From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven: How to Realise the Elusive Potential of Agriculture for Nutrition? Lawrence Haddad Institute of Development Studies Biofortification: The First Annual Conference November 9-11, 2010
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From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven: How to Realise the Elusive Potential of
Agriculture for Nutrition?
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
Biofortification: The First Annual Conference November 9-11, 2010
Overarching Question
What is Agriculture For?
Three sub-questions
• What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• How often are the pathways created and travelled?
• What needs to be done to increase the chances of the pathways linking agriculture and nutrition?
Three sub-questions
• What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition? (Many)
• How often are the pathways created and travelled? (Much room for improvement)
• What needs to be done to increase the chances of the pathways linking agriculture and nutrition? (Some ideas)
1. What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• Increased supply of nutrients from farming– Own consumption– Purchased
• Income effects– Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm rural income
– Lower food priceseffective increase in income
• Post-harvest added value
What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• Increased supply of nutrients from farming– Own consumption– Purchased
• Income effects– Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm rural income
– Lower food priceseffective increase in income
• Post-harvest added value
x
• Pro-poor governance– Institutions– Incentives
• Approaches that empower women– Agency to work
the rules of the game
– Agency to define rules of game
• Nutrition Lens
What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• Increased supply of nutrients from farming– Own consumption– Purchased
• Income effects– Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm rural income
– Lower food priceseffective increase in income
• Post-harvest added value
x
• Pro-poor governance– Institutions– Incentives
• Approaches that empower women– Agency to work
the rules of the game
– Agency to define rules of game
• Nutrition Lens
Improved Nutrition
• Energy
• Diverse Diet• Micronutrient
status
• Body Mass Index
• Linear growth
=
What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• Increased supply of nutrients from farming– Own consumption– Purchased
• Income effects– Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm rural income
– Lower food priceseffective increase in income
• Post-harvest added value
x
• Pro-poor governance– Institutions– Incentives
• Approaches that empower women– Agency to work
the rules of the game
– Agency to define rules of game
• Nutrition Lens
Improved Nutrition
• Energy
• Diverse Diet• Micronutrient
status
• Body Mass Index
• Linear growth
=
Enabling environment for nutrition
2. How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
• Agricultural growth-poverty impacts– Cross-country regression results (+)
(Ligon, Christiansen, Loayza)
– Country studies (mixed)
(Datt, Ferreira)
• Agricultural growth-nutrition impacts– Cross country regression results
more positive than negative, but still mixed (Heady)
How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
• SPIA– 83 income or nutrition
impact evaluations between 1995 and 2008 (out of 761)
• J-PAL in mid 2009– 35 education– 25 health– 5 agriculture
• 3ie– 2 of 18 in round 1 on
agriculture• ALINe
– 6 of 50 large proposals to a key Foundation contained impact evaluation designs
How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Impact studies not
systematically organised
• Protocols for inclusion– Clearly defined agricultural
intervention– Clearly defined nutrition
outcome– Quality of impact design– Quality of data collection– Quality of study
implementation– Balance of interpretation
• Regression meta analysis of studies
– Features of interventions which have the biggest nutrition impacts in studies?
How often are the pathways created and travelled?
No studies yet of the
nutrition impacts of bio-
fortification
How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
Impact studies not
systematically organised
How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
Impact studies not
systematically organised
No studies yet of the
nutrition impacts of bio-
fortification
How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
Impact studies not
systematically organised
No studies yet of the
nutrition impacts of bio-
fortification
• Difficult to say• My guess is that there is
plenty of room for improvement
3. What needs to be done to increase the chances of the pathways
linking agriculture and nutrition?
Create an Enabling Environment
Mapping Nutrition in Real Time
Unicef Malawi and Columbia University
Capitalise on the increasing need to demonstrate impact
Growth diagnostics: from economics to nutrition
Source: Doing Growth Diagnostics in Practice: A ‘Mindbook’ Ricardo Hausmann, Bailey Klinger, Rodrigo Wagner CID Working Paper No. 177 September 2008. Harvard University.
Nutrition Commitment IndicesIndicators: Hunger, Legal Framework, Spending on
Agriculture, Social Protection
Build the next generation of agriculture-nutrition champions
MacArthur Foundation’s Masters in Development Practice
Conclusion
www.alineplanning.org
improved nutritionGovernance
and GenderEnabling
Environment for nutrition
High productivity agriculture
From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
Agriculture cannot be the prime shaper of nutrition,
but…
Agriculture cannot be the prime shaper of nutrition,
but…..nutrition
should be the prime shaper of
(public ) agriculture...
From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
Agriculture cannot be the prime shaper of nutrition,
but…..nutrition
should be the prime shaper of
(public ) agriculture... ..what else is
agriculture for?
From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
Thank You
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