Palermo June 14, 2010 University of Palermo Head of the Department of Head of the Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Applications Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Applications University of Palermo - University of Palermo - [email protected]MEDILAB - Remote sensing and Geographical Information System Lab MEDILAB - Remote sensing and Geographical Information System Lab "MEDITERRANEAN MARITIME POLLUTION: THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING TO MONITOR AND MITIGATE" Prof. Goffredo La Loggia Prof. Goffredo La Loggia Authors: Goffredo La Loggia, Fulvio Capodici, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Antonino Maltese
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Palermo June 14, 2010University of Palermo
Head of the Department ofHead of the Department ofHydraulic Engineering and Environmental ApplicationsHydraulic Engineering and Environmental Applications
MEDILAB - Remote sensing and Geographical Information System LabMEDILAB - Remote sensing and Geographical Information System Lab
"MEDITERRANEAN MARITIME POLLUTION: THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING TO MONITOR AND
MITIGATE"
Prof. Goffredo La LoggiaProf. Goffredo La Loggia
Authors: Goffredo La Loggia, Fulvio Capodici, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Antonino Maltese
Human activities contaminate both coastal zone and open sea:- pollutants; - ecosystems;- recovery time.
Pollution monitoring and mitigation by integrating: - remote sensing,- hydrodynamic;- bio-optical modelling.
Coastal water pollution is strictly related to land activities:-≈ 60% of world’s population lives within 60 km from the coastline impacting water quality. - Pesticides and fertilizers over-application:
Offshore pollution is related to maritime oil transport:- a quarter of the global maritime traffic; - causing ≈7% of the world oil accidents during the last 25 years;- biological impacts firstly on open sea than on coastal zone habitats.
The need of monitoring and mitigate maritime pollution
Water Bodies pollution monitoring and Water Bodies pollution monitoring and mitigationmitigation
OffshoreCoast, lagoon and lakes
The Planktothrix rubescens bloom (Oscillatoria rubescens) in some Sicilian lakes.
• Water quality• Oil spill
- The contamination of reservoirs used for civil and agricultural supply highlights human healthy risks- Spectral reflectance R() [-] of a typical Sicilian lake water (dashed line) and that of a water characterized by a Planktothrix rubescens algal bloom (continuous line).
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
350 450 550 650 750 850 950 [nm]
R [
-]
Lake Trinità
Lake Prizzi
• Water quality• Toxic blooms• Submerged vegetation distribution and dynamic• Hydrodynamic and solute transport models
Water Bodies pollution monitoring and Water Bodies pollution monitoring and mitigationmitigation
OffshoreCoast, lagoon and lakes• Water quality
• Toxic blooms• Submerged vegetation distribution and dynamic• Hydrodynamic and solute transport models
CALIBRATION SITE, CALIBRATION PARAMETERS AND NTU (WATER TURBIDITY) MAP
• Water quality• Surface Clorophyll (Chl-a);• Total Sunspended Sediments
(TSS)• Water Nephelometric
Turbidity (NTU)• Oil spill
2D model (finite
difference)
The Castellammare gulf
The Augusta
gulf
The Gela gulf
brsRaNT )645(
Calibration coefficients July August September Literature a 1203.9 1203.9 1203.9 1203.9 b 1.112 1.399 1.290 1.087
NTU July 20080 NTU
10 NTU
Recent accidents in the Recent accidents in the Mediterranean seaMediterranean sea
Recent accidents in the Recent accidents in the Mediterranean seaMediterranean sea
Water Bodies pollution monitoring and Water Bodies pollution monitoring and mitigationmitigation
OffshoreCoast, lagoon and lakes• Water quality
• Toxic blooms• Submerged vegetation distribution and
dynamic• Hydrodynamic and solute transport models
• Water quality• Oil spill
The note deepens on the Oil spill issue reporting the MAPRES research
project
Marine pollution monitoring and detection by aerial surveillance and satellite
“Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica ed Applicazioni Ambientali (D.I.I.A.A.)” - University of Palermo (ITA)
Scientific Coordinator: Prof. Enrico Napoli
University of Malta (UOM) - International Ocean Institute –Malta Operational Centre (MT)
Scientific Coordinator: Dr. Aldo Drago
OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING OIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTINGOIL SPILL PROPAGATION FORECASTING THE NEED► Use an operational system for predicting the fate and Use an operational system for predicting the fate and
transportation of an oil spill in the Malta Channel transportation of an oil spill in the Malta Channel
► Develop coastal models to detail the areas around the Develop coastal models to detail the areas around the Maltese Islands and PozzalloMaltese Islands and Pozzallo
► In case of emergency, oil spill models help to determine In case of emergency, oil spill models help to determine ...... where will the oil slick move towhere will the oil slick move to when will it get therewhen will it get there what will be its state when it arriveswhat will be its state when it arrives
SIMULATED SPILL: 10 tons od petrol (2 ton of “Rice Hull”)
In Catania Coast Guard aerial base researchers analyzed the hydrodynamic simulation forecast and compared the results vs the acquired data.
The position of the husk rice retrieved by means of remotely sensed data were compared to the simulations of the hydrodynamic forecast model.
ATR42
THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE
MEDILABMEDILAB Water Activities Water Activities
Pozzallo SIMULATION29th November 2007
THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE THE MAPRES EXERCISETHE MAPRES EXERCISE
Palermo June 14, 2010University of Palermo
Head of the Department ofHead of the Department ofHydraulic Engineering and Environmental ApplicationsHydraulic Engineering and Environmental Applications