PALESTİNE. Black- The Prophet Mohammad (570-632) White- The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750), Damascus Green- The Fatimid Dynasty (909-1171), North Africa Red-

PALESTİNE

Black- The Prophet Mohammad (570-632)

White- The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750),

Damascus Green- The Fatimid Dynasty (909-1171), North

Africa Red- Arab National movement in 1917

CONTENT

1. Introduction 2. Maps of Gaza Strip & West Bank3. Palestinian National Authority 3.1 General Informations about “Gaza

Strip” 3.2 General Informations about “West

Bank”

4. Historical chronology of “Palestine”

Geography

Palestinian National Authority

Capital Administrative centers: Ramallah (West Bank), Gaza (Gaza

Strip); Jerusalem is the proclaimed capital of PalestineGovernmentSemi-presidential; Islamic socialist;

Parliamentary democracy - President Mahmoud Abbas and Aziz Duwaika - Prime Minister Salam Fayyad and Ismai Haniyeh

Establishment - Established May 4, 1994- “Oslo”Population - 2009 (July) estimate 3,935,249(126th)GDP (PPP)2009 estimate - Total$$12.95 billion (-) - Per

capita$2,900 (-)CurrencyJordanian dinarEgyptian Pound& Israeli new sheqel (JOD, EGP, ILS)

?Representation of the Palestinian National

Authority abroad is performed by the Palestine Liberation Organization. In states

that recognise the State of Palestine it maintains embassies and in other states it

maintains "delegations" or "missions".Representations of foreign states to the

Palestinian National Authority are performed by "missions" or "offices" in

Ramallah and Gaza. States that recognise the State of Palestine also accredit to the Palestine Liberation Organization (as the

government-in-exile of the State of Palestine) non-resident ambassadors

residing in third countries

I. Gaza Strip II. West BankI.Gaza Strip:Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between

Egypt and Israel Population: 1,604,238 (July 2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 149Ethnic groups: Palestinian ArabReligions: Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 99.3%, Christaian 0.7%Languages: Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians),

English (widely understood)Economy: High population density, limited land and sea access,

continuing isolation, and strict internal and external security controls => fighting between HAMAS and Israel during December 2008-January 2009, resulted in the near collapse of most of the private sector, extremely high unemployment, and high poverty rates.

Natural resources: arable land, natural gasLand use: arable land: 29% permanent crops: 21% other: 50% (2002)

Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 12%, industry: 5%, services: 83% (June 2008)Unemployment rate: 40% (2009 est.) country comparison to the

world: 189Agriculture - products: olives, fruit, vegetables, flowers; beef, dairy

productsIndustries: textiles, food processingExports – commodities: strawberries, carnationsImports - commodities: food, consumer goodsNote: Israel permits limited imports through crossings with Gaza,

but most commercial goods are smuggled through tunnels beneath Gaza's border with Egypt

Broadcast media: 1 television station and about 10 radio stations (2008)

II. West BankLocation: Middle East, west of JordanGeography: landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for

Israel's coastal aquifers; there are about 340 Israeli civilian sites - including 100 small outpost communities in the West Bank and 29 sites in East Jerusalem (July 2008 est.)

Population: 2,514,845country comparison to the world: 140

Ethnic groups: Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%Religions: Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian

and other 8%Languages: Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many

Palestinians), English (widely understood)Natural resources: arable landLand use: arable land: 16.9%, permanent crops: 18.97%, other:

64.13% (2001)Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 12%, industry:

23%,services: 65% (June 2008)Unemployment rate: 19% (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 166Exports - commodities: stone, olives, fruit, vegetables, limestoneImports - commodities: food, consumer goods, construction

materials, petroleum, chemicalsBroadcast media: the Palestinian Authority operates 1 television and

1 radio station; about 30 independent TV and 25 radio stations operating; Jordanian TV is available; satellite TV is accessible (2008

General Historical Chronology• 1516- 1918 Palestine under Ottoman rule • 1918(1920)- 1948British Mandate• 1948- 1987From proclaiming State of Israel to “Hamas”• 1996- 2000 Detente• 2000- .. Problems started again

15-19th century Palestine under Ottoman rule as part of (southern)

SyriaFirst Zionist Congress & The Basel Program- 1897Theodor Herzl, ''Der Judenstaat'' The Sykes-Picot Agreement- 1916Dividing Arab provinces of Ottoman Empire into

French and British administered areasThe Balfour Declaration-1917British support for establishment of Jewish

national home inPalestineAim: Keeping away France fromThe Suez CanalOttoman withdrawal from Palestine & British

Mandate ( San Remo)- 1920

Christianity (3%)

• Islam (97%)

Balfour Declaration & “The White Paper”- 1922

British mandate looking for balance between Jews & Arabs

Outbreak of WWIIAliyahs1- (Before the WWI) x 22- 1919-19233- 1924-19264- 1933-1936

In 1931; %82 Arab, %19 Jews, %2 others In 1946; % 67 Arab, %31 Jews, %2 others

UN Partition Plan- 1947• British Foreign Sec. Ernest Bevin announces Britishsubmission of Palestine problem to UN• Arab Higher Committee for Palestine announces

rejectionof UN partition plan.• Jewish Agency announces acceptance of UN

partition plan.US endorses UN partition plan.• Soviet Union endorses UN partition plan• Palestine will be divided into three partState of Israel-1948• State of Israel proclaimed in Tel-Aviv at 4:00 p.m “ El nakba”• British Mandate ends • USA and USSR recognise Israel

15th-19th CenturyPalestine under Ottoman rule as

part of (southern) Syria

"Law of Return“ - 1950• 1951Yasser Arafat reorganizes the Palestinian

Students' Union in Cairo. 1959Fatah is established by Yasser ArafatAfter the “June War” in 1967, Fatah has moved

to Jordan 1964 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) founded. • 1969Yasser Arafat was elected chairman of a new

executive committee of the PLO.“Kara Eylül”- 1960A military confrontation between Jordan's Forces

and PLO guerrillas

Palestine Liberation Organisation 1964

Fatah 1959 Hamas 1988

1974- Changement in PLO’s policiesThe 7th Arab Summit meeting in Rabat recognises the PLO

as sole representative of the Palestinians and affirms; “The right of the Palestinian people to establish an

independent national authority in any Palestinian territory that is

liberated.”

UN Gen. Assembly recognises the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people in its Res. 3210

• 1976Manifesto of Israeli Council for Israeli-Palestinian Peace.• 1978“Camp David” between Sedat & BeginSupport of USEgypt is excluded • 1988 PLO accepted “UN242” US recognises the PLO as the repserentative

Palestinians in Gaza Strip & West Bank

1967-1977Under military occupation 1977- “Likud” & policy of annexationActivities of “ Gus Emunim- Sadıklar Bloku” 1980Israel annexed ; %40 of West Bank %30 of Gaza Strip

Result: Strengthened relations between Palestinians in Gaza

Strip & West Bank and PLO

The Intifada- 1987• In Gaza, 4 Palestinians are killed and at least 7 wounded

when an Israeli truck collides with 2 vans of Palestinian workers returning from work in Israel; 4,000 demonstrators attend funeral for those killed.

• United National Leadership- Birleşik Milli Liderlik• “Hamas” & Islamic discourses inside the PLO- 1988• “Collective punishment” applied by Israel => intifada

spreaded out• By the end of the 1990; 1.050 Palestinian, 56 jews died; more than 36.000 Arab

injured Result: PLO’s power declined. Israel did not retreat from

West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem.

Oslo Accords “Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements” or “Declaration of Principles” • Milestone in the ongoing Palestinian-Israeli conflict• Between government of Israel & PLO• Madrid Conference-1991• Public Ceramony in Washington; 13 September 1993, in the

presence of PLO chairman Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and US President Bill Clinton

• The Palestinian Authority would have responsibility for the administration of the territory under its control. The Accords also called for the withdrawal of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) from parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank.

Problems: “Tunusians” inside the PLO & Hamas’s practices ; religionists

reactions in Israel

Wye Memorandum- 1998

• Netenyahu & Arafat + US• Israel’s withdraw from %13 of West Bank• Problems in “Likud” & Barak• Camp Dawid II- 2000Barak& Arafat + US ( Bill Clington)“Different comments on Jerusalem”Second Intifada- 2000Pressure of Israel increased“Harem-ul Serif”More militarized than the first one