Productivity, Growth and Poverty Reduction in Rural Pakistan Pakistan Strategy Support Program (PSSP) December 13, 2012 Islamabad Pakistan Rural Household Survey Overview and Highlights by Hina Nazli, Syed Hamza Haider, Stephanie Hausladen, Asjad Tariq, Hassan Shafiq, Saqib Shahzad, Amina Mehmood, Asma Shahzad and Edward Whitney
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Pakistan Rural Household Survey Overview and Highlights by Hina Nazli - PSSP
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Productivity, Growth and Poverty Reduction in Rural Pakistan
Pakistan Strategy Support Program (PSSP) December 13, 2012
Islamabad
Pakistan Rural Household Survey Overview and Highlights
by Hina Nazli, Syed Hamza Haider, Stephanie Hausladen, Asjad Tariq,
Hassan Shafiq, Saqib Shahzad, Amina Mehmood, Asma Shahzad and Edward Whitney
Plan of Presentation
• Rationale • Sample and survey instruments • Introduction of Survey – basic human capabilities
– Human factors (education, health, living conditions), – Political factors (empowerment, rights, voice), – Socio-cultural factors (status, dignity), and – Protective factors (insecurity, risk, vulnerability)
• Summary of findings • Way forward
Rationale for the Panel Survey – First of Four Annual Rounds between 2012 and 2015
Provide: • a credible baseline assessment of the rural
economy of Pakistan
• a scientific mechanism for the identification of challenges and opportunities for economic growth and poverty reduction
• and an instrument for monitoring and evaluating outcomes from National Policies especially under the New Growth Framework
Survey Sample • 19 districts from three provinces (Punjab, Sindh, KPK)
– 12 from Punjab – 5 from Sindh – 2 from KPK
• 4 mouzas in each district (76 in total)
– 1 enumeration block with a maximum of 200 households
• 28 households in one enumeration block • 2,124 households visited
– 34 refused • Survey covered 2090 households
– 1310 in Punjab, – 556 in Sindh, and – 224 in KPK
Survey Information
• 76 enumerators and 19 supervisors were selected to implement the survey
• The survey was conducted between March 20th, 2012 and April 25th, 2012
• The data entry program was written in CSPro, with internal consistency checks. The files were then converted to Stata and SPSS
Survey Instruments • Separate instruments to collect information at
household and village levels
• Household-level questionnaires – Male questionnaire – Female questionnaire – Young persons questionnaire (18-35 years)
• Village-level questionnaires
– Community questionnaire – School questionnaire – Price questionnaire
Modules in Household Level Questionnaires
Survey to Track Old Panel Households • Track households in four districts surveyed by the IFPRI panel during
1986-1991 – Attock, Faisalabad, Dir, and Badin
• A two page questionnaire was designed to find out:
– If old household is still in the village – Information on new members of the household – Information on the move-out (migration) members of the households – Reasons of moving-out
• We will be linking to the original panel from 1986-1991 and tracking
the split households as well
• This will make one of the most unique data sets in the developing world
Population Pyramid
Under 5
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29
30 to 34
35 to 39
40 to 44
45 to 49
50 to 54
55 to 59
60 to 64
65 to 69
70 to 74
75 to 79
80 to 84
85 to 89
90 to 94
95 to 99
Number of Individuals
Age
Male Female
Household Composition by Per Capita Expenditure Quintile
Negative Economic Shocks Experienced by Households
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Other
Cost of court case
Loss of income due to illness or injury
Loss of livestock due to flood
Cut-off or decrease of regular remittances
Loss or destruction of other consumption assets
Major loss of crops due to flood
Other costs of wedding
Lost home/ repair cost due to flood
Medical expenses due to illness or injury
Percentage of Households
Most Common Coping Strategies for Negative Economic Shocks
48
12
9
9
6
5
4
6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
None
Extra hours work/more members at work
Substitution for inferior food
Cut in non-essential expenses
Assistance from people/NGOs
Borrowing
Sale/mortgae of assets
Other
Percentage of households
23% households in 2010 and 18% in 2011 were affected by floods
Flood Coping Strategies Used by Households
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Invested in a better house
Rebuilt house away from watercourse
Helped community build barrages
Some family members migrated
Seasonal migration
Move toward more non-farm activities
Reduction in agricultural machinary investment
Built storage room for crops/seeds
Saved more money in case of natural disasters
Percentage of Households
Summary of Findings • Size of rural non-farm sector is larger than farm sector
• Wages and salaries are important sources of income especially for
the individuals in lower expenditure quintile
• Non farm enterprises are constrained by poor electricity and lack of credit
• A large proportion of adult population is either illiterate or do not have formal education
• Females are far behind males
• Levels of internal locus of control, self-esteem, and trust are low
Way Forward
• Detailed analysis of data is ongoing on many fronts – Markets – Linkages and connectivity – Clusters and urban agglomeration – Employment and income diversification – Migration – Decision making – Aspirations