NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi PAMELA: a Satellite Experiment for PAMELA: a Satellite Experiment for Antiparticles Measurement in Antiparticles Measurement in Cosmic Rays Cosmic Rays Massimo Bongi Universita’ degli Studi di Firenze and INFN Sezione di Firenze The PAMELA collaboration • PAMELA scientific objectives • Detector’s overview • Subsystems’ description • PAMELA status
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NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
PAMELA: a Satellite Experiment for PAMELA: a Satellite Experiment for Antiparticles Measurement in Antiparticles Measurement in
Cosmic Rays Cosmic Rays
Massimo BongiUniversita’ degli Studi di Firenze and INFN Sezione di Firenze
The PAMELA collaboration
• PAMELA scientific objectives• Detector’s overview• Subsystems’ description• PAMELA status
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
The PAMELA CollaborationThe PAMELA Collaboration
Bari Florence Frascati
Italy:TriesteNaples Rome CNR, Florence
Russia:
Moscow St. Petersburg
India:
Bombay
Germany:Siegen
Sweden:KTH, Stockholm
NMSU
GSFC
USA:
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
Transition Radiation DetectorTransition Radiation Detector9 planes of 1024 straw tubesstraw tubes each (4 mm ∅) interleaved with carbon carbon fibres radiatorsfibres radiatorsstraw tubes use a Xe-CO2 (80-20)% gas mixture and work at ~ 1400 V
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
Transition Radiation DetectorTransition Radiation Detector9 planes of 1024 straw tubesstraw tubes each (4 mm ∅) interleaved with carbon carbon fibres radiatorsfibres radiatorsstraw tubes use a Xe-CO2 (80-20)% gas mixture and work at ~ 1400 V
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
Transition Radiation DetectorTransition Radiation Detector9 planes of 1024 straw tubesstraw tubes each (4 mm ∅) interleaved with carbon carbon fibres radiatorsfibres radiatorsstraw tubes use a Xe-CO2 (80-20)% gas mixture and work at ~ 1400 V
Threshold device:
• signal from e+ and e-
• no signal from p and p
A pion contamination of 5% at an
electron discrimination efficiency of
~ 90% has been obtained
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
Magnetic SpectrometerMagnetic SpectrometerSilicon Tracker inside a Permanent MagnetSilicon Tracker inside a Permanent Magnet
300 GeV/c electron event300 GeV/c electron eventJune 2002 SPS beam test
non-bending view bending view
Magnetic SpectrometerMagnetic SpectrometerSpatial resolutionSpatial resolution
σX ~ 3 µm, σY ~ 13 µm
Maximum Detectable Maximum Detectable Rigidity:Rigidity:
MDR > 740 GV/cMDR > 740 GV/c
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
Electromagnetic CalorimeterElectromagnetic CalorimeterSampling calorimeter made of 22 planes: 16 radiation lengths, 0.9 interaction lengths
2.6 mm thick tungsten absorber between two 380 µm thick macrostrip silicon detector layers
Measures energy of e+ and e- with ∆E/E = 15% / E1/2 + 5.5%
Reconstructs shower profile both in the longitudinal and in the transverse
direction: 10-4 hadron/leptonrejection power
Electrons’ energy up to 2 TeV in self-trigger mode
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
Electromagnetic CalorimeterElectromagnetic CalorimeterSampling calorimeter made of 22 planes: 16 radiation lengths, 0.9 interaction lengths
2.6 mm thick tungsten absorber between two 380 µm thick macrostrip silicon detector layers
Measures energy of e+ and e- with ∆E/E = 15% / E1/2 + 5.5%
Reconstructs shower profile both in the longitudinal and in the transverse
direction: 10-4 hadron/leptonrejection power
Electrons’ energy up to 2 TeV in self-trigger mode
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
(x4)
CASCAT
AnticounterAnticounter SystemSystem4 panels (CAS) of Bicron BC-448 plastic scintillator surrounding the sides of the spectrometer + 1 panel (CAT) on top of it, read by Hamamatsu 5900 PMTs
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
(x4)
CASCAT
AnticounterAnticounter SystemSystem4 panels (CAS) of Bicron BC-448 plastic scintillator surrounding the sides of the spectrometer + 1 panel (CAT) on top of it, read by Hamamatsu 5900 PMTs
•Defines the spectrometer acceptance•Helps in rejecting spurious triggers
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
BottomBottom ScintillatorScintillator and Neutron Detectorand Neutron DetectorBottom Scintillator
10 mm thick scintillator
read by 6 MELZ FEU-85 PMTs
Neutron Detector
36 3He proportional counters + lowZ moderator enveloped in a thin cadmium layer
n + 3He p + 3H + 765 keV
lot
The Bottom Scintillator triggers the Neutron Detector, which helps in hadron/lepton identification
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
PAMELA statusPAMELA statusAll the subdetectors are nearly ready and fulfill
the requirements
Intense simulation and beam test activities have been performed
Intense simulation and beam test activities have been performed
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
PAMELA statusPAMELA statusAll the subdetectors are nearly ready and fulfill
the requirements
Intense simulation and beam test activities have been performed
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
PAMELA statusPAMELA statusAll the subdetectors are nearly ready and fulfill
the requirements
Intense simulation and beam test activities have been performed
Integration of the detector is in progress
NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - Portland, OR - October 20-24, 2003 Massimo Bongi
PAMELA statusPAMELA statusAll the subdetectors are nearly ready and fulfill
the requirements
Intense simulation and beam test activities have been performed