoVZmJ) N>m`mdmXr K) BZ_| H$moB© Zht

viii)~{Z`m m {~gm`Vr H$m amo~ H¡$go h¡ ?C{MV eãX {b{I o :H$) {hQ>ba H$m ZmVr I) Jm§Yr H$m ZmVrJ) {nMH$m hþAm K) BZ_| H$moB© Zht

ix) _moMram_ Ho$ nmg Š`m AmVo h¢ ? C{MV dmŠ` Mw{Z o :H$) Vah-Vah Ho$ AmX_r I) OmZdaJ) Vah -Vah Ho$ OyVo K) BZ_| H$moB© Zht

3.2.6 ghm`H$ J«§W : ghm`H$ J«§W : ghm`H$ J«§W : ghm`H$ J«§W : ghm`H$ J«§W :1. gmR>moÎmar qhXr H${dVm H$s dñVwMoVZm - ~mXm_ qgh amdV,

qhXr àMmaH$ g§ñWmZ, dmamUgr2. g_H$mbrZ H${dVm H$m n[aàoj - _XZ JwbmQ>r, B§ÐàñW àH$meZ, {Xëbr3. AmYw{ZH$ ~moY Am¡a AmYw{ZH$rH$aU - a_oeHw$ÝVb _oK, Aja àH$meZ, ZB© {Xëbr4. Z`r H${dVm H$m _yë`m§H$Z - ^maVr` J«§W {ZHo$VZ, ZB© {Xëbr5. g_H$mbrZ ~moY Am¡a Yy{_b H$m H$mì` - hþHw$_M§X amOnmb :

H$moUmH©$ àH$meZ, ZB© {Xëbr6. qhXr H${dVm : g§doXZm Am¡a Ñ{ï> - haX`mb , ZoeZb npãbHo$eZ hmCg, ZB© {Xëbr Ÿ&

185

_moMram__moMram__moMram__moMram__moMram_

(H${dVm )(H${dVm )(H${dVm )(H${dVm )(H${dVm )

am§nr go CR>r hþB© Am±Im| go _wPojU-â Q>Q>mobmAm¡a {\$aO¡go n{V`mVo hþE ñda _|`h h±gVo hþE ~mobm -~m~yOr ! gM H$h±ÿ - _oar {ZJmh _|Z H$moB© N>moQ>m h¡Z H$moB© ~‹S>m h¡_oao {bE, ha AmX_r EH$ Omo‹S>r OyVm h¡Omo _oao gm_Zo_aå_V Ho$ {bE I‹S>m h¡

Am¡a Agb ~mV Vmo `h h¡{H$ dh Mmho Omo h¡O¡gm h¡, Ohm± H$ht h¡AmOH$bH$moB© AmX_r OyVo H$s Zmn go~mha Zht h¡{\$a ^r _wPo »`mb ahVm h¡{H$ noeoda hmWm| Am¡a \$Q>o OyVm| Ho$ ~rMH$ht-Z-H$ht EH$ AXX AmX_r h¡{Ogna Q>m±Ho$ n‹S>Vo h¢,Omo OyVo go Pm±H$Vr hþB© A§Jwbr H$s MmoQ> N>mVr na

186

hWm¡‹S>o H$s Vah ghVm h¡`hm± Vah-Vah Ho$ OyVo AmVo h¢Am¡a AmX_r H$s AbJ-AbJ Zd¡ V~VbmVo h¢g~H$s AnZr-AnZr e¡br h¡_gbZ EH$ OyVm h¡ :OyVm Š`m h¡ - MH${V`m| H$s W¡br h¡Bgo EH$ Moham nhZVm h¡{Ogo MoMH$ Zo MwJ {b`m h¡Cg na Cå_rX H$mo Vah XoVr hþB© h±gr h¡O¡go "Q>obr\y$Z' Ho$ Iåô naH$moB© nV§J \±$gr h¡Am¡a I‹S>I‹S>m ahr h¡"~m~yOr ! Bg na n¡gmŠ`m| \y±$H$Vo hmo ?'_¢ H$hZm MmhVm h±ÿ_Ja _oar AmdmO b‹S>I‹S>m ahr h¡_¢ _hgyg H$aVm h±ÿ - ^rVa goEH$ AmdmO AmVr h¡ - H¡$go AmX_r hmoAnZr Om{V na WyH$Vo hmo Ÿ&Amn `H$sZ H$a| Cg g_`_¢ MH${V`m| H$s OJh Am±I| Q>m±H$Vm h±ÿAm¡a noeo _| n‹S>o hþE AmX_r H$mo~‹S>r _wpíH$b go {Z~mhVm h±ÿ

EH$ OyVm Am¡a h¡ {Oggo n¡a H$moZm±KH$a EH$ AmX_r {ZH$mbVm h¡g¡a H$moZ `h AŠb_ÝX h¡

187

Z dº$ H$m nm~ÝX h¡CgH$s Am±Im| _| bmbM h¡hmWm|o _| K‹S>r h¡Cgo H$ht OmZm Zht h¡_Ja Mohao na~‹S>r h‹S>~‹S>r h¡dh H$moB© ~{Z`m h¡`m {~gmVr h¡_Ja amo~ Eogm {H$ {hQ>ba H$m ZmVr h¡"Beo ~m±Õm|, Ceo H$mQ²>Q>mo, {h`m± R>moŠH$mo, dhm± nrQ²>Q>mo{Yíemm Xmo, AmBem M_H$mAmo, OwVo H$mo EoZm ~ZmAmo..... Amo\²$ ! ~‹S>r J_u h¡' é_mb go hdmH$aVm h¡, _m¡g_ Ho$ Zm_ na {~gyaVm h¡g‹S>H$ na A{V`m|-Om{V`m| H$mo~mZa H$s Vah KyaVm h¡JaO `h {H$ KÊQ>o -â IQ>dmVm h¡_Ja Zm_m§ XoVo dº$gm\$ ZQ> OmVm h¡"ear\$m| H$mo bwR>Vo hmo' `h Jwam©Vm h¡Am¡a Hw$N> {gŠHo$ \|$H$H$aAmJo ~‹T> OmVm h¡AMmZH$ {MhþH$H$a g‹S>H$ go CN>bVm h¡Am¡a nQ>ar na M‹T> OmVm h¡MmoQ> O~ noeo na n‹S>Vr h¡Vmo H$hr-Z-H$ht EH$ Mmoa H$sbX~r ah OmVr h¡Omo _m¡H$m nmH$a CâVr h¡Am¡a A§Jwbr _| J‹S>Vr h¡_Ja BgH$m _Vb~ `h Zht h¡

188

{H$ _wPo H$moB© Jb\$h_r h¡_wPo ha dº$ `h I`mb ahVm h¡ {H$ OyVoAm¡a noeo Ho$ ~rMH$ht-Z-H$ht EH$ AXX AmX_r h¡{Og na Q>m±Ho$ n‹S>Vo h¢Omo OyVo go Pm±H$Vr hþB© A§Jwbr H$s MmoQ>N>mVr nahWm¡‹S>o H$s Vah ghVm h¡Am¡a ~m~yOr ! Agb ~mV Vmo `h h¡ {H$ {OÝXm ahZo Ho$ nrN>oAJa ghr VH©$ Zht h¡Vmo am_Zm_r ~oMH$a H$_mZo _|Xbmbr H$aHo$ amoOr H$_mZo _|H$moB© \$H©$ Zht h¡Am¡a `hr dh OJh h¡ Ohm± na AmX_rAnZo noeo go Ny>Q>H$a^r‹S> H$m Q>_H$Vm hþAm {hñgm ~Z OmVm h¡g^r bmoJm§o H$s Vah^mfm Cgo H$mQ>Vr h¡_m¡g_ gVmVm h¡A~ Amn Bg ~gÝV H$mo hr bmo`h {XZ H$mo Vm±V H$s Vah VmZVm h¡no‹S>m| na bmb-bmb nÎmm| Ho$ hOmam| gwIVëboYyn _|, grPZo Ho$ {bEbQ>H$mVm h¡

gM H$hVm h±ÿ - Cg g_àm±nr H$s _yR> H$mo hmW _| g§ mbZm_wpíH$b hmo OmVm h¡hmW H$ht OmVm h¡_Z {H$gr Pw±Pbm o hþE ~ƒo-gm

189

H$m_ na AmZo go ~ma-~ma BZH$ma H$aVm h¡bJVm h¡ {H$ M_‹S>o H$s eam\$V Ho$ nrN>oH$moB© O§Jb h¡ Omo AmX_r nano‹S> go dma H$aVm h¡Am¡ar `h Mm¡§H$Zo H$s Zht, gmoMZo H$s ~maV h¡_Ja Omo {OÝXJr H$mo {H$Vm~ go ZmnVm h¡Omo Ag{b`V Am¡a AZw d Ho$ ~rMIyZ Ho$ {H$gr H$_OmV _m¡Ho$ na H$mà h¡~h ~‹S>r AmgmZr go H$h gH$Vm h¡{H$ `ma ! Vy _moMr Zht, emà h¡Agb _| dh EH$ {XbMñn JbV\$h_r H$m{eH$ma h¡Omo `h gmoMVm h¡ {H$ noem EH$ Om{V h¡Am¡a mfm naAmX_r H$m Zht, {H$gr Om{V H$m A{YH$ma h¡O~{H$ Ag{b`V `h h¡ {H$ AmJg~H$mo ObmVr h¡ & gƒmB©g~go hmoH$a JwOaVr h¡Hw$N> h¡§ {OÝh| eãX {_b MwHo$ h¢Hw$N> h¢ Omo Ajam| Ho$ AmJo AÝYo h¢o ha AÝ`m` H$mo MwnMmn ghVo h¢

Am¡a noQ> H$s AmJ go S>aVo h¢O~{H$ _¢ OmZVm h±ÿ {H$ BZH$ma go âr hþB© EH$ MrIAm¡a EH$ g_PXma MwnXmoZm| H$m _Vb~ EH$ h¡-^{dî` J‹T>Zo _| "Mwn' Am¡a "MrI'AnZr -AnZr OJh EH$ hr {H$ñ_ goAnZm-AnZm \$O© AXm H$aVo h¢

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Paper-07.pdf - DDCE, Utkal University

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