Panoramas how to [email protected]. martin florek2 Definition An unbroken view of an entire surrounding area [1] A picture or series of pictures representing.

Panoramashow to

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Definition

• An unbroken view of an entire surrounding area [1]

• A picture or series of pictures representing a continuous scene, often exhibited a part at a time by being unrolled and passed before the spectator [1]

• panoramic view – FOV > 100°

• cyclorama, diorama

Diorama

• a diorama in the Museum of Natural history in Milan (Italy).

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History• from Greek words: pan = all, horama = view [2]• 1792 - the first painted panorama – Robert Barker

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History continued

San Francisco from Rincon Hill, 1851, © Martin Behrman

View from the top of Lookout Mountain, Tenn., February, 1864 – © George N. Barnard

Typesplanar cylindrical

www.panoguide.com 6

spherical cubic

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Taking pictures• choose a place• turn and shoot• overlap 30%

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Taking pictures continued

• good tripod• pano-head• small aperture (high f-number)• hyperfocal distance• shoot verticaly• wide angle• spirit level• remote shutter release• no polarising filter

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Problems

• brightness problems → manual exposure

• white balance → manual WB or shoot raw

• parallax problems → nodal point? [3]

• shoot to raw → very good idea :)

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Parallax problem

• pictures from [4]

• solution - turn camera around “nodal” point

• it is the center of entrance pupil

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Special hardware

• 180° or full 360° views in one shot• hyperbolic and spherical panoramic mirrors• circular fish-eye lenses

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Software• Hugin• AutoPano Pro• PTGui• Adobe Photoshop CS4• Autodesk Stitcher

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Software steps

• photos input, lens specification • lens corrections – distortions, vignette, abberations• control points selection • images composition• stitching• brightness correction, blending• cutting, export to output format

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Hugin

• graphical interface for several free applications• fully automatic with added “plug-ins”

– Panorama tools – main engine, stitching, remove distortions

– AutoPano – automatic corresponding points (patent on SIFT algorithm)

– Enblend – blends images “without” seams

The endthank you for your attention

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http://paulbuckland.com/Sunset%20from%20TST%20waterfront.htm

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References

• [1] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/panorama• [2] http://brickhaus.com/amoore/magazine/hughes.html• [3]

http://www.vrphotography.com/data/pages/techtutorials/technotes/nodalptalign-tn.html

• [4] http://www.edb.utexas.edu/teachnet/QTVR/NodalPoint.htm

• [5] http://www.morper.net/index_files/pano_howto_3.php• [6] http://www.panoguide.com/