Pak steel intership report

INTERNSHIP PROGRAME

PAKISTAN STEEL MILL KARACHI

PREPARED BY :MOHAMMAD YOUNUS & SUHAIL AHMED

1

(Internship Program Report)

PAKISTAN STEEL

NO. OF WEEKS :- 4 WEEKS INTERSHIP PROGRAM

Date : 14-06-2010 To 09-07-2010

Submitted To: Incharge (Trg. Wing) HRD

Submitted By: MOHAMMAD YOUNUS (08IN70)

WAZIR AHMED JATOI (08IN64)

SUHAIL AHMED PALIJO (08IN36)

SAEED AHMED JANDON (08IN34)

KAMRAN MEMON (08IN43)

DEPARTMENT OF

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO

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PREFACE This report contains the information about those

departments which are visited by the internees. Whatever the

machinery seen and the processes are observed, attracting the

human mind and realizes the men what science has achieved and

what kind of mericals has been done by it. Basically Pakistan steel

mill is quite attention attracting industry it provides lot of

opportunities to see, to observe, to achieve and to get the lot of

experience about the industry as well as about the machinery.

The technology installed at Pakistan steel mill is the old one but due

to the hardworking labor it can compete the latest technology even

today.

This report may also contains the facts and the real figures of the

various departments which are very beneficial for our experience

and the also for the practical knowledge. The functions and the

details of their working and the process as well as the timing and

work break down structure is also mentioned in this report. This is

edit by the students of the INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND

MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT of the nominated university of

jamshoro named MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY JAMSHORO SINDH PAKISTAN. The

details of the students are as under:-

SUHAIL AHMED PALIJO (08IN36).

MUHAMMAD YOUNUS (08IN70).

WAZIR AHMED JATOI (08IN64).

SAEED AHMED JANDAN (08IN34).

KAMRAN AHMED MEMON (08IN43).

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very thankful from the core of my heart

to honorable CEO, Pakistan Steel, MALIK ISRAR

HUSSAIN for providing us opportunity for training and

whose intelligent, wise and sound leadership has converted

manpower into wining combination by this industry into a

gold mine.

We wish to express my deep gratefulness to

MR. RIZWAN AHMED, Director (Personnel & HRD) for

his consideration and supervision. It was a memorable time

in Pakistan steel due to his kind concern.

We are also thankful to MR. NISAR A.

KHOWAJA, Incharge (Training Wing) and MR. YOUSUF

AYUB, Dy. Manager/ Incharge ( In- Plant Training) for his

precious advice and for he great encouragement and

cooperation, because of which We have successfully

completed our internship training of PAKISTAN STEEL

where we learned a lot.

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CONTENTS

UNIT’S DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO.

UNIT NO. 1 INTRODUCTION

• Brief History

• Location and Sites

07

08

09

UNIT NO. 2 PRODUCTION PLANING & CONTROL

• Introduction of Production, Planning

and Control.

• Objective of Production, Planning

and Control.

• Roll of Production Planning and

Control in Pak steel.

• Hot metal section.

• Steel making section.

• Rolling section.

• Budgeting and procurement section.

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11

12

12

13

16

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UNIT NO. 3

QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

• Quality, Quality Control.

• Quality Control in Pakistan steel.

• Quality Control section in Pakistan

steel.

i) RMHD Section.

ii) COBP Section.

iii) Sintering section.

iv) IMD Section.

v) SMD section.

vi) HSM section

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vii) REFRACTORY Section.

viii) CRM SECTION

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UNIT NO. 4

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND

REPAIR SECTION

• Maintenance

• Objectives of Plant maintenance

• Importance of the maintenance

• Maintenance section in Pakistan steel.

• M.E.R.S

• Maintenance of HSM

• Maintenance of SINTERING

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UNITE NO. 5

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT

• DEFINITION

• FUNCTION

• SALIENT FUNCTIONS’ OF I.E.D

• PRESENT EXERCISE.

• FUTURE PROGRAMME.

• WORKING OF I.E.D NOW A

DAYS.

• HAZARD ALLOWANCES

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INTRODUCTION

Steel is the main metal in the world

without steel the life became incomplete

because steel is used in many places where

no metal or non-metal thing can not be

used not only Pakistan there so much

demand of in steel in world steel is the

bake bone of any country it plays vital role

in the development of any country not only

in physical sense but also economically.

Similarly like other countries Pakistan has

decided to install its own steel mill because

before steel mill, the steel and the related

metals are the imported from other

countries. Before steel mill he was

dependents of other countries. But now he

is capable of producing 1.1milion ton of

steel mill by his own which is not sufficient

but quit helpful for the country from every

aspect foundation of steel mill was kept by

the legend Qaid-e-awam ZULIFIQAR ALI

BHUTTO in 1976 with the co-operation of

Russia who have transferred the latest

technology of that time and this project of

about billion approximately it was

completed in 1981.first time in Pakistan

the blast furnace started in 1981 to produce

pig iron further it was converted into steel

of different grades.

Pakistan steel mill is separated over 18000

acres out of which 10000 was fixed for

mill and rest of will be for the housing and

medical facilities Pakistan steel mill not

only provides the medicate facilities but all

type of facilities such as education, sports, completion and higher education

facilities etc due to Pakistan steel mill thousands of people are employed and

living the prosperous life.

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BRIEF HISTORY

The engineering goods industry is recognized the world over as most critical for the

development of self reliant and vibrant economy. This industry, however, depends heavily

on basic metals industry, specially the iron & steel industry for the supply of resource

inputs. the iron & steel industry, therefore holds the key To the sustained growth of the

engineering sector and hence to the development of the economy as whole. As such the

steel industry can be termed as mother industry to all modern industries, being the basic

source of metal for them. In this perspective the importance of the national assets such as PAKISTAN STEEL,

which determined on their strength and ability to sustain the national growth rate, need not

be emphasized. Abundant steel, sufficient power and adequate Transport are otherwise

also absolute necessities for the rapid industrialization of developing countries today. If

one desires to find out what PAKISTAN STEEL has done for the country, one will have

to venture back in time, into the early 70s when PAKISTAN STEEL was only a dream on

paper.

By that time non-existence of an iron & steel making plant of a reasonable size in

Pakistan had shown its adverse effects on the industrial and economic development of the

country which continued to suffer various set backs because of dependence on import of

iron and steel products.

A stage had been reached when it had been realized that the import bill to meet all the

re3quirements of steel could not be supported indefinitely. In fact the idea of setting up of

a steel mill in the country had been cooking over the red hot coals of controversy since the

introduction of the first five year plan (1955-60) which laid emphasis on the domestic

production of iron and steel.

Debates over the manufacturing process, supply sources of the requisite machinery and

raw materials, plant site, domestic ore versus imported ore, ownership pattern, product-

mix and above all, foreign financing g credits, kept the projects simmering over as period

of two decades.

In 1968 beside other factors, it was considered by the Government that a basic steel

industry should be established in the public sector as public sponsorship of the project

would enable integrated development of steel industry in the country. in the light of this,

Government decided that the Karachi Steel Project should be sponsored in the public

sector for which a separate Corporation under the Companies act be formed, in the

pursuance of this decision Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation was setup as a private limited

company under companies act 1913 in the public sector on 2nd

July, 1968 with the object

to establish and run Steel Mills at Karachi and other places in Pakistan.

In January, 1969, PAKISTAN STEEL concluded an agreement with V/O Tiajpromexport

of the then USSR for preparation of a feasibility report for the establishment of steel Mills

at Karachi. Subsequently in January, 1971 Pakistan and the USSR signed an agreement

under which the latter agreed to provide techno-financial assistance for the construction of

a coastal-based integrated Steel Mills at Karachi.

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The foundation stone of this vital and gigantic project was laid on 30th

December,1973

the then Prime Minister of Pakistan., the mammoth construction and erection work, of an

integrated steel mills never experienced before in the country, was carried out by a

consortium of Pakistani construction companies under the overall supervision of soviet

experts.

PAKISTAN STEEL does not only have to construct the main production units but a host

of infrastructure facilities involving unprecedented volumes of work and expertise.

Component units of the Steel Mills numbering over twenty and each a big enough factory

in its own right were commissioned as they were august, 1985 with coke oven and by-

product plant coming on steam the first and the galvanizing unit the last. Commissioning

of blast furnace No. 1 on 14th

August, 1981 marked Pakistan’s entry into the elite club of

iron and steel producing nations. The project was completed at a capital cost of Rs. 24,700

million. The completion of the steel mills was formally launched by the president of

Pakistan on 15th

January, 1985.

PAKISTAN STEEL today is the country’s largest industrial undertaking having

production capacity of 1.1million tones of steel. The enormous dimensions of the project

can be visualized from the construction inputs which involved the use of unparalleled 1

29 million cubic meters of concrete, 5.70million cubic meters of earth work (secondly to

Tarbela Dam), 330,000 tones of machinery, steel structure and electrical equipment. It’s

unloading and conveyor system at Port Qasim is the third largest in the world and its

industrial water re3soervior with a capacity of 110 million gallons per day is the lar54gest

concrete reservoir in Asia. A 2.5 kilometers long sea water channel connects the plant site

to feed the sea water circulation system with 216 million gallons per day. The plant’s 2 km

long flyover which connects the steel mills with National Highway was the largest in the

country when built.

The above figures illustrate the massive civil works, intricate erect ions, installation of

sophisticate4d electrical and mechanical and equipment with the completion of

PAKISTAN STEEL, the local contractors gained the technical ability till the unknown to

them which they utilized later to undertake works worth millions of rupees/dollars both

within the country and abroad specially Middle East.

LOCATIOIN AND SITE:

PAKISTAN STEEL is located at a distance of 40 km South East of Karachi at Bin Qasim

in close vicinity of Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is a coastal site which lies on the National

Highway is linked to the railway network. It was found to be an ecologically preferable

location, alongside a tidal creek and having wind direction away from the city of Karachi.

PAKISTAN STEEL is spread over an area of 18,600 acres (about 29 square miles)

including 10,390 acres for township and 200 acres for 110 MG water reservoir. In addition

it has leasehold rights over an area of 7520 acres for mining of limestone and dolomite in

Makli and Jhampir areas of district Thatta.

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INTRODUCTION:-

Production planning and control as its name suggest that it is combination of three

departments:

1. PRODUCTION DEPTT:

2. PLANNING DEPTT:

3. CONTROL DEPT:

1-Production:

It is the process or procedure to develop to transform a set of input element like

men, material, machine and capital information and energy into ratio specified set

of output elements like finished products and services in proper quantity and

quantity to achieve the objectives of the enterprise

PLANNING:

1. Planning all aspects of the production, selling etc, are essential in order to

minimize intangibles.

2. Planning is the process by which a manager anticipates the future and discovers the

alternative courses of actions open to him.

3. Planning is the economic, rational, systematic way of making decisions today

which will affect the future e.g what will be done in future, who will do it and

where it will be done.

4. Infect every managerial work/act whether it would be physical or mental is

inexorably intertwined with planning.

5. Without proper planning the activities of an enterprise became confused.

6. Prior planning is necessary or very essential for utilizing the available facilities

(Men, material, machine, etc) to the best of the advantage.

CONTROL :

1. Controlling is the process that measures current performance and guides it towards

some pre-determined goals.

2. controlling involves:

� Monitoring of the activities to make sure that the objectives are being met.

� The initiation of corrective actions as required overcoming problems, if any

hindrance is occurred during the process.

� Checking and the examination is required on the periodic basis to ensure

that the things are preceding as per plan.

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� It is necessary to ensure that the orders are not miss-understood rules are

not violated and objectives have not been unknowingly shifted.

� It is the continuous process that measures the progress of the operations

(compares) verifies them confirms with the pre-determined plan and takes

correctives actions if required.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PRODUCTION PLANNAING AND

CONTROL:-

• Effectiveness: goods to fulfill customers’ needs

• Maximizing output: maximum output with minimum input

• Quality control: Product/service quality meets planned quality specifications

• Minimize throughput time: conversion of RM to FG in minimum time

• Capacity: full utilization of men & machines

• Minimize cost: minimum cost of production

• Maintaining inventory: optimal inventory

• Flexibility: flexibility in production operations

• Coordination: between men & machines

• Capacity: plan for current & future needs

• Reduce bottlenecks: solve production problems early

• Maximize profit: minimize cost

• Production schedules: as per plan

• Routes & schedules: to optimize use of men, material & machinery

• Maintain performance: maintain standards

ROLE OF PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL IN STEEL

MILL:-

It is one of the main department of the steel mill basically its main function is to make

planning for the over all production either it is daily, weekly, monthly or annually.

It plays the role of the backbone in the steel mill. Without ppc steel mill is useless if you

really want to make it useful their must be ppc department. If any org. is working without

planning it has to bear heavy loss as well as the lot of wastage of the time and other factors

such as money, material, machinery. Planning is the single tool which minimizes that

effect and maximizes the profit.

In steel mill under the quit capable supervision of the production planning and control

deptt: almost all production deptt: are working. Due to large numbers of the department

ppc has divided them into the three groups. By grouping system it is easy to handle and

control. Details of the department are as under

There are 4 major groups:-

1. Hot metal section/department.

2. Steel making department/section.

3. Rolling section.

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4. Budgeting and Procurement section.

All these sections are further divided into various units or departments.

HOT METAL SECTION:-

It is the main section of the ppc department. It deals with the all type of the hot metal

and the raw material. It contains the following departments.

1. RAW MATERIAL AND HANDLIND DEPARTMENT.

2. SINITERING DEPARTMENT.

3. COCK OVEN AND BY PRODUCT DEPARTMENT.

4. IRON MAKING DEPARTMENT.

RAW MATERIAL AND HANDLING DEPARTMENT

Pakistan steel mill meets its raw material‘s requirement both from indigenous as well

as foreign sources locally available materials include:-

1).Limestone 5.)Bauxites

2).Dolomite 6).Magnetite

3).Fireclay 7).Chromites

4).Fluoride

Of these PAKISTAN STEEL MILL has also leasehold rights for limestone and

dolomite quarries located within the convenient distance of the works. Nevertheless

the basic minerals namely (iron ore, coking coal and manganese ore are imported

because of the indigenous non-availability In appropriate chemistry /quality and

quantity. Major raw material requirement at full production is given below:-

ITEM At 1.1MTPY

(IN THOUSAND TONNES).

IMPORTED:-

Coking coal 1050

Iron ore 1910

Manganese ore 28

Ferro-manganese 6

Ferro-silicon 3

Aluminum 2

Zinc 3

Fluorite 5

LOCAL:-

Limestone 390

Dolomite(sinitert grade) 185

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Dolomite(refractory grade) 46

Refractory clay 28

Silica sand 19

ITEM Location

IMPORTED:-

Coking coal Australia ,Canada

Iron ore Australia, Canada, Iran, India

Manganese ore Canada

Ferro-manganese Canada, Iran, India

Ferro-silicon India, Iran

Aluminum Australia, Canada

Zinc Iran, India

Fluorite India, Iran

LOCAL:-

Limestone Makli Distt: Thatta

Dolomite(sinitert grade) Jhumpir

Dolomite(refractory grade) Jhumpir

Refractory clay Balochistan

Silica sand Balochistan

BLENDING YARD:- IT is the ground where blends are made by mixings the same material but ratio of

the % should be different.

BLEND:- It is the mountain of the mixtures of the two materials of different % ratio.

Let have an example of the iron ore there are two types of the iron ore one is local and

other is imported.

Both these materials are mixed to attain the required % of the iron ore because the

imported iron ore is the expensive one so that we cannot used the imported iron ore at

all.

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SINITERING:- This plant has two sintering machines with an effective

sintering area of the 75 square meters.

After BMR the sintering area has increased to 90 sq.m thereby

increasing the annual production capacity from 1.5 million

tones to 1.8 million tones of the sinter. These machines

provide sinter to the iron making deptt: for production of the

hot metal /pig iron sinter is prepared by heating up an

amalgam or cake ,dolomite, limestone and iron ore.

COKE OVEN AND BY PRODUCT

PLANT: There two cokes over batteries in this plan

and each battery consists of 49 ovens.

The first battery was commissioned von

17th

April, 1981 where as the second one was

commissioned on 7th

may,

1985. These batteries produce metallurgical

coke and other by by-products such as

coke oven gas ammonium sulphate.

Coal-tar etc. coke oven gas is used for

generating electricity by thermal power plant.

Coal-tar is a very useful item which

can be used for producing basic chemical products. It is utilized in the manufacturing

of the black carbon, insecticides and even some perfumes. PAKISTAN STEEL’S coke

is of the highest international standards. It not only sells in the local market is in

demand in many foreign countries also other coke is exported to the overseas markets.

IRON MAKING DEPARTMENT There are two blast furnaces in the iron making

deptt: each B.F with an effective volume of

1033cm3

and has the capacity of the 1750 tones of

the molten metal/iron per day the 1st B.F went into

the production on 14th

august 1981 while the 2nd

B.F also became operational on the independence

day in 1984.this plant also produces the by-

products called the granulated slag from both the

blast furnaces. It is about 250,000 tons per year.

This is also utilized in the slag cement, slag

wools; slag blocks for the buildings and the

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construction of the roads.

It also produces the gas utilized in thermal power plant for the generation of the

electricity. the molten iron produced by the iron making department called the pig iron

is not only sufficient for the internal demands of the Pakistan steel mill but numerous

foundries demands the pig iron in the country. This pig iron is measures up a/c to the

international standards and has been supplied to the various foreign countries such as

India, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, china, south Korea and Japan

STEEL MAKING PLANT/DEPARTMENT:-

In this plant two top-blown basic oxygen furnaces (linz-donawitz)

Converter of 130 tones charge weight each is installed which transform molten iron

into steel. In order cast molten steel in the shapes of the blooms, slabs, and billets. A

bloom caster and the billet caster are added in 1989and the two slab casters are also

installed in the plant blooms of 260*260mm size are used for making the billets in the

billet mill where as the slabs of the 150to200mm and width size of 700 to1550mm are

supplied to the 1700mm or hot strip mill for the manufacturing of the hot rolled sheets.

The cast billets of 80*80mm-150*150mm size produced in the billet caster are directly

marketed the first converter was commissioned on the 18th

December 1982 and the

billet caster on the 22nd December 1982,first slab caster on the 10th

august 1983and

the second on the 1st November 1983.

BILLET MILL(800mm):- Prime quality rolled billets of the size 50*50mm to 100*100mm are being produced in

the billet mill which is most important plant of the Pakistan steel mill. Capability of

the manufacturing of the round billets of 56mm diameter has also been attained by the

Pakistan steel mill steel billets are utilized for producing, besides construction bars and

other products such as wire rods, nuts, bolts, balling hoops, rails, heavy structure

rolled sections, seamless pipes, gas cylinders etc. The 800mm billet mill was

commissioned on 11th

October 1982.

CONTINOUS BILLET CASTER:-

In order to meet the demands of the billets in the market as well as to balance the

designed production capacity of the steel mill to cater for the market demand

PAKISTAN STEEL has set up a six strands continuous billet caster with production

capacity of 400,000 tones per annum, adjacent to steel making department.

Billet caster can produce billets in sizes of the 50*50mm,100*100mm,125*125mm,the

machinery and equipment were produced from M/s voest-alpine, Austria at the total

cost of Rs.167.7 millions .the project was commissioned on the 11th

November

1989,product through the billet caster is more efficient and cost effective than through

bloom casting/billet re-rolling route.

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ROLLING SECTION The rolling section has been further divided into the two sections.

1. Hot strip mill (1700mm).

2. Cold rolling mill.

3.

HOT STRIP MILL (1700mm).

With the commissioning of the hot stripe mill on the 25

th December 1983.the

production of the steel sheets ,strips, coil commenced in the country.

The annual production capacity of the 1700mm hot strip mill is 790,000 tones. Cold rolled

sheets and stripes are also produced from the hot rolled coils and sheets, strips .Hot rolled

sheets and stripes are used for the manufacturing the pipes of the small, large and medium

sizes. Bodies of the cars and other vehicles, railway wagons transformers boilers big tanks

ocean going ships machines furniture and much more.

COLD ROLLING MILL:-

This plant is used for the production of the cold rolled coils which are more beneficial for

various types of works such as sheets pf the vehicles, as well as the body of the aero

planes and etc. An other assignment is also fulfilled which is of the slitting and shearing

these sheared sheets are used for the flouring, as well as ceiling and in various other

functions where there hot rolled sheets are not benefited.

CRM is the one of the largest and the cleanest department in the whole steel mill

.It is the one of the best deptt: which always remain clean, all the products of the steel mill

depend on the CRM deptt because each and every product has to pass from that deptt:

CRM contains following units or sections:

1. Continuous pickling unit.

2. Reversible unit.

3. Annealing furnace.

4. Tempering mill unit.

5. Combined slitting and shearing units.

6. Galvanizing unit.

7. Profile bending.

The most important section of the CRM deptt: is the single strand reversible mill which

has the annual production capacity of 200,000 tones .out of this 100,000tonnes can be

utilized to manufacture the formed sections and 90,000 tones are salable in the market as

the cold rolled sheets /coils. Cold rolled sheets and coils are used in the those industries

which are manufacturing the bicycles ,steel containers, drums, barrels, jerry can bodies of

the buses and other vehicles and steel furniture’s ,machinery parts instruments for oil and

gas etc. galvanized sheets are used for the manufacturing of the trucks, buckets ,iron

shuttering ceilings air-conditioning, ducts, ribbed sheets deserts, coolers utensils of the

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daily use, air-conditioners water heaters, and water tanks, etc all the units of the cold

rolling mill were commissioned b/w the February to December 1984.the operation of the

main cold rolling mill units marked the completion of the phase of producing 1.1 millions

tones of steel products.

BUDGTING AND PROCURMENT:-

Budgeting and procurement are two different phrases each phrase has its own actual

meaning as the phrase budgeting from its name it suggest the process of the making

budget of the org.

Each and every organization must have a separate budgeting section because until and

unless an organization .doesn’t prepare its budget, obviously it will bear heavy losses not

only in case of capital but due to not perfectly defined budget it’ll also remain at the

backside in all fields. Similarly in Pakistan steel mill the budgeting section is performing

its duties under the kind control of the production planning and control department.

FUNCTION OF THE BUDGETING SECTION:-

It’s first and for most function is to make budget for the whole organization. Sometimes

the budget will be out of the situation so in that case first to overcome all types of the

waste or extra expenses then the strategy is made. This will prove better for the

organization.

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QUALITY Quality means the degree of perfection of excellence when applied to

manufactured produces. It not necessary means “the beat”. It should imply “the best for

money” that is the product should meet the desired requirement at lowest cost.

The word “quality” is meaning less until and unless the product made up of high quality

has specified used means product serve the specified function for which it is made.

Quality of product is relative terms and it can only be comparing some standards hence the

quality of product may be defined as the conformance to standard and speciation. Quantity

also has a considerable effect on quality and hence it becomes more complex to manger to

control and to achieve the quantity output.

QUALITY CONTROL Basically “Quality control” we mean that those process or operation of testing

measuring and manufacturing components with a standard and then determining whether

it should be accepted, rejected, adjusted, or reworked.

It is off course more sensible to control the process so that the standard are being

maintained and that defective parts will not be produced instead of accepting or rejecting a

part after it has been manufactured thus the quality control means the systematic control of

those variable in a manufacturing process which affect the excessive.

QUALITY CONTROL IN PAKISTAN STEEL As we have already discussed that the importance of the quality control in any

organization in the above section so in any time of organization either it is manufacturing

industry or service industry or it any corporation all are bounded towards the quality of

their product to meet their consumer demand and hence o increase the productivity.

Pakistan steel is the largest organization of Pakistan and it produces wide variety of steel

product to meet their consumer demand and hence the demand of customer can be

checked by ensuring the quality of product.

Therefore Pakistan steel have their separate quality control department (Q.C.D) situated at

he operation building of Pakistan steel mill.

Q.C.D is under the supervision of various engineer’s, superidents etc those have wide

knowledge and skills t check the quality of their product, process and also control the

quality of whole process in each and every department involving in production in which

further necessary action is to be taken.

In Pakistan steel mill raw iron ore is converted into the required product through various

departments all have different function and task to complete their job hence in every

department there is section or plant of quality of control namely called Q.C.D section of

particular production side.

Therefore quality control originally based on 12 sections which are as follows.

1) RAW MATERIAL HANDLING DEPARTMENT (RMHD)

2) COCK OVEN BY PRODUCT COBP

3) REFRACTORIES AND LIME PRODUCT SECTION

4) STEEL MAKING DEPARTMENT (SMD)

5) BILLET MILL

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6) IRON MAKING DEPARTMETN (IMD)

7) SINTRING SECTION

8) HOT STRIP MILL (HSM)

9) COMBINE SHARING AND SILITING (CSSU)

10) COLD ROLL MILL (CRM)

11) FINAL PRODUCT DISPATCH CONTROL DEPARMTENT (FPDC).

Above are the quality control section in every department and performing their job

pleasantly. Here we are going to describe each one by one.

RAW MATERIAL HANDLING DEPARTMENT

INTORUDUCTION

This is the very stage in which the raw

material is handle that has been taken either from local

resources or it taken taken from internationally.

RMHD section’s basically work about two particular

field i-e

i) Blending ii) Primarary stock

• Primarary stock is one which the various type of

raw material which is unloaded at jeetti and through

convare comes at RMHD and then to make pile through

layer’s of material, there are basically four type of pile are

there Pile1 and pile-2 containing material in lump form and

pile-3 and pile-4 of material in fine form.

• Blending is a section in which the mixture of two

or more than two material if to be mixed both of same

nature.

TYPES OF RAW MATERIAL

Not only iron ore there is many other material that has been taken either

locally or international and it can classified as follows

1) IRON ORE

The iron ore used is usually taken from international market but it also taken local as

well when required

a) Iron ore in LUMP form

b) Iron ore in FINE form

2) MAGNESSE

The manganese has wide application in making of various grade therefore pak steel

took manganese in two form i-e lump and fine.

3) QUARTIZIDE

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4) DOLOMITE

5) LIME STONE

6) SILICA SAND

7) BANTONITE CLAY.

PROCEDURE OF RHMD

The material that has come internationally is unloaded at JT.

There are two types of convare belt that has taken the unloaded material

i) 12’-1 ii)12’-2

There are two sampler is installed on each convere i-e

Sample no. 1 on 12’-1 and sampler no. 2 on 12’-2.

Whenever the ore flow over the convere the extreme of that ore is to be cutter and on

each sampler there is material box in which the cutter material is inserted until the

bucket is full the material is shifted down. After all that the reversing belt is there now

if the belt is moved forward there is sieve of -6mm to + 6 mm present.

The material less then under the size of 6 – 30, is to be sieved and drill down as fine

and which is not sieved is also taken from the surface and hence by forward moving

we get both lump and fine form of ore.

On the other hand if the material is moved in reversed direction there is

combine crusher to crushes further into the size of -10 to +10 mm. Now all these ore

(material) is further crushing & girding the metal is becomes very much powder like

sand is shifted to the process so that through various analyses they may get the

required %age of Fe content in crushed ore and hence observed the quality.

RAW MATERIL QUALITY CONTROL SECTION

At RMHD the quality control section is responsible to taken the sample

of raw material and make it in proper form by following a particular process and then

send it to the process lab so that to analyze the content of material and % age of their

presence in the material is also taken.

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COCK OVEN BY PRODUCT (COBP )

INTRODUCTION COBP abbreviated as cock oven

by products. It’s the one that provide the cock as

a basicwith various other by products those were

necessary to regulate in various section as a fuel

as some of them also sell into the market after little

processing as a extra profit to the organization.

COBP FUNCTION

COBP works on to performs the following

actions,

COCK to convert COAL

COBP has major works to produce coal

through

cock so that it provided facility in the blast furnace

and

in converter as well as a fuel. When the coal is to be

taken from the battery one by one after that

quenching

of coal is to be done in two different fashion i-e dry or

wet quenching.

After quenching sieve analysis is to be done if the size

of cock is in b/w 25-80 mm the cock is continuously transferred to the blast furnace

and more the 80 mm size mean’s +80 mm is to be sell out and -25 mm is lying down

and make use of it if required.

BY PRODUCT OF COBP

COAL TAR, COCO ONE GAS, AMMONIA GAS.

• Ammonia gas after passing through sulfuric acid is to be manufactured as a by

product which is used fertilizers.

• Similarly coco one is also collected and this gas used as a burned in various

even it is also used in cock battery. The coco one gas has low colorific value

then natural gas but it is the by product so its provide facility as a fuel.

• Coal tar is major by product it is used as a fuel in various section and also used

in refractory bricks.

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COBP QUALITY CONTROL SECTION

COBP has a continuous process the cock comes through battery and

send it of required size to B.F but through sampler the sampler is also be taken after

every 6 hours and check the quality of the coal and then gives specification of the B.F

operator observers so now its depends upon B.F’s operator either he satisfied with the

specification given by COBP quality section or don’t he.

The quality of manufactured coal is to be checked by following process as we have

done in RHMD. The sampler take’s the sample of cock and sample is to crushed ,

grind and then make it into powder form which is then send to the process lab so that

to understand the chemical composition.

The most preferable composition of coal is as

Chemistry % age of material involved

Ash 12.2 %

Volatile 1.3 %

Sulphur 0.5 %

Carbon Remaining %age

In the quality section of COBP the strength of the coal is also checked through the used of

the drum tester.

At this stage the sampler of 25 mm to 80 mm is to be filled into the drum and revolve it

about 10 revolution now we have 2 types of sieve’s namely the 40 M and 10 M sieve there

fore the drum cock is to be spread over 40 M sieve.

Hence in sieving of the cock taken from the drum so to be passé most of particle down the

40 M sieve to 10 M sieve and further from 10 M to -10 M so the strength of the coal is to

be called is poor strength but on the other hand if the drum of cock present more of it past

over the 40 M sieve and some of the 10 M sieve so in this case it is called good strength

coal.

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SINTERING

INTRODUCTION

Sintering is one of the most important plant in pak

steel sintering with its material provide basis to B.F so

that it may produce the molten iron. The raw material either

comes locally or it may internationally in fine or lump form

so sintering basically make use of fine form of raw

material.

PROCESS OF SINTEIRND Q.C.D SECTION

First of all through conver’s raw material

comes and it put into the mixture. When the mixture is to

be filled by burner’s the quality observer has to observe

how to operate the mixture and this mixture is also called

the ball because it converts the fine forms of raw material into the balling drum

which revolves, the quality observer observed the mixture or sinter is properly mixed

or not and if he issue so that mixture to is send to the sintering machine now this

mixture is to be burned by applying heat from up side after wards these mixture cake

is fully burned and continuously cooling when of away from the hot blast and then this

cake is diminish by jaw crusher and tend the sinter to the blast furnace now remember

quality of sinter has major importance and hence it produce wonderful type of raw

iron.

SINTER COMPOSTION

As we know that nowadays the Pakistan steel facing a lot of problem due

to the lankness of raw material and many of its so now a day the composition of sintering

which is send to the B.F is as follow,

Chemistry % age of material involved

Fe 55.85 - 57.85

MnO 0.90 – 1.10

MgO 1.85 – 2.05

CaO 1.19 – 1.39

FeO 11.0 – 13.00

Al2O3 1.65 – 1.85

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SiO2 6.50 – 6.70

IRON MAKING DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

In this department the raw iron is to be prepared through sinter and lump

form of iron ore means it is a stage in which the ore (fine + lump) form is to be

converted a metal form. The metal obtain from IMD is generally serve two purpose

either molted material is shipped into the SMD or it may go to foundry section to

shape it into the pig called the pig iron.

PROCEDURE OF IMD SECTION

At this stage the raw material or ore form is to be converted into the raw

metal from hence all the further process is based on this stage i-e when the coal of

required size (25 – 80) mm similarly various material’s taken from various

department depends upon the requirement and the order giving by PPC.

When the sinter of some composition is come from the sintering section and lump

form of iron ore is come from the RMHD both form as a charge in blast furnace and

hence when the charge in inserted into the blast furnace the operation of the blast

furnace is start by employing high pressure gas through tuyers. The operation of blast

furnace is depends greatly on the zones of blast furnaces because each zone have

different temperature to other.

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Zone’s of Blast Furnace

The blast furnace has the following zones with their temperature

Zones Temperature

Hearth 1700 – 1800

Bosh 1600 - 1500

Bally 600, 700, 800

Stack 800 – 1000

Throat 600 – 1000

High pressure in employed through tuyers and all charge inside reaction and hence as

a result it is to be converted into two things i-e molten iron or slage.

The iron has the high density and hence it is to be shifted down the blast furnace

where as the slag has low density is placed above the molted iron. Now through taping

whole first the iron is to be taking and filled it in the bowl and after that the slag is

also taken and it is also taken into the bowl.

Major Specification Of Typical B.F

Specification Value

Capacity 1750 tonn daily

Volume 1033 cubic m

height 96 m

Stack 800 – 1000

Throat 600 – 1000

BLAS FURNANCE QULAITY SECTION

Strictly speaking there is no quality section in blast furnace only the molten iron

whose sample is to be taken and that sample is send it the process labs so that they

applied very technique and using various parameters and then gives the specification

of he molten metal like to how much %age of carbon is places %age of sulpure,

phosphorus etc and give the report to the SMD section.

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STEEL MAKING DEPARTMENT SMD

INTRODUCTION

It is the one of the most important department of

Pakistan steel it’s not wrong if we called it as a heart

of Pak Steel. At this stage we prepared the steel of

required grade and shape into the various form casting

process slabs, blooms are the product of this stage.

PROCEDURE OF SMD

STEEL MAKING PROCESS THROUGH

CONVERTER

Hot metal is transported from the twp blast

furnace by rail cars in 140 tones open transfer ladles

and charged into the mixer by crane. The mixer acts

as a buffer storage vessel to accommodate variation

b/w iron production and the steel making operation.

To maintain the temperature in the mixer natural gas

burners heat the surface of the hot metal.

Hot metal is poured from the mixer into a charging ladle mounted on the self –

propelled rail car. During pouring the ladle car is positioned on a weighbridge.

The hot, metal is charged into the converter by crane.

After charging, the converter is rotated to a vertical position and one of the two water-

cooled oxygen lances nozzle relative to the liquid metal surface is important in order

to create the optimum reaction conditions.

To attain the desired carbon content in the refined and to oxidize other impurities a

calculated volume of oxygen is blow into the converter at a controlled flown rate.

During blowing process a pre- determined quantity of calcinated lime is added to the

vessel to produce a slag which aids the refining process. Fluoride is added for slag

fluidity control. Iron ore is sometimes added for temperature control. Coke can be

added for carbon control.

If the desired steel temperature and carbon contents are not attained then a re blow is

undertaken. When the end-point conditions are achieved, the converter is tilted is

poured into a 130 tones steel ladle through a tap hole. Alloying materials are added to

the ladle during tapping. Ladle additives, namely for ferromanganese and ferrosilicon,

are weighed out of storage bins and loaded into boxes which are transported by a fork

lifter truck to the steel ladle side of the converter. Two boxes can be positioned

together on a discharging device and the contents added to the ladle. Aluminum bars

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by bags of cokes breeze are added to the ladle by hand. For certain steel speciation

calcium silicates is also added to the ladle.

On completion of tapping, the steel ladle is moved by a self- propelled rail car into the

ladle bay of casting area. The converter is tilted in the opposite direction and the slag

is discharge into the slag pot, which is taken by a self- propelled a rail car to the slag

bay.

STEEL CONVERTER SPECFICATION

The various specification of steel converter’s used in SMD shop is as follows,

No. of converter’s 2 No.’s

Type Top blown oxygen converter

Capacity 130 tons capacity

Working volume 93 M³

Specific volume M³/T 0.68

Ration H/L 1.68

Mouth Dia 2430 mm

Inner Dia 4240 mm

Inner Height 7125 mm

Total thickness of wall brick work 920 mm

No. of bottoms 3 No.s for two converter’s

Total thickness of the safety lining

bottom brick work

Chrome magnesite

Working lining Ten bonded dolomite

Lining life 400 heats

Rate of oxygen blowing 450 M³/min

Oxygen blowing time 18 minute (average)

Oxygen consumption 58 Cu.M/Ton.

Tap – to – Tap blowing time 40 Min/Heat

60 Max / Heat

MIXER

The mixer used has the following specifications

No. of Mixer One

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Capacity 1300 tones

CONTINOUS CASTING PROCESS

There are three machines, a 4-stand blooms caster and 2 stand slab caster and 6 stand

of billet caster.

The bloom and slab casters are similar in operation and the difference b/w the

instruments and control systems of the two types of machine are described in the

individual zone reports. The ladle from the steel making shop is moved by crane to a

prepared caster. When stabilization of chemical composition or temperature of the

steel is necessary the ladle is taken to a stirring station and nitrogen is blown through

and immersed lance. The temperature of the steel is measured before the ladle is

placed on a caster turret. When the ladle is positioned correctly on the turret arms the

crane is unhooked and an operating cylinder is fitted to the slide gate valve of the

discharge nozzle. The turret can accommodate two ladles, one in the casting position

and the other in reserve or awaiting removal.

A prepared tundish on a tundish car is positioned over the stands of the caster and the

immersion nozzle for each water-cooled copper mould id fixed in position. A mould is

sealed by the head of a dummy bar inserted through the rollers of the stand.

The turret is rotated to bring the ladle into the casting position above the tundish. The

slide gate valve of the ladle is opened and the tundish is filled to require level. The

tundish stoppers are opened and when the liquid steel in each mould reaches the

required level the respective mould oscillating mechanism and with drawl drive are

started. The continuous cast bloom or slab, on being withdrawn iron the mould, is

sprayed with water in the secondary cooling zone.

During casting the levels in the tundish and moulds are regulated. The casting speed is

set according to the steel temperature; the latter being measured periodically in the

tundish by means of an expandable immersion thermocouple. Water flow to the

secondary cooling zones is regulated as a function of casting speed.

Samples are taken, from the steel flowing into the tundish, for analysis at the express

spectrographic laboratory. The continuous cast bloom or slab is cut to specified length

the gas cutting section. A gas cutter clamps onto the cast steel at a pre-set length and

moves in synchronism until cutting is completed. The cut lengths are moved by roller

table, transfer car and crane to the stock yard.

Series casting can be undertaken if the interval b/w converter tapings allows a new

ladle to be placed on the turret before the slide-gate valve of the previous ladle is

close.

CASTING MACHINE SPECIFICATION The various specification of continuous casting machines in SMD section are as

follows

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SLAB CASTER

No. of Machines 2 No.’s

No. of Strands Two strands each

Size : thickness 150- 200 mm

Size : width 700-1550mm

Type of machine Radial Curvilinear

Machine radius 10 meter

Casting speed 0.6-0.9 m/minutes

Capacity 825,000 T/year

Machine length

Mould top to last roller

Mould top to cutter

22 meter

36.5 meter

Metal flow control in mould Mono- block tundish stopper

BLOOM CASTER

No. of Machines 1 No

No. of Strands 04 No.s each

Size : 200 x 200 mm 260 x 260 mm

Type of machine Radial

Machine radius 12 meter

Cating speed 1.1-1.2 m/minutes

Capacity 400,000 T/year

Machine length

Mould top to last roller

Mould top to cutter

20 meter

30 meter

Metal flow control in mould Hydraulically operated mono-block

tundish stopper

QUALITY CONTROL SECTION OF SMD

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The quality section of SMD containing no. of quality plant a various place taken fro the

material from IMD and shape into other slabs, blooms etc.

When the molted iron is to be taken from the IMD and then insert it into the mixer the

one of the quality observer has to look after the mixing process because any delay causes

the reduce the temperature.

� When the molted iron through ladle insert into the converter the quality

observer has to take the sample of hot metal for analysis as it poured and the

temperature of the charge in the ladle is measured using an expandable

immersion thermocouple.

� After blowing the converter is tilled and the temperature of the steel is

measured using an expandable immersion thermo couple. A sample is to be

taken for analysis at he express spectrographic laboratory with in the SMD

building.

� The prepared steel in casting section to cast the blooms, slabs the quality

observer taken the temperature of steel and also see the tendish of mould is

properly positioned or not, the cooling system is also ok or not and afterwards

the ladle tap is open steel is casted in various blooms, slabs.

� When the casted slabs, blooms getting cooled the quality observer received

various defects of casting because of cooling system these defects are as

o Longitude straight crack

o Longitudinal corner crack

o Auxiliary crack

o Technical

o Mixing

o Ballet etc

the quality observer mark the error and sent the casted slabs to yard section.

� At the yard section the length and thickness (which is verifying) and also

the scarfing process is to be done through gas welding to determine the

stability of the crack slab after wards the verifying slab is going to HRM or

hot rolling section.

SUGGESTION

Whatever we observe in SMD section through whole analysis we found the following

those are needed to be change in order to increase the production.

The must be computerized application those gives the perfect composition of

manufactured steel when the air in blowing through lance because to observe the

composition’s specially the %age of carbon (C) and volume or air blowing to get the

required grade of steel through the observation of flame produce during blowing is

totally logical and requires too much experience on the other hand if the blowing

system is computerized which gives the minute to minute to change in composition.

Latest technology should be installed in order to prepare various type of steel instead

to produced steel of various grade.

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HOT STRIP MILL (HSM)

INTRODUCTION

It is one of the most important department

of pak steel. It is situated nearly to the SMD section.

It works to produce the coils of various grad, quality,

variety of the sheets / plates. The coils produced at

this section is either dispatch to sell or it may send to

the CRM for further processing. The manufactured

coil can also be send to the CSSU section if the

shearing or silitted bundle is required. The coils

produced through HSM which is dispatch into the

market varies in thickness and some time more thick

coil can also be dispatch if the required demand is

receive.

PROCEDURE

It is basically a forging process as a name

suggest hot rolled mean the red hoted slab of various

grade is rolled by high pressure and shape it into the

coil by passing through various pressing stand under a

heavy pressure.

It can be started when the verified slabs is to be taken

through yard section hence ensure slabs going over the

rolling section. First one by one slab are put it down

on the rollers now these slabs are measured and then put it into the furnace, the

furnace has a capacity to carry 32 slabs at a time and to heated them at a temperature

more then 1500 degree centigrade therefore rolled the quality observed obtain the

temperature of slab so that it may sustain the roller’s action and hence through control

room it is allowed to perform job.

Now at rolling action there are various stage over which the red- hoted coil has passes

through the following,

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VERTICAL STAND

Its function first to remove all the scrap

from the slab and 2nd

the compressed the slab b/w

two rollers, the vertical also controls the width of

the slabs because when the slabs is to be

compressed through passes the width of it needed to

be maintain. After the water from a huge pressure

130 kg is to be applied on the compressed slab and

hence to avoid the compressed to stick each other.

UNIVERSAL STAND

It is one of the basic and it has the capacity to produce 35mm, 30mm,

25mm of thickness of coil (sheet) from 200mm. It also the width as well which is

necessary because when the sheet is to be compressed the width controlling is

necessary. Universal stand contain two type roller i-e back or press roller and working

roller. The coil obtain from universal stand is quit thick but it also has demanded in

market and many times pak steel has provided 35mm thickness of coil to shipping co-

corporation mostly , shipping corporation requires thick coil in making the body of

ship which is need to be to thick.

It is to be remembering that after universal stand the continuous supply of water is

necessary in order to avoid the sheets in the coil to stick each other.

FINISHING STAND

There are 7-finishing stand in this shop which produced the coil of

thickness 2, 3 mm from 30-35mm on final stand. Each stand has two rollers i-e

working rollers and back roller

The quality inspector at this is responsible to watch either posses is successfully done

or not the water which is supplied in proper manner or not and hence watch through all

this can we achieve the required thickness with tolerance or not.

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REFRACTORIES SHOP

INTRODUCTION

o The main purpose of the department is to produce

• Calcined lime for SMD and others.

• Tar bonded dolomite bricks for SMD.

• Fire clay bricks for different uses all-over the Pakistan steel mil.

o The department also deals with repair and installation of refractory bricks lining all

over the plant. It has also a limited capacity to undertake thermal insulation wherever

necessary.

MAJOR SECTIONS OF FIRE-CLAY SHOP

� Raw material storage with Crushing Section.

� Fire-clay Calcinations Section (Rotary Kiln).

� Milling, Mixing and pressing Section.

� Brick firing section (Tunnel kiln

� Finished Product stockyard.)

MAJOR SECTION OF DELOMITE SHOP

� Raw Material Storage with Crushing Section.

� Dolomite Calcinations Section (Rotary Kiln)

� Milling, Mixing and pressing Section.

� Brick Firing Finished Product stockyard.

MAJOR SECTIONOF LIME SHOP

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� Lime stone storage section.

� Lime calcinations section (rotary kiln).

� Waste heat boiler section.

� Lime storage section.

a. FIRE CALY SHOP

Installed capacity = 30,000 M.Tons

No. of production lines = 05

MAIN EQUIPMENTS

No. of toggle pressure = 02, Pressing force = 630 tons

No. of friction pressure = 04, Pressing force = 200 tons

No. of Tube mills = 03 capacity = 2T / Hr

No. of rotary kiln = 01, charging rate = 2.50- 3.0 tons / hr

b. DOLOMITE SHOP

Installed capacity = 7,600 M.tons

No. of production lines = 02.

MAIN EQUIPMENTS

No. of hydraulic presses = 02, Pressing force = 1600 T

No. of Tube mills = 01, capacity = 2 T/hr

No. of roll crusher = 01, capacity = 2.5 T/hr

No. of rotary Kiln = 01, charging rate = 2.3 – 2.5 T/hr

C) LIME SHOP

Installed capacity = 87500 M.tons

No. of production lines = 02

MAIN EQUIPMENTS

No. of rotary Kilns = 02, capacity = 20 T/hr

Length = 75 m

Dia = 3.6 m

No. of heat recovery boilers = 02, capacity = 16-18 T/Hr each

No. of shaft coolers = 02, = steam generation

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAW MATERILAS

The raw material used for production of fireclay bricks, Tar bonded

Dolomite Bricks and Lime should meet the following requirement.

FIRE CLAY BRICKS

Semi flint Clay Plastic Clay

Al2O3 48.0 % (Min) 36.0 (Min)

Al203+ Ti02 content 51.0 % (Min) 39.0 (Min)

Fe203 content 2.0 % (Max) 35.0 (Max)

SiO2 content 30.0 % (Max) 50-55 %

Alkali 0.005 % (Max) 0.05 % (Max)

L.O.I (lost of ignition) 15.0 % (Max) 14.0 % (Max)

Refractoriness 1790°C 1710°C

Fraction size if in coming material 0.300 mm 0-300 mm

Source KUNDIAN

(Mianwali)

KUNDIAN

(Mianwali)

RAW DOLOMITE

RAW DOLOMITE

MgO 19.0 % (Min)

CaO content 33.0 % (Max)

SiO2 content 1.0 % (Max)

Al2O3 + Fe203 +

Ti02+ Mn3O4

2.0 % (Max)

L.O.I (lost of ignition) 45-47 % (Max)

Fraction size if in

coiming material

3-80mm

Source PAIKHEL

(Mianwali)

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LIME STONE

LIME STONE

CaO content 53.5 % (Min)

MgO content 1.2 % (max)

SiO2 + Al2O3 content 1.2 % (max)

Fe203 content 0.8 % (max)

L.O.I (lost of ignition) 43-45 %

P contents 0.060 % (max)

Fraction size if in coiming material 20-50mm

Ti02 content 0.25 % (max)

S content 0.025 % (max)

Source MAKLI

FIRE CLAY BRICKS (Finished Products) Chemical composition and properties

Fe203 content 2.4 %

SiO2 content 42 %

Al2O3 content 47.8 %

CaO content 0.9 %

MgO content 1.3 %

Ti02 content 3.4 %

L.O.I (lost of ignition) 0.18 %

Size variation +1 to -1 mm

Porosity 22.0 % (min)

Density 2.3 g/cm³

Mechanical strength 150 Kg/Cm² (min) 230

Kg/Cm² (average)

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DOLOMITE BRICKS

The chemical composition of calcined dolomite

MgO 34 % (min)

SiO2 2 % (max)

Al2O3 + Ti02+ Mn3O4 4 % (max)

L.O.I (lost of ignition) 1 % (max)

Density 3 g/Cm³

Properties of Tar bonded dolomite bricks / blocks are

Density 2.9 g/Cm³ (min)

Mechanical strength 250 Kg/Cm³ (average)

Size variation Length = +3 to -3 mm

Width = +2 to -2 mm

Height = +1 to -1 mm

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COLD ROLLING MILL (CRM):

This plant is used for the production of the

cold rolled coils which are more beneficial for various

types of works such as sheets pf the vehicles, as well as

the body of the aero planes and etc. an other assignment

is also fulfilled which is of the siliting and shearing

these sheared sheets are used for the flouring, as well as

celling and in various other functions where there hot

rolled sheets are not beneficial.

CRM is the one of the largest and the cleanest

department in the whole steel mill. It is the one of the

best department which always remain clean, all the

products of the steel mill depend on the CRM

department because each and every product has to pass

from that department

CRM contains following units or sections,

i) Continuous pickling unit.

ii) Reversible unit.

iii) Annealing furnace.

iv) Tempering mill unit.

v) Combined slitting and shearing units.

vi) Galvanizing unit.

vii) Profile bending.

Any type of raw material or coil come to CRM department it has to pass all

above mentioned units then that product can be said that it is the completely finished

product. The coil at time of entering in the CRM department is of about 14 tons but at the

time of discharging is of 5 tons sometime for special purpose its weight is increased from

5 tons to 10 tons and the thickness of the coil is below 4 mm ,at CRM it is further reduced

to 1.4 - 1.6mm.

DISCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS SECTIONS AND THE QUALITY

CONTROL

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CONTINOUS PICKLING UNIT.

It is the unit where the coil came from the hot strip mill (1700mm) by the

underground conveyer belt which directly connects the HSM and the CRM. when the

coil reach at the pickling section there is lifter fixed in the machine whose work is to lift

the coil and wear it on the uncoiler which uncoils the coil and stretch it to the length of

about 5-6m through the coils after that these coils are dipped into the acid bath where all

types of scales has been removed and then goes to the an other stand where its width is

maintained by trimming the rough edges, it is set as follows:

1250 1220

1030 1000

950 900.

After that it passes through gracing stand where it is grecced / oil is applied to coil as it

can be kept prevented from the corrosion and the natural effects.

FUNCTION OF THE PICKLING UNIT:-

The most important function is defined as “hot rolled coils are pickled in order to

remove the scales and layers of the “FeO”iron oxide by the emersion of the sheet into the

hydrochloric acid (HCL)”.

QUALITY CONTROL IN THE PICKLING UNIT.

In the pickling unit quality control only keep an eye on few of important things which

are mentioned as under:

the coil coming from the hot strip mill either it is usable or defective.

the coil’s specifications written on the heat card are correct or not. such as

o heat number

o slab number

o length, width and thickness.

the width at the time of trimming is as per requirement or not.

proper greecing is done at end of the pickling unit. It is done for prevention of the

corrosion.

REVERSIBLE STRAND:-

It is the machine where thickness of the coil is further reduced to the required

size. The is passed through the reversible strand its length is minimized from 3.5mm to

1.45mm or 1.4mm,the coil is passed through the strand according to its thickness

sometimes it passed three times and sometimes it is passed 5 times but counting always

should be in odd numbers not in even. The emulsion solution is used in which 40% of oil

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and 60% of the water is included. The solution used is so much expensive about

Rs.750/lit.

Parts of the reversible strand:-

i) uncoiler

ii) working rollers

iii) supporting/back up rollers.

These are the main parts of the reversible strand. it produces the two types of the coils one

is seen to the galvanizing plant and an other send to the annealing furnace.

QUALITY CONTROL AT REVERSIBLE STRAND.

At the reversible machine mostly there are two most important things to be checked.

The width of the coil

The surface of the coil

There are so many defects sometimes appears on the 0surface of the coil.

Edge waveness

Buckling

Marking

Bubbles

Coil break

Pores

ANNELING FURNACE:-

It is the furnace which is used to improve the internal structure of the coil or to

increase the strength of the material.

MAIN PARTS OF THE ANNELING FURNACE Main stand .

Tower

Furnace (moveable).

Stove

In annealing furnace at a time there are 4 coils of width 950mm and 3 coils of

the width 1220mm can kept. Duration of the furnace is minimum 18-44 hours depending

on the grade of the coil. Internal atmosphere of the furnace is of nitrogen gas and the

heating process takes places in absence of the oxygen/air. After discharging from the

furnace these coils are cooled

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MAINTENANCE

Today, in modern industry, equipment and a machinery are a very

important part of the total productive effort than was the case years ago. Moreover,

with the developments of special purpose and sophistical machines, equipment and

machinery cost a lot more money and there fore their and does time becomes much

more expensive. For this reason, it is vitally important that the plant machinery should

be properly maintained.

OBJECTIVES OF PLANT MAINTENANCE

i) The objective of plant maintenance is to achieve minimum breakdown and to

keep the plant in good working condition at he lowest possible cost.

ii) Machines and other facilities should be kept in such a condition which permits

them to be used at their optimum (profit making) capacity without any

interruption or hindrance.

iii) Maintenance division of factory ensures the availability of the machines,

buildings, and services required by other section of the factory for the

performance of their function at optimum return on investment whether this

investment be in material, machinery or personnel.

IMPORTANCE OF THE MAINTENANCE

i) The importance of the plant maintenance is varies with the type of the plant

and its production.

ii) Equipment breaks down leads to the inevitable loose of production.

iii) An improperly maintained or neglected plant will sooner or later requires

expensive and frequent repairs, because with the passage of the time all

machines or other facilities (such as transportation facilities), buildings, etc

wear out and need to be maintained to function properly.

iv) Plant maintenance plays a prominent role in production management the plant

break down create problems such as,

• Loss in production

• Rescheduling of production

• Spilet material (because sudden stoppage of process damages in-

process materials).

• Failures to recover overheads (because of loss in production hours).

• Need for over time.

• Temporary work shortage- workers require alternative work.

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MAINTENANCE SECTION IN PAK STEEL MILL

Basically the maintenance section of pak steel can be divided in

various sections or shop depends upon the nature of work which is under consideration.

The maintenance section of pak steel mill can be classified as

i)Pulse mechanical

ii) Central maintenance department (CMD)

iii) Mechanical Equipment and Repair Shop (M.E.R.S)

and various other section those involve in providing the facilities to the production side for

their smooth production run.

Maintenance can be done in the following fashion in any production side,

• Prevantory maintenance

• Break down / emergency maintenance

• Capital maintenance

• Modernize maintenance

� Preventary Maintenance

It is one in which we check the plant before starting production either is it ok or

it is not before as we know that the production giving section those were interlink to each other

and hence any type of damage in one part causes to stop the continuality of production and

hence the productivity.

� Capital maintenance

The designer of plant section observing the actual life of plant and it can be done when

plant fully maintain, such type of maintenance can be done in year, a month, a day, its upon the

nature of the plant whose maintenance is to be done.

� Modernize maintenance

It is one in which the modernize method require to handled the situation hence provide the

flexibility in the plant in order to increase the productivity.

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND REPAIR SECTION

( M.E.R.S)

� It is one of the most important maintenance section in pak steel mill. As the name suggest

mechanical equipment repair section means they are involved in repairing the equipment

those are necessary in order to run the smooth production.

� The shop work can be start when plant observer observes the lack in a machine by varying

the product and hence obtain the defects now he is responsible to submit these defects to

the plant top management (DM/GM) now the letter is to be issued through the plant with

the machine which requires necessary maintenance and send it to the MERS section.

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� Once the letter has been received by maintenance section now the concerned maintenance

section is responsible to arrange all the resources, manpower’s and those necessary things

and after that are schedule for the team now these team ether general or shift.

The requires is to be taken by logistic section

If the maintenance is large so the maintenance authority analysis the whole

problem and then planned the huge maintenance by using the following network

technique’s

• Critical path method (CPM)

• Program evaluation and review technique (PERT)

Once the schedule is made and according to that schedule the

maintenance team has to work over the concerned section.

Now we discussing the department in which we went with MERS maintenance team one

by one.

HOT STRIP MILL (HSM)

As we know that they HSM is one of the most

important department because it converts the red-

hoted slab into various coils and hence it produce the

coil.

In order to achieve the maximum efficiency the

maintenance of HRM is necessary. The procedure as

we have already discussed the plant technician

observer the defect in the running plant and submit the

report to the official and then official send letter to the

concerned maintenance section and hence the

maintenance team’s then responsible to comes in the

concerned department.

MERS assign’s the in charge of maintenance observe

the nature of the job and hence schedule the manpower

according to their skill about the specific job.

e.g

FURNANCE The furnace used in HSM is one which converts the slab into red hoted form so that the

slabs easily further to roll and hence in last the coil is produce.

The furnace have its own importance and any lacks in furnace may causes to stop the

smooth production therefore in order to achieve maximum productivity in maintenance of

furnace is necessary.

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The maintenance section involves major to remove the defects in furnace like to change

the bricks i-e refractory inside the furnace and it is very to look after the active life of the

refractory.

VERTICAL STAND Vertical stand is one of the most important it is the first which causes to compress 200mm

thick red hoted slab into the 35mm thickness means it provided basis to other stand for the

further reduce in thick, the key feature of the vertical is that with reducing the thickness it

also control the width of the coil.

The importance of vertical is also to the great extent and properly handled it necessary

which requires a lot of effort by department as well as the maintenance section.

The defect’s occur in vertical stand are mostly as follows the rollers used are some times

replaced and some times sanded for the polish the surface of the roller, sometimes defects

occur and hence some guiding provided by welding and some time the punk plates has to

change and many other defects that can occur and hence the maintenance section is

responsible to over all this defects in order to increase the life of the vertical stand and

hence to increase the productivity.

UNIVERSAL STAND

After vertical the sheet is further rolled in universal stand therefore maintenance section is

also to look after the universal stand and replaced the necessary parts if required and hence

to remove the defects that can be occur during processing. The one of the most major

defect is that the roller is to replaced when their life to be end when they are not in a

position for further grinding and many other parts and things are there depends upon the

nature of the defects.

FINISHING STAND

Once the sheet is obtain from the universal stand the next step is to finishing stand to

further reduce the thick ness and 3mm approximately hence the finishing stand has its own

importance hence the maintenance of the finishing is necessary mostly the maintenance

teams work to change the damp working role and also change the taper rolling heating

inside the cup etc there is many other parts that’s has been replaced or may be welded if

required.

In HSM there is various other part which requires maintenance but here we are not

concerned with all that.

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SINTERING

It is also the one of the most important section is uses the

fine form of ore and convert it into the sinter from by

passing through various process and hence this sinter is

used in blast furnace in order to obtain the molted raw

iron.

To avoid complete break down because of the

maintenance in sintering plant machine -1 is allowed to

running and machine -2 is lying down steadly for

maintenance purpose similarly other concerned part to

machine-2 are also lying down for maintenance purpose

where as the machine-1 performing for the continuity

of the work.

On maintenance day the maintenance has come from

various of its section is responsible to perform the

various some of them that we have seen in sintering shop

which are as follows.

BALLING DRUM

It is used to mixed the sinter and also make the fine into the ball form, now these balling

has to be done by removing flaws and replacing various tools and also fastening various

parts, some of the few important consideration in balling are as follows,

Ring belt is checked and replaced if possible

Gear (driven) and pinion (driver) which rotates the drum is also check and make certain

operation in order to improve their workability.

To adjust the alignment up and down, left and right to support the wheel.

CHRGING DRUM

The material come from conveyer is to be charge over the charging drum so its

maintenance is also much necessary, some necessary action which is to be taken are as

follows

• To check the bearing , map

• Electric arc welding is used to insert flaws

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• Scraper is used to clean the cut and check the charge

• Charge gate has to check and to set it.

PILOT CAR

It is also important part for the continuously of sintering process and hence requires

maintenance as few achieve those have been taken

To check slide plate bars wheel, bearing, and proper lubrication.

CRUSHER

When cake is prepared and is totally burned now the cakes is crushed through jaw crusher

and insert it into the conveyer bucket and now the sinter which crushed sent to the B.F.

The maintenance section is responsible to take the following necessary action.

To check all the jaw’s and hence to repair the jaw’s as well.

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INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT DEFINITION:- Industrial engineering can be defined as the “The engineering which

maximizes the profit by reducing the resources by the best utilization of the tools,

equipments and the industrial techniques.”

FUNCTION:- Industrial engineering department encompasses activities, which are concerned

with the organized and effective utilization of the manpower with the aim of increasing

the productivity of the organization.

SALIENT FUNCTIONS OF I.ED:- 1. To analyze the requirement of the temporary manpower demaned on the regular

basis by the different departments and to curtail wherever possible.

2. To prepare the directorate-wise daily attendance of the Pakistan steel mill for a

bird eye view of the competent authority.

3. To collect the monthly manpower returns from all departments of the Pakistan

steel for the various studies of the cases and analytical comparisons of the man

power.

4. To asses’ requirement of the temporary workers demanded for the different

projects/specific works.

5. To monitor and allocation of the hazards allowance.

6. Analysis and recommendation for the various types of the contract manpower

including through heeded trust.

7. Monthly recommendation for the allocation of the department-wise overtime

limits.

8. Time-to time preparation of the analytical comparison of the rationalized, regular,

temporary and other holding manpower on the department /directorate basses

directed.

9. Category-wise revision of the wages of the daily wagers and salaries of the

contract employees, whenever desired.

PRESENT EXERCISE:- IED is conducting an exercise for the requirement of daily wages workers to complete

each project/assignment on the basis of the nature of the job, its inevitability and number

of the persons/duration required for.

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FUTURE PROGRAMME:- Conduction of the exercise to find out the shortcomings in the area where their

deployment is not in accordance to their suitability and induction of the qualified

engineers with respect to required disciplines.

WORKING OF THE I.E.D NOW A DAY:- Now a days it is working on the following things;-

1. Attendance.

2. Hazards allowances.

3. Control on the distribution of the uniforms among the employees.

4. Controlling the man power.

5. Keeping the records of the temporary and daily wages employees.

HAZARDS ALLOWNCES;- There are four categories:-

1. A-ONE(Most hazardous place)

2. A(less than A-one)

3. B(less than A).

4. C(less than B).

There is lot of difference in allowances rates between these categories. These type of

incentives are introduced first time in the Pakistan steel mill in 1984.the committee is

formed whose is responsible for the hazard allowances.

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PREPARED BY

Name: Mohammad Younus

Fathers Name: Mohammad Anwar Qureshi

Surname: Qureshi

Nationality: Pakistani

Date of birth: 24th

November 1988

Place of Birth: Hyderabad

Domicile: Hyderabad Urban

Profession: Student

Degree: Graduation (B.E Industrial

Engineering & Management)

Year of Study: Final year.

Roll No. 08IN70

University: Mehran University of Engineering

and Technology (M.U.E.T) Jamshoro.

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Pak steel intership report

Documents

mohammad younus

expandable

wazir ahmed

hot strip

express spectrographic

cold rolling

cold rolled

steel mill