Pages From Hazard Mitigation P2

8/4/2019 Pages From Hazard Mitigation P2

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OverviewoftheTownofMontreatTheTownofMontreatislocatedintheeasternportionofBuncombeCounty

approximatelytwomilesnorthoftheTownofBlackMountainwithelevationsranging

from3,000feetto5,200feet. Incorporatedin1967,theTownhasapopulationof

approximately730fulltimeresidents. TheTownisbestknownasanationalconference

centerforthePresbyterianChurch(USA),whichismanagedbytheMountainRetreat

Association,andforMontreatCollege. ThepopulationestimatefortheTownhowever

isdeceiving. Whilesmall,theTownaccommodates35,000visitorseachyear,withan

estimated17,000ofthosevisitorsduringjusttenweeksoftheyear.

TownofMontreatTechnicalandFiscalCapabilityTheTownofMontreat,likemostsmalltowns,dealswithhazardsandemergenciesby

utilizingthevariousdepartmentswithinthetownaswellastheBlackMountainFire

DepartmentandtheBuncombeCountyEMS. TheMontreatPoliceDepartmentin

conjunctionwiththeBlackMountainFireDepartmentaretheprimarydepartmentsthat

respondtoemergencies. Thepolicedepartmentconsistsoffivefulltimeofficersand

fourauxiliaryofficers. Thedepartmenthasbothtwoandfourwheeldrivevehiclesand

isdispatchedthroughtheBlackMountainPoliceDepartment.

Intheeventofanemergency,theTownspublicworksdepartmentisavailabletoassist

thepoliceandfiredepartment. Thepublicworksdepartmentconsistsoffiveemployees

andiscapableofutilizingthetownsequipmentincludingtwobackhoesandseveral

trucks. Thedepartmentisavailablefordebrisremoval,streetcleaningand

rescue/evacuationsupport.

Montreatsadministrationpersonnelwouldactaslogisticsandcommunicationsupport.

TheTownsBoardofCommissionersandMayorcanactasliaisonswiththepublicand

otherentitieswithintheTownlimits.

TheTownofMontreatmaintainsafundbalanceofapproximatelyonehundredpercent

(100%)tosustainfinancialhealthandtohavefundsavailableintheeventofan

emergencyornaturaldisaster.

HazardIdentificationandVulnerabilityAnalysisTheTownofMontreatconcurswithBuncombeCountysidentificationofhazardsinour

community.

Duringtheprocessofidentifyinghazards,theTownofMontreatchosetoconsiderthe

intensityofthehazardratherthanthesizeandlocationofthehazard. Thiswasdone

primarilybecauseoftherelativelysmallsizeofMontreat,approximately5,000acresor

6squaremilesascomparedwithBuncombeCounty.


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TheNationalEnvironmentalMappingandAnalysisCenter(NEMAC)/Renaissance

ComputingInstitute(RENCI)attheUniversityofNorthCarolinaAshevilleassistedwith

theidentificationofthefollowinghazardswithintheTownofMontreatsjurisdiction.

Thefollowingtablesummarizesthehazards,thelikelihoodoftheiroccurrence,the

intensityofthehazardanditsimpactonthecommunity. Eachhazardisthenassigneda

HazardIndexRatingbasedonthecombiningthelikelihood,intensityandimpact. The

HazardIndexindicatesthatMontreat'smajorthreatscomefromwinterstorms,

flooding,utilityfailure,erosionandseverethunderstorms.

TownofMontreatHazardIdentificationandAnalysisWorksheetTypeofHazard Likelihoodof

Occurrence IntensityRating(mild,moderate,severe)

Impact HazardIndexRating

WinterStorms HighlyLikely(4) Moderate(2) Critical(3) 9

Flooding HighlyLikely(4) Moderate(2) Limited(2) 8

UtilityFailure Likely(3) Moderate(2) Critical(3) 8

Erosion HighlyLikely(4) Moderate(2) Negligible(1) 7

SevereThunderstorms HighlyLikely(4) Moderate(2) Negligible(1) 7

ExtremeHeat Likely(3) Moderate(2) Negligible(1) 6

Wildfires Likely(3) Moderate(2) Negligible(1) 6

Dam/LeveeFailure Possible(2) Moderate(2) Limited(2) 6

Droughts Possible(2) Moderate(2) Limited(2) 6

Earthquakes Likely(3) Mild(1) Negligible(1) 5

GroundwaterContamination Possible(2) Moderate(2) Negligible(1) 5

Tornados Possible(2) Mild(1) Negligible(1) 4

Noreasters Unlikely(1) Mild(1) Negligible(1) 3

Sinkholes Unlikely(1) Mild(1) Negligible(1) 3

TropicalCyclones Unlikely(1) Mild(1) Negligible(1) 3

Tsunamis Unlikely(1) Mild(1) Negligible(1) 3

Volcanoes Unlikely(1) Mild(1) Negligible(1) 3

Waterspouts Unlikely(1) Mild(1) Negligible(1) 3


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Inadditiontotheinformationfoundinthehazardidentificationandanalysisfor

BuncombeCounty,Montreathascompiledfurtherinformationdirectlyrelatingto

certainhazardsinourcommunity.

WinterStorms InMarchof1993theTownexperiencedamajorwinterstormeventthatwasnicknamedtheStormoftheCentury. Thisstormshutdownthe

townforseveraldaysandresultedinmanyemergencycallsforservice. Minor

winterstormeventsoccuralmosteveryyear.

Flooding Montreathasexperiencedminorfloodingevents. Majorfloodingoccurredin1978andmostrecentlyin2004. FloodinginareasofTownduring

thoseyearsresultedinevacuationsandseveralmissionsforemergencyservices

personnel. TheTownofMontreatdoesnothavethecapacityofperformingan

analysissimilartoBuncombeCountysforparcelslocatedinthefloodplain. In

Januaryof2010,Montreatsspecialfloodhazardareasweremappedforthefirst

timethroughtheNorthCarolinaFloodplainMappingProgram. Usingthese

resources,theTowncannowidentifyparcelsoflandwithinorthatisatleast

partiallyimpactedbythefloodplain. Intheeventofflooding,propertysuchas

householdcontentsandmotorvehiclesorpropertylosspotentialintermsof

damagetolandscapes,crops,equipmentorinventoryhavenotbeenvaluedto

estimateapotentialamountofloss.

Wildfire InAprilof1993,afurnaceseizedandexplodedinsideahouseinMontreat. Theresultingfirespreadtothemountainsideandinitsaftermathleft

threehousescompletelydestroyed,threeothersdamagedandburnedover600

acres. Totalpropertylossexceeded$700,000.

LandslidesTheNorthCarolinaGeologicalSurveystaffhascompletedan

analysisoflandslidehazardsforBuncombeCounty. Thisstudyandrelativemaps

areavailableontheBuncombeCountywebsite. Alistofpotentialandknown

landslidehazardswithinMontreatisincludedonthesemaps.

AspartoftheVulnerabilityAnalysis,criticalfacilitieswereidentifiedandmapped.

Criticalfacilitieswereidentifiedas:daycarecenters,policestations,schools,townwells,

telephoneswitchstations.TheTownnowhasmapsthatidentifythefloodplain

boundaries

as

well

as

areas

in

Town

with

steep

slopes.

The

Town

will

continue

to

work

withBuncombeCountytoupdatefloodplainmaps,pursuefloodhazardmitigation

strategiesaswellastoworkwithlanduseplanningregulationstominimizehazardrisk.

TheTownofMontreatconcurswithBuncombeCountysvulnerabilityanalysis.


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TownofMontreatHazardMitigationStrategyBasedonidentificationofthemostsignificanthazardsfacingMontreat,alongwith

vulnerabilityandcapabilityassessments,thefollowingmitigationstrategiesare

suggested:

MitigationGoal#1IncorporatehazardmitigationintotheMontreatplanningprocess.Thegoalsandprinciplesofhazardmitigationoftencutacrossmanyaspectsofthepublic

interest.Thefirststepistomakeaconsciousefforttointegratehazardmitigationintotheplanningprocess. InordertoeducatetheAdministration,Police,PublicWorksand

PlanningandInspectionsDepartmentsabouttheimportanceofhazardmitigation,a

representativefromoneofthesedepartmentswillserveonacommitteetoreviewthe

completeddraftoftheHazardMitigationPlanpriortoitsadoption. Thiscommitteewill

alsoincludetheCountysDirectorofEmergencyManagementandtheProjectImpact

Coordinator/EmergencyManagementPlanner. Thisgroupofpeoplealsoserveasthe

HazardMitigationPlanEvaluationandRevisionCommitteetobediscussedlaterinthe

sectionUpdatesandRevisions. Additionally,eachjurisdictionwillbeprovidedwith

resourcesdiscussinghazardmitigationconceptssuchastheNorthCarolinaDivisionof

EmergencyManagementsTools&Techniques:PuttingaHazardMitigationPlanto

Work(October,1999)andKeepingNaturalHazardsFromBecomingDisasters:ABasic

WorkbookforLocalGovernments(May,2000). TheProjectImpact

Coordinator/EmergencyManagementPlannerwillberesponsibleforcoordinatingthis

committee. ThiscommitteewasformedandfunctionalpriortoJanuary1,2005. The

TownAdministrator,PoliceChieforPublicWorksDirectorwillserveonthiscommittee.

Objective1.1

IncorporatehazardmitigationintotheMontreatplanningprocess.

1.1.1 AppointarepresentativetotheHazardMitigationPlanEvaluationand

RevisionCommittee. Continuetomeetasneeded.

TheTownAdministratorandPublicWorksDirectorwereappointedas

theMontreatrepresentativestotheHazardMitigationPlanEvaluation

andRevisionCommittee.

Status: Ongoing

TheHazardMitigationPlanEvaluationandRevisionCommitteewill

continuetomeetasneeded.

1.1.2 Reviewresourcesdiscussinghazardmitigationconcepts.


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ResourcesfromtheNorthCarolinaDivisionofEmergencyManagement

andBuncombeCountyweredistributedtodepartmentheadsatacounty

widemeeting. Hazardmitigationconceptswerediscussedand

developedfurtherduringthedevelopmentoftheContinuityof

OperationsDisasterReadinessPlan.

Status: Ongoing

Hazardmitigationconceptswillcontinuetobediscussedduringthe

revisionprocessoftheHazardMitigationPlanandasresourcesare

updatedornewonesaremadeavailablesharedwithdepartmentheads.

MitigationGoal#2Evaluateandstrengthenexistingordinancesasneeded.TheevaluationofpoliciesandordinancesfortheCommunityCapabilitysectionofthis

documentprovidedvaluableinformationonMontreat'spositionintermsofexisting

mitigationplanning. However,localconditionsareconstantlychangingduetoincreased

development,changesintechnology,changesinlocalmitigationcapabilities,ornatural

disasterevents. Itisbecauseoftheseeverchangingconditionsthatevaluationmustbe

anongoingprocess. Therefore,theinitialCommunityCapabilityAssessmentshould

beviewedasastartingpointratherthananendresult. Becausetheseconditionsdonot

changeatregularintervals,itisdifficulttoestablishatimelinedictatinghowoften

ordinancesandpoliciesshouldbereviewed. Thephraseasneededshouldbe

interpretedasanytimethecommunityexperiencesasignificantchangeinconditions

suchasrapiddevelopmentortechnologicalchange. Appropriatetimesforevaluation

alsooccurwhenlocalofficialsnoticetheeffectsofapatternofslower,butsteady,

changesovertime. Finally,thebestwindowofopportunityforpolicyevaluationmay

comefollowinganaturaldisasterevent. Thisiswhenyoucantrulydiscernthepolicies

effectiveness.

Objective2.1

Strengthenexistingordinancesasneeded.

2.1.1 Updatethezoningordinancetoreflectmitigationplanningandsafety

factors. Montreatshallcontinuetheprocessofupdatingitscodeof

ordinances.

TheTownhascompletedmajorrevisionstothezoningandsubdivision

ordinancereflectingmitigationplanningincludingadoptingtheHillside

DevelopmentOrdinance,FloodDamagePreventionOrdinance,

StormwaterManagementOrdinance,MinimumHousingStandardsand

changesreferencingandautomaticallyadoptingrevisionstotheNorth

CarolinaStateBuildingCodes.


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Status: Ongoing

TheTownhasmadegreatstridesinimplementingthisstrategyandwill

continuetoevaluateandstrengthenexistingordinancesasneeded. This

willbeanongoingstrategyforthenextfiveyearHazardMitigation

Planningcycle.

2.1.2 Developamechanismthatwillensurereviewofappropriatepoliciesand

proceduresfollowinganaturaldisasterevent.

TheTownwithcooperationfromBuncombeCountydevelopeda

ContinuityofOperationsDisasterReadinessPlan. Withinthisplansteps

areoutlinedthatfocusonnotonlyrecoverybutaproceduretoensure

thereviewofpoliciesandproceduresfollowinganaturaldisasterevent.

Status: Completed

MitigationGoal#3Ensureenforcementofordinances.Developingsound,strongordinancesisonlythebeginning. Thesepoliciesareonly

effectiveiftheyareconsistentlyenforced. Atrackingsystemhasbeendevelopedwithin

Montreattoensureconsistencyinenforcement. Thesystemincludesdataonthe

numberofplansacceptedandrejectedandthenumberofwarningandcitationsissued.

MontreatdesignateditsBuildingInspector/CodeAdministratortotrackthis

information. TheTownAdministratorreportsthisinformationtotheProjectImpact

Coordinator/EmergencyManagementPlanner(orotherCountydesignee)onasemi

annualbasis. ThisprocesswasestablishedandfunctioningbyJanuary1,2008.

Objective3.1

Ensureconsistencyinzoningandbuildinginspectionsenforcement.

3.1.1 Developachecklistinourzoningandbuildinginspectionsdepartmentto

ensureconsistencyinzoningenforcementandtopreventomissionsin

theevaluationofprojects.

3.1.2

Develop

a

tracking

system

in

the

building

inspections

department

to

recordthenumberofplansacceptedandrejectedandthenumberof

warningandcitationissued.

3.1.3 Reportresultsofinspection/enforcementmeasurestotheProjectImpact

Coordinator/EmergencyManagementPlanneronasemiannualbasis.

3.1.4 ContinuetoenforcetheInternationalBuildingCode.


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Aspartofthepermittingprocess,thePlanningandInspectionsDepartmenthas

developedachecklisttoensureconsistencyinzoningenforcementandto

preventomissionsintheevaluationofprojects. TheBuildingInspector/Code

Administratoralsodevelopedatrackingsystemtorecordthenumberofplans

acceptedandrejectedandthenumberofwarningandcitationsissued. This

informationisreportedmonthlytoMontreatBoardofCommissionersand

annuallytoBuncombeCounty.

StatusProcessdevelopmentandimplementationComplete. Enforcement

Ongoing.

TheTownofMontreatwillcontinuetoensureconsistencyinzoningandbuilding

inspectionsenforcementbyusingthechecklistsandtrackingsystemsinplaceas

wellasenforcingtheTownordinancesandNorthCarolinaStateBuildingCodes.

Thisenforcementisanongoingprocessandwillbeastrategyforthenextfive

yearHazardMitigationPlanningcycle.

MitigationGoal#4Educatethepublicregardinghazardmitigation.Thoughtherearemanymeasuresthatlocalgovernmentscantaketoprotectthehealth

andsafetyoftheircitizens,propertyownersalsohavearesponsibilitytoprotecttheir

homes,families,andbusinesses. Localgovernmentscanassistinthistaskbymaking

hazardmitigationinformationavailabletothepublic. ThePlanningandInspections

Departmentwilleducatecontractors,developersanddesignersoncodechangesand

newdevelopmentissues. TheTownwillalsocontinuewithandexpandthefire

preventionprogramsinthefiredepartmenttoreducefirelosseswithinintheTownand

theEastBuncombeFireDistrict.

BuncombeCountysProjectImpactprogrammaintainsaportionoftheCountysweb

sitethatincludesdetailedinformationonhazardmitigation. ProjectImpacthasalso

suppliedhazardmitigationinformationforairingontheCountysGovernmentAccess

cabletelevisionchannel.

Objective4.1

Educate

the

public

about

hazards

prevalent

to

the

area.

4.1.1 Educatecontractors,developersanddesignersoncodechangesandnew

developmentissues.

4.1.2 Providenewhomebuilderswithinformationonqualityredevelopment

andsafehousingdevelopment. TheinformationisdispersedattheTown

ServicesOffice.


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TheBuildingInspector/CodeAdministratorencouragespreliminarymeetings

withpropertyownersandcontractorstoinformthemofcurrentregulationsand

requirementsbeforedetailedprojectplansaredeveloped. Thisproactive

approachcreatesanawarenessonthecitizenspartofhazardsprevalenttoour

area. TheinformationandbrochuresnowavailableattheTownServicesOffice

detailsnewordinancechangesanddevelopmentissuesaswellasproviding

informationonsafehousingdevelopmentandbestmanagementpractices.

Status: Ongoing

TheeducationofstakeholderswillalwaysbeakeycomponentofHazard

MitigationPlanningandasaresultwillbeanongoingstrategyofthenextfive

yearplanningcycle.

Objective4.2

Publicizedocumentsassociatedwithemergencyresponseandmitigation.

4.2.1 Manuallydisperseandhaveawebsitepostingwhichprovides

informationaboutrelevantemergencyresponseactionsthepubliccan

take.


informationaboutrelevantemergencyresponseandpreparedness

actionsthepubliccantake.


informationaboutBuncombeCountysProjectImpactandtheCountys

HazardMitigationPlanandrelevantmitigationmeasuresthepubliccan

take.

Status: Ongoing

Montreathasupdateditswebsitewithrelevantinformationaboutemergency

response,watershortages,emergencyresponseandpreparedness. Additional

workisneededtomakethisinformationreadilyavailableonasinglepageofthe

Townwebsite.


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Objective4.3

Maintainandpublicizeacurrentactionplanforemergencyresponse.

4.3.1 ContinuetoupdatetheTownofMontreatEmergencyResponse

Ordinanceonanannualbasisincludingrelevantpositionsandcontact

informationchanges.

Status: Ongoing

TheContinuityofOperationsDisasterReadinessPlanforMontreataswellasthe

EmergencyResponseOrdinancewillcontinuetobeupdatedonannualbasisto

reflectchangesinpersonnelandtheircontactinformation.

MitigationGoal#5Addresstheissuesofstormwatermanagementandimpervioussurfaces.Stormwatermanagementprogramscanbeanimportantstepinfloodanderosion

control. Asdevelopmentoccurs,naturalgroundcoverisreplacedwithimpervious

surfacessuchasstreets,parkinglots,andbuildings. Theresultisanincreaseinsurface

runoff,whichcarriespollutantstobodiesofwater. Whenastormeventoccurs,heavy

concentrationsofpollutantsmayresultalongwithfloodingofstreetsandwaterways.

Stormwaterissurfaceflowwaterfromprecipitationthataccumulatesinandflows

throughnaturaland/ormanmadestorageandconveyancesystemsduringand

immediatelyfollowingastormevent. Asstormwatertravels,itcarriespollutantsto

rivers,lakes,wetlands,andgroundwaters,impactingwaterquality. Poormanagement

ofstormwatercanleadtoimpairedwaterbodies,degradedanimalhabitats,polluted

drinkingwater,increasedflooding,andhydrologicchangestostreams,lakes,wetlands

andrivers. (InformationderivedfromDesigningandImplementinganEffectiveStorm

WaterManagementProgram,AmericanPublicWorksAssociation,underU.S.

EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyagreement,1998).

ThroughtheCleanWaterActof1972,increasedaccountabilityforprotectingwater

qualitywasplacedonpollutantdischargers. TheActrequiredstatestosurveytheir

watersanddetermineanappropriateuseforeach,andthensetspecificwaterquality

criteriaforvariouspollutantstoprotectthoseuses. TheCleanWaterActalso

introducedtheNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES). TheNPDES

program

requires

anyone

discharging

a

pollutant

from

a

point

source

into

waters

to

obtainaNPDESpermit.

TheCleanWaterActfocuswasonindustrialandmunicipalwastewater,orpointsource

pollution. Stormwaterrunoffisnonpointsourcepollution. Newregulationsfromthe

EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyincludeaddingstormwaterdischargesunderthe

NPDESprogram. TheseregulationsarereferredtoastheEPAsPhaseIIRegulations.

ThesenewrequirementsarethesecondphaseofanEPAmandatetocontrol


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stormwater. ThefirstphaseaffectedlargercitiesinNorthCarolina. Thesecondphase

requiressmallermunicipalities,includingallsixwithinBuncombeCounty(Asheville,

BiltmoreForest,BlackMountain,Montreat,Weaverville,andWoodfin),toimplement

stormwatermanagementplans.

TheEPAPhaseIIRegulationswereannouncedinDecember1999andrequiredstatesto

implementstormwatermanagementmethodsbyMarch2003. NorthCarolinas

DepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResources(DENR)ischargedwith

implementingthefederalrequirementsinthestate. TheDivisionofWaterQualityin

DENRisleadingtheeffort.

TheTownofMontreatsubmittedaproposedNPDESPhaseIIpermitapplicationtoDENR

inMarchof2003andwasissuedapermitin2005.

Stormwatermanagementbestpracticeshasbeenidentified,andastormwater

managementprogramdeveloped. LandofSkyRegionalCouncilhasestablisheda

RegionalStormwaterPlanningCommitteeincludingrepresentativesfromBuncombe

CountyErosionControl,EmergencyManagement,andPlanningDepartmentsaswellas

representativesfromallmunicipaljurisdictionswithinthecounty. Thiscommitteealso

includespersonnelfromneighboringcountieswithintheFrenchBroadRiverwatershed.

Theoutcomeofthisplanningprocesshasbeenaregionalstormwatermanagementplan

fortheFrenchBroadRiverwatershed.

Objective5.1

In2005,theTownadoptedaStormwaterManagementPlanthatestablishedBest

ManagementPracticesandMeasurableGoalsforeachofthesixrequiredcomponents

fortheMontreatStormwaterPlan.

ImplementationMeasures

5.1 Continuetoimplementbestmanagementpracticesandmeasurablegoalsfor

thePublicEducationandOutreachcomponentoftheplan.

5.1.1 Prepareapubliceducationprogram.

5.1.2 Developandmaintainawebsitethatwillofferinformationonwater

quality,stormwater,stormwaterprojectsandactivitiesandwaysto

contactstormwaterprogramstaff.

5.1.3

Develop

general

stormwater

educational

material

targeting

school

children,homeownersandbusiness.

5.1.4 Distributewrittenmaterialthroughutilitymailoutsandatspecialevents.

Status: Completedimplementationmeasures5.1.1through5.1.4.

TheTownwillcontinuetoimplementthebestmanagementpracticesassociated

withthePublicEducationandOutreachcomponentoftheStormwater


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ManagementPlan. ThisworkwillcontinuetobecoordinatedwithLandofSky

RegionalCouncilandupdatedeveryfiveyearsthroughtheNPDESpermitting

process.


thePublicInvolvementandEducationcomponentoftheplan.

5.2.1 Conductatleastonepublicmeetingduringtheapplicationprocessto

explainthePhaseIIprogram. Allowthepublicanopportunitytoreview

andcommentonthestormwatermanagementprogram.

Status: Completed


withthePublicInvolvementandEducationcomponentoftheStormwater

ManagementPlan. ThisworkwillcontinuetobecoordinatedwithLandofSky

RegionalCouncilandupdatedeveryfiveyearsthroughtheNPDESpermitting

process.


theIllicitDischargeDetectionandEliminationcomponentoftheplan.

5.3.1 Develop,implementandenforceanIllicitDischargeOrdinance

5.3.2 Createastormsewersystemmapthatidentifiesandlocatesstormwater

drainagecomponentsthatincludeoutfallsandreceivingstreams.

5.3.3 Establishasystemforinspectingillicitdischarges,whichshallinclude

employeecrosstrainingfortownstaffondetectingandreportingillicit

discharges.

5.3.4 Establishareportingmechanismforthepublictoreportillicitdischarges.

Status: Completed


withtheIllicitDischargeDetectionandEliminationcomponentofthe

StormwaterManagementPlan. Thisworkwillbeupdatedeveryfiveyears

throughtheNPDESpermittingprocess.


theConstructionSiteStormwaterRunoffControlcomponentoftheplan.

5.4.1 RelyonBuncombeCountysErosionandSedimentControlProgramto

meetthisrequirement.

5.4.2 Provideareportingmechanismforthepublictonotifytheappropriate

authoritiesofobservederosionandsedimentationproblems.


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Status: Completed


withtheConstructionSiteStormwaterRunoffControlcomponentofthe

StormwaterManagementPlan. Thisworkwillbeupdatedeveryfiveyears

throughtheNPDESpermittingprocess.


thePostConstructionStormwaterManagementinNewDevelopmentand

Redevelopmentcomponentoftheplan.

5.5.1 Developanordinancetoimplementandenforcepostconstructionrunoff

controlsfornewdevelopmentandredevelopment.

5.5.2 Developeducationalmaterialsforlocaldevelopersexplainingthelocal

postconstructionapprovalprocess.

5.5.3 DeveloppostconstructionrunoffcontrolmeasuresforprotectingTrout

Watersinaccordancewith15ANCAC.0126

Status: Completed


withthePostConstructionStormwaterManagementinNewDevelopmentand

RedevelopmentcomponentoftheStormwaterManagementPlan. Thisworkwill

beupdatedeveryfiveyearsthroughtheNPDESpermittingprocess.


thePollutionPreventionandGoodHousekeepingforMunicipalOperations

componentoftheplan.

5.6.1 Inspectallfacilitiesandoperationswiththepotentialforgenerating

pollutedstormwaterrunoff. Documentdeficienciesandcorrective

actions.

5.6.2 Conducttrainingonpollutionpreventionandgoodhousekeeping

procedures.

5.6.3 Conductannualreviewandupdateplansforpermittedfacilitiesas

needed.

Status: Completed


withthePollutionPreventionandGoodHousekeepingforMunicipalOperations

componentoftheStormwaterManagementPlan. Thisworkwillbeupdated

everyfiveyearsthroughtheNPDESpermittingprocess.


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In2010,theTownappliedforanMS4permittoaddressthenextfiveyearcyclein

compliancewiththeEPAsNPDESprogramrequirements. RecentchangesinEPA

regulationsforNPDESpermitholdershaveresultedincontinuedeffortstokeepwith

stricterwaterqualitymeasures,manyofwhichmanynotberelevantfortheprotected

watershedareaofMontreat. TheTowniscurrentlypreparingcommentsinresponseto

thedraftpermitprovidedbyNCDENR.

MitigationGoal#6OnceHazardMitigationPlanisadopted,investigateparticipationintheNationalFloodInsuranceProgramsCommunityRatingsSystem.TheNationalFloodInsurancePrograms(NFIP)CommunityRatingSystem(CRS)was

implementedin1990asaprogramforrecognizingandencouragingcommunityflood

plainmanagementactivitiesthatexceedtheminimumNFIPstandards. UndertheCRS,

floodinsurancepremiumratesareadjustedtoreflectthereducedfloodriskresulting

fromcommunityactivitiesthatmeetthethreegoalsoftheCRS:(1)reducefloodlosses;

(2)facilitateaccurateinsurancerating;and(3)promotetheawarenessofflood

insurance(www.fema.gov/nfip/crs.htm). TheCRSrequirementsarerevisedeverythree

years. ThenewcriteriamayincludegivingCRScreditformultihazardmitigation

planning. ThisactivitywillbecoordinatedthroughtheCountysProjectImpact

Coordinator/EmergencyManagementPlannerandtheFloodplainManagement

AdministratorfortheTownofMontreat.

Objective6.1

InvestigateparticipationintheNationalFloodInsuranceProgramsCommunityRatings

System.

6.1.1 CoordinatethisactivitythroughtheCountysProjectImpact

Coordinator/EmergencyManagementPlannerandtheFloodplain

ManagementAdministratorfortheTown.

Status: Ongoing

TheTownhasinvestigatedparticipationintheCRS,butatthistimethe

additionalstaffresourcesneededtoestablishandmaintainparticipationinthe

system

is

not

justified

based

upon

the

limited

development

in

the

Special

Flood

HazardAreasinMontreat. TheTownwillcontinuetokeepthisMitigationGoal

aspartofthenextfiveyearplanningcycleincasedevelopmentconditions

change.


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MitigationGoal#7Continuetocarryoutthehazardmitigationplanningprocessandseekfundingforemergingneeds.Theidentificationanddevelopmentofthesemitigationstrategiesshouldnotbeviewed

asaconclusionbutasonestepinacyclicalprocess. ThisHazardMitigationPlanisa

documentthatwillcontinuetoevolveaschangesoccurinMontreat. Proceduresforthe

monitoring,evaluation,update,andrevisionofthisplanaresetforthinthefinaltwo

sectionsofthisdocument. Inadditiontothestepsenumeratedtherein,the

continuationofthehazardmitigationplanningprocessalsoincludesseekingoutfunding

sourcesforemergingneeds.Fundingforupdatingstafftrainingandcertification,aswell

asequipment,isalsoaperpetualneedinourcurrentworldofrapidlychanging

technology. Futureareasofneedcouldalsoincludeadditionalfundsforthepurchaseof

repetitivelossstructuresand/orotherstructureswithinthefloodplain,fundingfor

elevationstudiesofZoneAfloodplainproperties,andthepurchaseofhandheldGPS

unitstoaidintheenforcementoftheErosionControlandFloodDamagePrevention

Ordinances. ResponsibilityforthiselementfallstostaffoftheEmergencyManagement

andPlanningDepartmentsasneedsemerge.Objective7.1

ImplementaGPSSetupfortheTown.

7.1.1 PurchaseacompleteGPSsetupandprovidetrainingonsaidsetuptoall

pertinenttownpersonnel. Itisestimatedthatthiswillcost

approximately$9,000andcanbepaidforthroughgrantsandgeneral

fundrevenue.

Status: Ongoing

Duetobudgetconstraintsandlimitedtrainingopportunitiesforstaff,this

objectivewillcontinueintothenextfiveyearHazardMitigationPlanningcycle.

Objective7.2

Recordallstructureswithinthefloodplain,aswellas,areasofrepetitivelossesdueto

flooding.

7.2.1 MaintainalltaxparcelinformationandfloodplainlocationsinaGIS

system

in

order

to

build

the

Towns

capability

to

identify

areas

needing

futuremitigation.

Status: Completed

WithassistancefromBuncombeCountyandthenewmappingfromtheStateof

NorthCarolinafollowingthefloodingof2004,Montreatwasabletorecordall

structureslocatedwithinthefloodplain. TheTownwillcontinuetomaintainthis


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informationaswellasalistofrepetitivelossesduetofloodinginorderto

identifyareasthatmayrequirefuturemitigation.

Objective7.3

ImprovetheTownscapabilitytoidentifyareasneedingfuturemitigation.

7.3.1 Developadatabasethatidentifieseachpropertythathasreceived

damageduetohazardsidentifiedwithinthismitigationplan. The

databaseshouldalsoincludeataxidentificationnumberoftheproperty,

adescriptionofthepropertydamage,thevalueofthedamage,andlinks

tophotographsofthedamage. Developingthisdatabasewillallowthe

Towntoeasilyidentifypropertiesathighriskofdamagefromcertain

hazardsaswellasproperties,whichreceiverepetitivedamagefrom

multiplehazards.

Status: Ongoing

ThisobjectivewillcontinueintotheupcomingfiveyearHazardMitigation

Planningcycle.

AdoptionandImplementationTheHazardMitigationPlanReviewCommittee,asdescribedinHazardMitigation

Strategy1,willreviewacompleteddraftoftheplanandrecommendanyneeded

revisions. ThedraftoftheBuncombeCountyHazardMitigationPlanwillthenbe

submittedtotheNorthCarolinaDivisionofEmergencyManagementMitigationBranch

forapproval. IfNCDEMmandateschangestheReviewCommitteewillmeetinorderto

implementNCDEMrecommendations. OnceNCDEMhasapprovedadraftoftheplan

eachjurisdictionwillbeaskedtoadopttheplanaccordingtotheirstandardprocedures.

Suchproceduresincludeprovidingnoticeofapublichearinginthelocalnewspaper,

havingthedocumentavailableforreviewbythepublic,holdingthepublichearing,and

adoptingtheplanatthegoverningbodysnextmeetingfollowingthepublichearing.


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MonitoringandEvaluationMonitoringandevaluationaretheongoingprocessesofcompilinginformationonthe

outcomesresultingfromimplementationofthehazardmitigationplan. Thisfacilitates

theidentificationofrevisionsneededtorespondtochangesinregionalandlocal

conditions. Localconditionsareconstantlychanging. Localmitigationplansmustalso

changeinresponsetochangesbroughtaboutthroughincreaseddevelopment,changes

intechnology,andchangesinlocalmitigationcapability. Thereisalsoavaluable

windowofopportunityforevaluatingtheHazardMitigationPlanfollowinganatural

disasterevent. Effectivemonitoringandevaluationwillalsoprovideinformationon

localcompliancewithstateandfederalmandates(NCDEM:LocalHazardMitigation

PlanningManual,November1998).

UpdatesandRevisionsDuetounforeseencontingenciesandchangingtimesandconditions,Updateand

Revisionisanecessarypartofthehazardmitigationplanningprocess. Updates

addresschangesthathavetakenplaceinthelocalareasincetheplanwascreatedand

adopted. Suchchangesmayincludeadditionaldevelopment,implementationof

mitigationefforts,theoccurrenceofanaturaldisaster,orchangestostateoffederal

regulationsandrequirements(NCDEM:LocalHazardMitigationPlanningManual,

November1998).

WhileMonitoringandEvaluationareongoingprocesses,UpdateandRevisionwill

occuratregularlyscheduledintervals,atleasteveryfiveyears,andaspartofa

debriefingfollowingtheoccurrenceofadisasterevent. AHazardMitigationPlan

EvaluationandRevisionCommitteewillbeestablishedattheCountyleveltoincludethe

CountyDirectorofEmergencyManagement,theProjectImpactCoordinator/Emergency

ManagementPlanner,andarepresentativefromtheAdministration,PublicWorks,

PoliceorPlanningandInspectionDepartmentsfromeachincorporatedjurisdiction.

ThiscommitteewillreviewandupdatetheHazardMitigationPlanaminimumofonce

everyfiveyearsormoreoftenifchangingconditionssodictate.


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TownofWeavervilleMissionStatement

Weavervillewillmaintainitssmalltownandneighborlyatmospherewhileactively

managingthegrowththatisinevitablenearalargercity. WewillmaintainWeaverville

asadistinctiveTownwithavitalMainStreetasitsfocus. OurTownwillbeattractiveto

bothyoungandoldwithawiderangeofhousingchoicesatavarietyofprices.

Neighborhoodsandbusinessareasarekeybuildingblocksofourcommunity. Wewill

reserveareasforbothtypesofuseswhilebufferingeachfromtheother. Weseekan

attractiveTownthatiswelllandscapedandaccessibletopedestriansandcyclists. We

willcreateafavorableatmospherefortherighttypeofbusinessandindustry,those

thatarecleanandprovideagoodlivingforourresidents. Theservicesexpectedfrom

theTownaresidewalks,parks,greenspaces,financiallyresponsibleservices,andwell

runutilitiesandemergencyservices. Todevelopthisvisionweintendtoactivelyuse

zoning,subdivisionregulations,extraterritorialplanningauthorityandannexation.

TownofWeavervilleTechnical&FiscalCapabilityTheTownofWeavervillecoordinatesallresourceneedsthruBuncombeCounty

EmergencyManagementthatmayberequiredduringadisaster. Emergency

Managementalsomaintainsemergencyplansforvariouscountydepartments. Damage

assessmentisalsocoordinatedthroughthecountyemergencymanagementoffice.The

TownofWeavervillegenerallyconductsdamageassessmentviatheirinspectionorfire

departments. Afteraseriousemergencyordisasteroperation,theTownforwardsall

damagereportsBuncombeCountyEmergencyManagement,whointurnforwards

themtostateorfederalgovernmentsfortheirconsideration.

BuncombeCountyEmergencyManagementalsocoordinatessuchthingsasshelter

openings,emergencyfeedingofvictimsafteradisasterandevacuationofvictimsduring

anemergencyordisaster. TheCountymaintainssomedisastersuppliesbutgenerally

reliesontheAsheville/MountainAreaRedCrossasthedesignatedemergencyshelter

operatorforBuncombeCounty. BuncombeCountyEmergencyManagementalso

maintainsthecountyEmergencyOperationsPlan(EOP),theBuncombeCounty

ResourceManual,andotherplansasneeded. TheEOPasanexamplesetsforth

functionalresponsibilitieswithinthevariousdepartmentstoensurepromptemergency

response

and

delivery

of

necessary

services.

The

decision

to

activate

the

EOP

rests

with

theCountyEmergencyManagementDirectorordesignee. TheEOPisgenerallyupdated

every2years. TheResourceManualcontainsaninventoryofallCounty andmunicipal

ownedemergencyequipment,equipmentownedbyotheragenciesthatcanbeutilized

intheeventofadisaster,aswellaslistingsofareavendorsandbusinesseswhere

suppliesandequipmentcanbeobtained.


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TheTownofWeavervilleisservedbytheTownofWeavervilleFireDepartmentisa

combinationdepartmentstaffedwithbothpaidandvolunteerpersonnel.The

DepartmentisstaffedattheEMTDefibrillationlevel.TheFireDepartmentalsocoversa

ruralfiredistrictencompassingtheTown.

ThefollowingtableliststheutilitycompaniesthatprovideserviceswithintheTown.

Utility Companies Serving the Town of Weaverville

Utility Service Utility CompanyElectricity Progress EnergyTelephone FrontierWater Weaverville Water DepartmentSewer Metropolitan Sewerage District

(MSD)Natural Gas

Public Service Company of NorthCarolina

ProgressEnergyistheproviderofelectricalserviceinWeaverville. Frontieristhe

primarytelephoneserviceproviderinBuncombeCounty.TheWeavervilleWater

DepartmentprovideswatertotheTownofWeaverville.. Inadditiontothemunicipal

waterservice,afewresidentsofWeavervilleareservedbyprivatewellsandsprings.

TheMetropolitanSewerageDistrict(MSD)istheproviderofsewerservicein

Weaverville.InadditionsomeresidentsofWeavervillehavesepticsystemsasopposed

tomunicipalsewerservice.

AlloftheutilitycompaniesservingWeavervillewerecontactedbyBuncombeCountyto

determineiftheyhaveemergencyanddisasterresponseprotocolsinplace. Allutility

companieshavesuchpoliciesandproceduresinplace.

TheTownofWeavervillehasallocatedsignificantresourcestoemergencymanagement

intermsofequipment,personnelandtraining. Theutilitycompaniesservingourarea

haveallocatedresources(i.e.stafftime)todevelopemergencyanddisasterresponse

protocols. TheTownofWeavervilleandBuncombeCountyhasalsodemonstratedits

abilitytoleverageadditionalfunds. Examplesofsuchfundinginclude:FEMAsHazard

MitigationGrantProgramwhichfundedtheacquisitionanddemolitionofstructures

located

in

the

floodplain;

North

Carolina

Department

of

Health

and

Natural

Services

Stormwaterfunding.


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TownofWeavervilleHazardMitigationStrategyMitigationstrategiesshouldbedevelopedonacasebycasebasisforeachlocalityto

reflectlocalconditions,needs,anddesires. Duringourhazardmitigationplanning

processawidevarietyofmitigationstrategieswereexamined. TheNorthCarolina

DivisionofEmergencyManagementsToolsandTechniques:PuttingaHazardMitigationPlantoWork,alongwithsamplemitigationstrategiesfromotherjurisdictions,providedthebasisforthisanalysis. Basedonidentificationofthemost

significanthazardsfacingtheTownofWeaverville,alongwithvulnerabilityand

capabilityassessments,thefollowingmitigationstrategiesaresuggested:

Note: WeavervillesTownManagerisresponsiblefortheimplementationofthe

mitigationstrategiessetforthbelow.

1. Incorporatehazardmitigationintotheplanningprocessofeachjurisdiction.Aspreviouslystated,thegoalsandprinciplesofhazardmitigationoftencutacrossmany

aspectsofthepublicinterest. Becauseofthis,manyofthepoliciesandprocedures

reviewedduringtheCommunityCapabilityAssessmentwerealreadypositivesteps

towardhazardmitigation. Thenextstepistomakeaconsciousefforttointegratehazardmitigationintotheplanningprocessofeachjurisdiction. Inordertoeducatethe

AdministrationandPlanningDepartmentsofeachjurisdictionabouttheimportanceof

hazardmitigation,arepresentativefromoneofthosetwodepartmentsfromeach

jurisdictionwillserveonacommitteetoreviewthecompleteddraftoftheHazard

MitigationPlanpriortoitsadoption. ThiscommitteewillalsoincludetheCountys

DirectorofEmergencyManagementandtheEmergencyManagementPlanner. This

groupofpeoplewillthenevolveintotheHazardMitigationPlanEvaluationandRevision

CommitteetobediscussedlaterinthesectionUpdatesandRevisions. Additionally,

eachjurisdictionwillbeprovidedwithresourcesdiscussinghazardmitigationconcepts

suchastheNorthCarolinaDivisionofEmergencyManagementsTools&Techniques:

PuttingaHazardMitigationPlantoWork(October,1999)andKeepingNaturalHazards

FromBecomingDisasters:ABasicWorkbookforLocalGovernments(May,2000). The

EmergencyManagementPlannerwillberesponsibleforcoordinatingthiscommittee.

ThecommitteewillbeformedandfunctionalpriortoJanuary1,2005.

Status Ongoing

UponreceiptofFEMAapproval,theTownindependentlyadoptedtheBuncombe

CountyHazardMitigationPlan.TheTownupdatesstrategyofincorporatinghazard

mitigationintoitsplanningprocessesasevidencedinupdatestotheHazardMitigation

Strategy.


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Whilewehavemadestridesinimplementingthisstrategy,theTownwillcontinueto

integratehazardmitigationintoitsplanningprocesses.Thiswillbeanongoingstrategy

forthenextfiveyearHazardMitigationPlanningCycle.

2. Evaluateandstrengthenexistingordinancesasneeded.TheevaluationofpoliciesandordinancesfortheCommunityCapabilitysectionofthis

documentprovidedvaluableinformationonBuncombeCountysanditsincorporated

jurisdictionspositionintermsofexistingmitigationplanning. However,localconditions

areconstantlychangingduetoincreaseddevelopment,changesintechnology,changes

inlocalmitigationcapabilities,ornaturaldisasterevents. Itisbecauseoftheseever

changingconditionsthatevaluationmustbeanongoingprocess. Therefore,theinitial

CommunityCapabilityAssessmentshouldbeviewedasastartingpointratherthanan

endresult. Becausetheseconditionsdonotchangeatregularintervals,itisdifficultto

establishatimelinedictatinghowoftenordinancesandpoliciesshouldbereviewed.

Thephraseasneededshouldbeinterpretedasanytimethecommunityexperiences

asignificantchangeinconditionssuchasrapiddevelopmentortechnologicalchange.

Appropriatetimesforevaluationalsooccurwhenlocalofficialsnoticetheeffectsofa

patternofslower,butsteady,changesovertime. Finally,thebestwindowof

opportunityforpolicyevaluationmaycomefollowinganaturaldisasterevent. Thisis

whenyoucantrulydiscernthepolicieseffectiveness.

StatusOngoing

Since2005,theTownhasadoptedanumberofnewordinances. Theseincludeadopting

theBuncombeCountysteepslopedevelopmentordinanceandthegradingordinance.

TheSteepSlopeDevelopmentOrdinancewasadoptedtoinsurethatdevelopmentonly

occursonsteepslopeshappensonlyaftercarefulstudyandanyhazardsaremitigated.

Thegradingordinancewasdesignedtopreventunapprovedgradingandtheresulting

stormwaterrunoff. BothoftheseordinanceswereadoptedbytheTownCouncilin

2010.

Whilewehavemadestridesinimplementingthisstrategy,theTownwillcontinueto

integratehazardmitigationintoitsplanningprocesses.Thiswillbeanongoingstrategy

forthenextfiveyearHazardMitigationPlanningCycle.

3. Ensureenforcementofordinances.Developingsound,strongordinancesisonlythebeginning. Thesepoliciesareonly

effectiveiftheyareconsistentlyenforced. Atrackingsystemshouldbedeveloped to

ensureconsistencyinenforcement. Suchasystemshouldincludedataonthenumber

ofplansacceptedandrejectedandthenumberofwarningandcitationsissued.

WeavervilledesignatestheWeavervilleZoningAdministratortoberesponsiblefor


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enforcingordinances. AlldesigneesshouldreportthisinformationtotheEmergency

ManagementPlanner(orotherCountydesignee)onayearlybasis. Thisprocesshas

beenestablishedandisfunctioning.

Status Ongoing

Againwehavemadesignificantstridesinimplementingthisstrategy.Ensuring

enforcementofordinancesisanongoingprocess.Thestrategyistobeongoingforthe

nextfiveyearHazardMitigationPlanningCycle.

4. EducatethepublicregardinghazardmitigationThoughtherearemanymeasuresthatlocalgovernmentscantaketoprotectthehealth



hazardmitigationinformationavailabletothepublic. TheTownManagerwillbe

responsibleforeducatingthepublicthroughnewsletters,specialalertsandothermeans

asnecessary. Inaddition,theOrdinances,enforcedbytheTownofWeavervillewillbe

placedontheTownswebsite.

StatusOngoing

WefindthatPublicEducationisacontinualprocessanditisnotpossibletodesigna

singlepubliceducationcampaignoveraspecifiedperiodandconsiderthisstrategy

completed.ThepopulationofBiltmoreForestiseverchanging.Aspeoplemoveinand

out,residentsage,businessescloseandnewonesopen,theneedsandcompositionof

communitieschange.Thustherewillbeanongoingstrategyforthenextfiveyear

HazardMitigationPlanningCycle.

5. Addresstheissuesofstormwatermanagementandimpervioussurfaces.Stormwatermanagementprogramscanbeanimportantstepinfloodanderosion



runoffwhichcarriespollutantstobodiesofwater. Whenastormeventoccurs,heavy

concentrations

of

pollutants

may

result

along

with

flooding

of

streets

and

waterways.


throughnaturaland/ormanmadestorageandconveyancesystemsduringand







22/119

121








programrequiresanyonedischargingapollutantfromapointsourceintowatersto

obtainaNPDESpermit.




NPDESprogram. TheseregulationsarereferredtoastheEPAs PhaseIIRegulations.

ThesenewrequirementsarethesecondphaseofanEPAmandatetocontrol

stormwater. ThefirstphaseaffectedlargercitiesinNorthCarolina. Thesecondphase



stormwatermanagementplans. Italsorequiressomecounties,includingBuncombe,to

facecertainrequirements,aswell.

TheEPAPhaseIIRegulationswereannouncedinDecember1999andrequirestatesto




DENRisleadingtheeffort. Thereisstillsomequestionastowhetherornotcounties,

sincetheytypicallydonotownoroperatethemunicipalstormsewersystems,aregoing

tobechargedwithcarryingoutthesixrequiredcomponentsofthePhaseIIregulations.

Thesixrequiredcomponentsare:

Publicinvolvement/participation

Publiceducationandawarenessprograms

Detectionandeliminationofillicitconnectionstothemunicipalseparatestormsewer

systems(MS4s)

Management

of

post

construction

storm

water

runoff

Constructionsitestormwaterrunoffcontrols

Pollutionprevention/goodhousekeepingformunicipaloperations(publicfacilities)

StatusAdoptionofordinanceanddevelopmentofSotrmwaterManagementProgram

Complete. RefiningStormwaterManagementProgramandenforcementof

regualtionsOngoing.


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Inthecomingyears,theTownofWeavervillewillcontinuetoevaluateandrefineits

StormwaterManagementProgramandissuesofStormwaterManagementand

impervioussurfaceswillbeanongoingstrategyforthenextfiveyearHazardMitigation

PlanningCycle.

6. Continuetocarryoutthehazardmitigationplanningprocessandseekfundingforemergingneeds.Theidentificationanddevelopmentofthesemitigationstrategiesshouldnotbeviewed


documentthatwillcontinuetoevolveaschangesoccurinBuncombeCounty.

Proceduresforthemonitoring,evaluation,update,andrevisionofthisplanaresetforth

inthefinaltwosectionsofthisdocument. Inadditiontothestepsenumeratedtherein,

thecontinuationofthehazardmitigationplanningprocessalsoincludesseekingout

fundingsourcesforemergingneeds.

StatusOngoing

ThisisanotherongoingstrategyfortheupcomingfiveyearHazardMitigationPlanning

Cycle.Fundingneedsaretobenotedastheyemerge.



revisions. ThedraftoftheTownofWeavervilleHazardMitigationPlanwillthenbe









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mitigationefforts,theoccurrenceofanaturaldisaster,orchangestostateoffederal


November1998).

WhileMonitoringandEvaluationareongoingprocesses,UpdateandRevision

shouldoccuratregularlyscheduledintervals,atleasteveryfiveyears,andaspartofa


EvaluationandRevisionCommitteeshouldbeestablishedtoincludetheCounty

DirectorofEmergencyManagement,theEmergencyManagementPlanner,anda

representativefromeithertheAdministrationorPlanningDepartmentfromtheCounty

andeachincorporatedjurisdiction. ThiscommitteewillreviewandupdatetheHazard

MitigationPlanaminimumofonetimeperyearormoreoftenifchangingconditionsso

dictate.


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TownofWoodfinOverviewTheTownofWoodfinwasincorporatedin1971andisBuncombeCountysthirdlargest

municipality.WoodfinisgovernedbyaMayorandasixmemberBoardofAldermen,

electedthroughstaggerednonpartisanelections.ThestateofNorthCarolinaestimates

Woodfinscurrentpopulationat6020(asof2009)persons. CurrentandFutureLand

UseMapsfortheTownofWoodfinarelocatedonthenexttwopages.

TownofWoodfinHazardIdentificationandAnalysisTheTownofWoodfinconcurswiththeBuncombeCountysHazardIdentificationand

Analysis. Therearenodifferencesinhazardseitherintype,likelihoodorintensity. A

FloodHazardMapfortheTownofWoodfinislocatedonthepagefollowingtheland

usemaps.

Townof

Woodfin

Technical

and

Fiscal

Capability

TheTownofWoodfin,likemanysmalltownsdealswithhazardsandemergenciesby

utilizingcooperationandflexibility. ThePoliceDepartmentistheprimaryTown

departmentinvolvedinrespondingtoemergencies. The14memberforcewould

coordinateallresourceneedsthroughtheBuncombeCountyEmergencyManagement

office. Thedepartmenthastwoandfourwheeldrivevehiclesandmodern

communicationsequipment. Theofficersaretrainedinrescue,standardfirstaidand

civilcontrol.

ThePoliceDepartmenthasanongoingrelationshipwithourlocalvolunteerFire

departments,theWoodfinVolunteerFireDepartmentandtheWestBuncombeFire

Department. Thoughlackingaformaldisasterplan,theyoftenrespondtogetheron

calls.

Intheeventofanemergency,theTownspublicworksdepartmentisavailabletoassist

withhazardanddisasterwork. The9memberdepartmentiscapableofoperatinga

varietyofheavyequipment,including,tractorsandbackhoe. Thedepartmentwouldbe

availablefordebrisremoval,streetclearingandrescuesupport.

Woodfins4personadministrativedepartmentcanactasalogisticaland

communications

link.

The

department

can

assist

with

coordination,

can

serve

as

a

communicationslinkwiththepublic,andcancontributetheuseoftheTownsGIS

system. TheTownsadministrativeemployeesandourBoardofAldermencanactas

liaisonswithlocalcivicandreligiousgroups.


26/119


27/119

126

WoodfinHazardMitigationStrategyMitigationstrategiesshouldbedevelopedonacasebycasebasisforeachlocalityto

reflectlocalconditions,needs,anddesires. Basedonidentificationofthemost

significanthazardsfacingtheTownofWoodfin,alongwithvulnerabilityandcapability

assessments,thefollowingmitigationstrategiesaresuggested:

1. Incorporatehazardmitigationintotheplanningprocess.ThetownofWoodfinmakesadeliberateefforttoincorporatehazardmitigationinto

ourplanningprocess. TheTownsBoardofAldermenandPlanningBoardareawareof

theimportanceofthisprocess. Future,revisionstotheZoningOrdinance,HousingCode

andareadevelopmentplanshavetakenintoaccounttheprinciplesofHazard

Mitigation.

AsstatedintheCountysplan,arepresentativefromWoodfinsAdministrative

DepartmentservedonacommitteetoreviewthecompleteddraftoftheCountyHazard

MitigationPlanpriortoitsadoption. ThiscommitteealsoincludedtheCountys

DirectorofEmergencyManagementandtheEmergencyManagementPlanner. This

groupofpeoplewillthenevolveintotheHazardMitigationPlanEvaluationandRevision

Committee. ThisgroupwasformedandfunctioningbyJanuary1,2005. Additionally,

Woodfinacquiredandutilizedresourcesdiscussinghazardmitigationconceptssuchas

theNorthCarolinaDivisionofEmergencyManagementsTools&Techniques:Puttinga

HazardMitigationPlantoWork(October,1999)andKeepingNaturalHazardsFrom

BecomingDisasters:ABasicWorkbookforLocalGovernments(May,2000).

WoodfinsTownAdministratorandtheBoardofAldermenhavebeenresponsiblefor

implementingthisstrategy. ProgressisevaluatedbytheBoardofAldermenonan

ongoingbasis.PresentlytheBoardofAldermenareintheprocessofreviewinga

RiverfrontRedevelopmentPlanthatincorporatesstrategiestoimproveeconomic,

recreational,andresidentialopportunitiesalongWoodfinsmostfloodproneareasina

mannerthatisbaseduponanunderstandingoffloodandstormwaterrunoffissues.Itis

anticipatedthatthisRedevelopmentPlantitledtheWoodfinGreenways,Sidewalksand

BikewaysPlan(2010).TheBoardofAldermenarealsointheprocessofrevisinga

consolidatedmasterplanfortheWoodfinCommunitywhichisalsoanticipatedtobe

completeincalendaryear2010.Thiscommunitymasterplanattemptstoimplement

best

practices

to

achieve

quality

and

varied

development

for

the

Woodfin

Community

whileemployingpracticalhazardmitigationstrategies.

Status:Ongoing.


28/119

127

2. Evaluateandstrengthenexistingordinancesasneeded.Woodfinshouldconstantlyevaluateandstrengthenourexistingordinancesasneeded.

TheTownsenvironmentandcircumstancesareconstantlychangingandourHazard

Mitigationstrategiesmustconstantlychangewiththem. Thephraseasneeded

shouldbeinterpretedasanytimethecommunityexperiencesasignificantchangein

conditionssuchasrapiddevelopment,annexation,majorzoningchangesor

technologicalchange. TheTowncanalsoscheduleaHazardMitigationReview

wheneveritupdatesitsLandDevelopmentPlan.Finally,thebestwindowofopportunity

forpolicyevaluationmaycomefollowinganaturaldisasterevent. Thisiswhenyoucan

trulydiscernthepolicieseffectiveness.

WoodfinsTownAdministratorandtheBoardofAldermenwillberesponsiblefor


ongoingbasis.In2010theBoardofAldermenenteredanewagreementwithBuncombe

CountytoenforcetherecentlyadoptedFloodDamagePreventionordinanceof2010.

Thisnewordinancewascraftedusingbestpracticestoavoidandpreventdevelopment

thatmightbeunnecessarilypronetothedamagingeffectsofflooding.Togetherthese

actionsrepresentsomeofthecontinuingevolutionofWoodfinsordinancesto

incorporatehazardmitigationasacentralpointintheprocessofdevelopingordinances.

Status:Ongoing.

3. Ensureenforcementofordinances.WoodfinmustbecommittedandvigilantinenforcingitsHazardrelatedordinancesand

regulations. Becauseofoursmallsizeandlimitedresources,everydepartmentmustbe

involvedintheenforcementprocess. Eachdepartmentshouldnotifythetown

Administratorwhenordinanceorcodeviolationsareseeninthecommunity.TheTown

hasaddedafulltimecodeenforcementpositionasofOctober2007toassistinthis

process. TheAdministrativeDepartmentmustworkdiligentlytoensurethatour

regulationsarefairlyandquicklyenforced. Dataonreportedviolationswillbe

maintainedfortrackingpurposes. Thistrackingsystemwasdevelopedandfunctioning

byJanuary1,2005.


implementing

this

strategy.

Progress

is

evaluated

by

the

Board

of

Aldermen

on

an

ongoingbasis.

StatusProcessdevelopmentandimplementationComplete. Enforcement On

going.


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4. Educatethepublicregardinghazardmitigation.Thoughtherearemanymeasuresthatlocalgovernmentscantaketoprotectthehealth



hazardmitigationinformationavailabletothepublic.

Woodfinshouldhavereadilyavailableinformationonfloodplainlocation,flood

insurance,soilconditions,zoning,andlongrangeplanningavailableatTownHall. The

TowncanrefercitizenstotheCountyswebsitewhichincludesinformationonhazard

mitigation. BuncombeCountyhasalsosuppliedhazardmitigationinformationforairing

onitsGovernmentAccesscabletelevisionchannel.

Woodfinshouldworkincooperationwiththecountyintheirefforttosendinformation

ontheNationalFloodInsuranceProgramtoallownersoffloodplainparcels. Afollow

upsurveyshouldthenbeconductedtodeterminehowmanypropertyownershave

purchasedfloodinsurance.



ongoingbasis.

Asmentionedabove,theTownhascontractedwithBuncombeCountytoadministerthe

localFloodDamagePreventionOrdinancewhichtiesdirectlyintotheCountysabilityto

spreadthewordaboutthisimportantissue.

Status:Ongoing.

5. Addresstheissuesofstormwatermanagementandimpervioussurfaces.Stormwatermanagementprogramscanbeanimportantstepinfloodanderosion



runoffwhichcarriespollutantstobodiesofwater. Whenastormeventoccurs,heavy

concentrationsofpollutantsmayresultalongwithfloodingofstreetsandwaterways.


through

natural

and/or

man

made

storage

and

conveyance

systems

during

and









30/119

129






programrequiresanyonedischargingapollutantfromapointsourceintowatersto

obtainaNPDESpermit.




NPDESprogram. TheseregulationsarereferredtoastheEPAs PhaseIIRegulations.

ThesenewrequirementsarethesecondphaseofanEPAmandatetocontrolstorm

water. ThefirstphaseaffectedlargercitiesinNorthCarolina. Thesecondphase



stormwatermanagementplans. Italsorequiressomecounties,includingBuncombe,to

facecertainrequirements,aswell.

TheEPAPhaseIIRegulationswereannouncedinDecember1999andrequirestatesto




DENRisleadingtheeffort.

Thesixrequiredcomponentsoftheprogramare:

Publicinvolvement/participation

Publiceducationandawarenessprograms

Detectionandeliminationofillicitconnectionstothemunicipalseparatestorm

sewersystems(MS4s)

Managementofpostconstructionstormwaterrunoff

Constructionsitestormwaterrunoffcontrols

Pollutionprevention/goodhousekeepingformunicipaloperations(publicfacilities)

Over

the

next

two

year

period,

storm

water

management

best

practices

will

be

identified,andastormwatermanagementprogramwillbedeveloped.

TheTownofWoodfinadoptedacomprehensiveStormWaterManagementOrdinance

onFebruary18,2003.


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WoodfinsTownAdministrator,PublicWorksDepartmentandtheBoardofaldermen

willberesponsibleforimplementingthisstrategy. ProgressisevaluatedbytheBoardof

Aldermenonanongoingbasis.

The TownofWoodfiniscurrentlyreviewingitsdraftpermitfromNCDENRfor

stormwatermanagement.OncefinalizedtheTownwillbeginamendingitsordinances

andpracticestoreflecttheresponsibilitiesoutlinedwithinsame.

StatusAdoptionofordinanceanddevelopmentofSotrmwaterManagementProgram

Complete. RefiningStormwaterManagementProgramandenforcementof

regualtionsOngoing.

6. Continuetocarryoutthehazardmitigationplanningprocessandseekfundingforemergingneeds.Theidentificationanddevelopmentofthesemitigationstrategiesshouldnotbeviewed


documentthatwillcontinuetoevolveaschangesoccurinWoodfin. Proceduresforthe

monitoring,evaluation,update,andrevisionofthisplanaresetforthinthefinaltwo

sectionsofthisdocument. Inadditiontothestepsenumeratedtherein,the

continuationofthehazardmitigationplanningprocessalsoincludesseekingoutfunding

sourcesforemergingneeds.Fundingforupdatingstafftrainingandcertification,aswell

asequipment,isalsoaperpetualneedinourcurrentworldofrapidlychanging

technology. Futureareasofneedcouldalsoincludeadditionalfundsforthepurchaseof

repetitivelossstructuresand/orotherstructureswithinthefloodplain,fundingfor

elevationstudiesofZoneAfloodplainproperties,andthepurchaseofhandheldGPS

unitstoaidintheenforcementoftheErosionControlandFloodDamagePrevention

Ordinances.WoodfinsTownAdministratorandtheBoardofAldermenwillberesponsiblefor

implementingthisstrategy. ProgresswillisevaluatedbytheBoardofAldermenonan

ongoingbasis.

Status:Ongoing.


32/119

131



revisions. ThedraftoftheBuncombeCountyHazardMitigationPlanwillthenbe



















33/119

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mitigationefforts,theoccurrenceofanaturaldisaster,orchangestostateorfederal


November1998).

WhileMonitoringandEvaluationareongoingprocesses,UpdateandRevision

shouldoccuratregularlyscheduledintervals,atleastevery5years,andaspartofa


EvaluationandRevisionCommitteeshouldbeestablishedtoincludetheCounty

DirectorofEmergencyManagement,EmergencyManagementPlanner,anda

representativefromeithertheAdministrationorPlanningDepartmentfromtheCounty

andeachincorporatedjurisdiction. ThiscommitteewillreviewandupdatetheHazard

MitigationPlanaminimumofeveryfiveyearsormoreoftenifchangingconditionsso

dictate. Publicinvolvementwillbeencouragedthroughouttheupdateoftheplan.


34/119

Multi-Jurisdiciton Hazard Mitigation Actions Table #8

MitigationAction Jurisdiction HazardsAddressed StatusfromLast

Update

Completion

Date

Resp

Reviewordinances,

policiesandplanning

processesfor

opportunitiesto

incorporatehazard

mitigationprinciples.

All All OngoingActionfrom

oldplan

2016

Loca

Man

Plann

perso

Continuetheactivities

oftheTechnical

ReviewCommitteeas

outlinedonpages.

Buncombe

Asheville

Flooding,Wildfire,

Landslide

NewActionfromold

plan

2016

Plann

FireM

Erosi

Offic

Storm

Engin

Flood

OrdinAdm

Subd

Ordin

Adm

Zonin

Trackdevelopment

permits

approved/rejectedto

ensureenforcement

of

existing

ordinances.

All Flooding,Wildfire,

Landslide

OngoingActionfrom

oldplan

2016

Plann

Inspe

perso

MarsDistributewater

conservation

informationtoall

communitiesduring

timesofdrought

All Drought NewActionfromold

plan

2016

Local

Mana

Relat

Wate

perso


35/119

Distributeallhazards

familypreparedness

informationatthe

beginningoftornado,

hurricane,andwinter

stormseasons.

All All

NewActionfromold

plan

2016

Loca

Man

Publi

andF

Depa

perso

Continue

to

implementandrefine

stormwater

management

programs.

All Flooding OngoingActionfrom

oldplan

2016

Plann

Storm

Man

perso

Attendcontinuing

educationcoursesto

maintainCertified

FloodplainManager

statusandkeep

informedoffloodplain

managementconcepts

andbestpractices.

Buncombe,

Asheville,

Black

Mountain,

Montreat

Flooding NewActionfromold

plan

2016

Loca

Ordin

admi

perso

ReviewCommunity

RatingsSystem

requirementsand

evaluatebenefitsof

participation.

Buncombe,

Asheville,

Black

Mountain,

Montreat

Flooding DeferredActionfrom

oldplan

2016

Loca

Man

Flood

Ordin

admi

perso

Seekfundingfor

acquisitionofflood

prone

structures

continuingpost

Frances/Ivanbuyout

program

Buncombe

(Candlerand

Swannanoa)

Flooding

New

Action

from

old

plan2016

Loca

Man

persoFlood

Ordin

Adm


36/119

Seekfundingtobuild

GISlayerofbuilding

footprintstoimprove

abilitytoidentify

structureslocatedin

hazardareas.

Buncombe Flooding,Landslide,

Wildfire,Winterstorm,

DamFailure

NewActionfromold

plan

2016

Loca

Man

Plann

perso

Seekfundingfor

finished

floor

elevationstudiesof

uninsuredfloodplain

structurestofacilitate

cost/benefitanalysis

ofpotential

acquisitionprojects.

Buncombe Flooding NewActionfromold

plan

2016

Loca

Man

Plann

perso


37/119

AppendixAHazardMitigationPlanUpdateCommitteeMembers

APPENDIXA

HazardMitigationPlanUpdateCommitteeMembers


38/119

AppendixAHazardMitigationPlanUpdateCommitteeMembers

HazardMitigationPlanUpdateCommittee

Jurisdiction Name Department Title

BuncombeCounty AngelaLedford Emergency

Management

Planner

BuncombeCounty CynthiaBarcklow Planning&

Development

Planner/Floodplain

Manager

BuncombeCounty JerryVeHaun EmergencyServices Director

CityofAsheville LewisGarrison AshevilleFire

Department

TownofBiltmore

Forest

NelsonSmith Administration TownManager

TownofBlack

Mountain

ElizabethTeague Planning&

Development

Director

TownofBlack

Mountain

SteveJones FireDepartment Chief

Town

of

Montreat

Ron

Nalley

Administration

Town

Manager

Townof

Weaverville

MichaelMorgan Administration TownManager

Townof

Weaverville

JeffHooper FireDepartment Chief

TownofWoodfin JerryVeHaun GoverningBody Mayor

TownofWoodfin JasonYoung Administration TownManager


39/119

AppendixBNCDCWeatherEventsJanuary1990toApril2011

APPENDIXB

WeatherEventsJanuary1,1990toApril30,2011


40/119


NCDC Query Results559 event(s) were reported in Buncombe County, North

Carolina between 01/01/1990 and 04/30/2011 (High Windlimited to speed greater than 0 knots).

Click onLocation or County to display Details.

Mag:

Dth:Inj:

PrD:

CrD:

Magnitude

DeathsInjuriesProperty Damage

Crop Damage

North Carolina

Location or

CountyDate Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD

1 BUNCOMBE 06/08/1990 1855 Hail 1.50in.

0 0 0 0

2 BUNCOMBE 06/08/1990 1910 Tstm Wind 0kts.

0 0 0 0

3 BUNCOMBE 08/21/1990 1325 Hail 0.75

in.

0 0 0 0


0 1 0 0

5 BUNCOMBE 04/29/1991 1715 Hail 0.75

in.

0 0 0 0

6 BUNCOMBE 07/24/1991 1710 Tstm Wind 0

kts.

0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0


kts.

0 0 0 0


kts.

0 0 0 0

10 Statewide 03/12/1993 1600 Winter Storm N/A 2 10 50.0M 0

11 NCZ001>510 03/23/1993 1200 Flash Floods N/A 0 0 0 012 Enka 04/15/1993 1440 Lightning N/A 0 0 50K 0

13 Asheville 05/19/1993 1410 Tornado F0 0 0 0 0

14 Asheville 08/20/1993 1630 ThunderstormWinds

0kts.

0 0 0 0

15 Barnardsville 08/25/1993 1435 Hail 1.00 0 0 0 0


41/119


in.

16 Eastern 12/05/1993 1100 High Winds 0kts.

0 0 500K 0

17 Northern And

Central

01/03/1994 1800 Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

18 Statewide 01/15/1994 0000 Extreme Cold N/A 3 0 500K 0

19 Statewide 01/19/1994 0000 Extreme Cold N/A 6 0 0 0

20 Northern Interior

And

02/10/1994 1000 Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0 0

21 Averys Creek 06/09/1995 1415 Hail 1.75in.

0 0 0 0

22 Weaverville 06/17/1995 1410 Hail 1.75

in.

0 0 0 0

23 NCZ033>034 -

048>054 - 058>059- 062 - 064>065 -

067

10/05/1995 0300 High Winds 0

kts.

2 10 15.0M 0

24 Mountains 11/14/1995 0000 Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

25 Mountains And

Foothil

12/09/1995 0000 Freezing Rain N/A 0 0 20K 0

26 Northern

Mountains

12/25/1995 1000 Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

27 BUNCOMBE 12/25/1995 1800 Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

28 NCZ033 -

048>053 - 058 -

065

01/06/1996 12:00

PM

Winter Storm N/A 0 0 0 0

29 NCZ033>037 -

048>058 - 065>072

- 082

01/11/1996 06:00

PM


30 NCZ033>037 -

048>058 - 065>072

01/18/1996 08:00

PM

High Wind 0

kts.

0 0 75K 0

31 NCZ033 - 050 -

052>053 - 055 -

059 - 062 -064>065

01/18/1996 10:00

PM

Flood N/A 0 0 0 0

32 Leicester 01/24/1996 04:45

AM

Tstm Wind 0

kts.

0 0 25K 0


42/119


33 West Asheville 01/24/1996 06:30AM

Lightning N/A 0 0 0 0

34 NCZ034 -

048>049 - 051>055

- 059 - 062 -064>067 - 082

01/26/1996 08:55

PM

Flood N/A 0 0 30K 0

35 NCZ033>037 -

048>058 - 065>066

- 069

01/26/1996 11:00

AM

Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0 0

36 NCZ051>053 -

058>059 - 062>065

02/01/1996 08:00

PM

Freezing Rain N/A 0 0 0 0

37 NCZ033>037 -048>057

02/02/1996 03:00AM

Ice Storm N/A 0 0 50.0M 0

38 NCZ033 -048>053 - 058>059

- 062>065

02/07/1996 12:00PM Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

39 NCZ033 -048>053 - 058>059

- 062>065

02/11/1996 11:00PM

Other N/A 0 0 0 0

40 NCZ033 -

048>053 - 058>059

02/12/1996 12:00

PM

Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

41 NCZ033 -048>059 - 062>072

02/16/1996 02:00AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

42 NCZ033 -

048>053 - 058>059

02/16/1996 04:00

PM


43 Asheville 04/20/1996 12:27PM

Hail 0.75in.

0 0 0 0

44 Leicester 05/06/1996 06:45

AM

Lightning N/A 0 0 20K 0

45 West Haven 05/24/1996 04:09PM

Hail 0.75in.

0 0 0 0

46 Asheville 06/15/1996 03:00PM

Tstm Wind 50kts.

0 0 0 0

47 Asheville 06/15/1996 05:13

PM

Hail 0.75

in.

0 0 0 0

48 Asheville 06/15/1996 05:37PM

Hail 1.00in.

0 0 0 0


43/119


49 Asheville 06/24/1996 01:02PM

Hail 1.75in.

0 0 0 0

50 Avery Creek 06/24/1996 01:12

PM

Hail 0.75

in.

0 0 0 0

51 Leicester 06/24/1996 12:55PM

Hail 0.88in.

0 0 0 0

52 Leicester 06/24/1996 12:55PM

Tstm Wind 50kts.

0 0 0 0

53 Asheville 07/26/1996 02:50

PM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 1 0 0

54 Asheville 07/26/1996 02:52

PM

Hail 1.50

in.

0 0 0 0

55 Asheville 08/29/1996 06:00

PM

Lightning N/A 0 1 0 0

56 New Hominy 09/03/1996 10:00

PM

Flash Flood N/A 0 0 0 0

57 West Part Of

County

09/04/1996 06:45

PM


58 Eastern Part 09/04/1996 09:30PM


59 NCZ034 -

048>055

12/05/1996 12:00

PM

Snow And Ice N/A 0 0 0 0

60 NCZ033>035 -

048>055 - 058>059- 062>067

01/08/1997 12:00

PM

Snow And

Sleet

N/A 0 0 0 0

61 NCZ033>037 -

048>055 - 058>059- 062>067 - 069

01/09/1997 12:00

AM

Ice Storm N/A 0 0 2.0M 0

62 NCZ033 -

048>053 - 058>059

- 062>065

01/10/1997 08:00

PM


63 NCZ049>050 -053

02/10/1997 08:00AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

64 NCZ049 -

053>055 - 064>070

02/13/1997 10:00

AM


65 NCZ033 - 053 -

066

03/05/1997 09:00

PM

High Wind 55

kts.

0 0 0 0


44/119


66 NCZ033>037 -048>059 - 062>072

- 082

04/01/1997 12:00AM

Cold N/A 0 0 0 0

67 NCZ053 05/13/1997 05:45

PM

High Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

68 Asheville 06/02/1997 01:28PM

Hail 0.75in.

0 0 0 0

69 Asheville 06/02/1997 01:51

PM

Hail 0.88

in.

0 0 0 0

70 Candler 06/02/1997 12:00

PM

Hail 1.00

in.

0 0 0 0

71 Weaverville 06/13/1997 08:00PM

Tstm Wind 50kts.

0 0 0 0

72 Weaverville 06/13/1997 08:10PM

Funnel Clouds N/A 0 0 0 0

73 Hominy 06/21/1997 12:00

PM


74 Asheville 06/26/1997 07:45PM


75 Woodfin 07/04/1997 06:31

PM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 3 0 0

76 Montreat 07/04/1997 06:46

PM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

77 Alexander 07/21/1997 03:30PM


78 Asheville 07/28/1997 01:00

PM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

79 NCZ051>053 -058

12/05/1997 05:00AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

80 NCZ048 -

052>055 - 059 -

062 - 064>067

12/08/1997 11:00

AM

Wintry Mix N/A 0 0 0 0

81 NCZ052>055 -058>059 - 063>065

12/27/1997 12:00AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

82 NCZ033 -

048>053 - 058>059

- 062>065

12/29/1997 10:00

AM



45/119


83 NCZ033 -048>053 - 058>059

- 063>065

12/30/1997 05:00PM


84 NCZ053>054 -

058>059 - 062>064

01/07/1998 04:00

PM

High Wind 50

kts.

0 0 30K 0

85 Countywide 01/07/1998 04:00PM

Flood N/A 0 0 1.0M 0

86 NCZ033 -

048>055 - 058>059

- 062>065

01/18/1998 08:00

PM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

87 NCZ033 -

048>049 - 053>054- 059 - 062>064

01/18/1998 10:00

PM


88 NCZ033>034 -048>055 - 058>059

- 062>067

01/27/1998 04:00AM Heavy Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

89 Candler 02/03/1998 05:00AM

Heavy Rain N/A 0 0 20K 0

90 NCZ048 - 050 -

052>053 - 064>065

02/03/1998 12:00

AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

91 NCZ036 - 049 -

052>053 - 059 -063 - 067

02/03/1998 12:00

PM

High Wind 0

kts.

0 0 100K 0

92 NCZ033 - 053 -

058

03/03/1998 12:00

AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

93 NCZ033 -048>050 - 052>053

- 055 - 058>059 -

062>064

03/11/1998 04:00PM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

94 Asheville 03/20/1998 09:25

AM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

95 Skyland 04/08/1998 02:35

PM

Hail 0.75

in.

0 0 0 0

96 Enka 04/16/1998 07:30PM

Hail 2.00in.

0 0 0 0

97 Enka 04/16/1998 07:30

PM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

98 Barnardsville 05/07/1998 04:15 Hail 1.75 0 0 0 0


46/119


PM in.

99 Barnardsville 05/07/1998 05:50PM

Hail 1.75in.

0 0 0 0

100 Barnardsville 05/07/1998 06:45

PM

Hail 1.75

in.

0 0 0 0

101 Swannanoa 06/22/1998 09:00

PM

Hail 0.75

in.

0 0 0 0

102 Swannanoa 06/22/1998 09:00PM

Tstm Wind 55kts.

0 0 0 0

103 NCZ033>037 -

048>059 - 062>072

- 082

07/01/1998 12:00

AM

Dry Weather N/A 0 0 0 0

104 Swannanoa 07/21/1998 02:18

PM

Tstm Wind 52

kts.

0 0 0 0

105 Swannanoa 07/21/1998 03:00

PM

Hail 0.75

in.

0 0 0 0

106 NCZ033>037 -

048>059 - 062>072- 082

10/01/1998 12:00

AM

Drought N/A 0 0 0 0

107 NCZ033>037 -

048>059 - 062>072

- 082

11/01/1998 12:00

AM

Drought N/A 0 0 0 0

108 NCZ051>053 -058>059 - 062>065

11/10/1998 08:00PM

Gusty Wind N/A 0 0 0 0

109 NCZ033 -

035>036 - 048>053- 055 - 058>059 -

062>064 - 066>068

- 070>071 - 082

12/23/1998 09:00

AM

Freezing

Rain/sleet

N/A 0 0 0 0

110 NCZ034>035 -037 - 050 -

053>056 - 065>067

01/02/1999 03:00PM

Ice Storm N/A 0 0 0 0

111 Skyland 01/23/1999 10:50

AM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

112 Asheville 01/23/1999 11:00AM

Tstm Wind 68kts.

0 0 15K 0

113 NCZ053 - 059 -

062>063 - 065

01/31/1999 03:00

PM



47/119


114 NCZ034 - 048 -053>055 - 058>059

02/13/1999 08:00AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

115 NCZ034 -

049>050 - 053>055

- 064

02/23/1999 06:00

AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

116 NCZ034>037 -048>053 - 056>059

- 063 - 069

02/24/1999 12:00AM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

117 NCZ034 - 053 -

057 - 068>070 -

072

03/03/1999 11:00

AM

High Wind 60

kts.

0 0 700K 0

118 NCZ034 -053>054 - 058>059

- 062>065

03/03/1999 12:00PM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

119 NCZ051 - 053 -

062>063

03/09/1999 03:00

AM


120 NCZ033>034 -048>054 - 058>059

- 062>067

03/16/1999 01:00PM

Gusty Winds N/A 0 0 0 0

121 NCZ048 -

050>053 - 058>059- 062>064

03/26/1999 06:00

AM


122 NCZ033>034 -

048>050 - 052>055- 059

04/29/1999 04:00

PM

Snow N/A 0 0 0 0

123 Asheville 05/06/1999 05:02AM

Hail 0.75in.

0 0 0 0

124 Asheville 05/06/1999 05:02

AM

Tornado F1 0 0 250K 0

125 Swannanoa 05/06/1999 05:28

AM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

126 Leicester 05/07/1999 04:40

PM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

127 Asheville 05/07/1999 06:22PM

Hail 0.88in.

0 0 0 0

128 Asheville 05/07/1999 06:26

PM

Hail 1.25

in.

0 0 0 0

129 Asheville 05/07/1999 06:29 Hail 1.25 0 0 0 0


48/119


PM in.

130 Fairview 06/02/1999 04:05PM

Hail 1.00in.

0 0 0 0

131 Weaverville 07/24/1999 03:37

PM

Tstm Wind 50

kts.

0 0 0 0

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