Pageant 37-38 Review
Jan 02, 2016
Pageant 37-38 Review
Supreme Court• Advanced civil rights because congress and the
president were staying away from the issue• Sweatt v Painter- 1950- Ruled against segregated
graduate schools• Brown v. Board- 1954- Over turned legal
segregation
Civil Rights• African Americans spurred on by the gap
between U.S. ideals and racial practices revealed by WW II
The United Nations• Sent troops to Korea- initially to defend South
Korea from North Korean aggression• Failed to stem the manufacturing of atomic
weapons• Instrumental in the formation of Israel
Cold War Origins
• Fundamental disagreements between the U.S. and Soviets over arrangements in postwar Eastern Europe
• U.S and Soviets had been largely isolated from world affairs
• U.S viewed the Soviets as expansionist, but cautious
Marshall Plan
• Economic aid to Europe after WW II
• Offered to the Soviets and Eastern bloc nations
• Thwarted Communist parties in Italy and France
Chinese Civil War
• Mao Zedong gained the support of the Chinese people
• Lead to increased fears of Communist expansion
Douglas Mac Arthur
• Instrumental in developing post war Japan• First UN commander in Korean War- fired by
Truman You are Fired!!
The Rosenbergs
• Executed in 1953 for selling atomic secrets to the Soviets
Alger Hiss
• Found guilty of perjury• Helped establish Nixon’s reputation
HUAC
• House Un American Activities Committee • Began investigating Communist influences in
the New Deal in the late 1930s
Henry A. Wallace
• Ran for President in 1948 as the New Progressive candidate
• Wanted to return to the New Deal• Opposed Cold War policies of
Truman• Too liberal for voters• Formerly FDR’s VP from 1941-45
Truman’s Fair Deal
• Full employment• Increased housing availability• Aid for Farmers• Higher minimum wage• New TVAs• Extension of Social Security
• Blocked by Republicans and Southern Democrats
McCarran Act
• Gave the President wide ranging powers against internal threats
• Vetoed by Truman, but overridden
Sputnik• Launched in October 1957• Resulted in increased emphasis on science and
language education in the U.S.• The U.S. launched Juno within a couple of
months
Eisenhower
• Pledged to go to Korea during the 1952 Presidential campaign
• Was committed to social harmony• Not inclined toward promoting integration
Eisenhower Foreign Policy
• Massive Retaliation- Soviet aggression will be met with a nuclear response
• Open Skies- Allowed for U.S. and Soviet planes to fly over each other’s air space- rejected by Khrushchev
New Look Foreign Policy
• Reliance on air power and nuclear weapons• Deemphasized conventional army and navy
Vietnam
• U.S. supported French presence after World War II
• French defeated by Viet Minh at Dien Bien Phu- 1954
Suez Crisis
• Great Britain and France attempted to regain the Suez Canal
• For the last time, the U.S. used oil to make demands
• A factor in the U.S. not aiding the Hungarian revolution
1956 Revolution
• Hungarians temporarily overthrew Communist leadership
• Never received help from the U.S.
Interstate Highway System
• Affected air quality and downtowns• Showed preference for auto transportation
over railroads
Sunbelt
• Prosperity due to influx of money from the federal government
• Every elected President from 1964 to 2008 was from the Sunbelt
Sit-ins
• Began at North Carolina A&T• Led to the formation of the Student Non
violent Coordinating Committee
Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Successful in keeping most African Americans of the busses
• Led to the emergence of Martin Luther King Jr
Emmett Till
• From Chicago, visiting Mississippi • Defendants were found not guilty by an all
white jury
Little Rock 9
• Integrated Central High School• Orval Faubus- Arkansas Governor used the
National Guard to prevent integration• Eisenhower sent in paratroopers
Organized Labor
• Hindered by-– The Taft-Hartley Act– Increase in service sector jobs– Failure of Operation Dixie– Increase in part-time workers
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act
• GI Bill• Helped absorb millions
of men back into the workforces
• Allowed men to go to college, easily get home or business loans
Earl Warren
• Conservative Governor of California- became a liberal Supreme Court justice
• Nominated by Eisenhower
Suburban Growth
• Made easier by-– Accessible home loans– Highways– Tax deductions for interest payments on mortgages– “White Flight” from racial change
Created an urban-suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major metropolitan areas
Joe McCarthy
• Claimed the state department was infiltrated by Communists
• Never directly challenged by Eisenhower• State Department lost specialists that may
have been valuable concerning Vietnam
Consumerism
• People that had experienced the Great Depression and WW II now had discretionary income
• McDonalds, Disneyland, TV advertising